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- Author:
- Norton, A.P.; Welter, S.C.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1406-1414
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- temporal variation; parasitism; parasitoids; Fragaria ananassa; biological control agents; crop damage; Anaphes; population density; Lygus hesperus; biological control; California
- Abstract:
- ... The impact of repeated releases of Anaphes iole (Girault) on the development of Lygus hesperus Knight populations and fruit damage in commercial strawberry fields was evaluated. Following the release of 37,000 parasitoids per hectare, 50% of L hesperus eggs were parasitized. Parasitism levels declined rapidly; after 96 h, parasitism levels had declined to an average of only 3.5% in these plots. A ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1406
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1406
- Author:
- Yee, W.L.; Toscano, N.C.; Chu, C.C.; Henneberry, T.J.; Nichols, R.L.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1267-1273
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Gossypium hirsutum; Bemisia argentifolii; insecticides; chemical control; insect control; population density; photosynthesis; leaf conductance; stomata; stomatal conductance; economic threshold; California
- Abstract:
- ... Action thresholds for whiteflies Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, are being developed to determine the whitefly densities at which cotton should be treated with insecticides to prevent lint yield losses. However, the effects action threshold treatments have on cotton photosynthesis have not been determined. Changes in the photosynthetic rate of cotton can be us ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1267
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1267
- Author:
- Parkman, J.P.; Frank, J.H.; Walker, T.J.; Schuster, D.J.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1415-1420
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- parasitism; parasitoids; entomopathogenic nematodes; Scapteriscus borellii; biological control agents; Tachinidae; Scapteriscus vicinus; population density; Steinernema; natural enemies; biological control; Florida
- Abstract:
- ... The effects of classical biological control on pest mole crickets, Scapteriscus spp., in Florida were examined. Incidence of infection of sound-trapped Scapteriscus spp. by the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema scapterisci Nguyen & Smart ranged from 0 to 45.3% for collections made near Gainesville and Bradenton during 1991, 1992, and 1994. Twelve of 49 mole cricket collections from 15 counties ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1415
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1415
- Author:
- Shapiro, D.I.; Glazer, I.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1455-1461
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; entomopathogenic nematodes; hosts; biological control agents; suspensions; soil treatment; Steinernema carpocapsae
- Abstract:
- ... Dispersal of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (HP88 strain) and Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) (All strain) was measured when nematodes were applied to sand either in Galleria Mellonella (L.) cadavers or in aqueous suspension. Dispersal ability was estimated as the percentage of nematodes that migrated through sand or from sand onto an agar surface. Results of ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1455
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1455
- Author:
- Shorey, H.H.; Gerber, R.G.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1401-1405
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Spodoptera exigua; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; mating disruption; sex pheromones; oviposition; dispensers; emissions; California
- Abstract:
- ... Puffer machines were designed for the release at 30-min intervals of puffs of a 2-component pheromone blend of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), from pressurized canisters. Pheromone components were (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecenol in a 9:1 ratio. The amount of communication disruption attributable to the resulting pheromone permeation of the air above puffer- ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1401
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1401
- Author:
- Hu, G.Y.; Frank, J.H.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1290-1296
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- dung beetles; hydramethylnon; Solenopsis invicta; adverse effects; cattle manure; predators; Haematobia irritans; predation; population density; natural enemies; mortality; insect control; Florida
- Abstract:
- ... The effect of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, on the horn fly, Haematobia irritans L., and other arthropods associated with cowdung was evaluated in northcentral Florida pastures from August to November 1992 and 1993. Workers of S. invicta were found to infest fresh cowpats heavily and prey on horn fly larvae, pupae, and newly emerged adults. After the fire ant populations wer ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1290
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1290
- Author:
- Fantinou, A.A.; Tsitsipis, J.A.; Karandinos, M.G.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1337-1343
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Sesamia nonagrioides; biological development; duration; photoperiod; diapause; larvae; pupae; mortality; body weight; pupation; width
- Abstract:
- ... The effects of 2 photoperiods, a diapause-inducing (10:14 [L:D] h) and a nondiapause inducing one (16:8 [L:D] h) at 25 degrees C on the growth and development of larvae of the corn stalk borer, Sesamia nonagrioides, were investigated. Under a long-day photoperiod, larvae completed their development and pupated after 6 molts, whereas under a diapause-inducing short-day photoperiod, several addition ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1337
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1337
- Author:
- Prophetou-Athanasiadou, D.A.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1297-1303
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Euphyllura; Phillyrea latifolia; Olea europaea; ova; spatial distribution; buds; inflorescences; oviposition; temporal variation; Greece
- Abstract:
- ... Egg distribution patterns of Euphyllura phillyreae Foerster among buds and inflorescences of olives and Phillyrea latifolia L. (Phillyrea media L.), a perennial, bushy, evergreen plant that blooms from March to May, were quantified in the field and in the laboratory. In the field, the 1st eggs on olive were observed in early April in 1989 and 1990 on developed buds. Eggs became abundant only when ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1297
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1297
- Author:
- Legaspi, J.C.; Legaspi, B.C. Jr.; Meagher, R.K. Jr.; Ciomperlik, M.A.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1421-1427
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Bemisia argentifolii; biological control agents; prediction; feeding preferences; predator-prey relationships; Helicoverpa zea; Manduca sexta; ova; longevity; mortality; ambient temperature; predators; host plants; plant pests
- Abstract:
- ... The coccinellid predator from India, Serangium parcesetosum Sicard, was studied as a potential biological control agent of the silverleaf whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring [also known as the sweetpotato whitefly B. tabaci (Gennadius) Biotype B]. Studies were performed on prey preference, and effects of host plant on predation. and temperature on life-history and predation rates. In o ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1421
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1421
- Author:
- Alm, S.R.; Yeh, T.; Dawson, C.G.; Klein, M.G.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1274-1278
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Popillia japonica; pheromone traps; height; dispensers; Rhode Island
- Abstract:
- ... Evaluation of trapped beetle repellency, various trap heights, and a string pheromone dispenser were tested on 2 golf courses for capture of Japanese beetle, Popillia Japonica Newman, adults. Beetle captures increased significantly when trapped beetles were removed daily from traps. No significant differences in captures were found among traps with 121-, 18.9-, or 7.6-liter collection containers, ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1274
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1274
- Author:
- Wagner, D.L.; Peacock, J.W.; Carter, J.L.; Talley, S.E.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1444-1454
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- sampling; Lepidoptera; biological control agents; bacterial insecticides; Bacillus thuringiensis; species diversity; larvae; nontarget organisms; adverse effects; Virginia
- Abstract:
- ... Nontarget effects of a single aerial application of Bacillus thuringiensis at 90 BIU/ha were studied on native Lepidoptera in west central Virginia in 1992 (treatment year) and in 1993 and 1994 (recovery years). Overall caterpillar abundance was lower on foliage collections from sprayed plots, but differences were modest and mostly not significant. Nineteen of 20 common species from foliage decrea ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1444
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1444
- Author:
- Siemens, D.H.; Mitchell-Olds, T.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1344-1353
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Phyllotreta cruciferae; Plenodomus lingam; chemical constituents of plants; herbivores; Plutella xylostella; plant pathogenic fungi; mechanical damage; induced resistance; Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera; pest resistance; glucosinolates
- Abstract:
- ... Varied responses by specialist herbivores to glucosinolates could be a function of glucosinolate concentration or other correlated resistance factors. Herbivory by the specialist flea beetle Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) varied curvilinearly with natural levels of glucosinolates in Brassica rapa (syn. campestris) (L.) such that maximum herbivory occ ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1344
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1344
- Author:
- Jyoti, J.L. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR.; Young, S.Y.; Johnson, D.T.; McNew, R.W.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1438-1443
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Helicoverpa zea; Gossypium hirsutum; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki; larvae; spatial distribution; feeding behavior; leaves; leaf area; food intake; mortality; biological control agents; application rate
- Abstract:
- ... A commercial formulation of Bacillis thuringiensis variety kurstaki Berliner (Javelin) was evaluated 2 days after application at 0.025, 0.1, and 0.5 kg/ha to cotton leaves and terminals for its effect on location, mortality, and leaf area consumption of exposed bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), larvae. On leaves held in paper cups the percentage of larvae in the control was typically higher on t ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1438
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1438
- Author:
- Summers, C.G.; Newton, A.S. Jr.; Estrada, D.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1360-1364
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Bemisia argentifolii; larvae; Brassica oleracea var. botrytis; Sonchus oleraceus; Lactuca serriola; Malva parviflora; stems; leaves; food plants
- Abstract:
- ... Whitefly crawlers are thought to move only a few millimeters after eclosing from the egg before settling to feed. In the field, however, we observed that crawlers of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring appeared to move from senescent leaves on which they hatched to new leaves higher up on the plant. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine if crawlers were capable of moving upward to leav ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1360
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1360
- Author:
- Skinner, R.H.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1371-1375
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- temperature profiles; oviposition; Cucumis sativus; Gossypium hirsutum; Bemisia argentifolii; leaves
- Abstract:
- ... Little is known about high temperature thresholds for the whitefly Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, which thrives during the hot summers common to the southwestern deserts of the United States. This study addressed 3 questions relating to B. argentifolii thermal responses. (1) What are the maximum, optimum, and minimum leaf temperatures for oviposition rate? (2) Is the optimum temperature f ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1371
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1371
- Author:
- Follett, P.A.; Cantelo, W.W.; Roderick, G.K.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1304-1311
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Leptinotarsa decemlineata; overwintering; host seeking; Solanum tuberosum; crop rotation; mark-recapture studies; Maryland
- Abstract:
- ... Three mark-recapture experiments were conducted to determine patterns of movement in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), over an agricultural landscape in Maryland. In the 1st experiment, beetles were released from a central point and recaptured 5-20 d afterward in potato trap fields extending outward in 4 compass directions to a maximum distance of 0.65 km. Approximately ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1304
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1304
- Author:
- Hagstrum, D.W.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1354-1359
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- water content; Rhyzopertha dominica; winter wheat; population growth; equations; simulation models; temperature; population density; oviposition; biological development; duration; mortality; monitoring; prediction; storage pests
- Abstract:
- ... Population growth of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), in 135-kg lots of hard red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., was monitored at 3 grain moisture levels (approximately 10, 12, and 14%) at each of 3 temperatures (approximately 22, 27, and 32 degrees C). Over this range of environmental conditions, a published population growth model explained 64-96% of the variation in insect den ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1354
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1354
- Author:
- Dial, R.; Roughgarden, J.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1325-1328
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Anolis; Sarcophagidae; parasitoids; larvae; parasitism; rain forests; canopy; Puerto Rico
- Abstract:
- ... We provide some natural history observations on larval biology and ecology of the sarcophagid fly Anolisomyia rufianalis Lopes from Puerto Rico. We found larvae lethally parasitize 2 syntopic species of Anolis lizards (Lacertillia: Polychridae) living in the canopy of a Puerto Rican rain forest. Of approximately 50 individuals of each lizard species sampled, we found 3 of the green, unspotted A. e ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1325
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1325
- Author:
- Kido, M.H.; Asquith, A.; Vargas, R.I.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1279-1289
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Bactrocera dorsalis; methyl eugenol; insect traps; insect control; nontarget organisms; aquatic insects; Psidium guajava; host plants; streams; habitats; adverse effects; Hawaii
- Abstract:
- ... This study set out to identify insect species associated with the riparian habitat of Hawaiian streams that were susceptible to deployment of the plant kairomone, methyl eugenol, used in male annihilation of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Sixteen nontarget insect species (13 Diptera and 3 Coleoptera) were found to be attracted to methyl eugenol traps deployed in riparian hab ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1279
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1279
- Author:
- Sachs, E.S.; Benedict, J.H.; Taylor, J.F.; Stelly, D.M.; Davis, S.K.; Altman, D.W.
- Source:
- Environmental entomology 1996 v.25 no.6 pp. 1257-1266
- ISSN:
- 0046-225X
- Subject:
- Gossypium hirsutum; Heliothis virescens; transgenic plants; genetic transformation; crystal proteins; endotoxins; genes; terpenoids; toxicity; larvae; mortality; crop damage; resistance management; pest resistance; insecticide resistance; chemical constituents of plants
- Abstract:
- ... The development of insect resistance to CryIA insecticidal proteins expressed in transgenic cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L, is likely to occur quickly following commercialization, unless strategies are implemented to delay pest adaptation. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of pyramiding (i.e., combining 2 or more resistance traits in the same plant) the transgenic CryIA(b) insectici ...
- DOI:
- 10.1093/ee/25.6.1257
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/25.6.1257