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You searched for: Journal Global change biology Remove constraint Journal: Global change biology Publication Year 2018 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2018 Source 2018 v.24 no.9 Remove constraint Source: 2018 v.24 no.9
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1. Aboveground carbon sequestration in dry temperate forests varies with climate not fire regime

Author:
Gordon, Christopher E.; Bendall, Eli R.; Stares, Mitchell G.; Collins, Luke; Bradstock, Ross A.
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4280-4292
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
aboveground biomass; atmospheric precipitation; basins; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide fixation; carbon sequestration; climate change; climatic factors; fire frequency; fire regime; fire severity; models; plant communities; plant tissues; prediction; temperate forests; temperature; trees; wildfires; Australia
Abstract:
... The storage of carbon in plant tissues and debris has been proposed as a method to offset anthropogenic increases in atmospheric [CO₂]. Temperate forests represent significant above‐ground carbon (AGC) “sinks” because their relatively fast growth and slow decay rates optimise carbon assimilation. Fire is a common disturbance event in temperate forests globally that should strongly influence AGC be ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14308

2. Amazon soil charcoal: Pyrogenic carbon stock depends of ignition source distance and forest type in Roraima, Brazil

Author:
da Silva Carvalho, Lidiany C.; Fearnside, Philip M.; Nascimento, Marcelo T.; Barbosa, Reinaldo I.
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4122-4130
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
carbon; carbon sinks; charcoal; deciduous forests; ecotones; forest soils; spatial distribution; uncertainty; Amazonia; Brazil
Abstract:
... Pyrogenic carbon (PyC) derived from charcoal particles (paleo + modern) deposited in the soil column has been little studied in the Amazon, and our understanding of the factors that control the spatial and vertical distribution of these materials in the region's forest soils is still unclear. The objective of this study was to test the effect of forest type and distance from the ignition source on ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14277

3. A meta‐analysis of temperature sensitivity as a microbial trait

Author:
Alster, Charlotte J.; Weller, Zachary D.; von Fischer, Joseph C.
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4211-4224
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
bacteria; carbon dioxide production; climate change; denitrification; foods; fungi; heat; meta-analysis; microbial ecology; models; oceans; soil; temperature; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... Traits‐based approaches in microbial ecology provide a valuable way to abstract organismal interaction with the environment and to generate hypotheses about community function. Using macromolecular rate theory (MMRT), we recently identified that temperature sensitivity can be characterized as a distinct microbial trait. As temperature is fundamental in controlling biological reactions, variation i ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14342

4. A spatially explicit representation of conservation agriculture for application in global change studies

Author:
Prestele, Reinhard; Hirsch, Annette L.; Davin, Edouard L.; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Verburg, Peter H.
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4038-4053
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
adverse effects; agricultural conservation practice; agricultural land; arable soils; climate; climate change; crop residue management; crop rotation; ecosystems; greenhouse gas emissions; leaching; models; no-tillage; reduced tillage; socioeconomic factors; soil erosion; solar radiation; uncertainty; water resources
Abstract:
... Conservation agriculture (CA) is widely promoted as a sustainable agricultural management strategy with the potential to alleviate some of the adverse effects of modern, industrial agriculture such as large‐scale soil erosion, nutrient leaching and overexploitation of water resources. Moreover, agricultural land managed under CA is proposed to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14307
PubMed:
29749125
PubMed Central:
PMC6120452

5. Biomass responses in a temperate European grassland through 17 years of elevated CO2

Author:
Andresen, Louise C.; Yuan, Naiming; Seibert, Ruben; Moser, Gerald; Kammann, Claudia I.; Luterbacher, Jürg; Erbs, Martin; Müller, Christoph
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 3875-3885
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
C3 plants; aboveground biomass; biomass production; carbon dioxide; ecosystems; forbs; free air carbon dioxide enrichment; grasses; grasslands; legumes; models; moieties; soil water; solar radiation
Abstract:
... Future increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentrations will potentially enhance grassland biomass production and shift the functional group composition with consequences for ecosystem functioning. In the “GiFACE” experiment (Giessen Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment), fertilized grassland plots were fumigated with elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) year‐round during daylight hours since 1998, at a level of +20% rela ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.13705

6. Carbon assimilation and transfer through kelp forests in the NE Atlantic is diminished under a warmer ocean climate

Author:
Pessarrodona, Albert; Moore, Pippa J.; Sayer, Martin D. J.; Smale, Dan A.
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4386-4398
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
Laminaria; biomass; carbon; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide fixation; climate; ecosystems; environmental factors; forests; geographical distribution; habitats; macroalgae; ocean warming; primary productivity; Europe
Abstract:
... Global climate change is affecting carbon cycling by driving changes in primary productivity and rates of carbon fixation, release and storage within Earth's vegetated systems. There is, however, limited understanding of how carbon flow between donor and recipient habitats will respond to climatic changes. Macroalgal‐dominated habitats, such as kelp forests, are gaining recognition as important ca ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14303
PubMed:
29862600
PubMed Central:
PMC6120504

7. Carbon stocks, sequestration, and emissions of wetlands in south eastern Australia

Author:
Carnell, Paul E.; Windecker, Saras M.; Brenker, Madeline; Baldock, Jeff; Masque, Pere; Brunt, Kate; Macreadie, Peter I.
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4173-4184
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
botanical composition; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon footprint; carbon markets; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; drainage; emissions; freshwater; marshes; surveys; wetland soils; Australia
Abstract:
... Nontidal wetlands are estimated to contribute significantly to the soil carbon pool across the globe. However, our understanding of the occurrence and variability of carbon storage between wetland types and across regions represents a major impediment to the ability of nations to include wetlands in greenhouse gas inventories and carbon offset initiatives. We performed a large‐scale survey of nont ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14319

8. Catalytic power of enzymes decreases with temperature: New insights for understanding soil C cycling and microbial ecology under warming

Author:
Alvarez, Gaël; Shahzad, Tanvir; Andanson, Laurence; Bahn, Michael; Wallenstein, Matthew D.; Fontaine, Sébastien
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4238-4250
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
activation energy; carbon dioxide; catalytic activity; ecosystems; enzyme inactivation; enzyme stability; enzymes; global warming; heat inactivation; microbial biomass; microbial ecology; microorganisms; mineralization; models; monitoring; polymerization; seasonal variation; soil; soil organic carbon; temperature
Abstract:
... Most current models of soil C dynamics predict that climate warming will accelerate soil C mineralization, resulting in a long‐term CO₂ release and positive feedback to global warming. However, ecosystem warming experiments show that CO₂ loss from warmed soils declines to control levels within a few years. Here, we explore the temperature dependence of enzymatic conversion of polymerized soil orga ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14281

9. Causes of reduced leaf‐level photosynthesis during strong El Niño drought in a Central Amazon forest

Author:
Santos, Victor Alexandre Hardt Ferreira dos; Ferreira, Marciel José; Rodrigues, João Victor Figueiredo Cardoso; Garcia, Maquelle Neves; Ceron, João Vitor Barbosa; Nelson, Bruce Walker; Saleska, Scott Reid
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4266-4279
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
El Nino; Oxisols; canopy; chlorophyll; drought; dry season; fluorescence; forests; gas exchange; leaves; nutrient content; photosynthesis; stomatal movement; temperature; tree mortality; trees; understory; Amazonia
Abstract:
... Sustained drought and concomitant high temperature may reduce photosynthesis and cause tree mortality. Possible causes of reduced photosynthesis include stomatal closure and biochemical inhibition, but their relative roles are unknown in Amazon trees during strong drought events. We assessed the effects of the recent (2015) strong El Niño drought on leaf‐level photosynthesis of Central Amazon tree ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14293

10. Coastal ecosystems on a tipping point: Global warming and parasitism combine to alter community structure and function

Author:
Mouritsen, Kim N.; Sørensen, Mikkel M.; Poulin, Robert; Fredensborg, Brian L.
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4340-4356
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
Amphipoda; Maritrema; community structure; ecosystems; global warming; littoral zone; parasites; parasitism; species diversity; surveys; temperature
Abstract:
... Mounting evidence suggests that the transmission of certain parasites is facilitated by increasing temperatures, causing their host population to decline. However, no study has yet addressed how temperature and parasitism may combine to shape the functional structure of a whole host community in the face of global warming. Here, we apply an outdoor mesocosm approach supported by field surveys to e ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14312

11. Community disassembly under global change: Evidence in favor of the stress‐dominance hypothesis

Author:
Kuczynski, Lucie; Grenouillet, Gaël
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4417-4427
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
biodiversity; ecological invasion; fish communities; freshwater fish; global change; habitats; models; phylogeny; temperature; temporal variation; time series analysis
Abstract:
... Ecological theory suggests that communities are not random combinations of species but rather the results of community assembly processes filtering and sorting species that are able to coexist together. To date, such processes (i.e., assembly rules) have been inferred from observed spatial patterns of biodiversity combined with null model approaches, but relatively few attempts have been made to a ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14320

12. Constraining estimates of global soil respiration by quantifying sources of variability

Author:
Jian, Jinshi; Steele, Meredith K.; Thomas, R. Quinn; Day, Susan D.; Hodges, Steven C.
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4143-4159
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
atmospheric precipitation; carbon; carbon sinks; climate; climate change; global carbon budget; meteorological data; models; prediction; soil respiration; temperature; uncertainty
Abstract:
... Quantifying global soil respiration (RSG) and its response to temperature change are critical for predicting the turnover of terrestrial carbon stocks and their feedbacks to climate change. Currently, estimates of RSG range from 68 to 98 Pg C year⁻¹, causing considerable uncertainty in the global carbon budget. We argue the source of this variability lies in the upscaling assumptions regarding the ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14301

13. Cross‐scale controls on carbon emissions from boreal forest megafires

Author:
Walker, Xanthe J.; Rogers, Brendan M.; Baltzer, Jennifer L.; Cumming, Steven G.; Day, Nicola J.; Goetz, Scott J.; Johnstone, Jill F.; Schuur, Edward A. G.; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Mack, Michelle C.
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4251-4265
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
North Americans; Picea mariana; Pinus banksiana; boreal forests; carbon; climate; combustion; drainage; drying; emissions; fire regime; fire weather; global warming; models; net ecosystem production; spatial variation; surface water; terrestrial ecosystems; wildfires; Northwest Territories
Abstract:
... Climate warming and drying is associated with increased wildfire disturbance and the emergence of megafires in North American boreal forests. Changes to the fire regime are expected to strongly increase combustion emissions of carbon (C) which could alter regional C balance and positively feedback to climate warming. In order to accurately estimate C emissions and thereby better predict future cli ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14287

14. Defining a land boundary for sustainable livestock consumption

Author:
Van Zanten, Hannah H. E.; Herrero, Mario; Van Hal, Ollie; Röös, Elin; Muller, Adrian; Garnett, Tara; Gerber, Pierre J.; Schader, Christian; De Boer, Imke J. M.
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4185-4194
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
animal-based foods; arable soils; biomass; circular economy; grains; grasses; human nutrition; land use; livestock; livestock feeds; livestock production; streams; sustainable development; Africa; Asia
Abstract:
... The need for more sustainable production and consumption of animal source food (ASF) is central to the achievement of the sustainable development goals: within this context, wise use of land is a core challenge and concern. A key question in feeding the future world is: how much ASF should we eat? We demonstrate that livestock raised under the circular economy concept could provide a significant, ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14321

15. Disentangling the effects of acidic air pollution, atmospheric CO2, and climate change on recent growth of red spruce trees in the Central Appalachian Mountains

Author:
Mathias, Justin M.; Thomas, Richard B.
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 3938-3953
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
Clean Air Act; Picea rubens; air; air pollutants; air pollution; carbon; carbon dioxide; climate change; emissions; forest ecosystems; forest health; gas exchange; growth rings; indicator species; laws and regulations; leaves; nitrogen; nitrogen oxides; photosynthesis; spring; stable isotopes; stomatal conductance; sulfur; tree growth; trees; water use efficiency; Appalachian region; Eastern United States
Abstract:
... In the 45 years after legislation of the Clean Air Act, there has been tremendous progress in reducing acidic air pollutants in the eastern United States, yet limited evidence exists that cleaner air has improved forest health. Here, we investigate the influence of recent environmental changes on the growth and physiology of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees, a key indicator species of forest ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14273

16. Dominant regions and drivers of the variability of the global land carbon sink across timescales

Author:
Zhang, Xuanze; Wang, Ying‐Ping; Peng, Shushi; Rayner, Peter J.; Ciais, Philippe; Silver, Jeremy D.; Piao, Shilong; Zhu, Zaichun; Lu, Xingjie; Zheng, Xiaogu
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 3954-3968
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
arid lands; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon sinks; models; primary productivity; semiarid zones; temperature; terrestrial ecosystems; tropical rain forests; variance
Abstract:
... Net biome productivity (NBP) dominates the observed large variation of atmospheric CO₂ annual increase over the last five decades. However, the dominant regions controlling inter‐annual to multi‐decadal variability of global NBP are still controversial (semi‐arid regions vs. temperate or tropical forests). By developing a theory for partitioning the variance of NBP into the contributions of net pr ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14275

17. Effects of climate legacies on above‐ and belowground community assembly

Author:
Delgado‐Baquerizo, Manuel; Eldridge, David J.; Travers, Samantha K.; Val, James; Oliver, Ian; Bissett, Andrew
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4330-4339
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
climate; global change; prediction; soil properties; temperature; terrestrial ecosystems
Abstract:
... The role of climatic legacies in regulating community assembly of above‐ and belowground species in terrestrial ecosystems remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. Here, we report on two separate regional and continental empirical studies, including >500 locations, aiming to identify the relative importance of climatic legacies (climatic anomaly over the last 20,000 years) compared to cur ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14306

18. Elevated carbon dioxide and warming impact silicon and phenolic‐based defences differently in native and exotic grasses

Author:
Johnson, Scott N.; Hartley, Susan E.
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 3886-3896
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
Microlaena stipoides; abiotic stress; air temperature; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide enrichment; chemical composition; climate; climate change; dry environmental conditions; grasses; herbivores; indigenous species; introduced plants; nitrogen; phenolic compounds; plant biochemistry; plant growth; plasticity; secondary metabolites; silicon; Australia
Abstract:
... Global climate change may increase invasions of exotic plant species by directly promoting the success of invasive/exotic species or by reducing the competitive abilities of native species. Changes in plant chemistry, leading to altered susceptibility to stress, could mediate these effects. Grasses are hyper‐accumulators of silicon, which play a crucial function in the alleviation of diverse bioti ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.13971

19. Explaining the doubling of N2O emissions under elevated CO2 in the Giessen FACE via in‐field 15N tracing

Author:
Moser, Gerald; Gorenflo, André; Brenzinger, Kristof; Keidel, Lisa; Braker, Gesche; Marhan, Sven; Clough, Tim J.; Müller, Christoph
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 3897-3910
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
air; ammonium; ammonium nitrate; carbon dioxide; climate change; denitrification; energy; exudation; fertilizers; free air carbon dioxide enrichment; grasslands; greenhouse gas emissions; mineralization; models; nitrite reductase; nitrogen; nitrous oxide; oxidation; plant growth; soil; soil organic matter; stable isotopes
Abstract:
... Rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations are expected to increase nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from soils via changes in microbial nitrogen (N) transformations. Several studies have shown that N₂O emission increases under elevated atmospheric CO₂ (eCO₂), but the underlying processes are not yet fully understood. Here, we present results showing changes in soil N transformation dynamics from the Gies ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14136

20. Factors regulating carbon sinks in mangrove ecosystems

Author:
Li, Shi‐Bo; Chen, Po‐Hung; Huang, Jih‐Sheng; Hsueh, Mei‐Li; Hsieh, Li‐Yung; Lee, Chen‐Lu; Lin, Hsing‐Juh
Source:
Global change biology 2018 v.24 no.9 pp. 4195-4210
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
sediments; rivers; plant litter; trapping; isotopes; principal component analysis; organic carbon; environmental factors; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; Kandelia; Avicennia marina; ecosystems; biomass; vegetation; Taiwan
Abstract:
... Mangroves are recognized as one of the richest carbon storage systems. However, the factors regulating carbon sinks in mangrove ecosystems are still unclear, particularly in the subtropical mangroves. The biomass, production, litterfall, detrital export and decomposition of the dominant mangrove vegetation in subtropical (Kandelia obovata) and tropical (Avicennia marina) Taiwan were quantified fro ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.14322