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1. Evaluation of Salvage Logging Productivity and Costs in Windthrown Norway Spruce-Dominated Forests

Author:
Kärhä, Kalle; Anttonen, Tuomas; Poikela, Asko; Palander, Teijo; Laurén, Ari; Peltola, Heli; Nuutinen, Yrjö
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Ips typographus; Picea abies; bark; climate; coniferous forests; cutting; economic valuation; forest damage; forest stands; salvage logging; stems; trees; windthrow; Finland; Norway
Abstract:
... Different abiotic and biotic disturbances are expected to become more common in the future due to a warming climate. Globally, post-disturbance salvage logging is becoming more predominant to recover economic value from timber in disturbed forests. This study collected comparative time-study data and analyzed the productivity of cutting for windfalls in clear cuttings and determined the cutting co ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050280

2. Interactions between Vegetation, Hydrology, and Litter Inputs on Decomposition and Soil CO<sub>2</sub> Efflux of Tropical Forests in the Brazilian Pantanal

Author:
Borges Pinto, Osvaldo; Vourlitis, George L; de Souza Carneiro, Edna Maria; De França Dias, Marizeth; Hentz, Cloe; de Souza Nogueira, Jose
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
basins; carbon; carbon cycle; climate change; edaphic factors; field experimentation; floodplains; land use; soil organic matter; soil respiration; soil water; temperature; tropical forests; Pantanal
Abstract:
... Climate change has the capacity to alter water availability and the litter production of tropical forests, which will alter rates of carbon (C) cycling and storage. We conducted a short-term field experiment in two hydrologically diverse forests in the Brazilian Pantanal to assess the initial response of litter decomposition and soil respiration (Rsoil) to variations in litter pool size. Total ann ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050281

3. Invasive Species May Disrupt Protected Area Networks: Insights from the Pine Wood Nematode Spread in Portugal

Author:
de la Fuente, Begoña; Beck, Pieter S. A.
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; coniferous forests; conservation areas; control methods; forest ecosystems; forest pests; geographic information systems; habitats; introduced species; invasive species; landscapes; models; probability; species diversity; Portugal; Spain
Abstract:
... The expansion of invasive alien species is considered a major threat to forest ecosystems and biodiversity. Their potential impacts range from local changes in species composition to wider-scale effects on forest habitat and landscape functioning, although the latter has been relatively little explored in the literature. Here, we assessed the impact of an invasive forest pest, the pine wood nemato ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050282

4. Seedling Quality: History, Application, and Plant Attributes

Author:
Grossnickle, Steven C.; MacDonald, Joanne E.
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
forest restoration; planting; seedlings
Abstract:
... Since the early 20th century, silviculturists have recognized the importance of planting seedlings with desirable attributes, and that these attributes are associated with successful seedling survival and growth after outplanting. Over the ensuing century, concepts on what is meant by a quality seedling have evolved to the point that these assessments now provide value to both the nursery practiti ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050283

5. Short-Term Vegetation Responses Following Windthrow Disturbance on Preserved Forest Lands

Author:
Manning, Douglas R.; Kaye, Margot W.; Perles, Stephanie J.; Mortensen, David A.
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
U.S. National Park Service; edge effects; forest canopy; forest land; forests; introduced plants; invasive species; monitoring; national parks; storms; windthrow; Eastern United States
Abstract:
... Invasive exotic plants pose a serious threat to the ecological integrity of forests in the eastern United States. Presence and expansion of these plants are closely associated with human-caused disturbances. Land preservation to exclude human-caused disturbances could protect against invasions, yet natural disturbances persist. We ask if windthrow forest disturbances in preserved National Park lan ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050278

6. Tree Vitality Assessment in Urban Landscapes

Author:
Callow, David; May, Peter; Johnstone, Denise M.
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Ulmus hollandica; Ulmus procera; bark; branches; carbon sequestration; chlorophyll; climatic factors; defoliation; drought; ecosystem services; landscapes; leaf water potential; trees; urban areas; urban forests; Australia
Abstract:
... The recent prolonged drought in Melbourne, Australia has had a deleterious effect on the urban forest, resulting in the premature decline of many mature trees and a consequent decline in the environmental services that trees are able to provide to urban residents. Measuring the severity of tree stress and defoliation due to various climatic factors is essential to the ongoing delivery of environme ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050279

7. The Application of Two Approaches Using GIS Technology Implementation in Forest Road Network Planning in an Italian Mountain Setting

Author:
Picchio, Rodolfo; Pignatti, Giuseppe; Marchi, Enrico; Latterini, Francesco; Benanchi, Mirko; Foderi, Cristiano; Venanzi, Rachele; Verani, Stefano
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
decision making; fire prevention; forest roads; forestry; forests; geographic information systems; logging; planning; recreation; road construction; sustainable forestry; Italy
Abstract:
... A well-planned forest road network is essential for meeting the goal of sustainable forest management. Forest roads play a key role in commercial purposes, fire prevention, and recreational activities. The aim of this work was to apply precision forestry in the analysis of the forest network of two forest ownerships in Tuscany. A proposal was formulated based on the information obtained regarding ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050277

8. Estimation of Forest Aboveground Biomass and Leaf Area Index Based on Digital Aerial Photograph Data in Northeast China

Author:
Li, Dan; Gu, Xingfa; Pang, Yong; Chen, Bowei; Liu, Luxia
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
aboveground biomass; algorithms; artificial intelligence; cameras; canopy; data collection; farms; forest growth; forest inventory; forests; leaf area index; orthophotography; photogrammetry; photographs; regression analysis; remote sensing; texture; unmanned aerial vehicles; China
Abstract:
... Forest aboveground biomass (AGB) and leaf area index (LAI) are two important parameters for evaluating forest growth and health. It is of great significance to estimate AGB and LAI accurately using remote sensing technology. Considering the temporal resolution and data acquisition costs, digital aerial photographs (DAPs) from a digital camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle or light, small a ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050275

9. Solid Wood Properties Assessed by Non-Destructive Measurements of Standing European Larch (<i>Larix decidua</i> Mill.): Environmental Effects on Variation within and among Trees and Forest Stands

Author:
Škorpík, Petr; Konrad, Heino; Geburek, Thomas; Schuh, Michael; Vasold, David; Eberhardt, Michael; Schueler, Silvio
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Larix decidua; afforestation; breeding programs; climate; environmental impact; forest stands; forests; hybrids; landscapes; mountains; nondestructive methods; tree age; tree breeding; trees; wood; wood properties; wood quality
Abstract:
... To avoid unintentional loss of wood quality when selecting for higher productivity in tree breeding programs, non-destructive methods for fast and reliable assessment of wood quality on standing trees are required. In this study, we tested and applied Pilodyn penetration (PP) and measures of stress wave velocity (SWV) in trees within a European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) breeding program. Through ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050276

10. Biophysical Factors Affecting Forest Cover Changes in Community Forestry: A Country Scale Analysis in Cambodia

Author:
Lonn, Pichdara; Mizoue, Nobuya; Ota, Tetsuji; Kajisa, Tsuyoshi; Yoshida, Shigejiro
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
altitude; case studies; community forestry; data collection; deforestation; developing countries; forests; markets; poverty; regression analysis; roads; villages; Cambodia
Abstract:
... Community forestry (CF) is increasingly used in developing countries to achieve both the socioeconomic outcome of poverty reduction and an ecological outcome. There have been many single case studies in a specific region to identify the factors affecting the success or failure of CF. Other studies have used large-N data collected from multiple countries. However, there is a dearth of large-N studi ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050273

11. Predicting Growing Stock Volume of Scots Pine Stands Using Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery and Airborne Image-Derived Point Clouds

Author:
Hawryło, Paweł; Wężyk, Piotr
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Pinus sylvestris; canopy; data collection; forest stands; forestry; models; prediction; reflectance; regression analysis; remote sensing; stand characteristics; sustainable forestry
Abstract:
... Estimation of forest stand parameters using remotely sensed data has considerable significance for sustainable forest management. Wide and free access to the collection of medium-resolution optical multispectral Sentinel-2 satellite images is very important for the practical application of remote sensing technology in forestry. This study assessed the accuracy of Sentinel-2-based growing stock vol ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050274

12. Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Urban Forest Basal Area under China’s Rapid Urban Expansion and Greening: Implications for Urban Green Infrastructure Management

Author:
Ren, Zhibin; He, Xingyuan; Zheng, Haifeng; Wei, Hongxu
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
ecosystems; green infrastructure; landscapes; models; prediction; remote sensing; suburban areas; thematic maps; urban areas; urban forests; urbanization; China
Abstract:
... Urban forest (UF) basal area is an important parameter of UF structures, which can influence the functions of the UF ecosystem. However, the spatio-temporal pattern of the basal area in a given UF in regions under rapid urbanization and greening is still not well documented. Our study explores the potential of estimating spatio-temporal UF basal area by using Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. In our s ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050272

13. Building Resistance and Resilience: Regeneration Should Not be Left to Chance

Author:
Long, James N.; Windmuller-Campione, Marcella; DeRose, R. Justin
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Dendroctonus ponderosae; Dendroctonus rufipennis; bark beetles; forest management; forests; overstory; planning; reproduction; shelterwood systems; species diversity; trees; Intermountain West region; United States
Abstract:
... Contemporary forest planning has tasked managers with developing goals associated with resistance and resilience. In practice, silviculturists use forest structure and tree species composition to characterize goals and desired future conditions, write prescriptions, and monitor outcomes associated with resistance and resilience. Although rarely discussed in the exploding literature relating to for ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050270

14. How Forest Gap and Elevation Shaped <i>Abies faxoniana</i> Rehd. et Wils. Regeneration in a Subalpine Coniferous Forest, Southwestern China

Author:
Chen, Li; Liu, Guohua; Liu, Dan
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Abies fargesii var. faxoniana; altitude; canopy gaps; carbon; coniferous forests; dominant species; forest management; ground vegetation; landscapes; mosses and liverworts; photons; photosynthesis; shrubs; soil; structural equation modeling; temperature; tree and stand measurements; trees; China
Abstract:
... Focusing on the underlying ecological mechanisms of dominant species regeneration in forest gaps at a landscape scale can provide detailed understanding for gap-based forest management. The individual effects of forest gaps or elevation on the regeneration of Abies faxoniana Rehd. et Wils. are well known, although elucidating how gap characteristics and elevation concurrently influence regeneratio ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050271

15. Detecting and Attributing Drivers of Forest Disturbance in the Colombian Andes Using Landsat Time-Series

Author:
Murillo-Sandoval, Paulo J.; Hilker, Thomas; Krawchuk, Meg A.; Van Den Hoek, Jamon
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Landsat; algorithms; automation; biodiversity; cloud cover; forest damage; forests; hills; land use change; monitoring; national parks; pastures; spatial data; time series analysis; topography; Andes region; Colombia
Abstract:
... The Colombian Andes foothills have seen an expansion of forest disturbance since the 1950s. While understanding the drivers of disturbance is important for quantifying the implications of land use change on regional biodiversity, methods for attributing disturbance to specific drivers of change at a high temporal and spatial resolution are still lacking in the Andes region, in part due to persiste ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050269

16. Machine Learning Approaches for Estimating Forest Stand Height Using Plot-Based Observations and Airborne LiDAR Data

Author:
Lee, Junghee; Im, Jungho; Kim, Kyungmin; Quackenbush, Lindi J.
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
artificial intelligence; descriptive statistics; forest ecosystems; forest inventory; forest management; forest stands; forest types; landscapes; lidar; models; regression analysis; sustainable forestry; tree and stand measurements; trees; South Korea
Abstract:
... Effective sustainable forest management for broad areas needs consistent country-wide forest inventory data. A stand-level inventory is appropriate as a minimum unit for local and regional forest management. South Korea currently produces a forest type map that contains only four categorical parameters. Stand height is a crucial forest attribute for understanding forest ecosystems that is currentl ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050268

17. Climate Change-Induced Shift of Tree Growth Sensitivity at a Central Himalayan Treeline Ecotone

Author:
Schwab, Niels; Kaczka, Ryszard J.; Janecka, Karolina; Böhner, Jürgen; Chaudhary, Ram P.; Scholten, Thomas; Schickhoff, Udo
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Abies alba; climate; drought; ecotones; global warming; growth rings; summer; temperature; tree growth; treeline; trees; wood density; Nepal
Abstract:
... Himalayan treelines are exposed to above average climate change impact, resulting in complex tree growth–climate relationships for Himalayan Silver Fir (Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach) at central Himalayan treelines. The majority of recent studies detected current tree growth sensitivity to dry conditions during pre-monsoon seasons. The aim of this study was to analyze growth–climate ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050267

18. Recruitment Niches of <i>Enterolobium contortisiliquum</i> (Vell.) Morong: Functional Acclimations to Light

Author:
Naves, Vicente Luiz; Rambal, Serge; Barbosa, João Paulo R. A. D.; Castro, Evaristo Mauro de; Pasqual, Moacir
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Enterolobium contortisiliquum; carotenoids; chlorophyll; forest succession; leaf area; leaves; niches; photosynthetically active radiation; reforestation; roots; seedlings; shade; shoots; trees; Brazil
Abstract:
... Adjustments that a tree species displays in acclimating to light conditions may explain its fate in different forest successional stages. Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong is a tree found in contrasting light environments and used in reforestation programs because of its rapid growth. This study analyzed the performance of tamboril seedlings grown in three light environments: FS—f ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050266

19. Quantitative Spatiotemporal Oil Body Ultrastructure Helps to Verify the Distinct Lipid Deposition Patterns in Benzoin Endosperm and Embryo Cells

Author:
Zhang, Zihan; Luo, Ying; Wang, Xiaojun; Yu, Fangyuan
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Styrax tonkinensis; biofuels; biosynthesis; computer software; diacylglycerol acyltransferase; endosperm; fatty acids; feedstocks; flowering; lipid bodies; lipid content; seed oils; seeds; tissues; transmission electron microscopy; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... Seed oil content is an important characteristic for the potential biofuel feedstock benzoin (Styrax tonkinensis). With the aim of further understanding benzoin lipid biosynthesis, the endosperm and embryo cell ultrastructures were acquired through transmission electron microscopy (TEM); the relative oil body area per cell (ROA) and oil body diameter (OBD) were then calculated by analyzing TEM imag ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050265

20. Effects of Increased Soil Scarification Intensity on Natural Regeneration of Scots Pine <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L. and Birch <i>Betula</i> spp. L.

Author:
Saursaunet, Mona; Mathisen, Karen Marie; Skarpe, Christina
Source:
Forests 2018 v.9 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4907
Subject:
Alces alces; Betula pubescens; Pinus sylvestris; browsing damage; humus; long term effects; mineral soils; natural regeneration; plant establishment; risk; seedlings; trees; Scandinavia
Abstract:
... Achieving an optimal density of trees is essential for the final yield in commercial forestry. Soil scarification is commonly used in Scandinavia in order to produce successful regenerations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), especially in areas with risk of browsing damage by moose (Alces alces L.). The research presented in this paper provides knowledge on how increased intensity of soil scari ...
DOI:
10.3390/f9050262