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1. Coupled Sulfur and Iron(II) Carbonate-Driven Autotrophic Denitrification for Significantly Enhanced Nitrate Removal

Author:
Zhu, Ting-ting; Cheng, Hao-yi; Yang, Li-hui; Su, Shi-gang; Wang, Hong-cheng; Wang, Shu-sen; Wang, Ai-jie
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1545-1554
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
biomass; carbonates; chemical oxygen demand; denitrification; iron; leaching; limestone; liquids; nitrates; nitrites; nitrous oxide; risk; sulfates; sulfur; synergism
Abstract:
... Sulfur-based denitrification process has attracted increasing attentions because it does not rely on the external addition of organics and avoids the risk of COD exceeding the limit. Traditionally, limestone is commonly employed to maintain a neutral condition (SLAD process), but it may reduce the efficiency as the occupied zone by limestone cannot directly contribute to the denitrification. In th ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b06865

2. Drivers of Mercury Cycling in the Rapidly Changing Glacierized Watershed of the High Arctic’s Largest Lake by Volume (Lake Hazen, Nunavut, Canada)

Author:
St. Pierre, K. A.; St. Louis, V. L.; Lehnherr, I.; Gardner, A. S.; Serbu, J. A.; Mortimer, C. A.; Muir, D. C. G.; Wiklund, J. A.; Lemire, D.; Szostek, L.; Talbot, C.
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1175-1185
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
coastal water; ecosystems; emissions; glaciers; ice; lakes; melting; mercury; methylmercury compounds; permafrost; rivers; thawing; watersheds; Arctic region; Nunavut
Abstract:
... Across the Arctic, glaciers are melting and permafrost is thawing at unprecedented rates, releasing not only water to downstream aquatic systems, but also contaminants like mercury, archived in ice over centuries. Using concentrations from samples collected over 4 years and calibrated modeled hydrology, we calculated methylmercury (MeHg) and total mercury (THg) mass balances for Lake Hazen, the wo ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05926

3. Global Distribution of Used and Unused Extracted Materials Induced by Consumption of Iron, Copper, and Nickel

Author:
Nakajima, Kenichi; Noda, Shoichiro; Nansai, Keisuke; Matsubae, Kazuyo; Takayanagi, Wataru; Tomita, Makoto
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1555-1563
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
copper; geographical distribution; iron; mining; models; nickel; resource management; supply chain
Abstract:
... In today’s global economy, sustainable resource management requires a consumption perspective of resource use and insight into actual resource use through the global supply chain. The estimated global amount of used and unused extraction caused by mineral extraction of iron, copper, and nickel more than doubled from 1990 to 2013 (iron, 2.8–6.7 Pg; copper, 2.7–5.5 Pg; nickel, 0.19–0.60 Pg). By inco ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b04575

4. Validation and Application of a 3-Step Sequential Extraction Method to Investigate the Fraction Transformation of Organic Pollutants in Aging Soils: A Case Study of Dechlorane Plus

Author:
Cheng, Yu; Ding, Jue; Xie, Xianchuan; Ji, Xiaowen; Zhang, Youkuan
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1325-1333
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
bioavailability; case studies; environmental fate; half life; pollutants; simulation models; stereoselectivity
Abstract:
... A 3-step sequential extraction method was developed to characterize the “labile,” “stable-adsorbed,” and “bound-residue” fractions of Dechlorane Plus (DP) in aging soils. Afterward, the proposed method was used to observe the transformation of DP fractions during aging. Slight decrease of total DP concentrations suggested there was a rather limited degradation, with only 4.2–8.2% of initial DP hav ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b06201

5. Biogenic Cyanide Production Promotes Dissolution of Gold Nanoparticles in Soil

Author:
McGivney, Eric; Gao, Xiaoyu; Liu, Yijing; Lowry, Gregory V.; Casman, Elizabeth; Gregory, Kelvin B.; VanBriesen, Jeanne M.; Avellan, Astrid
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1287-1295
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Chromobacterium violaceum; cyanides; environmental factors; gold; liquids; mass spectrometry; mutants; nanogold; nanoparticles; pH; soil; soil bacteria; soil inoculation
Abstract:
... Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are often used to study the physiochemical behavior and distribution of nanomaterials in natural systems because they are assumed to be inert under environmental conditions, even though Au can be oxidized and dissolved by a common environmental compound: cyanide. We used the cyanogenic soil bacterium, Chromobacterium violaceum, to demonstrate that quorum-sensing-regulat ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05884

6. Borate Inorganic Cross-Linked Durable Graphene Oxide Membrane Preparation and Membrane Fouling Control

Author:
Han, Jing-Long; Haider, Muhammad Rizwan; Liu, Mei-Jun; Wang, Hong-cheng; Jiang, Wen-Li; Ding, Yang-Cheng; Hou, Ya-Nan; Cheng, Hao-Yi; Xia, Xue; Wang, Ai-Jie
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1501-1508
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; atomic force microscopy; cross-linking reagents; crosslinking; filtration; fouling; free radicals; graphene oxide; hydroxyl radicals; moieties; oxidation; risk; sodium borate; sodium dodecyl sulfate; sodium hydroxide
Abstract:
... Graphene oxide (GO) membranes have the potential to be next-generation membranes. However, the GO layer easily swells in water and risks shedding during the long-term filtration. Organic GO interlayer organic cross-linking agent was not resistant to oxidation, which limits the application scope of GO membrane. In this study, an inorganic cross-linked GO membrane was prepared via the reaction of so ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b04194

7. Miniaturized Biotrickling Filters and Capillary Microbioreactors for Process Intensification of VOC Treatment with Intended Application to Indoor Air

Author:
López de León, Luis Rafael; Deaton, Kelsey E.; Deshusses, Marc A.
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1518-1526
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
air; air quality; bioaerosols; biofilm; biofilters; biomass; bioreactors; foams; glass; humidity; interphase; mass transfer; methanol; mixing; pollutants; polyurethanes; quality control; streams; toluene; vapors; volatile organic compounds
Abstract:
... Typical biofilters and biotrickling filters used for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) control have treatment rates limited to 30–200 g m–³ h–¹, mostly because they are exposed to dilute VOC streams, have moderate biomass density and activity, and moderate mass transfer coefficients. For these reasons and the concern over releasing bioaerosols and humidity, traditional biofilters and biotrickling ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05209

8. Complexation of Iron and Copper in Ambient Particulate Matter and Its Effect on the Oxidative Potential Measured in a Surrogate Lung Fluid

Author:
Wei, Jinlai; Yu, Haoran; Wang, Yixiang; Verma, Vishal
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1661-1671
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
additive effect; copper; fractionation; fulvic acids; hydrogen peroxide; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; hydroxyl radicals; iron; lungs; particulates; rivers; solid phase extraction; synergism; water solubility
Abstract:
... We investigated the complexation state of atmospheric iron and copper and its impact on the oxidative potential (OP) of ambient PM₂.₅ (PM, particulate matter). A novel fractionation scheme was developed to segregate three different fractions of Fe and Cu present in ambient PM₂.₅: (i) complexed with hydrophobic organic compounds, (ii) complexed with hydrophilic organic compounds, and (iii) free or ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05731

9. Investigating the Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation of Sea Spray Aerosols Using Prochlorococcus as a Model Source of Marine Organic Matter

Author:
Wolf, Martin J.; Coe, Allison; Dove, Lilian A.; Zawadowicz, Maria A.; Dooley, Keven; Biller, Steven J.; Zhang, Yue; Chisholm, Sallie W.; Cziczo, Daniel J.
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1139-1149
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Prochlorococcus; active sites; aerosols; agarose; amylopectin; aspartic acid; hydrophilicity; ice; ice nucleation; lipids; models; moieties; oceans; organic matter; phytoplankton; proteins
Abstract:
... Sea spray is the largest aerosol source on Earth. Bubble bursting mechanisms at the ocean surface create smaller film burst and larger jet drop particles. This study quantified the effects of particle chemistry on the depositional ice nucleation efficiency of laboratory-generated sea spray aerosols under the cirrus-relevant conditions. Cultures of Prochlorococcus, the most abundant phytoplankton s ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05150

10. Investigation into Photoinduced Auto-Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Resulting in Brown Carbon Production

Author:
Haynes, John P.; Miller, Keith E.; Majestic, Brian J.
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.2 pp. 682-691
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
absorption; aerosols; alcohols; anthracenes; autoxidation; carbon; chromatography; combustion; emissions; human health; lighting; lungs; naphthalene; new products; quinones; radiative forcing; reaction mechanisms; solar radiation; spectral analysis; water solubility; wavelengths
Abstract:
... Brown carbon (BrC) is a collection of oxidized atmospheric aromatic compounds detected worldwide with broad functionality. This multifunctional nature allows BrC to be water-soluble and bioavailable and demonstrate light absorption at multiple wavelengths. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are major primary products of combustion emissions and have long been known to oxidize in the environmen ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05704

11. Reaction of Perfluorooctanoic Acid with Criegee Intermediates and Implications for the Atmospheric Fate of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids

Author:
Taatjes, Craig A.; Khan, M. Anwar H.; Eskola, Arkke J.; Percival, Carl J.; Osborn, David L.; Wallington, Timothy J.; Shallcross, Dudley E.
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1245-1251
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
anhydrides; carboxylic acids; gases; hydrolysis; perfluorooctanoic acid; wet deposition
Abstract:
... The reaction of perfluorooctanoic acid with the smallest carbonyl oxide Criegee intermediate, CH₂OO, has been measured and is very rapid, with a rate coefficient of (4.9 ± 0.8) × 10–¹⁰ cm³ s–¹, similar to that for reactions of Criegee intermediates with other organic acids. Evidence is shown for the formation of hydroperoxymethyl perfluorooctanoate as a product. With such a large rate coefficient, ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05073

12. The Composition and Implications of Polyphosphate-Metal in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Systems

Author:
Li, Yueyun; Rahman, Sheikh Mokhlesur; Li, Gungyu; Fowle, William; Nielsen, Per Halkjær; Gu, April Z.
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1536-1544
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
elemental composition; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; genes; genotyping; granules; magnesium; microbial ecology; monitoring; phenotype; phosphorus; phylogeny; prediction; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; scanning electron microscopy; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... The individual cellular level and quantitative Polyphosphate (PolyP)-metal compositions in EBPR (enhanced biological phosphorus removal) systems have hardly been investigated and its potential link to EBPR performance therefore remain largely unknown. In this study, we applied scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) method that enabled detection an ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b06827

13. The Use of Molecular Descriptors To Model Pharmaceutical Uptake by a Fish Primary Gill Cell Culture Epithelium

Author:
Chang, Elisabeth D.; Hogstrand, Christer; Miller, Thomas H.; Owen, Stewart F.; Bury, Nic R.
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1576-1584
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
acetazolamide; cell culture; diclofenac; epithelium; fish; freshwater; gemfibrozil; ibuprofen; ketoprofen; least squares; lipophilicity; mechanism of action; model validation; models; molecular weight; pH; principal component analysis; propranolol; quantitative structure-activity relationships; risk assessment; surface area; warfarin
Abstract:
... Modeling approaches such as quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) use molecular descriptors to predict the bioavailable properties of a compound in biota. However, these models have mainly been derived based on empirical data for lipophilic neutral compounds and may not predict the uptake of ionizable compounds. The majority of pharmaceuticals are ionizable, and freshwaters can hav ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b04394

14. A Critical Review of State-of-the-Art and Emerging Approaches to Identify Fracking-Derived Gases and Associated Contaminants in Aquifers

Author:
McIntosh, J. C.; Hendry, M. J.; Ballentine, C.; Haszeldine, R. S.; Mayer, B.; Etiope, G.; Elsner, M.; Darrah, T. H.; Prinzhofer, A.; Osborn, S.; Stalker, L.; Kuloyo, O.; Lu, Z.-T.; Martini, A.; Lollar, B. Sherwood
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1063-1077
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
aquifers; carbon sequestration; coal; gases; greenhouse gases; groundwater; hydraulic fracturing; hydrogen; methane; natural gas; oils; pollution; radioactive waste; sandstone; Australia; Canada; United States
Abstract:
... High-volume, hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) is widely applied for natural gas and oil production from shales, coals, or tight sandstone formations in the United States, Canada, and Australia, and is being widely considered by other countries with similar unconventional energy resources. Secure retention of fluids (natural gas, saline formation waters, oil, HVHF fluids) during and after well stimulati ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05807

15. Environmental Drivers of Rare Earth Element Bioaccumulation in Freshwater Zooplankton

Author:
MacMillan, Gwyneth A.; Clayden, Meredith G.; Chételat, John; Richardson, Murray C.; Ponton, Dominic E.; Perron, Tania; Amyot, Marc
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1650-1660
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
anthropogenic activities; aquatic invertebrates; bedrock; bioaccumulation; dissolved organic carbon; food webs; freshwater; freshwater ecosystems; indicator species; lakes; pH; rare earth elements; sediments; soil; surface water; zooplankton; Canada
Abstract:
... Human activities have resulted in significant release of rare earth elements (REEs) into the environment. However, the pathways of REEs from waters and soils into freshwater food webs remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that aquatic invertebrates may be good biomonitors for REEs, yet there is little information on factors that control REE bioaccumulation in these organisms. Our goal w ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05547

16. Abundance and Light Absorption Properties of Brown Carbon Emitted from Residential Coal Combustion in China

Author:
Li, Meiju; Fan, Xingjun; Zhu, Mengbo; Zou, Chunlin; Song, Jianzhong; Wei, Siye; Jia, Wanglu; Peng, Ping’an
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.2 pp. 595-603
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
absorbance; absorption; coal; combustion; dissolved organic carbon; methanol; solvents; water solubility; China
Abstract:
... Brown carbon (BrC) fractions, including water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble humic-like substances (HULISw), alkaline soluble organic carbon (ASOC), and methanol soluble organic carbon (MSOC) were extracted from particles emitted from the residential combustion of coal with different geological maturities. The abundances and light absorption properties of these BrC fractions were com ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05630

17. Detailed Speciation of Intermediate Volatility and Semivolatile Organic Compound Emissions from Gasoline Vehicles: Effects of Cold-Starts and Implications for Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation

Author:
Drozd, Greg T.; Zhao, Yunliang; Saliba, Georges; Frodin, Bruce; Maddox, Christine; Oliver Chang, M.-C.; Maldonado, Hector; Sardar, Satya; Weber, Robert Jay; Robinson, Allen L.; Goldstein, Allen H.
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1706-1714
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene); aerosols; air; air pollution; benzene; certification; desorption; ethylbenzene; filters; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; gasoline; ionization; oils; oxidation; particulate emissions; pollution control; quartz; toluene; volatile organic compounds; xylene; California
Abstract:
... Over the past two decades vehicle emission standards in the United States have been dramatically tightened with the goal of reducing urban air pollution. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is the dominant contributor to urban organic aerosol. Experiments were conducted at the California Air Resources Board Haagen-Smit Laboratory to characterize exhaust organics from 20 gasoline vehicles recruited fro ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05600

18. Identifying Organic Toxicants in Sediment Using Effect-Directed Analysis: A Combination of Bioaccessibility-Based Extraction and High-Throughput Midge Toxicity Testing

Author:
Li, Huizhen; Yi, Xiaoyi; Cheng, Fei; Tong, Yujun; Mehler, W. Tyler; You, Jing
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.2 pp. 996-1003
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
Chironomus dilutus; bioavailability; midges; mortality; pyrethrins; sediments; toxic substances; toxicity; toxicity testing
Abstract:
... Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) and effect-directed analysis (EDA) were integrated to diagnose toxicity drivers in a complex system, such as sediment. In TIE manipulation, XAD resin was utilized as an amending agent for characterizing organic toxicants, which also facilitate a large-volume bioaccessibility-based extraction for EDA purposes. Both raw sediments in TIE and extract fractions ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05633

19. Attribution of Tropospheric Ozone to NOₓ and VOC Emissions: Considering Ozone Formation in the Transition Regime

Author:
Wang, Peng; Chen, Yuan; Hu, Jianlin; Zhang, Hongliang; Ying, Qi
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1404-1412
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
air pollution; air quality; emissions; hydrogen peroxide; hydroperoxides; issues and policy; models; nitric acid; nitrogen oxides; ozone; river deltas; rivers; troposphere; volatile organic compounds; China; Yangtze River
Abstract:
... An improved three-regime (3R) O₃ attribution technique for O₃ source apportionment in regional chemical transport models is developed to divide the entire range of VOC-NOₓ-O₃ formation sensitivity to VOC-limited, transition, and NOₓ-limited regimes based on the value of a regime indicator R. The threshold R values to mark the start (Rₜₛ) and end (Rₜₑ) of the transition regime are defined at the po ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b05981

20. Self-Sustained Nitrite Accumulation at Low pH Greatly Enhances Volatile Solids Destruction and Nitrogen Removal in Aerobic Sludge Digestion

Author:
Duan, Haoran; Ye, Liu; Lu, Xuanyu; Batstone, Damien J.; Yuan, Zhiguo
Source:
Environmental science & technology 2018 v.53 no.3 pp. 1225-1234
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
activated sludge; digestion; nitrites; nitrogen; nitrous acid; oxygen; pH; pathogens; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Aerobic sludge digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) is widely used as a stabilization option in small- and midsized wastewater treatment plants. However, the digestion process is often limited by low volatile solids (VS) destruction and poor pathogen removal efficiency. This study presents a novel operational strategy that achieves enhanced VS destruction and nitrogen removal by inducing sust ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.8b04498