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You searched for: Journal Environmental pollution Remove constraint Journal: Environmental pollution Publication Year 2013 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2013 Source 2013 v.183 Remove constraint Source: 2013 v.183
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1. A cohort study of intra-urban variations in volatile organic compounds and mortality, Toronto, Canada

Author:
Villeneuve, Paul J.; Jerrett, Michael; Su, Jason; Burnett, Richard T.; Chen, Hong; Brook, Jeffrey; Wheeler, Amanda J.; Cakmak, Sabit; Goldberg, Mark S.
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 30-39
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
benzene; chronic exposure; cohort studies; death; land use; models; mortality; nitrogen dioxide; regression analysis; volatile organic compounds; Canada
Abstract:
... This study investigated associations between long-term exposure to ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and mortality. 58,760 Toronto residents (≥35 years of age) were selected from tax filings and followed from 1982 to 2004. Death information was extracted using record linkage to national mortality data. Land-use regression surfaces for benzene, n-hexane, and total hydrocarbons were generate ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2012.12.022
PubMed:
23369806

2. A novel approach for investigating the trends in nitrogen dioxide levels in UK cities

Author:
Bell, Margaret Carol; Galatioto, Fabio; Chakravartty, Ayan; Namdeo, Anil
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 184-194
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
air pollution; air quality; cities; nitrogen dioxide; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... This paper investigates the variations in levels of nitrogen dioxide, NO2, monitored over the decade 2001–2010, in Newcastle-upon-Tyne (UK) city centre, to develop fundamental understanding of the periods of persistence of levels of NO2 greater than 40 μg m−3 (∼21 ppb) defined as air pollution event duration. The appropriateness of the hazard theory as a mechanism to understand failure rate of the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.039
PubMed:
23608521

3. BaP (PAH) air quality modelling exercise over Zaragoza (Spain) using an adapted version of WRF-CMAQ model

Author:
San José, Roberto; Pérez, Juan Luis; Callén, María Soledad; López, José Manuel; Mastral, Ana
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 151-158
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
European Union; aerosols; air quality; carcinogenicity; models; mutagenicity; ozone; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Spain
Abstract:
... Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is one of the most dangerous PAH due to its high carcinogenic and mutagenic character. Because of this reason, the Directive 2004/107/CE of the European Union establishes a target value of 1 ng/m3 of BaP in the atmosphere.In this paper, the main aim is to estimate the BaP concentrations in the atmosphere by using last generation of air quality dispersion models with the inclus ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.025
PubMed:
23591205

4. Biogenic volatile organic compounds from the urban forest of the Metropolitan Region, Chile

Author:
Préndez, Margarita; Carvajal, Virginia; Corada, Karina; Morales, Johanna; Alarcón, Francis; Peralta, Hugo
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 143-150
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
desorption; emissions factor; forests; indigenous species; introduced species; nitrogen oxides; ozone; pollution; reforestation; spring; summer; terpenoids; trees; troposphere; volatile organic compounds; Chile
Abstract:
... Tropospheric ozone is a secondary pollutant whose primary sources are volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. The national standard is exceeded on a third of summer days in some areas of the Chilean Metropolitan Region (MR). This study reports normalized springtime experimental emissions factors (EF) for biogenic volatile organic compounds from tree species corresponding to approximately 3 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.003
PubMed:
23639471

5. Comparison of leaf saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM) with anatomical, morphological and physiological tree leaf characteristics for assessing urban habitat quality

Author:
Kardel, Fatemeh; Wuyts, Karen; Khavaninzhadeh, Ali Reza; Wuytack, Tatiana; Babanezhad, Manoochehr; Samson, Roeland
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 96-103
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
air; chlorophyll; fluorescence; habitats; land use; leaf area; leaves; particulates; pollutants; traffic; trees; Belgium
Abstract:
... Leaf saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM) is known as a good proxy of atmospheric, traffic related particulate matter (PM) concentration. In this study, we compared leaf SIRM with Leaf area (LA), leaf dry weight (LDW), specific leaf area (SLA), stomatal density (SD), relative chlorophyll content (RCC), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm and PI) for three urban tree types in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.030
PubMed:
23266296

6. Does urban vegetation mitigate air pollution in northern conditions?

Author:
Setälä, Heikki; Viippola, Viljami; Rantalainen, Anna-Lea; Pennanen, Arto; Yli-Pelkonen, Vesa
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 104-112
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
air; air pollution; air quality; canopy; cities; environmental factors; forests; growing season; leaves; nitrogen dioxide; pollutants; samplers; summer; trees; understory; volatile organic compounds; winter
Abstract:
... It is generally accepted that urban vegetation improves air quality and thereby enhances the well-being of citizens. However, empirical evidence on the potential of urban trees to mitigate air pollution is meager, particularly in northern climates with a short growing season. We studied the ability of urban park/forest vegetation to remove air pollutants (NO2, anthropogenic VOCs and particle depos ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.010
PubMed:
23274234

7. Effect of substrate depth and rain-event history on the pollutant abatement of green roofs

Author:
Seidl, Martin; Gromaire, Marie-Christine; Saad, Mohamed; De Gouvello, Bernard
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 195-203
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
carbon; carbon sinks; copper; green roofs; heavy metals; phosphorus; pollutants; rain; runoff; weathering; zinc
Abstract:
... This study compares the effectiveness of two different thickness of green roof substrate with respect to nutrient and heavy metal retention and release. To understand and evaluate the long term behaviour of green roofs, substrate columns with the same structure and composition as the green roofs, were exposed in laboratory to artificial rain. The roofs act as a sink for C, N, P, zinc and copper fo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.026
PubMed:
23773321

8. Effects of species-specific leaf characteristics and reduced water availability on fine particle capture efficiency of trees

Author:
Räsänen, Janne V.; Holopainen, Toini; Joutsensaari, Jorma; Ndam, Collins; Pasanen, Pertti; Rinnan, Åsmund; Kivimäenpää, Minna
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 64-70
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
Betula pendula; Betula pubescens; Pinus sylvestris; Tilia; air quality; conifers; drought; leaves; physiology; sodium chloride; soil; trees; wettability; wind tunnels
Abstract:
... Trees can improve air quality by capturing particles in their foliage. We determined the particle capture efficiencies of coniferous Pinus sylvestris and three broadleaved species: Betula pendula, Betula pubescens and Tilia vulgaris in a wind tunnel using NaCl particles. The importance of leaf surface structure, physiology and moderate soil drought on the particle capture efficiencies of the trees ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.015
PubMed:
23735814

9. Holm Oak (Quercus ilex L.) canopy as interceptor of airborne trace elements and their accumulation in the litter and topsoil

Author:
Fantozzi, Federica; Monaci, Fabrizio; Blanusa, Tijana; Bargagli, Roberto
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 89-95
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
Quercus ilex; cadmium; canopy; copper; ecosystems; environmental fate; lead; leaves; organic matter; stemflow; surveys; topsoil; tree crown; trees; zinc
Abstract:
... We investigated the role of urban Holm Oak (Quercus ilex L.) trees as an airborne metal accumulators and metals' environmental fate. Analyses confirmed Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn as a main contaminants in Siena's urban environment; only Pb concentrations decreased significantly compared to earlier surveys. Additionally, we determined chemical composition of tree leaves, litter and topsoil (underneath/outsi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.037
PubMed:
23269369

10. Identifying potential sources of variability between vegetation carbon storage estimates for urban areas

Author:
Davies, Zoe G.; Dallimer, Martin; Edmondson, Jill L.; Leake, Jonathan R.; Gaston, Kevin J.
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 133-142
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
carbon; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; cities; ecosystem services; ecosystems; land use change; researchers; surveys; towns; urban areas; urbanization; vegetation
Abstract:
... Although urbanisation is a major cause of land-use change worldwide, towns and cities remain relatively understudied ecosystems. Research into urban ecosystem service provision is still an emerging field, yet evidence is accumulating rapidly to suggest that the biological carbon stores in cities are more substantial than previously assumed. However, as more vegetation carbon densities are derived, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.005
PubMed:
23906971

11. Improving local air quality in cities: To tree or not to tree?

Author:
Vos, Peter E.J.; Maiheu, Bino; Vankerkom, Jean; Janssen, Stijn
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 113-122
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
air pollution; air quality; cities; models; pollutants; traffic; trees; uncertainty; vegetation types
Abstract:
... Vegetation is often quoted as an effective measure to mitigate urban air quality problems. In this work we demonstrate by the use of computer models that the air quality effect of urban vegetation is more complex than implied by such general assumptions. By modelling a variety of real-life examples we show that roadside urban vegetation rather leads to increased pollutant concentrations than it im ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2012.10.021
PubMed:
23194646

12. Interactive short-term effects of equivalent temperature and air pollution on human mortality in Berlin and Lisbon

Author:
Burkart, Katrin; Canário, Paulo; Breitner, Susanne; Schneider, Alexandra; Scherber, Katharina; Andrade, Henrique; Alcoforado, Maria João; Endlicher, Wilfried
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 54-63
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
air; air pollution; air temperature; cold; heat; humans; models; mortality; ozone; particulates; pollutants; pollution control; regression analysis; risk; Germany; Portugal
Abstract:
... There is substantial evidence that both temperature and air pollution are predictors of mortality. Thus far, few studies have focused on the potential interactive effects between the thermal environment and different measures of air pollution. Such interactions, however, are biologically plausible, as (extreme) temperature or increased air pollution might make individuals more susceptible to the e ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.002
PubMed:
23941745

13. Methodology for setup and data processing of mobile air quality measurements to assess the spatial variability of concentrations in urban environments

Author:
Van Poppel, Martine; Peters, Jan; Bleux, Nico
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 224-233
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
air quality; case studies; data collection; monitoring; pollutants; traffic
Abstract:
... A case study is presented to illustrate a methodology for mobile monitoring in urban environments. A dataset of UFP, PM2.5 and BC concentrations was collected. We showed that repeated mobile measurements could give insight in spatial variability of pollutants at different micro-environments in a city. Streets of contrasting traffic intensity showed increased concentrations by a factor 2–3 for UFP ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.020
PubMed:
23545013

14. Nature and sources of particle associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the atmospheric environment of an urban area

Author:
Callén, M.S.; López, J.M.; Iturmendi, A.; Mastral, A.M.
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 166-174
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
cluster analysis; coal; cold season; combustion; emissions; gasoline; human health; models; paper; particulates; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; relative humidity; risk; temperature; urban areas; wind speed; winter; Spain
Abstract:
... The total PAH associated to the airborne particulate matter (PM10) was apportioned by one receptor model based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) in an urban environment (Zaragoza city, Spain) during February 2010–January 2011. Four sources associated with coal combustion, gasoline, vehicular and stationary emissions were identified, allowing a good modelling of the total PAH (R2 = 0.99). A se ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.009
PubMed:
23245526

15. Novel biospectroscopy sensor technologies towards environmental health monitoring in urban environments

Author:
Obinaju, Blessing E.; Martin, Francis L.
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 46-53
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
Raman spectroscopy; cell biology; data collection; environmental health; humans; infrared spectroscopy; monitoring
Abstract:
... Biospectroscopy is an emerging inter-disciplinary field that exploits the application of sensor technologies [e.g., Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy] to lend novel insights into biological questions. Methods involved are relatively non-destructive so samples can subsequently be analysed by more conventional approaches, facilitating deeper mechanistic insights. Fingerprin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2012.11.011
PubMed:
23257285

16. Phytoremediative urban design: Transforming a derelict and polluted harbour area into a green and productive neighbourhood

Author:
Wilschut, M.; Theuws, P.A.W.; Duchhart, I.
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 81-88
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
Noccaea caerulescens; Thlaspi; biomass production; case studies; experimental design; heavy metals; landfills; landscapes; phytoremediation; polluted soils; social benefit; soil remediation; urban areas; urban development; zinc
Abstract:
... Many urban areas are polluted by industrial activities and waste disposal in landfills. Since conventional soil remediation techniques are costly and unsustainable, phytoremediation might offer an alternative. In this article, we explore how phytoremediation can be integrated into the transformation of urban post-industrial areas, while improving public space. Buiksloterham, a polluted and deprive ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.033
PubMed:
23452757

17. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulates emitted by motorcycles

Author:
Pham, Chau Thuy; Kameda, Takayuki; Toriba, Akira; Hayakawa, Kazuichi
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 175-183
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
anthracenes; automobiles; carbon dioxide; carcinogenicity; correlation; emissions; mutagenicity; particulates; pollutants
Abstract:
... We determined eleven PAHs and four NPAHs in particulates and regulated pollutants (CO, CO2, HC, NOx, PM) exhausted from motorcycles to figure out the characteristics of motorcycle exhausts. Fluoranthene and pyrene accounted for more than 50% of the total detected PAHs. Among four detected NPAHs, 6-nitrochrysene and 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene were the predominant NPAHs and were highly correlated rela ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.003
PubMed:
23399401

18. Pro-inflammatory effects and oxidative stress in lung macrophages and epithelial cells induced by ambient particulate matter

Author:
Michael, S.; Montag, M.; Dott, W.
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 19-29
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
cell viability; chemical analysis; chemical composition; epithelial cells; humans; ions; macrophages; mice; oxidation; oxidative stress; particulates; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; stress response; Germany
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to compare the toxicological effects of different source-related ambient PM10 samples in regard to their chemical composition. In this context we investigated airborne PM from different sites in Aachen, Germany. For the toxicological investigation human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and murine macrophages (RAW264.7) were exposed from 0 to 96 h to increasing PM co ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.026
PubMed:
23462618

19. Retrofitting impervious urban infrastructure with green technology for rainfall-runoff restoration, indirect reuse and pollution load reduction

Author:
Sansalone, John; Raje, Saurabh; Kertesz, Ruben; Maccarone, Kerrilynn; Seltzer, Karl; Siminari, Michele; Simms, Peter; Wood, Brandon
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 204-212
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
adsorption; best management practices; biofiltration; cleaning; climate models; denitrification; green infrastructure; nutrients; particulates; pollution load; runoff; sustainable technology; Florida
Abstract:
... The built environs alter hydrology and water resource chemistry. Florida is subject to nutrient criteria and is promulgating “no-net-load-increase” criteria for runoff and constituents (nutrients and particulate matter, PM). With such criteria, green infrastructure, hydrologic restoration, indirect reuse and source control are potential design solutions. The study simulates runoff and constituent ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.051
PubMed:
23548508

20. Risk assessment for Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in urban soils: Chemical availability as the central concept

Author:
Rodrigues, S.M.; Cruz, N.; Coelho, C.; Henriques, B.; Carvalho, L.; Duarte, A.C.; Pereira, E.; Römkens, Paul F.A.M.
Source:
Environmental pollution 2013 v.183 pp. 234-242
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
bioavailability; cadmium; calcium chloride; copper; equations; lead; mining; models; nitric acid; pH; risk assessment; soil properties; urban soils; zinc
Abstract:
... To assess the geochemical reactivity and oral bioaccessibility of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in urban soils from the Porto area, four extractions were performed including Aqua Regia (AR; pseudototal), 0.43 M HNO3 (reactive), 0.01 M CaCl2 (available), and 0.4 M glycine at pH = 1.5, SBET method (oral bioaccessible pool). Oral bioaccessibility in urban soils was higher than in samples from rural, industrial a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2012.10.006
PubMed:
23194645