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- Author:
- Wang, C.; Strazanac, J.; Butler, L.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 579-586
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- viral insecticides; deciduous forests; Quercus; Lymantria dispar; Baculoviridae; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki; seasonal variation; species diversity; population density; Formicidae; adverse effects; West Virginia; Virginia
- Abstract:
- ... This study is part of a long-term analysis of nontarget effects of microbial pesticide application in the George Washington (Augusta County, VA, USA) and Monongahela National Forests (Pocahontas County, WV, USA). Ants were collected using pitfall traps to assess the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner variety kurstaki (Foray 48 F) and gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Gypchek) applicati ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.579
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.579
- Author:
- Eliason, E.A.; Potter, D.A.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 551-559
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- eclosion; parasitoids; predatory insects; arthropod communities; Cynipidae; natural enemies; Quercus palustris; galls; Kentucky
- Abstract:
- ... Populations of Callirhytis cornigera (Osten Sacken) and its associated community of natural enemies and inquilines were monitored on pin oak, Quercus palustris Muenchhausen, in Lexington, KY, from 1997 to 1999. The gall wasp has alternating agamic and sexual generations that differ morphologically and develop in multichambered galls on branches and single-chambered galls on leaves, respectively. T ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.551
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.551
- Author:
- Lombardero, M.J.; Ayres, M.P.; Ayres, B.D.; Reeve, J.D.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 421-432
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- freezing; geographical distribution; overwintering; lipid content; interspecific variation; Ips grandicollis; ambient temperature; acclimation; lipids; Dendroctonus frontalis; seasonal variation; supercooling point; nutrient reserves; cold tolerance; mortality; Ips pini; New Hampshire; Alabama; Louisiana; Wisconsin
- Abstract:
- ... We investigated the overwintering biology of four temperate-latitude bark beetles: Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, Ips pini (Say), I. grandicollis (Eichhoff), and I. perroti Swaine. All four species were freeze-susceptible. However, there was variation within and among species in overwintering biology that related to their geographic distribution. D. frontalis and southern populations of I. gra ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.421
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.421
- Author:
- Davis, A.J.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 467-475
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- logging; Coleoptera; tropical rain forests; environmental impact; dung beetles; indicator species; edge effects; species diversity; insect communities; Borneo
- Abstract:
- ... The role of reduced-impact logging on the preservation of biodiversity in tropical lowland dipterocarp rainforest is examined by looking at differences in dung beetle community structure between two sites logged in 1993: one harvested using reduced-impact methods and one using conventional techniques. Collections were made using two flight intercept traps over 7 d, and samples were compared with p ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.467
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.467
- Author:
- Fournier, V.; Brodeur, J.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 568-578
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- azadirachtin; dose response; Nasonovia ribisnigri; Lactuca sativa; Myzus persicae; Macrosiphum euphorbiae; botanical insecticides; population density; neem extracts; soaps; toxicity; insect control; mortality; Lecanicillium lecanii
- Abstract:
- ... The objective of our research was to identify alternatives to synthetic pesticide treatments to prevent aphid outbreaks in greenhouse lettuce crops. In the laboratory, we determined the susceptibility of three lettuce-infesting aphid species, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley), to the hyphomycete Verticillium lecanii (Viegas) (strain Vertale ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.568
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.568
- Author:
- Fantinou, A.A.; Kagkou, E.A.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 489-494
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- periodicity; scotophase; diapause; duration; Sesamia nonagrioides; larvae
- Abstract:
- ... We have been studying the factors that control larval diapause of Sesamia nonagrioides (Levebvre), a multivolitine pest of corn, Zea mays L., in the Mediterranean. The effect of various combinations of photoperiod and temperature on the induction of larval diapause of S. nonagrioides was examined. Short daylengths (8-12 h) were the main factor inducing diapause in this species, whereas high temper ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.489
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.489
- Author:
- Cloyd, R.A.; Sadof, C.S.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 535-541
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- parasitism; parasitoids; Leptomastix dactylopii; biological control agents; host-parasite relationships; host plants; leaf area; height; Planococcus citri; population density; host seeking; branches; leaves
- Abstract:
- ... Attack rates of the parasitoid Leptomastix dactylopii (Howard) were examined in petri dishes and on caged plants that varied in architectural characteristics. Individual female parasitoids were placed into petri dishes containing a range of densities of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso). Green and yellow-variegated coleus, solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd, were used to determine ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.535
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.535
- Author:
- Garcia-Salazar, C.; Gildow, F.E.; Fleischer, S.J.; Cox-Foster, D.; Lukezic, F.L.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 542-550
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Acalymma vittatum; Erwinia tracheiphila; detection; bacterial antigens; immunohistochemistry; electron microscopy; digestive tract; temporal variation; disease vectors; Cucumis sativus; Cucurbita; bacterial wilt; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Abstract:
- ... DAS-ELISA, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were used to investigate the association of the causal agent of bacterial wilt, Erwinia tracheiphila (Smith), within the beetle Acalymma vittatum (F.). After a 24-h acquisition period, a high percentage of individuals tested positive for E. tracheiphila antigen using both immunohistochemistry (100%) and DAS-ELISA (70-60%). Both assays showed ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.542
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.542
- Author:
- Aukema, B.H.; Dahlsten, D.L.; Raffa, K.F.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 651-660
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- interspecific variation; enantiomers; kairomones; Platysoma; trapping; biological control agents; predators; pheromone traps; Pinus strobus; Pinus resinosa; forest plantations; Thanasimus dubius; Ips pini; Wisconsin
- Abstract:
- ... Mass-trapping using semiochemical lures is a potentially useful control measure against bark beetle pests. A serious problem, however, is the inadvertent removal of predators that respond to these baits as kairomones. Ips pini (Say) infests hard pines in the western, Great Lakes, and eastern forests of North America. In Wisconsin, I. pini responds primarily to 50 (+)/50(-) and 75(+)/25(-) blends o ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.651
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.651
- Author:
- Erelli, M.C.; Elkinton, J.S.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 509-515
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Lymantria dispar; larvae; maternal effect; population density; air temperature; ova; cooling; host plants; Quercus velutina; leaves; Massachusetts
- Abstract:
- ... We studied the effects of date of hatch, maternal population quality, larval density, air temperature, and host foliage on the dispersal of neonate gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.), under field conditions. Larval dispersal significantly increased with date by nearly fourfold, but neither maternal population quality nor crowding had a significant effect on dispersal activity. Neither variation in ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.509
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.509
- Author:
- Wallace, M.S.; Hain, F.P.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 638-644
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Tsuga caroliniana; surveys; predators; Adelges tsugae; population density; predation; natural enemies; mortality; predator-prey relationships; Virginia; North Carolina
- Abstract:
- ... There has been little research conducted on the effects of native or established predators on populations of the hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand. This study used field surveys and cage exclusion experiments to examine the relationship between established predators and A. tsugae in the southeastern United States. Predators were collected in very low densities in both years. Harmonia a ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.638
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.638
- Author:
- Setamou, M.; Schulthess, F.; Gounou, S.; Poehling, H.M.; Borgemeister, C.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 516-524
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- geographical distribution; host range; boring insects; wild plants; host plants; fruiting; agroecological zones; seasonal variation; Pyralidae; population density; population dynamics; crops; Benin
- Abstract:
- ... The ear borer Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot is a polyphagous insect pest that feeds on various cultivated and wild plants. Surveys in four agro-ecological zones of Benin, conducted between 1993 and 1997, revealed approximately 20 plant species from 11 plant families hosting the borer, but only 13 host plants enable the borer to develop to the pupal stage. Whereas, a maize crop usually supports one ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.516
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.516
- Author:
- Aukema, B.H.; Dahlsten, D.L.; Raffa, K.F.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 618-629
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- interspecific variation; enantiomers; Platysoma; monitoring; biological control agents; predators; population density; Pinus resinosa; forest plantations; pheromones; predator-prey relationships; Wisconsin
- Abstract:
- ... Estimating populations of both pest and natural enemy species is important in the planning and implementation of biological control. For example, synthetic pheromone lures are used to sample bark beetles, and sometimes their predators, in forest ecosystems. However, insect attraction to natural pheromone sources may differ from attraction to synthetic pheromone lures. Moreover, these differences m ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.618
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.618
- Author:
- Darnell, S.J.; Meinke, L.J.; Young, L.J.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 587-595
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; population dynamics; population density; spatial distribution; eclosion; Zea mays; phenology; planting date; regression analysis; Nebraska
- Abstract:
- ... Field studies were designed to more clearly determine how adult western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, population distribution patterns are altered over time by changes and contrasts in corn (Zea mays L.) plant phenology using whole-plant beetle counts as the sampling tool. In 1994, studies were conducted in a model system consisting of a late-planted corn strip placed in t ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.587
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.587
- Author:
- Wallin, K.F.; Raffa, K.F.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 442-453
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- beta-pinene; breeding sites; host plants; alpha-pinene; lipids; limonene; water content; host seeking; semiochemicals
- Abstract:
- ... A series of bioassays were performed to evaluate the effects of host tree monoterpenes on initial entry, within-tissue orientation, and gallery construction by the bark beetle Ips pini (Say). Monoterpenes at concentrations present in host trees affected all stages of postlanding host acceptance behavior. However, the effects of each monoterpene varied with the particular stage of the orientation s ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.442
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.442
- Author:
- Shannag, H.K.; Capinera, J.L.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 612-617
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- eclosion; parasitism; parasitoids; entomopathogenic nematodes; biological control agents; host-parasite relationships; age; Cardiochiles; Steinernema carpocapsae
- Abstract:
- ... Entomopathogenic nematodes are generally considered beneficial organisms. However, they can affect beneficial insects such as parasitoids. The infectivity of Steinernema carpocapsae (Mexican strain) to Cardiochiles diaphaniae Marsh, a solitary internal wasp parasitoid of melonworm, Diaphania hyalinata (L.), and pickleworm, D. nitidalis (Stoll), was determined under laboratory conditions. S. carpoc ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.612
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.612
- Author:
- Xue, R.D.; Barnard, D.R.; Ali, A.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 437
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Moina; Toxorhynchites amboinensis; Chironomus decorus; oviposition deterrents; deet; toxicity; mortality; Aedes albopictus; insect control; nontarget organisms; application rate; adverse effects; aquatic invertebrates
- Abstract:
- ... Toxicity of three mosquito oviposition repellents, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (AI3-22542 or deet), AI3-35765, and AI3-37220 to 6 aquatic nontarget invertebrates, was evaluated in the laboratory. The 24-h LC50 values for Cypricercus sp. (Ostracoda), Moina sp. (Cladocera), Eucyclops agilis Koch (Copepoda), Strelkovimermis spiculatus Poinar & Camino (Nematoda), first-and fourth-instar Toxorhynchit ...
- Handle:
- 10113/36410
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.437
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.437
- Author:
- Erelli, M.C.; Elkinton, J.S.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 476-488
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Lymantria dispar; population dynamics; maternal effect; animal nutrition; mortality; biological development; fecundity; sex ratio; Massachusetts
- Abstract:
- ... Previous studies have postulated that the quality of resources that female gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L), allocate to their eggs may affect the growth, development, and population dynamics of larvae in subsequent generations. To test this hypothesis, we collected eggs from food stressed and unstressed populations and measured critical life history parameters (e.g., dispersal, growth rate, mort ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.476
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.476
- Author:
- Cory, J.S.; Hirst, M.L.; Sterling, P.H.; Speight, M.R.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 661-667
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- host range; viral insecticides; Euproctis chrysorrhoea; Baculoviridae; biological control agents; cross infection; nontarget organisms; adverse effects; biological control
- Abstract:
- ... The browntail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.), is periodically a major urban pest in the southern United Kingdom. High populations cause severe defoliation of a range of host plants, often in urban areas; and urticating hairs of larvae are highly irritating to humans. Control of outbreak populations is therefore desired. As an alternative to chemical insecticide sprays and labor intensive nest r ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.661
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.661
- Author:
- Nowierski, R.M.; Fitzgerald, B.C.; McDermott, G.J.; Story, J.M.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 2000 v.29 no.3 pp. 403-412
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Urophora affinis; larvae; Urophora quadrifasciata; overwintering; mortality; freezing; ambient temperature; cold tolerance; interspecific competition; intraspecific competition; population density; galls; Centaurea diffusa; biological control agents; biological control; weed control; Montana
- Abstract:
- ... The overwintering survival of Urophora affinis Frauenfeld and U. quadrifasciata (Meigen) was examined in a 5-yr (1989-1993), multiple-site field study in western Montana. These two tephritid fly species are introduced biological control agents of spotted knapweed, Centaurea maculosa Lamarck, and diffuse knapweed, Centaurea diffusa Lamarck. Significant differences in overwintering mortality of U. a ...
- DOI:
- 10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.403
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-29.3.403