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You searched for: Journal name Energy & Fuels Remove constraint Journal name: Energy & Fuels Publication year rev 7988-2012 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 7988-2012 Source 2012 v.26 no.1 Remove constraint Source: 2012 v.26 no.1
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1. Applying Learning Curves to Modeling Future Coal and Gas Power Generation Technologies

Author:
Ordowich Chris; Chase John; Steele Daniel; Malhotra Ripudaman; Harada Michiaki; Makino Keiji
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 753-766
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
capital; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon markets; coal; combustion; electricity; energy; energy costs; equations; fuel cells; gasification; issues and policy; learning; models; natural gas; operating costs; power generation; power plants; prices; research and development
Abstract:
... Coal and natural gas have and will likely continue to be key components of the world energy supply for years to come. Currently, the most efficient commercial technologies for power production are supercritical pulverized coal combustion (SCPC) and natural gas combustion with combined cycle (NGCC). Emerging technologies for more efficient power generation from coal include ultra-super-critical pul ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef2013634

2. Ash Transformation Chemistry during Combustion of Biomass

Author:
Boström Dan; Skoglund Nils; Grimm Alejandro; Boman Christoffer; Öhman Marcus; Broström Markus; Backman Rainer
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 85-93
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
biofuels; biomass; combustion; crops; energy; models; phosphorus; silicon
Abstract:
... There is relatively extensive knowledge available concerning ash transformation reactions during combustion of woody biomass. In recent decades, the use of these energy carriers has increased, from a low-technology residential small-scale level to an industrial scale. Along this evolution, ash chemical-related phenomena for woody biomass have been observed and studied. Therefore, presently the und ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201205b

3. Ash-Related Issues in Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Biomasses: Recent Research Highlights

Author:
Hupa Mikko
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 4-14
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
biofuels; boilers; chlorine; coal; combustion; corrosion; fluidized beds; fly ash; fouling; metals; nitrogen; phosphorus; sulfur; Finland; Sweden
Abstract:
... Finland and Sweden are leaders in the use of biomass fuels in large-scale boilers. In these countries, the dominating large-scale combustion technology for biomass fuels is fluidized-bed combustion (FBC). Biomass fuels differ in many ways from the standard fossil fuels used in FBC, such as coal. They often have high moisture contents, lower heating values, and a variety of impurities, such as chlo ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201169k

4. Asphaltene Deposition Measurement and Modeling for Flow Assurance of Tubings and Flow Lines

Author:
Akbarzadeh Kamran; Eskin Dmitry; Ratulowski John; Taylor Shawn
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 495-510
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
models; standard operating procedures; Gulf of Mexico
Abstract:
... A recently developed asphaltene deposition model is tuned with some experimental data obtained in RealView, a high pressure deposition cell. The tuned model is validated with further experimental data. The lab-scale model is then extended to field-scale tubings and flow lines, and the predicted deposition profile is qualitatively compared with field observations. Finally, an experimental protocol ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef2009474

5. Assessment of Bio-oil Extraction from Tetraselmis chui Microalgae Comparing Supercritical CO2, Solvent Extraction, and Thermal Processing

Author:
Grierson Scott; Strezov Vladimir; Bray Sargent; Mummacari Raffaella; Danh Luu Thai; Foster Neil
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 248-255
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
Tetraselmis chuii; biofuels; biomass; carbon dioxide; heat treatment; microalgae; oils; pyrolysis; solvents; supply chain
Abstract:
... Microalgae have significant capacity to fix CO₂ and to become a major industrial biomass resource. Examining ways to innovate the microalgae cultivation and processing value chain includes a focus on the most efficient and economical means to produce a liquid oil fraction from the microalgae species. This work compares the use of organic solvent, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂), and pyrolysi ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef2011222

6. Bio-oil Production from Biomass: Steps toward Demonstration

Author:
Solantausta Y.; Oasmaa A.; Sipilä K.; Lindfors C.; Lehto J.; Autio J.; Jokela P.; Alin J.; Heiskanen J.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 233-240
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
biofuels; biomass; carbon monoxide; combustion; feedstocks; flue gas; fluidized beds; forest products industry; fossil fuels; fuel oils; gas emissions; markets; odor emissions; organic compounds; oxygen; particulate emissions; pyrolysis; quality control; sawdust; Finland; North America; Western European region
Abstract:
... Metso, UPM, Fortum, and VTT have developed the world’s first integrated bio-oil production concept to provide an alternative to fossil fuels. The consortium has constructed an up to 7 tons/day bio-oil production pilot unit, which uses a bubbling fluidized-bed (BFB) pyrolysis reactor integrated with a conventional fluidized-bed boiler. Proof-of-concept has been carried out; close to 90 tons of bio- ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201109t

7. Catalytic Hydropyrolysis of Five Chinese Coals

Author:
Ma Zhichao; Ma Xiaoxun; Luo Jincheng; Xu Long; Yang Fan
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 511-517
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
activation energy; benzene; catalysts; coal; hydrogen; nitrogen; pyrolysis; temperature; thermogravimetry; toluene; xylene
Abstract:
... Five Chinese coals were subjected to pyrolysis by thermogravimetry (TG). The investigated pyrolysis conditions included pyrolysis atmospheres (N₂ and 10% H₂/N₂) and catalysts (MoS₂ and ZnCl₂) with different amounts (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 10%). The existence of hydrogen improved the final conversion and reduced the reaction temperature by different degrees. With the addition of catalysts, the max ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201290v

8. Changes in Char Structure during the Gasification of Mallee Wood: Effects of Particle Size and Steam Supply

Author:
Zhang Shu; Min Zhenhua; Tay Hui-Ling; Wang Yi; Dong Li; Li Chun-Zhu
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 193-198
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
argon (noble gases); aromatic compounds; biomass; gasification; particle size; quartz; spectroscopy; steam; wood
Abstract:
... The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the biomass particle size on the changes in char structure during the gasification in steam of mallee woody biomass. The experiments with continuous or sudden supply of steam were conducted using a fluidized-bed/fixed-bed quartz reactor. The structural features of chars were then characterized using Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscop ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef2011589

9. Characteristics of Optimal Chain Transfer Solvents for Pyrolysis Kinetics

Author:
LaMarca Concetta; Moreno Brian M.; Klein Michael T.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 55-57
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
hydrocarbons; hydrogen bonding; pyrolysis; reaction kinetics; solvents
Abstract:
... Kinetics analysis of the idealized heavy hydrocarbon system comprising a reactant A₁ = μ₁H converting through a Rice–Herzfeld chain in the presence of a chain transfer solvent A₂ = μ₂H revealed the conditions and structural features of A₂ for optimal rate enhancement E₁ = rA₁(A₁, A₂)/rA₁(A₁) = (1 + k̂Sθ)/(1 + k̂S), where k̂ = k₁₂/k₂₁ is the index of chain transfer and θ = k₂₁/k₁₁ is the index of t ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef2011832

10. Characterization of Biomass Ashes from Power Plants Firing Agricultural Residues

Author:
Wang Guoliang; Shen Laihong; Sheng Changdong
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 102-111
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
agricultural wastes; biomass; bottom ash; burning; combustion; construction materials; elemental composition; fluidized beds; fly ash; furnaces; leaching; mineralogy; power plants
Abstract:
... The paper presents the results of systematically characterizing the bottom and fly ash from a typical water-cooled vibrating grate furnace and the fly ash from a circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) combustor of two power plants burning similar mixed agricultural residues. Multi-standard techniques were employed in the characterization in terms of basic properties, particle morphology, chemical composi ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201134m

11. Characterization of Heavy Crude Oils, Their Fractions, and Hydrovisbroken Products by the Asphaltene Solubility Fraction Method

Author:
Ovalles Cesar; Rogel Estrella; Moir Michael; Thomas Lori; Pradhan Ajit
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 549-556
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
catalytic cracking; heptane; methanol; methylene chloride; oils; petroleum; solubility; solvents; thermal cracking
Abstract:
... An improved method for the separation of asphaltene solubility fractions is presented and has been proven useful for the characterization of heavy crude oils and their fractions. Mixtures of heptane, dichloromethane, and methanol are used to obtain four different and well-defined asphaltene fractions with increasing solubility parameter. A good correlation (0.95) is found between the solubility fr ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201499f

12. Comparative Study To Evaluate the Drying Kinetics of Boreal Peats from Micro to Macro Scales

Author:
Filkov Alexander I.; Kuzin Alexander Ya.; Sharypov Oleg V.; Leroy-Cancellieri Valerie; Cancellieri Dominique; Leoni Eric; Simeoni Albert; Rein Guillermo
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 349-356
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
combustion; drying; energy; evaporation; heat; peat; pyrolysis; wildfires
Abstract:
... Peat is an organic and flammable material used for energy generation and involved in accidental wildfires. Smoldering combustion is governed by heterogeneous chemical reactions of drying and pyrolysis of the bulk solid and oxidation at the surface. In these phenomena, the drying process and its rate is an important mechanism. The aim of this research was to determine thermokinetic constants (TKCs) ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201221y

13. Conditions for a Low-Salinity Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Effect in Carbonate Oil Reservoirs

Author:
Austad T.; Shariatpanahi S. F.; Strand S.; Black C. J. J.; Webb K. J.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 569-575
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
anhydrite; calcium sulfate; chalk; clay minerals; imbibition; oil fields; oils; potassium hydroxide; sandstone; seawater; wettability
Abstract:
... Low-salinity enhanced oil recovery (EOR) effects have for a long time been associated with sandstone reservoirs containing clay minerals. Recently, a laboratory study showing low-salinity EOR effects from composite carbonate core material was reported. In the present paper, the results of oil recovery by low-salinity water flooding from core material sampled from the aqueous zone of a limestone re ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201435g

14. Control of Agglomeration and Defluidization during Fluidized-Bed Combustion of South Australian Low-Rank Coals

Author:
van Eyk Philip J.; Kosminski Adam; Ashman Peter J.
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 118-129
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
additives; clay; coal; combustion; dolomite; fluidized beds; kaolinite; laboratory experimentation; limestone; sodium; sodium sulfate; sorbents; sulfur
Abstract:
... South Australian low-rank coals have high sulfur and high sodium contents, which cause operational problems when the coals are combusted. Fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) of these coals allows for efficient combustion and for convenient sulfur removal by the addition of in-bed sorbents, such as limestone or dolomite. However, the presence of sodium may result in operational problems for FBC because ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef2011518

15. Desulfurization of Heavy Oil–Oxidative Desulfurization (ODS) As Potential Upgrading Pathway for Oil Sands Derived Bitumen

Author:
Javadli Rashad; de Klerk Arno
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 594-602
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
air; autoxidation; bitumen; desulfurization; lakes; models; oil sands; oils; oxidants; solvents; storage quality; sulfur; sulfur dioxide; temperature; transportation; viscosity; washing
Abstract:
... Heavy oil usually contains percentage levels of sulfur. Most of the sulfur in heavy oil is found in bulky thiophenic structures. Thiophenic sulfur is difficult to remove by catalytic hydrodesulfurization, but it can readily be oxidized. The sulfoxides and sulfones produced from sulfur oxidation can be solvent extracted from the heavy oil as a result of their increased polarity. Oxidative desulfuri ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201448d

16. Effects of Chemical Forms of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metallic Species on the Char Ignition Temperature of a Loy Yang Coal under O2/N2 Atmosphere

Author:
Wu Le; Qiao Yu; Gui Ben; Wang Chao; Xu Jingying; Yao Hong; Xu Minghou
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 112-117
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
air; ammonium acetate; coal; combustion; sodium; sodium chloride; sulfuric acid; temperature
Abstract:
... Experiments were performed to determine the effects of alkali and alkaline earth metallic (AAEM) species on the ignition behavior of char under O₂/N₂ conditions. The char ignition temperatures of a Loy Yang brown coal were investigated using a wire-mesh reactor, where the secondary reactions of the evolved volatiles were minimized. Water, ammonium acetate, and sulfuric acid sequential extractions ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef2011386

17. FT-ICR MS Analysis of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in the Products of Liaohe Atmospheric Residue Hydrocracking

Author:
Liu Dong; Fu Yue; Deng Wenan; Shi Quan; Ma Kuijv; Hou Ting; Wu Chongchong
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 624-628
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
diesel fuel; distillation; ionization; mass spectrometry; nitrogen; nitrogen compounds; raw materials
Abstract:
... In this paper, the distribution of nitrogen (N)-containing compounds of slurry-bed hydrocracking products are investigated. Raw materials of the products were Liaohe atmospheric residue (LHAR), while the hydrocracking reaction was maintained at 430 °C with initial pressure of 8.0 MP for 1 h. The distillation fractions, including 180–350 °C (diesel fuel), 350–400 °C (VGO), 400–450 °C (VGO), and >45 ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201482p

18. Fate of Fuel Nitrogen in the Furnace of an Industrial Bubbling Fluidized Bed Boiler during Combustion of Biomass Fuel Mixtures

Author:
Vainio Emil; Brink Anders; Hupa Mikko; Vesala Hannu; Kajolinna Tuula
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 94-101
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
air; ammonia; bark; biofuels; combustion; furnaces; hydrogen cyanide; nitric oxide; nitrogen; sludge
Abstract:
... The fate of fuel nitrogen in the furnace of a full-scale bubbling fluidized bed boiler was studied in an extensive measurement campaign. The study of the fate of the fuel nitrogen is based on measurements in the furnace of a 107 MWₜₕ bubbling fluidized bed boiler for 3 days, each day with a different fuel blend. During the first day, the boiler was fired with bark. During the second day, the boile ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201145j

19. Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Selected Wood Chars from the Semi-arid Northeastern Region of Brazil

Author:
Ramos Marcelo; Rangel Nelson; Pinho Carlos
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 400-406
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
air; burning; combustion; energy balance; fluidized beds; nitrogen; oxygen; semiarid zones; temperature; wood; Brazil
Abstract:
... We herein present some results obtained from the burning of chars derived from wood originated in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil (Cariri Paraibano) in a fluidized-bed reactor. A series of tests was performed in air and 10:90% (v/v) mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen. The average diameter of the burning particles ranged from 1.8 to 3.6 mm for bed temperatures of both 750 and 850 °C. The t ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201354f

20. High-Temperature Pressure Swing Adsorption Process for CO2 Separation

Author:
Yin Junjun; Qin Changlei; An Hui; Liu Wenqiang; Feng Bo
Source:
Energy & Fuels 2012 v.26 no.1 pp. 169-175
ISSN:
1520-5029
Subject:
adsorption; calcium carbonate; calcium oxide; carbon dioxide; carbonation; combustion; heat; oxygen; sorbents; steam; temperature
Abstract:
... This paper presents a novel pressure swing adsorption process and the development of specifically designed sorbents for the process. It is operated at high temperature (650–800 °C) using the reversible reaction of calcium oxide with CO₂, i.e., CaO + CO₂ ⇄ CaCO₃. The new process directly stores the reaction heat released from the forward reaction in the sorbent and then releases it for sorbent rege ...
DOI:
10.1021/ef201142w