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... The microbial quality of Spanish potato omelette and pork loin before and after implementation of the HACCP system in University restaurants was used as indicator of food safety in this work. The prevalence of aerobic plate counts and incidences of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and Clostridium perfringens were analysed. Results of ...
... The hide of cattle is known to be a source for the microbial contamination of beef, with microorganisms transferred onto the carcass from the hide, during the slaughter and dressing processes. To assess the potential risk of carcass contamination from food-borne bacterial pathogens on cattle hides, a study was carried out involving 90 beef cattle in the South-West of England to determine the preva ...
Clostridium perfringens; Salmonella; beef; chemical analysis; chemical composition; chickens; coliform bacteria; cooked foods; copper; iron; markets; microbiological quality; pH; plate count; psychrotrophic bacteria; public health; sodium; yeasts; zinc
Abstract:
... The objective of this research was to determine chemical composition and hygienic quality of the doner kebabs sold in the Tekirdag market. In the chemical analysis; pH, moisture, protein, fat and salt contents as well as some minerals, Na, K, Zn, Fe and Cu, were determined. The samples were examined for aerobic plate count (APC), psychrotrophic bacteria, coliforms, mould and yeast, Clostridium per ...
Centella asiatica; Ipomoea aquatica; Oenanthe javanica subsp. stolonifera; Polygonum; Salmonella; animal-based foods; health hazards; human diseases; raw vegetables; salads; serotypes; vegetables; Malaysia
Abstract:
... A total of 43 samples of 'selom' (Oenanthe stolonifera), 26 samples of 'pegaga' (Centella asiatica), 25 samples of 'kangkong' (Ipomoea aquatica) and 18 samples of 'kesum' (Polygonum minus) were examined for the presence of Salmonella spp. Salmonellae were detected from 40 (35%) of the vegetables samples examined. The most common serotypes isolated were S. weltevreden (23.5%), S. agona (16.2%), S. ...
Escherichia coli; Lactobacillus casei; Lactobacillus plantarum; Salmonella; Staphylococcus aureus; lactic fermentation; meat; minced meat; raw meat; starter cultures; temperature
Abstract:
... Studies were conducted to stabilize minced meat and meat cubes with added salt and glucose by fermentation using mixed lactic cultures of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactococci lactis. Microbial profiles were recorded. The study revealed that a desired pH of 4.0-4.2 can be achieved (within 24-36 h at 37 °C and 30-42 h at 30 °C), with a substantial reduction in coliforms, Esche ...
... Twenty samples of vacuum-packaged meat products from Brazil were screened for the presence of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria, using an agar overlay method. Three bacteriocinogenic isolates were obtained and identified as Enterococcus sp. 18 (from bacon), Leuconostoc sp. 20 (from ham) and Lactobacillus sakei 29 (from hot home made "lingüiça"). Leuconostoc sp. 20 and Lactobacillus sakei ...
Mangifera indica; bacterial contamination; food surfaces; Salmonella; mangoes; food contamination; imports; food pathogens; microbial detection; hot water treatment; United States; South America
Nascimento, Maristela da Silva do; Silva, Neusely da; Silva, Ivone Francisca da; Silva, Juliana de Cássia da; Marques, Érika Reolon; Santos, Aline Regina Barbosa
... Stakeholder requirements force companies to analyse their food safety management system (FSMS) performance to improve food safety. Performance is commonly analysed by checking compliance against preset requirements via audits/inspections, or actual food safety (FS) output is analysed by microbiological testing. This paper discusses the usefulness of a concurrent diagnosis of FSMS performance and F ...
... In situ loop-mediated isothermal amplification (in situ LAMP) as a novel technique for detection of food-borne pathogens, has been successfully applied to detect Salmonella in artificially contaminated eggshells. Escherichia coli C600 was used as a negative control in specificity experiment. The sensitivity of the in situ LAMP assay was confirmed by the test in serial 10-fold dilutions of Salmonel ...
... The sanitization efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) against food pathogens on selected fresh ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetables and sprouts was evaluated and compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. RTE vegetables and sprouts were dip-inoculated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. and dip-treated with SAEW, NaOCl solution for 5min. SAEW treatment significantl ...
... A choice experiment was conducted to elicit the extent to which consumersâ willingness to pay (WTP) for reducing Salmonella risks in minced pork depends on how risk reductions are obtained. Three different risk reduction methods were analysed: Risk reduction on the farm and decontamination of carcasses using either hot water/steam or lactic acid. The sample consisted of 844 Danish consumers who ...
Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella; chorizo; food safety; manufacturing; pH; product development; product safety; raw meat; traditional technology
Abstract:
... Accelerated production of dry fermented sausages by shortening the drying-ripening process represents one of the new developments in meat product technology and is expected to have a promising future. However, food safety concerns, which could exist when processes are shortened, must be investigated in particular. In the present challenge test, the fate of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella was ...
... A bacteriocin-producing strain LM-2 was isolated from “Byaslag”, a traditional cheese in Inner Mongolia of China, and identified as Enterococcus faecium. The strain produced the maximum activity of enterocin (5120 AU ml⁻¹) in MRS medium in the mid-stationary phase of growth (i.e. after 30 h at 37 °C). Purified enterocin LM-2 was obtained by using a two-step procedure consisting of ammonium sulfate ...
... Chilled Ready-To-Eat (RTE) foods are of concern in hospital foodservices because they can support microbial growth when subjecting to time/temperature abuses during processing and distribution together with poor handling practices. This study was conducted in five different hospitals (A–E) of Southern Spain during 2008–2009 to perform an evaluation of their sanitary conditions and microbiological ...
... Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from traditional Thai fermented fish, Plasom at various fermentation periods. It was found that 138 isolates exhibited a clear zone and growth on MRS agar supplemented with CaCO₃; however, only 133 isolates were identified as LAB. Only 14 strains showed excellent inhibition zone diameters on agar when Salmonella sp. was used as an indicator for preliminary ...
Escherichia coli; Listeria; Salmonella; coliform bacteria; food safety; green leafy vegetables; microbiological quality; shelf life; Brazil
Abstract:
... Minimally processed leafy vegetables are ready-to-eat (RTE) products very attractive to consumers looking for healthy and convenient meals. However, the microbiological safety of these foods is of special concern due to the absence of lethal treatments during processing. In the present study, indicator microorganisms, Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. were determined for 162 samples of minimally p ...
Salmonella; databases; disease outbreaks; foodborne illness; fresh produce; green leafy vegetables; models; pathogens; public health; risk; risk ranking; tomatoes; United States
Abstract:
... Foodborne disease outbreaks and cases associated with fresh produce have increased over the past decade. In developing approaches to prevent or reduce illnesses from consumption of contaminated produce, new tools are needed to identify and prioritize appropriate efforts. The purpose of this study was to develop a semi-quantitative risk ranking tool (Pathogen-Produce Pair Attribution Risk Ranking T ...
... The prevalence of Salmonella spp. on broiler chicken carcasses and risk factors at the slaughterhouse were studied in 2008. A total of 425 carcasses were collected from 58 French poultry slaughterhouses over a 12-month period. Salmonella was isolated on 32 carcasses leading to a prevalence of 7.52% (CI₉₅% = [5.01–10.05]). Thirteen different serotypes were identified. S. Indiana was the most preval ...
... Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. are foodborne pathogens frequently associated with foods such as poultry, ready-to-eat products, fruits and vegetables. PCR-based procedures are rapid, sensitive and accurate; in particular, real-time PCR (qPCR), which besides being an automated high-throughput technique, allows quantification of foodborne pathogens. In the prese ...
... In two abattoirs, each slaughtering both cattle and pigs, 100 cattle and 100 pigs were randomly selected and sampled. From each animal, two samples were taken: a) immediately after sticking of bovines or stunning of pigs, approximately 2000cm² hide (cattle) or 1500cm² skin (pigs) areas were sponge-swabbed; and b) at the end of slaughter line but before chilling, the same areas on corresponding dre ...
... A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was developed to simultaneously detect Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Streptococcus hemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus from foods. Six pairs of specific PCR primers were designed according to Salmonella invA, C. jejuni cdtA, L. monocy ...
... A scoping study was conducted to identify all published prevalence, risk factor, and intervention research investigating 16 microbial hazards in leafy green vegetables and to evaluate the volume, main characteristics, basic aspects of methodological soundness and/or reporting, and the main knowledge gaps and research needs. Our study included a comprehensive literature search, a replicable two-lev ...
... In the present study the antibacterial effect of three commercially available cutting boards containing silver zeolites or nanosilver was studied. Mixtures of five strains of Staphylococcus aureus were added to coupons of cutting boards followed by incubation at 35–93% relative humidity on open surfaces or at 100% relative humidity in the Japanese industrial standard film-test for 24 h. The silver ...
... This study evaluated the microbiological quality of 180 lettuce samples (Lactuca sativa) of the iceberg variety from different cropping systems and examined the efficacy of two sanitizers in reducing the bacterial counts. The results showed high contamination by mesophilic aerobic bacteria in traditionally grown and organically grown samples, which also possessed thermotolerant coliforms above the ...
Listeria; Salmonella; coliform bacteria; environmental factors; environmental quality; equipment; food handling; food safety; foodborne illness; good hygiene practices; hands; kitchens; meat products; microbiological quality; unit process; yeasts; Portugal
Abstract:
... Alheira de Vinhais is a traditional fermented meat product, produced in the North of Portugal, generally in small units called regional kitchens. In the present study, the requisites established by the European and Portuguese normatives and how these are being applied in these kitchens are discussed. In addition, the evaluation of the hygienic, sanitary and environmental conditions in those establ ...
... Washing procedures applied to fresh produce have the potential to reduce contamination from the surface of the product. However, the wash water may also serve as a source of contamination or has great potential to result in cross-contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate process handling cross-contamination potential and pathogen removal of initially low numbers of attached cells ...
... A novel PCR based assay was devised to specifically detect contamination of any Salmonella serovar in milk, fruit juice and ice-cream without pre-enrichment. This method utilizes primers against hilA gene which is conserved in all Salmonella serovars and absent from the close relatives of Salmonella. An optimized protocol, in terms time and money, is provided for the reduction of PCR contaminants ...
... CONTEXT: Broiler chicken carcass spray and dip treatments are just two of many different interventions investigated to address the need to reduce Salmonella prevalence and concentration on broiler chicken carcasses during processing. However the results of published research are inconsistent and sometimes contradictory creating a need to formally evaluate, synthesize and summarize available resear ...
research and development; risk; public health; Salmonella; diagnostic specificity; rapid methods; salmonellosis
Abstract:
... Food-borne Salmonellosis is a significant risk to public health. Despite wide variety of rapid molecular methods, the detection of Salmonella still requires at least one enrichment cultivation step. Altough the adjustment in the enrichment cultivation may significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of Salmonella diagnostics, the majority of current research focuses on the development of ...
... During the last decades food borne outbreaks associated with consumption of raw vegetables have been increasing and green leafy vegetables seem to be the most frequently implicated products. In order to determine the microbial quality and the incidence of the major food borne pathogens in Minimally Processed (MP) salads commercialized in Portugal, a survey was conducted in Lisbon Retail Markets, f ...
... Minimally processed fruits and vegetables are ready-to-eat and do not require further treatment at home. These foods are usually stored in a modified atmosphere and should be maintained at refrigerated conditions until consumption. These fruits and vegetables can become contaminated by foodborne pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes, and it has been demo ...
Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella; foods; management systems; microbiological criteria; microorganisms; probability distribution; public health; risk; risk assessment
Abstract:
... The distributions of microorganisms in foods impact the likelihood that a foodstuff will cause illness and therefore also impact the consequential public health burden. As part of food safety management systems, food is sampled and microbiologically tested. The effectiveness of the sampling programme is related to the spatial distribution of the microorganisms that are being sampled for. However, ...
... Salmonella may accumulate and proliferate in salt solutions that are reused during Kimchi production. To investigate the potential for inactivation of Salmonella in these solutions using the microwave-ultraviolet treatment system (MUTS), freshly prepared salt solutions were inoculated with Salmonella, treated with the MUTS, and studied for microbial inactivation. Based on the inactivation kinetics ...
DNA; Escherichia coli; Salmonella; Shigella; cell membranes; cell walls; food pathogens; gel electrophoresis; high pressure treatment; molecular weight; plate count; raw milk; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Plate counting, viability test, pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella and Staphyloccocus aureus in raw milk in order to determine the optimal inactivation conditions, and further understand the mechanisms of HHP on pathogens inactivation in fo ...
... This study was carried out to evaluate the microbiological quality of orange juice obtained from squeezing machines in foodservice establishments. The samples included fresh squeezed orange juice and juice which is maintained in metal jugs until consumption. According to the European Commission Regulation (No. 2073/2005 and No. 1441/2007) and Spanish microbiological criteria (No. 3484/2000), 12% a ...
... This study focused on biocide and antibiotic sensitivity in a collection of 378 isolates derived from 36 organic foods. Most isolates were sensitive to low concentrations of biocides, with MIC’s lower than 10 mg/l or 100 mg/l. Low percentages of isolates (0.3–5%) required higher biocide concentrations for inhibition, with MIC’s in the range of 1–10 g/l (as in the case of cetrimide, hexadecylpyridi ...
... In this study, a total of 172 samples of minimally processed vegetables (MPV) were collected from supermarkets in the city of Campinas, Brazil. The MPV were analyzed using traditional and/or alternative methods for total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, coagulase positive staphylococci, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. All the MPV analyzed presented populations ...
Escherichia coli O157; Salmonella; bean sprouts; coliform bacteria; control methods; fruits; health hazards; microbiological quality; plate count; raw fruit; salads; supermarkets; yeasts; Singapore
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to characterise the microbiological quality of selected common fresh vegetables and fruits commercially sold in Singapore in order to provide insight into any potential health hazards associated with consumption of these commodities. A total of 125 samples, collected from major supermarkets and local markets, were tested for aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial ...
... The aim of this study was to compare the performance of different pre-PCR treatments for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. by real-time PCR in spiked ready-to-eat meat samples (cooked ham, dry-cured ham and fermented sausage). Three different pre-PCR treatments were assayed: (i) PrepMan® Ultra Sample Preparation Reagent, (ii) DNA purification using DNeasy Tissue Kit and Q ...
Escherichia coli; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella; Staphylococcus aureus; cheeses; desserts; food pathogens; public health; risk; traditional foods
Abstract:
... In this study, the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were investigated in a total of 200 traditional food samples sold in the province of Balikesir in Turkey. L. monocytogenes was detected in 5% of Mihalic cheese samples and 3% of Hosmerim dessert samples. Salmonella spp. was not detected in any of foods. The high prevalence and contami ...
... In this study, we combined microbiological analyses; spot-check observations and in-depth interviews to study food safety in small restaurants in Antananarivo (Madagascar). We showed that faecal contaminations (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp.) occur at high rate in mixed salad sold in these restaurants. This is resulting from vendors’ unhygienic behaviours. We studied vendors’ motivations and pr ...
... The increase of foodborne outbreaks associated with fresh vegetables has highlighted the importance of developing rapid and specific methods for the detection and quantification of foodborne pathogens. In this sense, real-time PCR (qPCR) fulfills these requirements although it may detect dead cells. Recently, a potential strategy to specifically detect viable cells has been proposed relying on the ...
... Withholding of feed prior to transport (feed curfew) is practiced to reduce soiling during transport and optimise hide/fleece cleanliness at slaughter. However, as this represents only a portion of the time off feed before slaughter, the scope of this food safety and carcase hygiene review covers mustering-to-slaughter to enable the likely impact of the entire feed withholding period, and other re ...
... Goat breeding in Sardinia constitutes an important source of income for farming and shepherding activities. In this study 170 LAB strains were isolated from Sardinian goat’s milk and tested for bacteriocins production against several food-borne pathogenic microorganisms. Four isolates (SD1, SD2, SD3 and SD4) were selected for their effective inhibition on Listeria monocytogenes. The strains were c ...
Salmonella; chicken carcasses; compliance; industry; poultry meat; public health; raw meat; slaughter; social benefit; United States
Abstract:
... Selection of microbiologic standards for application to raw meat and poultry commodities should consider the public health benefits of such standards. This study describes a simplified framework for quantifying the public health benefits of a microbiologic performance standard. An example, based on the newly implemented Salmonella performance standard for raw broiler chicken carcasses in the Unite ...
... The aim of this research was to evaluate the risk of inoculated Salmonella persisting on the outside of the shell of hens' eggs. Hens' eggs were surface inoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella strains and stored for up to 54 days at 4, 10 and 20 °C and at 80 and 90% relative humidity. Salmonella survival showed an irregular pattern, with extremes of high recovery and no recovery. However, salmone ...
... Despite efforts done by industries some well known foodborne pathogens, like Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, continue to be a challenge to public health institutions and a threat for consumers. The aim of this study was to develop a complete, rapid and reliable multiplex real-time PCR (qPCR) method for the simultaneous detection of these two bacteria in food and environmental samples, ...
... The current system of post-mortem meat inspection, using typical macroscopic inspection techniques, is ineffective in identifying the most common foodborne illness hazards, e.g. Salmonella and Campylobacter. Therefore, there is a need to adopt a more appropriate, risk-based approach to meat inspection. One specific example of modifying traditional inspection techniques to represent a more cost-eff ...
... Consumer demand for use of fewer traditional antimicrobial agents in foods has driven research interest in development of plant based antimicrobial agents for use in food and food processing. The purpose of the present study was to investigate Ib-AMP1, a plant antimicrobial peptide (pAMP), isolated from seeds of Impatiens balsamina. Activity against foodborne pathogens, cytotoxicity to select huma ...
Andrés M. Cruz-Galvez; Carlos A. Gómez-Aldapa; José R. Villagómez-Ibarra; Norberto Chavarría-Hernández; Julio Rodríguez-Baños; Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas; Javier Castro-Rosas
... The antimicrobial effect of plant species used in traditional medicine in Hidalgo State, Mexico, against foodborne bacteria was evaluated in vitro and in raw beef. Plant extracts produced with water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, hexane and ethyl acetate were applied against fourteen foodborne bacteria by agar diffusion technique. For raw meat test, only the antibacterial effect of a mixture of wate ...
... The antimicrobial effects of sloe berry purees in processed and fresh form were investigated against four nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella spp. at 25 °C for 0, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 24 h, 48 h and at 4 °C for 30 min. The effect of pH on the antimicrobial efficacy was also determined in the neutralized fresh or processed fruit purees at 25 °C for 0 and 30 min. The results had showed that Salmonel ...
enrofloxacin; vancomycin; public health; antibiotic resistance; oxacillin; chicken eggs; colistin; multiple drug resistance; Salmonella Typhimurium; clindamycin; farms; serotypes; feces; foodborne illness; ampicillin; cloaca; eggs; bacteria; poultry; India
Abstract:
... The current study was carried out to detect Salmonella spp. contamination on poultry and poultry environmental samples of layer farms situated in Bareilly and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and serotype distribution of the isolates. A total of 720 samples of egg, feed, water, cloaca, and faeces were collected and screened for the presence of Salmonella. Twenty four (3.3%) of t ...
... Fresh produce, and in particular minimally processed leafy green vegetables, have been recognized as a source of transmission for foodborne pathogens of animal origin. In South-East Asian and other cultures the leaves of the banana plant (Musa sp.) are widely used as food wrappings or as serving plates because of their waxy surfaces and represent a largely uninvestigated leafy green product. This ...
... The objective of this work was to study the growth and development of fortuitous flora and food pathogens in the traditional Spanish cheese “Torta del Casar”. Sixteen batches of “Torta del Casar” were manufactured from the same unpasteurized Merino ewe's milk, using Cynara cardunculus L. rennets, corresponding to 16 plants, one for each batch. The cheeses were classified based on their texture spr ...
Campylobacter; European Union; Salmonella; chicken meat; control methods; food law; markets; models; raw meat; retail marketing; risk; risk assessment
Abstract:
... In 2006, the Danish government decided to take new measures to control Salmonella and Campylobacter in Danish and imported retail meat. The legal basis for these new measures was article 14 in the EU food law, which states that food shall not be placed on the market if it is unsafe, among others, for reasons of contamination. This provision allows each member state to make a specific risk assessme ...
... Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis, a disease of great concern due to high fatality rates. Furthermore the bacterium has the ability to survive under stressful conditions. The objectives of this study were to characterize and evaluate the effectiveness of new antilisteria bacteriocin designated as amysin produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain SP-1-13LM isolat ...
storage conditions; Monte Carlo method; salads; Salmonella Typhimurium; models; lettuce; cabbage; epiphytes; pathogens; Lactuca sativa var. capitata; flora; microbial growth; Listeria monocytogenes; temperature; inoculum
Abstract:
... The growth variability of low or high populations of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in fresh-cut lettuce and cabbage was studied. The salads were inoculated with a few (1–4) or 1000 cells/sample of the above organisms and stored at 8 °C. Their liquid or solidified sterile extracts were also inoculated with the same cell numbers to evaluate the behavior of pathogens in the presen ...
... The effect of Tween 20 on antimicrobial effects of acidic (lactic acid), neutral (cetyl pyridinium chloride) and alkaline (trisodium phosphate) decontaminants to reduce the numbers of Salmonella inoculated to broiler carcasses were studied. In addition, survival of Salmonella in waste decontamination fluids was investigated. For this purpose, an average of 7 ± 1 log10 cfu/ml Salmonella Enteritidis ...
... The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of four non-pharmaceutical compounds on performance, mortality of broilers and their ability to reduce colonization and fecal shedding of Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) in broilers following SH challenge and feed withdrawal. Chicks were randomly assigned to water treatments containing organic acids (OA), essential oils (EO), lactic acid (LA), l ...
... The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of mustard allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against five strains each of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes individually, and when combined by genus were studied in Mueller-Hinton broth at 21 or 37 °C as well as the interactive effects of pH (5.0–9.0) at temperatures of 4–21 °C on cell viability when held under these conditio ...