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You searched for: Journal Environmental Science & Technology Remove constraint Journal: Environmental Science & Technology Publication Year 2016 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2016 Source 2016 v.50 no.1 Remove constraint Source: 2016 v.50 no.1
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1. A Decade of Change in NO2 and SO2 over the Canadian Oil Sands As Seen from Space

Author:
McLinden, Chris A.; Fioletov, Vitali; Krotkov, Nickolay A.; Li, Can; Boersma, K. Folkert; Adams, Cristen
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 331-337
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
control methods; monitoring; nitrogen dioxide; oil sands; ozone; pollutants; pollution control; sulfur dioxide; surface mining; troposphere; Canada; North Dakota
Abstract:
... A decade (2005–2014) of observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) were used to examine trends in nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) over a large region of western Canada and the northern United States, with a focus on the Canadian oil sands. In the oil sands, primarily over an area of intensive surface mining, NO₂ tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) are seen to ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b04985

2. Adsorption of Organic Compounds to Diesel Soot: Frontal Analysis and Polyparameter Linear Free-Energy Relationship

Author:
Lu, Zhijiang; MacFarlane, John K.; Gschwend, Philip M.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 285-293
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
acidity; adsorption; bioavailability; chromatography; hydrogen; hydrogen bonding; hydrophobicity; polychlorinated biphenyls; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; sediments; soil water; soot
Abstract:
... Black carbons (BCs) dominate the sorption of many hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in soils and sediments, thereby reducing the HOCs’ mobilities and bioavailabilities. However, we do not have data for diverse HOCs’ sorption to BC because it is time-consuming and labor-intensive to obtain isotherms on soot and other BCs. In this study, we developed a frontal analysis chromatographic method to i ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b03605

3. Ambient Air Pollution Exposure Estimation for the Global Burden of Disease 2013

Author:
Brauer, Michael; Freedman, Greg; Frostad, Joseph; van Donkelaar, Aaron; Martin, Randall V.; Dentener, Frank; Dingenen, Rita van; Estep, Kara; Amini, Heresh; Apte, Joshua S.; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Barregard, Lars; Broday, David; Feigin, Valery; Ghosh, Santu; Hopke, Philip K.; Knibbs, Luke D.; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Liu, Yang; Ma, Stefan; Morawska, Lidia; Sangrador, José Luis Texcalac; Shaddick, Gavin; Anderson, H. Ross; Vos, Theo; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Burnett, Richard T.; Cohen, Aaron
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 79-88
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
World Health Organization; air pollution; air quality; burden of disease; environmental exposure; guidelines; income; ozone; risk factors; satellites; simulation models; China; Europe; North America; South Asia; South East Asia
Abstract:
... Exposure to ambient air pollution is a major risk factor for global disease. Assessment of the impacts of air pollution on population health and evaluation of trends relative to other major risk factors requires regularly updated, accurate, spatially resolved exposure estimates. We combined satellite-based estimates, chemical transport model simulations, and ground measurements from 79 different c ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b03709

4. Arsenic Relative Bioavailability in Contaminated Soils: Comparison of Animal Models, Dosing Schemes, and Biological End Points

Author:
Li, Jie; Li, Chao; Sun, Hong-Jie; Juhasz, Albert L.; Luo, Jun; Li, Hong-Bo; Ma, Lena Q.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 453-461
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
animal models; arsenic; bioavailability; biomarkers; blood; diet; excretion; in vitro studies; kidneys; liver; mice; polluted soils; swine; urine
Abstract:
... Different animals and biomarkers have been used to measure the relative bioavailability of arsenic (As-RBA) in contaminated soils. However, there is a lack of As-RBA comparison based on different animals (i.e., swine and mouse) and biomarkers [area under blood As concentration curve (AUC) after a single gavaged dose vs steady-state As urinary excretion (SSUE) and As accumulation in liver or kidney ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b04552

5. Assessment of Metal Toxicity in Marine Ecosystems: Comparative Toxicity Potentials for Nine Cationic Metals in Coastal Seawater

Author:
Dong, Yan; Rosenbaum, Ralph K.; Hauschild, Michael Z.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 269-278
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
bioavailability; cadmium; chromium; coastal water; cobalt; copper; ecotoxicology; iron; lead; life cycle assessment; manganese; marine ecosystems; nickel; seawater; toxicity; zinc
Abstract:
... This study is a first attempt to develop globally applicable and spatially differentiated marine comparative toxicity potentials (CTPs) or ecotoxicity characterization factors for metals in coastal seawater for use in life cycle assessment. The toxicity potentials are based exclusively on marine ecotoxicity data and take account of metal speciation and bioavailability. CTPs were developed for nine ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b01625

6. Carbon Capture in the Cement Industry: Technologies, Progress, and Retrofitting

Author:
Hills, Thomas; Leeson, Duncan; Florin, Nicholas; Fennell, Paul
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 368-377
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
calcium; carbon; carbon dioxide; cement; combustion; commercialization; cost effectiveness; electricity; industry; infrastructure; pollution control
Abstract:
... Several different carbon-capture technologies have been proposed for use in the cement industry. This paper reviews their attributes, the progress that has been made toward their commercialization, and the major challenges facing their retrofitting to existing cement plants. A technology readiness level (TRL) scale for carbon capture in the cement industry is developed. For application at cement p ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b03508

7. Chemotaxis Increases the Residence Time of Bacteria in Granular Media Containing Distributed Contaminant Sources

Author:
Adadevoh, Joanna S. T.; Triolo, Sarah; Ramsburg, C. Andrew; Ford, Roseanne M.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 181-187
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Pseudomonas putida; bacteria; bioremediation; biotransformation; chemoattractants; chemotaxis; crystals; groundwater flow; mutants; naphthalene
Abstract:
... The use of chemotactic bacteria in bioremediation has the potential to increase access to, and the biotransformation of, contaminant mass within the subsurface. This laboratory-scale study aimed to understand and quantify the influence of chemotaxis on the residence times of pollutant-degrading bacteria within homogeneous treatment zones. Focus was placed on a continuous-flow sand-packed column in ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b03956

8. Climate Impact and Economic Feasibility of Solar Thermochemical Jet Fuel Production

Author:
Falter, Christoph; Batteiger, Valentin; Sizmann, Andreas
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 470-477
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
air; byproducts; carbon dioxide; climate; economic feasibility; economic performance; energy conversion; fuel production; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; natural gas; oxygen; power plants; production costs; solar energy; solar radiation
Abstract:
... Solar thermochemistry presents a promising option for the efficient conversion of H₂O and CO₂ into liquid hydrocarbon fuels using concentrated solar energy. To explore the potential of this fuel production pathway, the climate impact and economic performance are analyzed. Key drivers for the economic and ecological performance are thermochemical energy conversion efficiency, the level of solar irr ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b03515

9. Comparative Metabolism Studies of Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) Diastereomers in Male Rats Following a Single Oral Dose

Author:
Hakk, Heldur
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 89-96
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
dehydrogenation; diastereomers; excretion; feces; hexabromocyclododecane; males; metabolism; metabolites; oxidation; rats; stereoisomerism; tissues; urine
Abstract:
... Male Sprague–Dawley rats were dosed orally with 3 mg/kg of one of three hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereomers. Each diastereomer was well absorbed (73–83%), and distributed preferentially to lipophilic tissues. Feces were the major route of excretion; cumulatively accounting for 42% of dose for α-HBCD, 59% for ß-HBCD, and 53% for γ-HBCD. Urine was also an important route of HBCD excretion, a ...
Handle:
10113/5363094
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b04510

10. Contaminants of Emerging Concern: Mass Balance and Comparison of Wastewater Effluent and Upstream Sources in a Mixed-Use Watershed

Author:
Fairbairn, David J.; Arnold, William A.; Barber, Brian L.; Kaufenberg, Elizabeth F.; Koskinen, William C.; Novak, Paige J.; Rice, Pamela J.; Swackhamer, Deborah L.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 36-45
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
carbaryl; daidzein; drugs; hydrology; mecoprop; monitoring; personal care products; risk; spatial variation; temporal variation; trimethoprim; wastewater; wastewater treatment; watersheds; Minnesota
Abstract:
... Understanding the sources, transport, and spatiotemporal variability of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is important for understanding risks and developing monitoring and mitigation strategies. This study used mass balances to compare wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and upstream sources of 16 CECs to a mixed-use watershed in Minnesota, under different seasonal and hydrological conditions ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b03109

11. Contribution of the Antibiotic Chloramphenicol and Its Analogues as Precursors of Dichloroacetamide and Other Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water

Author:
Chu, Wenhai; Krasner, Stuart W.; Gao, Naiyun; Templeton, Michael R.; Yin, Daqiang
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 388-396
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
amino acids; byproducts; chlorination; disinfection; drinking water; effluents; florfenicol; oxidation; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm), a disinfection byproduct, has been detected in drinking water. Previous research showed that amino acids may be DCAcAm precursors. However, other precursors may be present. This study explored the contribution of the antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAP) and two of its analogues (thiamphenicol, TAP; florfenicol, FF) (referred to collectively as CAPs), which occur in wastewat ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b04856

12. Dense Nonaqueous-Phase Liquid Architecture in Fractured Bedrock: Implications for Treatment and Plume Longevity

Author:
Schaefer, Charles E.; White, Erin B.; Lavorgna, Graig M.; Annable, Michael D.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 207-213
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
bedrock; dense nonaqueous phase liquids; groundwater; longevity; models; tetrachloroethylene; tracer techniques
Abstract:
... Partitioning tracer testing was performed in discrete intervals within a fractured bedrock tetrachloroethene (PCE) dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) source area to assess the fracture flow field and DNAPL architecture. Results confirmed that the partitioning tracer testing was able to identify and quantify low levels of residual DNAPL along flow paths in hydraulically conductive fractures. DNA ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b04150

13. Development of Hot Exhaust Emission Factors for Iranian-Made Euro-2 Certified Light-Duty Vehicles

Author:
Banitalebi, Ehsan; Hosseini, Vahid
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 279-284
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
air pollution; emissions; emissions factor; energy use and consumption; highways; models; traffic
Abstract:
... Emission factors (EFs) are fundamental, necessary data for air pollution research and scenario implementation. With the vision of generating national EFs of the Iranian transportation system, a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) was used to develop the basic EFs for a statistically significant sample of Iranian gasoline-fueled privately owned light duty vehicles (LDVs) operated in Tehran. ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b05611

14. Earthworm Uptake Routes and Rates of Ionic Zn and ZnO Nanoparticles at Realistic Concentrations, Traced Using Stable Isotope Labeling

Author:
Laycock, Adam; Diez-Ortiz, Maria; Larner, Fiona; Dybowska, Agnieszka; Spurgeon, David; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia; Rehkämper, Mark; Svendsen, Claus
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 412-419
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Lumbricus rubellus; atomic absorption spectrometry; dermal exposure; earthworms; isotope labeling; mouthparts; nanoparticles; soil; stable isotopes; zinc; zinc oxide
Abstract:
... The environmental behavior of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), their availability to, uptake pathways by, and biokinetics in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus were investigated using stable isotope labeling. Zinc isotopically enriched to 99.5% in ⁶⁸Zn (⁶⁸Zn-E) was used to prepare ⁶⁸ZnO NPs and a dissolved phase of ⁶⁸Zn for comparison. These materials enabled tracing of environmentally relevant (below backg ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b03413

15. Emerging Technologies for Environmental Remediation: Integrating Data and Judgment

Author:
Bates, Matthew E.; Grieger, Khara D.; Trump, Benjamin D.; Keisler, Jeffrey M.; Plourde, Kenton J.; Linkov, Igor
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 349-358
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
expert opinion; experts; governance; industry; multi-criteria decision making; nanotechnology; professionals; remediation; researchers; risk; risk assessment; stakeholders; synthetic biology
Abstract:
... Emerging technologies present significant challenges to researchers, decision-makers, industry professionals, and other stakeholder groups due to the lack of quantitative risk, benefit, and cost data associated with their use. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) can support early decisions for emerging technologies when data is too sparse or uncertain for traditional risk assessment. It does t ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b03005

16. Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Pesticides through Interference with Human Glucocorticoid Receptor

Author:
Zhang, Jianyun; Zhang, Jing; Liu, Rui; Gan, Jay; Liu, Jing; Liu, Weiping
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 435-443
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
DDT (pesticide); agonists; antagonists; bifenthrin; cypermethrin; endocrine-disrupting chemicals; ethiofencarb; gene expression; glucocorticoid receptors; humans; lambda-cyhalothrin; luciferase; methoxychlor; molecular models; reporter genes; resmethrin; risk; screening; sex hormones; steroid hormone receptors; tolylfluanid
Abstract:
... Many pesticides have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) due to their ability to bind sex-steroid hormone receptors. However, little attention has been paid to the ability of pesticides to interfere with other steroid hormone receptors such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR) that plays a critical role in metabolic, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. In this study, the glucoc ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b03731

17. Enhanced Retention of Chemotactic Bacteria in a Pore Network with Residual NAPL Contamination

Author:
Wang, Xiaopu; Lanning, Larry M.; Ford, Roseanne M.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 165-172
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Pseudomonas putida; advection; aquifers; bacteria; bioremediation; chemotaxis; droplets; equations; groundwater; groundwater contamination; mixing; mutants; nonaqueous phase liquids; soil; toluene
Abstract:
... Nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) contaminants are difficult to eliminate from natural aquifers due, in part, to the heterogeneous structure of the soil. Chemotaxis enhances the mixing of bacteria with contaminant sources in low-permeability regions, which may not be readily accessible by advection and dispersion alone. A microfluidic device was designed to mimic heterogeneous features of a contamina ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b03872

18. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Polyester Thin Films: Real-Time Analysis of Film Mass Changes and Dissipation Dynamics

Author:
Zumstein, Michael Thomas; Kohler, Hans-Peter E.; McNeill, Kristopher; Sander, Michael
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 197-206
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Rhizopus oryzae; active sites; analytical methods; biodegradability; carboxylic ester hydrolases; enzymatic hydrolysis; hydrolysis; monitoring; pH; polyethylene terephthalates; polylactic acid; quartz; succinic acid
Abstract:
... Cleavage of ester bonds by extracellular microbial hydrolases is considered a key step during the breakdown of biodegradable polyester materials in natural and engineered systems. Here we present a novel analytical approach for simultaneous detection of changes in the masses and rigidities of polyester thin films during enzymatic hydrolysis using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation moni ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b04103

19. Episodic Impacts from California Wildfires Identified in Las Vegas Near-Road Air Quality Monitoring

Author:
Kimbrough, Sue; Hays, Michael; Preston, Bill; Vallero, Daniel A.; Hagler, Gayle S.W.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 18-24
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
air pollution; air quality; biomass; burning; carbon; carbon monoxide; emissions; highways; models; monitoring; particulates; remote sensing; smoke; summer; traffic; wildfires; wind direction; wind speed; California; Nevada
Abstract:
... Air pollutant concentrations near major highways are usually attributed to a combination of nearby traffic emissions and regional background, and generally presumed to be additive in nature. During a near-road measurement study conducted in Las Vegas, NV, the effects of distant wildfires on regional air quality were indicated over a several day period in the summer of 2009. Area-wide elevated part ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b05038

20. Experimental and Computational Evidence for the Reduction Mechanisms of Aromatic N-oxides by Aqueous FeII–Tiron Complex

Author:
Chen, Yiling; Dong, Hao; Zhang, Huichun
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2016 v.50 no.1 pp. 249-258
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
chemical bonding; electrochemistry; electron transfer; isotopes; methodology; nitrogen; pyridines; quinoline; reducing agents; solvents
Abstract:
... A combined experimental-theoretical approach was taken to elucidate the reduction mechanisms of five representative aromatic N-oxides (ANOs) by Feᴵᴵ–tiron complex and to identify the rate-limiting step. Based on the possible types of complexes formed with the reductant, three groups of ANOs were studied: type I refers to those forming 5-membered ring complexes through the N and O atoms on the side ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.5b04900