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1. Activation of ALDH2 with ethanol attenuates diabetes induced myocardial injury in rats

Author:
Gao, Qin; Wang, Hong-Ju; Wang, Xiao-Mei; Kang, Pin-Fang; Yu, Ying; Ye, Hong-Wei; Zhou, Huan; Li, Zheng-Hong
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 419-424
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
blood glucose; diabetes; ethanol; fasting; glycosylation; hemoglobin; messenger RNA; rats; superoxide dismutase; toxicology
Abstract:
... This study assessed changes in myocardial ALDH2 expression in the diabetic rat, in particular the diabetic rat pretreated with ALDH2 activator ethanol (EtOH). The rats were divided into six groups: control, EtOH control, diabetic rat at 4th week (DM4W), 8th week (DM8W), 12th week (DM12W) and EtOH+DM8W groups. Compared with control group, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.057

2. A 35kD Phyllanthus niruri protein modulates iron mediated oxidative impairment to hepatocytes via the inhibition of ERKs, p38 MAPKs and activation of PI3k/Akt pathway

Author:
Bhattacharyya, Sudip; Pal, Pabitra Bikash; Sil, Parames C.
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 119-130
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
IKappaB kinase; Phyllanthus niruri; antioxidant activity; apoptosis; caspases; cell viability; cytotoxicity; ferrous sulfate; free radical scavengers; glutathione; hepatocytes; iron; lipid peroxidation; membrane potential; mice; mitochondria; mitochondrial membrane; mitogen-activated protein kinase; phosphorylation; protective effect; proteins; reactive oxygen species; toxicology; transcription factor NF-kappa B
Abstract:
... It has been reported that the herb, Phyllanthus niruri, possess antioxidant, anti-infection, anti-asthmatic, anti-diuretic, anti-soresis and many more beneficial activities. The goal of our present study was to evaluate the protective role of a 35kD protein (PNP) isolated from this herb against iron-induced cytotoxicity in murine hepatocytes. Exposure of hepatocytes to iron (FeSO4) caused elevatio ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.013

3. Ameliorating effects of casein glycomacropeptide on obesity induced by high-fat diet in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Author:
Xu, Shi-Ping; Mao, Xue-Ying; Cheng, Xue; Chen, Bin
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 1-7
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
adipose tissue; antioxidants; casein; cholesterol; droplet size; fatty liver; fatty-acid synthase; glutathione peroxidase; glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; high fat diet; hydrofluorocarbons; ingredients; interleukin-6; leptin; liver; malondialdehyde; obesity; rats; secretion; superoxide dismutase; tissue weight; toxicology; triacylglycerols; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... The effect of casein glycomacropeptide (GMP) as a specific regulating mediator in obese rats induced by high-fat (HF) diet was investigated. Male obese Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats induced by high-fat diet for 8weeks period were fed high-fat, high-fat with GMP of 100mg/kg BW (HFLG), 200mg/kg BW (HFMG) and 400mg/kg BW (HFHG) for 6weeks. Compared with the high-fat control (HFC) group GMP supplementation ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.027

4. Analytical chemistry, toxicology, epidemiology and health impact assessment of melamine in infant formula: Recent progress and developments

Author:
Wu, Yongning; Zhang, Yu
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 325-335
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
World Health Organization; acceptable daily intake; analytical chemistry; capillary electrophoresis; cohort studies; dairy products; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; epidemiological studies; gas chromatography; high performance liquid chromatography; histopathology; humans; infant formulas; infants; ingestion; kidney diseases; melamine; metabolic studies; nephrotoxicity; risk assessment; tandem mass spectrometry; tissues; toxicology; urinary tract
Abstract:
... This review summarizes the most recent scientific literature and regulations regarding analytical chemistry, toxicology, epidemiology, exposure, and risk assessment of melamine in infant formula. For analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.044

5. An antioxidant, N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD), affects labor and delivery in rats: A 28-day repeated dose test and reproduction/developmental toxicity test

Author:
Matsumoto, Mariko; Yamaguchi, Makiko; Yoshida, Yuka; Senuma, Mika; Takashima, Hiromasa; Kawamura, Tomoko; Kato, Hina; Takahashi, Mika; Hirata-Koizumi, Mutsuko; Ono, Atsushi; Yokoyama, Kazuhito; Hirose, Akihiko
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 290-296
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
adverse effects; antioxidants; developmental toxicity; dystocia; females; gestation period; hypothermia; labor; pregnancy; pups; rats; toxicity testing
Abstract:
... A 28-day repeated dose toxicity test and reproduction/developmental toxicity test for N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) were conducted in [Crl:CD(SD)] SPF rats. Male and female rats were dosed with DPPD by gavage for 28days at 0, 100, 300, or 1000mg/kg bw/day or for a total of 42–46days at 0, 8, 50, or 300mg/kg bw/day. No significant adverse effects were observed in the repeated dose toxicit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.029

6. Anti-fibrotic effects of puerarin on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats possibly through the regulation of PPAR-γ expression and inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway

Author:
Guo, Chao; Xu, Lingyuan; He, Qiaoling; Liang, Tao; Duan, Xiaoqun; Li, Rong
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 436-442
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Pueraria montana var. lobata; active ingredients; alanine transaminase; albumins; aspartate transaminase; blood serum; chronic diseases; collagen; enzyme activity; extracellular matrix; fibrosis; gelatinase A; hepatocytes; hydroxyproline; liver; metabolism; protective effect; rats; therapeutics; toxicity; toxicology
Abstract:
... Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a chronic disease, which primarily leads to liver unregulated metabolism. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of puerarin (PR), an active ingredient from kudzu root, on CCl4-induced HF rats. PR effectively ameliorated the liver metabolic function, resulting in reduced serum enzymatic activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.051

7. Antimicrobial, antiviral and antioxidant activities of “água-mel” from Portugal

Author:
Miguel, Maria G.; Faleiro, Leonor; Antunes, Maria D.; Aazza, Smail; Duarte, Joana; Silvério, Ana R.
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 136-144
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
antioxidant activity; antioxidants; antiviral properties; bacteriophages; beekeepers; pathogenicity; phenol; pigments; respiratory system; toxicology; Portugal
Abstract:
... “Água-mel” is a honey-based product produced in Portugal for ancient times. Several attributes have been reported to “água-mel” particularly in the alleviation of simple symptoms of upper respiratory tract. Samples of “água-mel” from diverse beekeepers from different regions of Portugal were studied in what concerns antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiviral properties. The amounts of phenol and bro ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.007

8. Applications of flow cytometry to toxicological mycotoxin effects in cultured mammalian cells: A review

Author:
Juan-García, Ana; Manyes, Lara; Ruiz, María-José; Font, Guillermina
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 40-59
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Alternaria; Aspergillus; Fusarium; Penicillium; air; apoptosis; cell cycle; cell growth; crops; deoxynivalenol; flow cytometry; food chain; fungi; mammals; membrane potential; mitochondrial membrane; rapid methods; secondary metabolites; toxicity; toxicology; viability; zearalenone
Abstract:
... This review gives an overview of flow cytometry applications to toxicological studies of several physiological target sites of mycotoxins on different mammalian cell lines. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that may be present in food, feed, air and water. The increasing presence of mycotoxins in crops, their wide distribution in the food chain, and their potential for toxicity demonst ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.005

9. Approach to distribution and accumulation of dibutyl phthalate in rats by immunoassay

Author:
Zeng, Qiang; Wei, Chenxi; Wu, Yang; Li, Ke; Ding, Shumao; Yuan, Junlin; Yang, Xu; Chen, Mingqing
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 18-27
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
dibutyl phthalate; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescent antibody technique; food intake; hair follicles; kidneys; liver; monoclonal antibodies; rats; stomach; sweat glands; testes; toxicology
Abstract:
... Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is mainly taken up by the general population from food intake. To estimate intake of phthalates, determining distribution and accumulation of DBP in biological materials was a critical need. In this work, we set up two novel approaches with a monoclonal antibody specific to DBP to determine the distribution and accumulation of DBP in vivo. The contents of DBP in liver, kidn ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.045

10. Astaxanthin ameliorates lung fibrosis in vivo and in vitro by preventing transdifferentiation, inhibiting proliferation, and promoting apoptosis of activated cells

Author:
Wang, Meirong; Zhang, Jinjin; Song, Xiaodong; Liu, Wenbo; Zhang, Lixia; Wang, Xiuwen; Lv, Changjun
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 450-458
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
actin; apoptosis; astaxanthin; blood-brain barrier; brain; collagen; fibrosis; hydroxyproline; muscles; physiological transport; toxicology; vimentin
Abstract:
... Astaxanthin, a member of the carotenoid family, is the only known ketocarotenoid transported into the brain by transcytosis through the blood–brain barrier. However, whether astaxanthin has antifibrotic functions is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of astaxanthin on transforming growth factor β1-mediated and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. The results ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.004

11. Biosafety and antioxidant effects of a beverage containing silymarin and arginine. A pilot, human intervention cross-over trial

Author:
Valentová, Kateřina; Vidlář, Aleš; Zatloukalová, Martina; Stuchlík, Milan; Vacek, Jan; Šimánek, Vilím; Ulrichová, Jitka
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 178-183
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
adverse effects; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; arginine; beverages; biosafety; blood proteins; blood serum; catalase; cross-over studies; erythrocytes; gamma-glutamyltransferase; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione transferase; glutathione-disulfide reductase; humans; malondialdehyde; men; oxidation; silymarin; superoxide dismutase; toxicology; urine; volunteers
Abstract:
... The study objective was to investigate the potential of a beverage containing silymarin and l-arginine to alter basic physiological and urodynamic parameters in 22 normal healthy men aged 38–59years. The volunteers drank 500ml/day beverage without silymarin and l-arginine for 10days followed, after a 7-day washout period, by the beverage with 400mg silymarin and 295mg l-arginine for 10days. Blood ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.023

12. Caffeic acid treatment alters the extracellular adenine nucleotide hydrolysis in platelets and lymphocytes of adult rats

Author:
Anwar, Javed; Spanevello, Roselia Maria; Pimentel, Victor Camera; Gutierres, Jessié; Thomé, Gustavo; Cardoso, Andreia; Zanini, Daniela; Martins, Caroline; Palma, Heloisa Einloft; Bagatini, Margarete Dulce; Baldissarelli, Jucimara; Schmatz, Roberta; Leal, Cláudio Alberto Martins; Costa, Pauline da; Morsch, Vera Maria; Schetinger, Maria Rosa Chitolina
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 459-466
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
acid treatment; adenine; adenosine deaminase; adenosine diphosphate; adenosine triphosphate; adults; caffeic acid; hydrolysis; lymphocytes; nucleosides; oils; platelet aggregation; rats; tissues; toxicology
Abstract:
... This study evaluated the effects of caffeic acid on ectonucleotidase activities such as NTPDase (nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase), Ecto-NPP (nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase), 5′-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in platelets and lymphocytes of rats, as well as in the profile of platelet aggregation. Animals were divided into five groups: I (control); II (oil); III ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.030

13. Can acetylcholinesterase activity be considered as a reliable biomarker for the assessment of cadmium-induced neurotoxicity?

Author:
Zarros, Apostolos; Kalopita, Konstantina; Tsakiris, Stylianos; Baillie, George S.
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 406-410
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
acetylcholinesterase; adults; anesthesia; biomarkers; brain; cadmium; long term effects; neurotoxicity; rodents; toxicology
Abstract:
... Gonçalves et al. (2012) recently reported the findings of a long-awaited study on the effects of long-term dietary-induced exposure to cadmium (Cd) on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of adult rodents’ brain regions. Their study can be regarded as a significant contribution to the field, as there is paucity of information on the AChE activity in brain regions following exposure to Cd. Howe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.048

14. Chemical composition and anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antimalarial activities of leaves essential oil of Cedrelopsis grevei

Author:
Afoulous, Samia; Ferhout, Hicham; Raoelison, Emmanuel Guy; Valentin, Alexis; Moukarzel, Béatrice; Couderc, François; Bouajila, Jalloul
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 352-362
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Plasmodium falciparum; anti-inflammatory activity; anticarcinogenic activity; antimalarials; antioxidant activity; antioxidants; biochemical compounds; breast neoplasms; chemical composition; cytotoxicity; essential oils; gas chromatography; humans; hydrocarbons; leaves; mass spectrometry; medicinal plants; neoplasm cells; sesquiterpenoids; toxicology; traditional medicine; Madagascar
Abstract:
... The essential oil from Cedrelopsis grevei leaves, an aromatic and medicinal plant from Madagascar, is widely used in folk medicine. Essential oil was characterized by GC–MS and quantified by GC–FID. Sixty-four components were identified. The major constituents were: (E)-β-farnesene (27.61%), δ-cadinene (14.48%), α-copaene (7.65%) and β-elemene (6.96%). The essential oil contained a complex mixture ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.008

15. Comparative antiadhesive properties of crude extract and phenolic fraction isolated from aerial parts of Tribulus pterocarpus during severe hyperhomocysteinemia

Author:
Tomczynska, Malgorzata; Malinowska, Joanna; Morel, Agnieszka; Hamed, Arafa I.; Oleszek, Wieslaw; Stochmal, Anna; Olas, Beata
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 266-271
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Pterocarpus; Tribulus; aerial parts; bioactive properties; blood platelets; collagen; models; platelet activation; secretion; toxicology
Abstract:
... The phenolic fraction and the crude extract from Tribulus pterocarpus have different biological activity, including antiplatelet–antiadhesive properties. Since it is demonstrated that hyperhomocysteinemia may act as stimulator of blood platelet activation (platelet adhesion, aggregation, and secretion), but various antiplatelet compounds are able to reduce hyperactivation of blood platelets induce ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.025

16. Consumer and farmer safety evaluation of application of botanical pesticides in black pepper crop protection

Author:
Hernández-Moreno, David; Soffers, Ans E.M.F.; Wiratno,; Falke, Hein E.; Rietjens, Ivonne M.C.M.; Murk, Albertinka J.
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 483-490
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Acorus calamus; acceptable daily intake; active ingredients; black pepper; botanical pesticides; carcinogenicity; cloves; crop production; eugenol; farmers; genotoxicity; margin of safety; plant protection; pyrethrins; risk factors; rotenone; small fruits; toxicology
Abstract:
... This study presents a consumer and farmer safety evaluation on the use of four botanical pesticides in pepper berry crop protection. The pesticides evaluated include preparations from clove, tuba root, sweet flag and pyrethrum. Their safety evaluation was based on their active ingredients being eugenol, rotenone, β-asarone and pyrethrins, respectively.Botanical pesticides from Acorus calamus are o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.033

17. Corosolic acid induces apoptotic cell death in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in vitro

Author:
Nho, Kyoung Jin; Chun, Jin Mi; Kim, Ho Kyoung
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 8-17
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase; acetylcysteine; adenocarcinoma; apoptosis; caspases; cell cycle; cell viability; humans; medicinal plants; proteins; reactive oxygen species; toxicology
Abstract:
... Corosolic acid (CRA), a triterpenoid from medicinal herbs, has been shown to induce apoptosis in several cell lines, with the exception of A549 cells. In this report, we investigated the apoptotic effect and mechanism of CRA in A549 cells. The present study shows that CRA significantly inhibits cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Exposure to CRA induces sub-G1 cell cycle ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.002

18. Correlation between aflatoxin M1 content of breast milk, dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 and socioeconomic status of lactating mothers in Ogun State, Nigeria

Author:
Adejumo, Oloyede; Atanda, Olusegun; Raiola, Assunta; Somorin, Yinka; Bandyopadhyay, Ranajit; Ritieni, Alberto
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 171-177
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
European Union; aflatoxin B1; aflatoxin M1; breast milk; dietary exposure; foods; lactation; metabolites; milk; mothers; risk; socioeconomic status; toxicology; Nigeria
Abstract:
... Aflatoxin M1 (AF M1), a hydroxylated metabolite of AF B1, is an important toxin that can contaminate the milk of lactating mothers. A correlation study was conducted to determine the relationship between AF M1 content of breast milk, dietary exposure to AF B1 and socioeconomic status of lactating mothers in the three Senatorial districts of Ogun State, Nigeria. Equal amounts of breast milk (20ml) ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.027

19. Cultivated ginseng inhibits 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice and TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC activation in HaCaT cells

Author:
Choi, Jae Ho; Jin, Sun Woo; Park, Bong Hwan; Kim, Hyung Gyun; Khanal, Tilak; Han, Hwa Jeong; Hwang, Yong Pil; Choi, Jun Min; Chung, Young Chul; Hwang, Sang Kyu; Jeong, Tae Cheon; Jeong, Hye Gwang
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 195-203
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
CD4-positive T-lymphocytes; Panax; antioxidants; atopic dermatitis; bioactive properties; blood serum; chemokines; dermis; ears; gene expression; ginsenosides; histopathology; immunoglobulin E; interferon-gamma; interleukin-13; interleukin-4; interleukin-5; keratinocytes; messenger RNA; mice; skin lesions; therapeutics; toxicology; transcription factor NF-kappa B; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Abstract:
... Ginseng contains many bioactive constituents, including various ginsenosides that are believed to have anti-allergic, anti-oxidant, and immunostimulatory activities; however, its effects on atopic dermatitis (AD) remain unclear. In the current study, we hypothesized that cultivated ginseng (CG) would inhibit 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by regulating ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.037

20. Cytoprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against deoxynivalenol-induced toxicity through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in HT-29 cells

Author:
Kalaiselvi, Palaniswamy; Rajashree, Krishnaswamy; Bharathi Priya, Lohanathan; Padma, Viswanadha Vijaya
Source:
Food and chemical toxicology 2013 v.56 pp. 110-118
ISSN:
0278-6915
Subject:
Fusarium; anti-inflammatory activity; apoptosis; caspase-3; cell viability; cytotoxicity; deoxynivalenol; dose response; epigallocatechin; green tea; inflammation; oxidative stress; pretreatment; prostaglandin synthase; toxicology; transcription factor NF-kappa B
Abstract:
... Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium sp., and is known to elicit pro-inflammatory responses in the cell. The cells exposed to DON undergo apoptosis as a mechanism to shut down the inflammation. In this study, we tested the cytoprotective effect of the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) on DON-induced toxicity in HT-29 cells. EGCG prevented DON-induced cytoto ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.042