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You searched for: Journal name Environmental Science & Technology Remove constraint Journal name: Environmental Science & Technology Publication year rev 7987-2013 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 7987-2013 Source 2013 v.47 no.5 Remove constraint Source: 2013 v.47 no.5
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1. A Direct Sensitivity Approach to Predict Hourly Ozone Resulting from Compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standard

Author:
Simon Heather; Baker Kirk R.; Akhtar Farhan; Napelenok Sergey L.; Possiel Norm; Wells Benjamin; Timin Brian
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2304-2313
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
United States Environmental Protection Agency; air quality; compliance; emissions; models; nitrogen oxides; ozone; pollution; public health; risk; risk assessment; statistical analysis; volatile organic compounds
Abstract:
... In setting primary ambient air quality standards, the EPA’s responsibility under the law is to establish standards that protect public health. As part of the current review of the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), the US EPA evaluated the health exposure and risks associated with ambient ozone pollution using a statistical approach to adjust recent air quality to simulate just m ...
DOI:
10.1021/es303674e

2. Colloidal Properties of Nanoparticular Biogenic Selenium Govern Environmental Fate and Bioremediation Effectiveness

Author:
Buchs Benjamin; Evangelou Michael W. H.; Winkel Lenny H. E.; Lenz Markus
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2401-2407
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
acidity; aquatic environment; bioremediation; calcium; cations; colloidal properties; electrophoresis; environmental fate; lanthanum; models; organic matter; oxyanions; pH; protons; selenium; sodium; surface water; toxicity; zeta potential
Abstract:
... Microbial selenium (Se) bioremediation is based on conversion of water soluble, toxic Se oxyanions to water insoluble, elemental Se. Formed biogenic elemental Se is of nanometer size, hampering straightforward separation from the aqueous phase. This study represents the first systematic investigation on colloidal properties of pure biogenic Se suspensions, linking electrophoretic mobility (ζ-poten ...
DOI:
10.1021/es304940s

3. Large-Scale Solid-State Synthesis of Sn–SnO2 Nanoparticles from Layered SnO by Sunlight: a Material for Dye Degradation in Water by Photocatalytic Reaction

Author:
Sinha Arun Kumar; Pradhan Mukul; Sarkar Sougata; Pal Tarasankar
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2339-2345
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
dyes; electrons; environmental factors; mixing; nanoparticles; photolysis; sodium hydroxide; solar radiation; surface area; tin; tin dioxide; ultraviolet radiation
Abstract:
... Phase pure spherical Sn–SnO₂ nanoparticles (∼50 nm) in gram level have been synthesized from well-defined SnO microplates (∼2.0 μm) using focused solar irradiation. The first step of the reaction involves simple stirring of a strong NaOH solution with fine SnCl₂·2H₂O powder. Precipitated blue black microplates of SnO are finally transformed into high band gap Sn–SnO₂ nanoparticles with sunlight. D ...
DOI:
10.1021/es303413q

4. Molecular Transformations Accompanying the Aging of Laboratory Secondary Organic Aerosol

Author:
Hall Wiley A.; Pennington M. Ross; Johnston Murray V.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2230-2237
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
acids; aerosols; aldehydes; alpha-pinene; carbon; hydroxyl radicals; ketones; molecular weight; oxidation; ozonolysis; tandem mass spectrometry
Abstract:
... The aging of fresh secondary organic aerosol (SOA), formed in a flow tube reactor by α-pinene ozonolysis, was studied by passing the fresh SOA into a second chamber for reaction with high levels of the hydroxyl radical. Two types of experiments were performed: (1) injection of a short plug of fresh SOA into the second chamber, where the particle mass and average O/C mole ratio were measured as a f ...
DOI:
10.1021/es303891q

5. The Biotic Ligand Model Can Successfully Predict the Uptake of a Trivalent Ion by a Unicellular Alga Below pH 6.50 but not Above: Possible Role of Hydroxo-Species

Author:
Crémazy Anne; Campbell Peter G. C.; Fortin Claude
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2408-2415
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; algae; aluminum; bioavailability; dissociation; divalent metals; equations; ligands; models; pH; physiological transport; protons; radionuclides; scandium; trace elements
Abstract:
... In many reported cases, the biotic ligand model (BLM) has been shown to predict the bioavailability of divalent metals toward aquatic biota successfully. However, studies on the bioavailability of nonessential trivalent metals, including aluminum (Al), are relatively scarce. In the present study, short-term scandium (Sc) internalization fluxes (Jᵢₙₜ) were measured in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in o ...
DOI:
10.1021/es3038388

6. Thermochemical Behavior of Lead Adjusting Formation of Chlorinated Aromatics in MSW Fly Ash

Author:
Fujimori Takashi; Tanino Yuta; Takaoka Masaki
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2169-2176
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
X-ray absorption spectroscopy; aromatic compounds; catalysts; chlorination; chlorine; copper; ferric chloride; fly ash; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; iron; lead; municipal solid waste; oxidation; temperature
Abstract:
... In this study, we examined the thermochemical role of Pb in the formation of chlorinated aromatics (aromatic-Cls) in MSW fly ash at 300–400 °C, a key temperature window for maximum yield. In the presence of lead oxide alone, aromatic-Cls formation was suppressed. One of the mechanisms of suppression was partial chlorination of PbO by an inorganic chlorine source in the solid phase, based on in sit ...
DOI:
10.1021/es303663r

7. Transport and Retention of Selected Engineered Nanoparticles by Porous Media in the Presence of a Biofilm

Author:
Xiao Yao; Wiesner Mark R.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2246-2253
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Bacillus cereus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; alginates; aquatic environment; biofilm; biomass; bovine serum albumin; calcium; citrates; glass; hydrophobic bonding; hydrophobicity; nanoparticles; nanosilver; polyvinylpyrrolidone; porous media
Abstract:
... Column experiments were conducted to investigate the transport of aqueous C₆₀ (aqu-nC₆₀), fullerol, silver nanoparticles (NPs) coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ag-PVP) and stabilized by citrate (Ag-CIT) in biofilm-laden porous media. Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Gram-positive Bacillus cereus (BC) biofilm-laden glass beads were selected to represent the bacterial interfaces NPs mi ...
DOI:
10.1021/es304501n

8. A Bottom up Approach to on-Road CO2 Emissions Estimates: Improved Spatial Accuracy and Applications for Regional Planning

Author:
Gately Conor K.; Hutyra Lucy R.; Wing Ian Sue; Brondfield Max N.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2423-2430
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
carbon dioxide; databases; energy use and consumption; fossil fuels; greenhouse gas emissions; inventories; models; monitoring; people; planning; population density; regression analysis; traffic; United States
Abstract:
... On-road transportation is responsible for 28% of all U.S. fossil-fuel CO₂ emissions. Mapping vehicle emissions at regional scales is challenging due to data limitations. Existing emission inventories use spatial proxies such as population and road density to downscale national or state-level data. Such procedures introduce errors where the proxy variables and actual emissions are weakly correlated ...
DOI:
10.1021/es304238v

9. Abatement of an Aircraft Exhaust Plume Using Aerodynamic Baffles

Author:
Bennett Michael; Christie Simon M.; Graham Angus; Garry Kevin P.; Velikov Stefan; Poll D. Ian; Smith Malcolm G.; Mead M. Iqbal; Popoola Olalekan A. M.; Stewart Gregor B.; Jones Roderic L.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2346-2352
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
acoustics; aircraft; lidar; models; momentum; wind
Abstract:
... The exhaust jet from a departing commercial aircraft will eventually rise buoyantly away from the ground; given the high thrust/power (i.e., momentum/buoyancy) ratio of modern aero-engines, however, this is a slow process, perhaps requiring ∼1 min or more. Supported by theoretical and wind tunnel modeling, we have experimented with an array of aerodynamic baffles on the surface behind a set of tur ...
DOI:
10.1021/es303586x

10. Abiotic Reductive Immobilization of U(VI) by Biogenic Mackinawite

Author:
Veeramani Harish; Scheinost Andreas C.; Monsegue Niven; Qafoku NikollaP.; Kukkadapu Ravi; Newville Matt; Lanzirotti Antonio; Pruden Amy; Murayama Mitsuhiro; Hochella MichaelF.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2361-2369
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Shewanella putrefaciens; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; bioremediation; chemical reduction; electron transfer; electrons; iron; minerals; scanning electron microscopy; sulfate-reducing bacteria; sulfates; sulfides; transmission electron microscopy; uranium
Abstract:
... During subsurface bioremediation of uranium-contaminated sites, indigenous metal and sulfate-reducing bacteria may utilize a variety of electron acceptors, including ferric iron and sulfate that could lead to the formation of various biogenic minerals in situ. Sulfides, as well as structural and adsorbed Fe(II) associated with biogenic Fe(II)-sulfide phases, can potentially catalyze abiotic U(VI) ...
DOI:
10.1021/es304025x

11. Anaerobic Conversion of Chlorobenzene and Benzene to CH4 and CO2 in Bioaugmented Microcosms

Author:
Liang Xiaoming; Devine Cheryl E.; Nelson Jennifer; Sherwood Lollar Barbara; Zinder Stephen; Edwards Elizabeth A.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2378-2385
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
benzene; bioremediation; carbon; carbon dioxide; dechlorination; electrons; groundwater contamination; methane; methanogens; toxicity
Abstract:
... Chlorobenzene is a widespread groundwater contaminant found at many industrial sites. Reductive dechlorination of chlorobenzene requires input of electron donor and results in problematic accumulation of benzene, which is more toxic than chlorobenzene. We hypothesized that coupling a culture capable of reductive dechlorination of chlorobenzene to benzene with a second benzene-degrading methanogeni ...
DOI:
10.1021/es3043092

12. Control-Oriented Modeling and Real-Time Control for the Ozone Dosing Process of Drinking Water Treatment

Author:
Wang Dongsheng; Li Shihua; Zhou Xingpeng
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2197-2203
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
control methods; disinfection; drinking water; models; ozonation; ozone; process control; water flow; water quality; water treatment
Abstract:
... Ozonation is one of the most important steps during drinking water treatment. To improve the efficiency of ozonation and to stabilize the quality of the treated water, control-oriented modeling and a real-time control method for the ozone dosing process are developed in this study. Compared with existing ozonation models developed by bench-scale and pilot-scale batch experiments, the model reporte ...
DOI:
10.1021/es303408q

13. Deposition Kinetics of Quantum Dots and Polystyrene Latex Nanoparticles onto Alumina: Role of Water Chemistry and Particle Coating

Author:
Quevedo Ivan R.; Olsson Adam L. J.; Tufenkji Nathalie
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2212-2220
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
adsorption; aluminum oxide; aquatic environment; aquifers; coatings; electrolytes; filtration; humic acids; hydrochemistry; ionic strength; latex; models; monitoring; nanoparticles; polyacrylic acid; polystyrenes; potassium chloride; prediction; quantum dots; quartz; rhamnolipids; salt concentration
Abstract:
... A clear understanding of the factors controlling the deposition behavior of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), such as quantum dots (QDs), is necessary for predicting their transport and fate in natural subsurface environments and in water filtration processes. A quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) was used to study the effect of particle surface coatings and water chemis ...
DOI:
10.1021/es303392v

14. Distribution is a Major Factor Affecting Bioaccumulation of Decabrominated Diphenyl Ether: Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) as an Example

Author:
Wan Yi; Zhang Kun; Dong Zhaomin; Hu Jianying
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2279-2286
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Acipenser sinensis; absorption; animals; bioaccumulation; bioavailability; biotransformation; blood; eggs; gills; heart; intestines; lipids; liver; models; muscles; partition coefficients; pharmacokinetics; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; polychlorinated biphenyls; stomach; tissues; wildlife; Yangtze River
Abstract:
... While decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) has very low bioavailability and a rapid biotransformation rate, it exhibits high bioaccumulation in wildlife. To explore the bioaccumulation mechanism of BDE-209 in organisms, its toxicokinetic processes were investigated in Chinese sturgeons from the Yangtze River. Different from less brominated BDEs, lipids did not play an important role in the distributi ...
DOI:
10.1021/es304926r

15. Effects of Transmembrane Hydraulic Pressure on Performance of Forward Osmosis Membranes

Author:
Coday Bryan D.; Heil Dean M.; Xu Pei; Cath Tzahi Y.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2386-2393
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
cellulose; industrial applications; osmosis; osmotic pressure; polyamides; seawater; sodium chloride; solutes; thin film composite membranes; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging membrane separation process that continues to be tested and implemented in various industrial water and wastewater treatment applications. The growing interests in the technology have prompted laboratories and manufacturers to adopt standard testing methods to ensure accurate comparison of membrane performance under laboratory-controlled conditions; however, sta ...
DOI:
10.1021/es304519p

16. Emissions, Fate and Transport of Persistent Organic Pollutants to the Arctic in a Changing Global Climate

Author:
Wöhrnschimmel Henry; MacLeod Matthew; Hungerbuhler Konrad
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2323-2330
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
HCH (pesticide); agrochemicals; air; case studies; climate change; climatic factors; emissions; humans; models; persistent organic pollutants; Arctic region
Abstract:
... Climate change is expected to alter patterns of human economic activity and the associated emissions of chemicals, and also to affect the transport and fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Here, we use a global-scale multimedia chemical fate model to analyze and quantify the impact of climate change on emissions and fate of POPs, and their transport to the Arctic. First, climate change ef ...
DOI:
10.1021/es304646n

17. Episode Analysis of Deposition of Radiocesium from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident

Author:
Morino Yu; Ohara Toshimasa; Watanabe Mirai; Hayashi Seiji; Nishizawa Masato
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2314-2322
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
cesium; earthquakes; emissions; model uncertainty; model validation; models; monitoring; nuclear power; power plants; radionuclides; surveys; tsunamis; wet deposition; Japan
Abstract:
... Chemical transport models played key roles in understanding the atmospheric behaviors and deposition patterns of radioactive materials emitted from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant after the nuclear accident that accompanied the great Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011. However, model results could not be sufficiently evaluated because of limited observational data. We assess ...
DOI:
10.1021/es304620x

18. Extending Applicability of Correlation Equations to Predict Colloidal Retention in Porous Media at Low Fluid Velocity

Author:
Ma Huilian; Hradisky Michal; Johnson William P.
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2272-2278
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
equations; filtration; mass transfer; mechanistic models; porous media
Abstract:
... In this work, we analyzed causes for a recently noted shortcoming of filtration models, which is to predict collector efficiencies greater than unity under low fluid velocity conditions. For Eulerian flux approaches, both the underlying mechanistic model and the correlation equation used to export model results may contribute to this error. For particle trajectory approaches, the error results sol ...
DOI:
10.1021/es304753r

19. Field and Laboratory Tests of Flow-Proportional Passive Samplers for Determining Average Phosphorus and Nitrogen Concentration in Rivers

Author:
Jordan Philip; Cassidy Rachel; Macintosh Katrina A.; Arnscheidt Joerg
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2331-2338
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
encapsulation; laboratory experimentation; monitoring; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nutrient retention; phosphorus; rivers; samplers; storms; stream flow; watersheds
Abstract:
... Flow responsive passive samplers offer considerable potential in nutrient monitoring in catchments; bridging the gap between the intermittency of grab sampling and the high cost of automated monitoring systems. A commercially available passive sampler was evaluated in a number of river systems encapsulating a gradient in storm response, combinations of diffuse and point source pressures, and level ...
DOI:
10.1021/es304108e

20. Hydrophobic Fe-Zeolites for Removal of MTBE from Water by Combination of Adsorption and Oxidation

Author:
Gonzalez-Olmos Rafael; Kopinke Frank-Dieter; Mackenzie Katrin; Georgi Anett
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2013 v.47 no.5 pp. 2353-2360
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
adsorbents; adsorption; catalysts; catalytic activity; hydrogen peroxide; hydrophobicity; ion exchange; ions; iron; oxidation; pH; salts; screening; zeolites
Abstract:
... Several zeolites were evaluated as adsorbents for the removal of MTBE from water in a screening process. It was observed that the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio is a decisive factor for the adsorption properties, at least in the case of ZSM5 zeolites. ZSM5 zeolites with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios >200 were found to provide the best sorption properties for MTBE. To design a combined sorption/reaction method, regene ...
DOI:
10.1021/es303885y