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1. A comprehensive toxicological safety assessment of an aqueous extract of Polypodium leucotomos (Fernblock®)

Author:
Murbach, Timothy S.; Béres, Erzsébet; Vértesi, Adél; Glávits, Róbert; Hirka, Gábor; Endres, John R.; Clewell, Amy E.; Szakonyiné, Ilona Pasics
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 328-341
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Polypodium; adverse effects; chromosome aberrations; females; ferns and fern allies; genotoxicity; in vitro studies; leaves; males; mortality; mutagenicity; mutation; no observed adverse effect level; rats; safety assessment; toxicity testing
Abstract:
... A battery of toxicological studies was conducted in accordance with internationally accepted standards to investigate the genotoxicity and repeated-dose oral toxicity of Fernblock®, a commercial aqueous extraction of the leaves of the tropical fern Polypodium leucotomos used for its oral and topical photoprotective properties. No evidence of mutagenicity was observed in a bacterial reverse mutatio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.008

2. A 28-day oral gavage toxicity study of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in CB6F1-non-Tg rasH2 mice

Author:
Lee, Byoung-Seok; Park, Sang-Jin; Kim, Yong-Bum; Han, Ji-Seok; Jeong, Eun-Ju; Moon, Kyoung-Sik; Son, Hwa-Young
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 95-103
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
alpha-chlorohydrin; body weight; brain; carcinogenicity; cardiomyopathy; females; foods; germ cells; heart; hydrolysis; kidneys; males; mice; microscopy; nerve tissue; no observed adverse effect level; risk assessment; testes; toxicology; vegetable protein
Abstract:
... 3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is a well-known contaminant of foods containing hydrolyzed vegetable protein. However, limited toxicity data are available for the risk assessment of 3-MCPD and its carcinogenic potential is controversial. To evaluate the potential toxicity and determine the dose levels for a 26-week carcinogenicity test using Tg rasH2 mice, 3-MCPD was administered once daily ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.019

3. Aerosol from a candidate modified risk tobacco product has reduced effects on chemotaxis and transendothelial migration compared to combustion of conventional cigarettes

Author:
van der Toorn, Marco; Frentzel, Stefan; De Leon, Hector; Goedertier, Didier; Peitsch, Manuel C.; Hoeng, Julia
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 81-87
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
aerosols; burning; cardiovascular diseases; chemotaxis; cigarettes; combustion; cytotoxicity; endothelial cells; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; flow cytometry; heat; heating systems; humans; inflammation; migratory behavior; monocytes; risk; risk reduction; smoke; smoking (habit); toxicology; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Reduction of harmful constituents by heating rather than combusting tobacco is a promising new approach to reduce harmful effects associated with cigarette smoking. We investigated the effect from a new candidate modified risk tobacco product, the tobacco heating system (THS) 2.2, on the migratory behavior of monocytes in comparison with combustible 3R4F reference cigarettes. The monocytic cell li ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.016

4. Aluminum trichloride impairs bone and downregulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in young growing rats

Author:
Sun, Xudong; Cao, Zheng; Zhang, Qiuyue; Liu, Shimin; Xu, Feibo; Che, Jianfang; Zhu, Yanzhu; Li, Yanfei; Pan, Chuanyi; Liang, Wannan
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 154-162
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
aluminum; aluminum chloride; blood serum; bone density; bone diseases; cyclins; femur; messenger RNA; rats; signal transduction; toxicology
Abstract:
... Aluminum (Al) can accumulate in bone and cause bone diseases. Few studies have investigated molecular mechanism of Al-induced bone diseases. Thus, in this study, rats were orally exposed to 0 (control group) and 0.4 g/L aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) (treatment group) for 30, 60, 90 or 120 days, respectively. The Al content of femora and serum, bone histological structure, bone mineral density (BMD) ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.005

5. Amanita phalloides poisoning: Mechanisms of toxicity and treatment

Author:
Garcia, Juliana; Costa, Vera M.; Carvalho, Alexandra; Baptista, Paula; de Pinho, Paula Guedes; de Lourdes Bastos, Maria; Carvalho, Félix
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 41-55
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Amanita phalloides; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; alpha-amanitin; antidotes; cell death; coma; death; decontamination; digestive system diseases; drug therapy; humans; jaundice; kidneys; latent period; liver; liver transplant; mushroom poisoning; mushrooms; seizures; toxicity; toxicology
Abstract:
... Amanita phalloides, also known as ‘death cap’, is one of the most poisonous mushrooms, being involved in the majority of human fatal cases of mushroom poisoning worldwide. This species contains three main groups of toxins: amatoxins, phallotoxins, and virotoxins. From these, amatoxins, especially α-amanitin, are the main responsible for the toxic effects in humans. It is recognized that α-amanitin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.008

6. Analysis of 3-MCPD- and 3-MCPD dipalmitate-induced proteomic changes in rat liver

Author:
Braeuning, Albert; Sawada, Stefanie; Oberemm, Axel; Lampen, Alfonso
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 374-384
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
acceptable daily intake; alpha-chlorohydrin; body weight; chronic exposure; fatty acid esters; foods; gastrointestinal system; glycolysis; heat treatment; kidneys; liver; oxidative stress; proteins; proteomics; rats; testes; toxicity; toxicology
Abstract:
... 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and 3-MCPD fatty acid esters are process contaminants in foodstuff which are generated during thermal treatment. Long-term exposure to 3-MCPD or 3-MCPD esters causes toxicity especially in kidney and testis. 3-MCPD esters are efficiently hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that their toxicity is mediated by free 3-MCPD. Combined exposure to fr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.010

7. Analysis of mycotoxins in coffee and risk assessment in Spanish adolescents and adults

Author:
García-Moraleja, A.; Font, G.; Mañes, J.; Ferrer, E.
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 225-233
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; HT-2 toxin; adolescents; adults; aflatoxin B1; average daily intake; beverages; brewing; deoxynivalenol; diacetoxyscirpenol; food consumption; fumonisin B1; fungi; liquid chromatography; metabolism; neosolaniol; nivalenol; ochratoxin A; risk; sterigmatocystin; tandem mass spectrometry; toxicology
Abstract:
... Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungal secondary metabolism that cause toxicological effects. Coffee is a highly popular beverage that is susceptible to contamination by mycotoxigenic fungi. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of the following 21 mycotoxins in coffee using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS-IT): aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2; o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.014

8. A systematic review on the role of environmental toxicants in stem cells aging

Author:
Hodjat, Mahshid; Rezvanfar, Mohammad Amin; Abdollahi, Mohammad
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 298-308
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
adverse effects; cell differentiation; cell senescence; epigenetics; germ cells; heavy metals; mechanism of action; oxidative stress; pesticides; proteomics; smoking (habit); stem cells; systematic review; toxic substances; toxicology
Abstract:
... Stem cells are an important target for environmental toxicants. As they are the main source for replenishing of organs in the body, any changes in their normal function could affect the regenerative potential of organs, leading to the appearance of age-related disease and acceleration of the aging process. Environmental toxicants could exert their adverse effect on stem cell function via multiple ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.002

9. Benzyl alcohol protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes but causes mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death at higher doses

Author:
Du, Kuo; McGill, Mitchell R.; Xie, Yuchao; Jaeschke, Hartmut
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 253-261
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
acetaminophen; antidotes; benzyl alcohol; cell death; cytochrome P-450; cytotoxicity; enzymes; hepatocytes; hepatoprotective effect; hepatotoxicity; humans; in vitro studies; liver; membrane potential; mice; mitochondria; mitochondrial membrane; overdose; oxidants; patients; poisoning; public health; toxicology
Abstract:
... Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is a serious public health problem in western countries. Current treatment options for APAP poisoning are limited and novel therapeutic intervention strategies are needed. A recent publication suggested that benzyl alcohol (BA) protects against APAP hepatotoxicity and could serve as a promising antidote for APAP poisoning. To assess the protective mechanisms of ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.016
PubMed:
26522885
PubMed Central:
PMC4691387

10. Caffeine intake in pregnancy: Relationship between internal intake and effect on birth weight

Author:
Partosch, F.; Mielke, H.; Stahlmann, R.; Gundert-Remy, U.
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 291-297
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
birth weight; blood; caffeine; epidemiological studies; fetus; kinetics; pregnancy; pregnant women; risk; simulation models; toxicology
Abstract:
... We used a physiologically based kinetic model to simulate caffeine blood concentration-time profiles in non-pregnant and pregnant women. The model predicted concentration-time profile was in good accordance with experimental values. With 200 mg, the safe dose per occasion in non-pregnant women, AUC and peak concentration in pregnant women were nearly twice that of non-pregnant women. In order to d ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.005

11. Carcinogenicity of glycidamide in B6C3F1 mice and F344/N rats from a two-year drinking water exposure

Author:
Beland, Frederick A.; Olson, Greg R.; Mendoza, Maria C.B.; Marques, M. Matilde; Doerge, Daniel R.
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 104-115
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
acrylamides; animal ovaries; bioassays; carcinogenicity; carcinogens; cigarettes; drinking water; epididymis; females; foods; forestomach; heart; males; mammary neoplasms (animal); metabolism; mice; mouth; neoplasm cells; rats; testes; thyroid gland; toxicology
Abstract:
... Acrylamide is a contaminant in baked and fried starchy foods, roasted coffee, and cigarette smoke. Previously we reported that acrylamide is a multi-organ carcinogen in B6C3F1 mice and F344/N rats, and hypothesized that acrylamide is activated to an ultimate carcinogen through metabolism to the epoxide glycidamide. We have now examined the carcinogenic effects of glycidamide administered at 0, 0.0 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.017
PubMed:
26429628
PubMed Central:
PMC5066397

12. Changes in tissue oxidative stress, brain biogenic amines and acetylcholinesterase following co-exposure to lead, arsenic and mercury in rats

Author:
Agrawal, Shruti; Bhatnagar, Pradeep; Flora, S.J.S.
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 208-216
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
acetylcholinesterase; arsenic; biogenic amines; blood; brain; drinking water; hepatotoxicity; kidneys; lead; liver; mercury; oxidative stress; rats; toxicology
Abstract:
... The present study investigated the toxic effects of individual, combined (binary and ternary) exposure to lead, arsenic and mercury on, (i) oxidative stress (ii) alterations in brain biogenic amines and (iii) tissue metals concentration. Rats were exposed to lead, arsenic and mercury either individually (30 ppm in drinking water), various binary (15 ppm each) or ternary combination (10 ppm each) f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.013

13. Critical review of resveratrol in xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity

Author:
McGill, Mitchell R.; Du, Kuo; Weemhoff, James L.; Jaeschke, Hartmut
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 309-318
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
animal models; bioavailability; hepatotoxicity; herbal medicines; liver; liver failure; metabolism; patients; protective effect; resveratrol; therapeutics; toxicology
Abstract:
... Use of natural products is increasingly popular. In fact, many patients with liver diseases self-medicate with herbal supplements. Resveratrol (RSV), in particular, is a common natural product that can reduce injury in experimental models of liver disease. Xenobiotic hepatotoxicity is a particularly important area-of-need for therapeutics. Drug-induced liver injury, for example, is the most common ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.003
PubMed:
26561740
PubMed Central:
PMC4710062

14. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of two hair dyes used in the formulation of black color

Author:
Tafurt-Cardona, Yaliana; Suares-Rocha, Paula; Fernandes, Thaís Cristina Casimiro; Marin-Morales, Maria Aparecida
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 9-15
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
adults; azo dyes; cell viability; color; cytotoxicity; epidemiological studies; genotoxicity; human cell lines; human health; human population; in vitro studies; mutagenicity; risk; toxicology; urinary bladder neoplasms; Brazil
Abstract:
... According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), some hair dyes are considered mutagenic and carcinogenic in in vitro assays and exposed human populations. Epidemiological studies indicate that hairdressers occupationally exposed to hair dyes have a higher risk of developing bladder cancer. In Brazil, 26% of the adults use hair dye. In this study, we investigated the toxic effe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.010

15. Effects of oral administration of titanium dioxide fine-sized particles on plasma glucose in mice

Author:
Gu, Ning; Hu, Hailong; Guo, Qian; Jin, Sanli; Wang, Changlin; Oh, Yuri; Feng, Yujie; Wu, Qiong
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 124-131
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Western blotting; blood; blood glucose; body weight; food coloring; histopathology; homeostasis; insulin resistance; liver; mice; nanoparticles; oral administration; pancreas; titanium; titanium dioxide; toxicity; toxicology
Abstract:
... Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an authorized additive used as a food colorant, is composed of nano-sized particles (NP) and fine-sized particles (FP). Previous study reported that oral administration of TiO2 NPs triggers an increase in plasma glucose of mice. However, no previous studies have focused on toxic effects of TiO2 FPs on plasma glucose homeostasis following oral administration. In the curre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.003

16. Erythropoietin in the treatment of carbon monoxide neurotoxicity in rat

Author:
Moallem, Seyed Adel; Mohamadpour, Amir Hooshang; Abnous, Khalil; Sankian, Mojtaba; Sadeghnia, Hamid Reza; Tsatsakis, Aristidis; Shahsavand, Shabnam
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 56-64
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
blood serum; blood-brain barrier; brain; carbon monoxide; carbon monoxide poisoning; cation exchange chromatography; erythropoietin; lipid peroxidation; malondialdehyde; myelin basic protein; myeloperoxidase; neurodevelopment; neurotoxicity; oxidative stress; rats; staining; toxicology; vacuoles; water content
Abstract:
... Erythropoietin (EPO) plays a critical role in the development of the nervous system. In this study, the effects of EPO in carbon monoxide (CO) neurotoxicity were examined. Rats were exposed to 3000 ppm CO for 1 h and then different doses of EPO were administrated intraperitoneally. After 24 h, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels in the serum were determined and water content of brain and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.015

17. Evaluation of serum and liver toxicokinetics for furan and liver DNA adduct formation in male Fischer 344 rats

Author:
Churchwell, M.I.; Scheri, R.C.; Von Tungeln, L.S.; Gamboa da Costa, G.; Beland, F.A.; Doerge, D.R.
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 1-8
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
DNA; amino acids; animal models; blood serum; cooked foods; food processing; genotoxicity; hepatotoxicity; liver; liver neoplasms; males; nucleotides; pharmacokinetics; portal vein; rats; toxicology
Abstract:
... Furan is a food processing contaminant found in many common cooked foods that induces liver toxicity and liver cancer in animal models treated with sufficient doses. The metabolism of furan occurs primarily in the liver where CYP 2E1 produces a highly reactive bis-electrophile, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial (BDA). BDA reacts with nucleophilic groups in amino acids and DNA in vitro to form covalent adducts ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.029

18. Feed supplemented with polyphenolic byproduct from olive mill wastewater processing improves the redox status in blood and tissues of piglets

Author:
Gerasopoulos, Konstantinos; Stagos, Dimitrios; Petrotos, Konstantinos; Kokkas, Stylianos; Kantas, Dimitrios; Goulas, Panagiotis; Kouretas, Dimitrios
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 319-327
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
antioxidant activity; antioxidants; biomarkers; blood; brain; byproducts; catalase; diet; glutathione; heart; kidneys; lipids; liver; muscles; olives; oxidative stress; pancreas; piglets; polyphenols; proteins; spleen; stomach; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; tissues; toxicology; wastewater
Abstract:
... In the present study, a polyphenolic byproduct from olive mill wastewater (OMWW) was used for making piglet feed with antioxidant activity. For examining the antioxidant capacity of the feed, 30 piglets of 20 d old were divided into two groups receiving basal or experimental feed for 30 d. Blood and tissue samples were drawn at days 2, 20, 35 and 50 post-birth. The tissues collected were brain, he ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.007

19. Genotoxicity assessment of propyl thiosulfinate oxide, an organosulfur compound from Allium extract, intended to food active packaging

Author:
Mellado-García, P.; Maisanaba, S.; Puerto, M.; Llana-Ruiz-Cabello, M.; Prieto, A.I.; Marcos, R.; Pichardo, S.; Cameán, A.M.
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 365-373
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Allium cepa; Allium sativum; Ames test; DNA damage; Salmonella Typhimurium; essential oils; food additives; food packaging; foods; garlic; genotoxicity; human cell lines; lymphoma; metabolites; mice; mutagenicity; onions; shelf life; thymidine kinase
Abstract:
... Essential oils from onion (Allium cepa L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), and their main components, such as propyl thiosulfinate oxide (PTSO) are being intended for active packaging with the purpose of maintaining and extending food product quality and shelf life. The present work aims to assess for the first time the potential mutagenicity/genotoxicity of PTSO (0–50 µM) using the following battery ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.011

20. Hazard identification of cis/trans-zearalenone through the looking-glass

Author:
Dellafiora, Luca; Galaverna, Gianni; Dall'Asta, Chiara; Cozzini, Pietro
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2015 v.86 pp. 65-71
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Clonostachys rosea; bioactive properties; cis-trans isomers; hazard identification; humans; metabolism; metabolites; products and commodities; risk; toxicology; zearalenone
Abstract:
... Among the food-related health issues, the presence of contaminants has a prominent role, due to the wide range of exogenous compounds that can occur in food commodities and to their large differences in structure and biological activity. A comprehensive assessment of the related risk is thus actually demanding in terms of time and facilities involved. In this context, the use of computational stra ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.009