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Global change biology
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7991-2009
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2009 v.15 no.11
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- Author:
- MEERSMANS, J.; VAN WESEMAEL, B.; DE RIDDER, F.; FALLAS DOTTI, M.; DE BAETS, S.; VAN MOLLE, M.
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2739-2750
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- agricultural soils; sandy soils; soil organic carbon; texture; cropland; land use; models; livestock; plows; silt; soil air; topsoil; silt loam soils; drainage; crop rotation; grasslands; databases; Belgium
- Abstract:
- ... In most studies concerning the carbon (C) exchange between soil and atmosphere only the topsoil (0-0.3 m) is taken into account. However, it has been shown that important amounts of stable soil organic carbon (SOC) are also stored at greater depth. Here, we developed a quantitative model to estimate the evolution of the distribution of SOC with depth between 1960 (database 'Aardewerk') and 2006 in ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01855.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01855.x
2. Critical periods for impact of climate warming on early seedling establishment in subarctic tundra
- Author:
- SHEVTSOVA, ANNA; GRAAE, BENTE JESSEN; JOCHUM, TILL; MILBAU, ANN; KOCKELBERGH, FRED; BEYENS, LOUIS; NIJS, IVAN
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2662-2680
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- additive effect; adverse effects; air temperature; biogeography; containers; ecosystems; germination; global warming; graminoids; heat; models; seedlings; seeds; species recruitment; summer; surface temperature; tundra
- Abstract:
- ... Climate warming is expected to shift bioclimatic zones and plant species distribution. Yet, few studies have explored whether seedling establishment is a possible bottleneck for future migration and population resilience. We test how warming affects the early stages of seedling establishment in 10 plant species in subarctic tundra. To zoom into the life phases where the effects of warming actually ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01947.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01947.x
- Author:
- GIRARDIN, MARTIN P.; ALI, ADAM A.; CARCAILLET, CHRISTOPHER; MUDELSEE, MANFRED; DROBYSHEV, IGOR; HÉLY, CHRISTELLE; BERGERON, YVES
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2751-2769
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- climate change; dendrochronology; drought; ecoregions; evapotranspiration; forest stands; occurrence; risk; soil; summer; taiga; temperature; temporal variation; variance; wildfires; Canada; Eurasia
- Abstract:
- ... We investigated changes in wildfire risk over the 1901-2002 ( ad) period with an analysis of broad-scale patterns of July monthly drought code (MDC) variability on 28 forested ecoregions of the North American and Eurasian continents. The MDC is an estimate of the net effect of changes in evapotranspiration and precipitation on cumulative moisture depletion in soils, and is well correlated with ann ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01869.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01869.x
- Author:
- JANZEN, H.H.
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2770-2778
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- anthropogenic activities; ecosystem management; ecosystems; humans
- Abstract:
- ... Long-term ecological sites are 'listening places'- places where we press our ears to the earth and strain to hear its pulse. Such sites will be needed especially in coming decades, as ecosystems throughout the world face mounting stresses, mostly from human influences. My aim, in these musings, is to elicit conversation, by way of seven questions, about how best to look after the long-term sites, ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01971.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01971.x
- Author:
- HARGRAVE, CHAD W.; GARY, KAITLEN P.; ROSADO, SAMIR K.
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2779-2790
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- carbon dioxide; food webs; invertebrates; primary productivity; topographic slope; secondary productivity; nutrient uptake; food quality; climate change; carbon; free air carbon dioxide enrichment; air; pH; ecosystems; streams; aquatic habitat; biomass; autotrophs; Great Plains region; North America
- Abstract:
- ... Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO₂) has been shown to have a variety of ecosystem-level effects in terrestrial systems, but few studies have examined how eCO₂ might affect aquatic habitats. This limits broad generalizations about the effects of a changing climate across biomes. To broaden this generalization, we used free air CO₂ enrichment to compare effects of eCO₂ (i.e., double ambient ~ ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01897.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01897.x
- Author:
- NEWSHAM, KEVIN K.; ROBINSON, SHARON A.
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2574-2589
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- DNA damage; light intensity; plant response; field experimentation; Bryopsida; ultraviolet radiation; fluorescence; carotenoids; Angiospermae; photosynthesis; leaves; lamps; leaf area; thallus; pigments; meta-analysis; aboveground biomass; regression analysis; latitude; chlorophyll; vegetation; Antarctica; Arctic region; Antarctic region
- Abstract:
- ... We report a meta-analysis of data from 34 field studies into the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on Arctic and Antarctic bryophytes and angiosperms. The studies measured plant responses to decreases in UVB radiation under screens, natural fluctuations in UVB irradiance or increases in UVB radiation applied from fluorescent UV lamps. Exposure to UVB radiation was found to increase the conc ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01944.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01944.x
- Author:
- MULDER, CHRISTIAN; ELSER, JAMES J.
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2730-2738
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- allometry; biomass; ecosystems; grasslands; phosphorus; ribosomal RNA; soil food webs; soil invertebrates; soil pH; stoichiometry; Netherlands
- Abstract:
- ... The factors regulating the structure of food webs are a central focus of community and ecosystem ecology, as trophic interactions among species have important impacts on nutrient storage and cycling in many ecosystems. For soil invertebrates in grassland ecosystems in the Netherlands, the site-specific slopes of the faunal biomass to organism body mass relationships reflected basic biochemical and ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01899.x
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3597259
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01899.x
- Author:
- MERBOLD, L.; KUTSCH, W.L.; CORRADI, C.; KOLLE, O.; REBMANN, C.; STOY, P.C.; ZIMOV, S.A.; SCHULZE, E.-D.
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2599-2614
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- canopy; carbon; carbon dioxide; drainage; drainage channels; ecosystems; eddy covariance; field experimentation; floods; global warming; grasses; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; melting; methane; permafrost; spring; summer; thawing; tundra; water table; Arctic region; Russia
- Abstract:
- ... Ecosystem flux measurements using the eddy covariance (EC) technique were undertaken in 4 subsequent years during summer for a total of 562 days in an arctic wet tundra ecosystem, located near Cherskii, Far-Eastern Federal District, Russia. Methane (CH₄) emissions were measured using permanent chambers. The experimental field is characterized by late thawing of permafrost soils in June and periodi ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01962.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01962.x
- Author:
- YANG, YUANHE; FANG, JINGYUN; SMITH, PETE; TANG, YANHONG; CHEN, ANPING; JI, CHENGJUN; HU, HUIFENG; RAO, SHENG; TAN, KUN; HE, JIN-SHENG
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2723-2729
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- plateaus; grasses; terrestrial ecosystems; soil organic carbon; humans; vegetation index; soil surveys; carbon sinks; global warming; losses from soil; remote sensing; topsoil; grasslands; climate; China
- Abstract:
- ... Climate warming is likely inducing carbon loss from soils of northern ecosystems, but little evidence comes from large-scale observations. Here we used data from a repeated soil survey and remote sensing vegetation index to explore changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock on the Tibetan Plateau during the past two decades. Our results showed that SOC stock in the top 30 cm depth in alpine grassl ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01924.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01924.x
- Author:
- GILG, OLIVIER; SITTLER, BENOÎT; HANSKI, ILKKA
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2634-2652
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- Bubo scandiacus; Mustela erminea; Vulpes lagopus; climate change; demography; dynamic models; extinction; life history; population density; population dynamics; predator-prey relationships; predators; time series analysis; vertebrates; Arctic region; Greenland
- Abstract:
- ... The high Arctic has the world's simplest terrestrial vertebrate predator-prey community, with the collared lemming being the single main prey of four predators, the snowy owl, the Arctic fox, the long-tailed skua, and the stoat. Using a 20-year-long time series of population densities for the five species and a dynamic model that has been previously parameterized for northeast Greenland, we analyz ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01927.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01927.x
- Author:
- CHESSMAN, BRUCE C.
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2791-2802
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- air; altitude; aquatic invertebrates; biological assessment; climate change; freshwater; habitats; heat tolerance; latitude; longitude; macroinvertebrates; population dynamics; rain; regression analysis; risk; rivers; water temperature; New South Wales
- Abstract:
- ... Over the period from 1994 to 2007, air and water temperatures in the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) increased while rainfall and river flows declined. Data on the occurrence of stream macroinvertebrate families in bioassessment samples collected in NSW during this period were examined to see whether a biological response to these climatic and hydrological trends could be discerned. Mult ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01840.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01840.x
- Author:
- VORS, LIV SOLVEIG; BOYCE, MARK STEPHEN
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2626-2633
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- Rangifer tarandus; global warming; herds; landscapes; phenology; population dynamics; reindeer; temperature; weather
- Abstract:
- ... Caribou and reindeer herds are declining across their circumpolar range, coincident with increasing arctic temperatures and precipitation, and anthropogenic landscape change. Here, we examine the mechanisms by which climate warming and anthropogenic landscape change influence caribou and reindeer population dynamics, namely changes in phenology, spatiotemporal changes in species overlap, and incre ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01974.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01974.x
- Author:
- HAUCK, MARKUS
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2653-2661
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- epiphytes; global warming; heathlands; land use; lichens; montane forests; sulfur dioxide; Central European region
- Abstract:
- ... Lichens are thought to be sensitive indicators of global warming, as the spread of several thermophilous epiphytes in north-western Central Europe has been attributed to late 20th century warming. In the present paper, the potential contribution of late 20th century warming to the decline of arctic-alpine and boreal-montane lichen species is analyzed. Relevant ecological groups of lichens include ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01968.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01968.x
- Author:
- OLOFSSON, JOHAN; OKSANEN, LAURI; CALLAGHAN, TERRY; HULME, PHILIP E.; OKSANEN, TARJA; SUOMINEN, OTSO
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2681-2693
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- Betula nana; botanical composition; climate change; ecosystems; forests; grazing; herbivores; lichens; mosses and liverworts; reindeer; shrubs; temperature; tundra; voles; Scandinavia
- Abstract:
- ... Recent Pan-Arctic shrub expansion has been interpreted as a response to a warmer climate. However, herbivores can also influence the abundance of shrubs in arctic ecosystems. We addressed these alternative explanations by following the changes in plant community composition during the last 10 years in permanent plots inside and outside exclosures with different mesh sizes that exclude either only ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01935.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01935.x
- Author:
- ANDERSON, N.J.; D'ANDREA, W.; FRITZ, S.C.
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2590-2598
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- area; carbon; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; cooling; frozen soils; global change; ice; lakes; land; landscapes; latitude; models; peatlands; radiocarbon dating; sediments; soil; Arctic region; Greenland
- Abstract:
- ... The role of the Arctic in future global change processes is predicted to be important because of the large carbon (C) stocks contained in frozen soils and peatlands. Lakes are an important component of arctic landscapes although their role in storing C is not well prescribed. The area around Kangerlussuaq, SW Greenland (66-68°N, 49-54°W) has extremely high lake density, with ~20 000 lakes that cov ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01942.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01942.x
- Author:
- SNELL, K.R.S.; KOKUBUN, T.; GRIFFITHS, H.; CONVEY, P.; HODGSON, D.A.; NEWSHAM, K.K.
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2563-2573
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- Bryopsida; anthocyanidins; carbon; chlorophyll; color; electrodes; fluorescence; mosses and liverworts; oxygen; polyesters; thallus; ultraviolet radiation; Antarctic region
- Abstract:
- ... We quantified the metabolic cost to the Antarctic leafy liverwort Cephaloziella varians of responding to an abrupt increase in ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation exposure in the natural environment at Rothera Point on the western Antarctic Peninsula (67 °34'S, 68 °07'W). The liverwort was protected from exposure to UVB radiation for 44 days with screens containing Mylar polyester, after which time its ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01929.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01929.x
- Author:
- RINNAN, RIIKKA; ROUSK, JOHANNES; YERGEAU, ETIENNE; KOWALCHUK, GEORGE A.; BÅÅTH, ERLAND
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2615-2625
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- ambient temperature; bacterial communities; climate; ecosystems; global warming; habitats; leucine; microbial growth; prediction; soil bacteria; soil sampling; soil temperature; Antarctic region; Falkland Islands
- Abstract:
- ... Soil microorganisms, the central drivers of terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems, are being confronted with increasing temperatures as parts of the continent experience considerable warming. Here we determined short-term temperature dependencies of Antarctic soil bacterial community growth rates, using the leucine incorporation technique, in order to predict future changes in temperature sensitivity o ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01959.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01959.x
- Author:
- FISHER, JOSHUA B.; MALHI, YADVINDER; BONAL, DAMIEN; DA ROCHA, HUMBERTO R.; DE ARAÚJO, ALESSANDRO C.; GAMO, MINORU; GOULDEN, MICHAEL L.; HIRANO, TAKASHI; HUETE, ALFREDO R.; KONDO, HIROAKI; KUMAGAI, TOMO'OMI; LOESCHER, HENRY W.; MILLER, SCOTT; NOBRE, ANTONIO D.; NOUVELLON, YANN; OBERBAUER, STEVEN F.; PANUTHAI, SAMREONG; ROUPSARD, OLIVIER; SALESKA, SCOTT; TANAKA, KATSUNORI; TANAKA, NOBUAKI; TU, KEVIN P.; VON RANDOW, CELSO
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2694-2714
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- atmospheric circulation; canopy; climate change; eddy covariance; energy balance; evapotranspiration; hydrologic cycle; models; normalized difference vegetation index; prediction; tropics; vapor pressure; variance; vegetation; wind speed; Amazonia
- Abstract:
- ... Tropical vegetation is a major source of global land surface evapotranspiration, and can thus play a major role in global hydrological cycles and global atmospheric circulation. Accurate prediction of tropical evapotranspiration is critical to our understanding of these processes under changing climate. We examined the controls on evapotranspiration in tropical vegetation at 21 pan-tropical eddy c ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01813.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01813.x
- Author:
- ÖQUIST, MATS G.; SPARRMAN, TOBIAS; KLEMEDTSSON, LEIF; DROTZ, STINA HARRYSSON; GRIP, HARALD; SCHLEUCHER, JÜRGEN; NILSSON, MATS
- Source:
- Global change biology 2009 v.15 no.11 pp. 2715-2722
- ISSN:
- 1354-1013
- Subject:
- boreal forests; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide production; freezing; frozen soils; latitude; peatlands; prediction; soil organic matter; soil quality; soil sampling; soil water; temperature; terrestrial ecosystems; thermodynamics; vegetation cover; water content; winter
- Abstract:
- ... Soil processes in high-latitude regions during winter are important contributors to global carbon circulation, but our understanding of the mechanisms controlling these processes is poor and observed temperature response coefficients of CO₂ production in frozen soils deviate markedly from thermodynamically predicted responses (sometimes by several orders of magnitude). We investigated the temperat ...
- DOI:
- 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01898.x
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01898.x