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81. Latent heat exchange in the boreal and arctic biomes

Author:
Kasurinen, Ville; Alfredsen, Knut; Kolari, Pasi; Mammarella, Ivan; Alekseychik, Pavel; Rinne, Janne; Vesala, Timo; Bernier, Pierre; Boike, Julia; Langer, Moritz; Belelli Marchesini, Luca; Huissteden, Ko; Dolman, Han; Sachs, Torsten; Ohta, Takeshi; Varlagin, Andrej; Rocha, Adrian; Arain, Altaf; Oechel, Walter; Lund, Magnus; Grelle, Achim; Lindroth, Anders; Black, Andy; Aurela, Mika; Laurila, Tuomas; Lohila, Annalea; Berninger, Frank
Source:
Global change biology 2014 v.20 no.11 pp. 3439-3456
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; Picea; coniferous forests; deciduous forests; energy transfer; equations; grasslands; heat transfer; models; phenology; summer; tundra; vapor pressure; wetlands; winter;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study latent heat flux (λE) measurements made at 65 boreal and arctic eddy‐covariance (EC) sites were analyses by using the Penman–Monteith equation. Sites were stratified into nine different ecosystem types: harvested and burnt forest areas, pine forests, spruce or fir forests, Douglas‐fir forests, broadleaf deciduous forests, larch forests, wetlands, tundra and natural grasslands. The Pe ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.12640
PubMed:
24889888

82. Winter climate change affects growing‐season soil microbial biomass and activity in northern hardwood forests

Author:
Durán, Jorge; Morse, Jennifer L.; Groffman, Peter M.; Campbell, John L.; Christenson, Lynn M.; Driscoll, Charles T.; Fahey, Timothy J.; Fisk, Melany C.; Mitchell, Myron J.; Templer, Pamela H.
Source:
Global change biology 2014 v.20 no.11 pp. 3568-3577
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; climate change; environmental factors; frost; growing season; hardwood forests; microbial biomass; mineralization; nitrates; nitrification; nitrogen; snow; snowpack; soil temperature; spring; winter;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Understanding the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to global change remains a major challenge of ecological research. We exploited a natural elevation gradient in a northern hardwood forest to determine how reductions in snow accumulation, expected with climate change, directly affect dynamics of soil winter frost, and indirectly soil microbial biomass and activity during the growing season. So ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.12624
PubMed:
24796872

83. Ecosystem carbon storage does not vary with mean annual temperature in Hawaiian tropical montane wet forests

Author:
Selmants, Paul C.; Litton, Creighton M.; Giardina, Christian P.; Asner, Gregory P.
Source:
Global change biology 2014 v.20 no.9 pp. 2927-2937
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; soil water balance; soil organic carbon; models; carbon sinks; carbon sequestration; global warming; coarse woody debris; temperature; biomass; climate; forests; Hawaii (island);     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Theory and experiment agree that climate warming will increase carbon fluxes between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. The effect of this increased exchange on terrestrial carbon storage is less predictable, with important implications for potential feedbacks to the climate system. We quantified how increased mean annual temperature (MAT) affects ecosystem carbon storage in above‐ and bel ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.12636
PubMed:
24838341
CHORUS:
10.1111/gcb.12636

84. Different responses of soil respiration and its components to nitrogen addition among biomes: a meta‐analysis

Author:
Zhou, Lingyan; Zhou, Xuhui; Zhang, Baocheng; Lu, Meng; Luo, Yiqi; Liu, Lingli; Li, Bo
Source:
Global change biology 2014 v.20 no.7 pp. 2332-2343
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; anthropogenic activities; boreal forests; correlation; cropland; environmental factors; grasslands; microbial biomass; models; nitrogen; soil; soil respiration; temperate forests; temperature;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Anthropogenic activities have increased nitrogen (N) deposition by threefold to fivefold over the last century, which may considerably affect soil respiration (Rs). Although numerous individual studies and a few meta‐analyses have been conducted, it remains controversial as to how N addition affects Rs and its components [i.e., autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh)]. To reconcile the ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.12490
PubMed:
24323545

85. Projected carbon stocks in the conterminous USA with land use and variable fire regimes

Author:
Bachelet, Dominique; Ferschweiler, Ken; Sheehan, Timothy J.; Sleeter, Benjamin M.; Zhu, Zhiliang
Source:
Global change biology 2015 v.21 no.12 pp. 4548-4560
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; anthropogenic activities; biomass; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; climate; climate change; coasts; cropland; ecotones; emissions; fire regime; fire suppression; forests; humans; land use; models; soil; water use efficiency; wildfires; woodlands; Great Plains region; Western United States;     Show all 24 Subjects
Abstract:
... The dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) MC2 was run over the conterminous USA at 30 arc sec (~800 m) to simulate the impacts of nine climate futures generated by 3GCMs (CSIRO, MIROC and CGCM3) using 3 emission scenarios (A2, A1B and B1) in the context of the LandCarbon national carbon sequestration assessment. It first simulated potential vegetation dynamics from coast to coast assuming no huma ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.13048

86. Change in terrestrial ecosystem water‐use efficiency over the last three decades

Author:
Huang, Mengtian; Piao, Shilong; Sun, Yan; Ciais, Philippe; Cheng, Lei; Mao, Jiafu; Poulter, Ben; Shi, Xiaoying; Zeng, Zhenzhong; Wang, Yingping
Source:
Global change biology 2015 v.21 no.6 pp. 2366-2378
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; climate; climate change; evapotranspiration; evolution; latitude; models; nitrogen; photosynthesis; plant communities; primary productivity; stomatal conductance; vegetation; water use efficiency; Amazonia; Central America; North America; Siberia;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Defined as the ratio between gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET), ecosystem‐scale water‐use efficiency (EWUE) is an indicator of the adjustment of vegetation photosynthesis to water loss. The processes controlling EWUE are complex and reflect both a slow evolution of plants and plant communities as well as fast adjustments of ecosystem functioning to changes of limiting re ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.12873

87. Nitrogen addition stimulates forest litter decomposition and disrupts species interactions in Patagonia, Argentina

Author:
VIVANCO, LUCÍA; AUSTIN, AMY T.
Source:
Global change biology 2011 v.17 no.5 pp. 1963-1974
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; Nothofagus; biodiversity; carbon; forest litter; global change; industrialization; lignin; nitrogen; temperate forests; trees; Argentina;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Nitrogen (N) deposition and biodiversity loss are important drivers of global change, with uncertain consequences for carbon (C) and nutrient turnover in terrestrial ecosystems. We evaluated the simultaneous effects of N deposition and plant diversity on litter decomposition within a temperate forest in Patagonia. We identified ‘tree triangles' created by the intersection of three tree-canopies th ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02344.x

88. Nitrogen deposition contributes to soil acidification in tropical ecosystems

Author:
Lu, Xiankai; Mao, Qinggong; Gilliam, Frank S.; Luo, Yiqi; Mo, Jiangming
Source:
Global change biology 2014 v.20 no.12 pp. 3790-3801
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; acidification; aluminum; ammonium nitrate; base saturation; boreal forests; calcium; cation exchange capacity; drainage; eutrophication; exchangeable aluminum; forest soils; forest types; humid tropics; leaching; magnesium; neutralization; nitrogen; pH; protons; soil acidification; soil profiles; soil solution; tropical forests; China;     Show all 25 Subjects
Abstract:
... Elevated anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition has greatly altered terrestrial ecosystem functioning, threatening ecosystem health via acidification and eutrophication in temperate and boreal forests across the northern hemisphere. However, response of forest soil acidification to N deposition has been less studied in humid tropics compared to other forest types. This study was designed to explore ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.12665
PubMed:
24953639

89. Climate‐driven uncertainties in modeling terrestrial gross primary production: a site level to global‐scale analysis

Author:
Barman, Rahul; Jain, Atul K.; Liang, Miaoling
Source:
Global change biology 2014 v.20 no.5 pp. 1394-1411
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; air temperature; carbon; carbon sinks; data collection; eddy covariance; energy; grasslands; heat transfer; humidity; latitude; net ecosystem production; primary productivity; savannas; seasonal variation; shrublands; simulation models; soil; trees; tropics; water stress;     Show all 21 Subjects
Abstract:
... We used a land surface model to quantify the causes and extents of biases in terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) due to the use of meteorological reanalysis datasets. We first calibrated the model using meteorology and eddy covariance data from 25 flux tower sites ranging from the tropics to the northern high latitudes and subsequently repeated the site simulations using two reanalysis data ...
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.12474
PubMed:
24273031

90. Diagnosing and assessing uncertainties of terrestrial ecosystem models in a multimodel ensemble experiment: 2. Carbon balance

Author:
WANG, WEILE; DUNGAN, JENNIFER; HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI; MICHAELIS, ANDREW R.; MILESI, CRISTINA; ICHII, KAZUHITO; NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
Source:
Global change biology 2011 v.17 no.3 pp. 1367-1378
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; algorithms; biomass; carbon; carbon sinks; cold zones; emissions; models; net ecosystem production; prediction; soil; temperature; uncertainty; wildfires;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper examines carbon stocks and their relative balance in terrestrial ecosystems simulated by Biome-BGC, LPJ, and CASA in an ensemble model experiment conducted using the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System. We developed the Hierarchical Framework for Diagnosing Ecosystem Models to separate the simulated biogeochemistry into a cascade of functional tiers and examine their character ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02315.x

91. Diagnosing and assessing uncertainties of terrestrial ecosystem models in a multimodel ensemble experiment: 1. Primary production

Author:
WANG, WEILE; DUNGAN, JENNIFER; HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI; MICHAELIS, ANDREW R.; MILESI, CRISTINA; ICHII, KAZUHITO; NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
Source:
Global change biology 2011 v.17 no.3 pp. 1350-1366
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; biogeochemistry; carbon; cold; forests; leaf area index; models; prediction; primary productivity; temperate zones; temperature; uncertainty; North America;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... We conducted an ensemble modeling exercise using the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS) to evaluate sources of uncertainty in carbon flux estimates resulting from structural differences among ecosystem models. The experiment ran public-domain versions of biome-bgc, lpj, casa, and tops-bgc over North America at 8 km resolution and for the period of 1982-2006. We developed the Hier ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02309.x

92. Effect of climate change over the past half century on the distribution, extent and NPP of ecosystems of Inner Mongolia

Author:
ZHANG, GUOGANG; KANG, YUMEI; HAN, GUODONG; SAKURAI, KATSUTOSHI
Source:
Global change biology 2011 v.17 no.1 pp. 377-389
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; deserts; drying; evapotranspiration; forests; geographic information systems; global warming; models; primary productivity; shrublands; steppes; temperature; China;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... The response of natural vegetation to climate change is of global concern. In this research, changes in the spatial pattern of major terrestrial ecosystems from 1956 to 2006 in Inner Mongolia of China were analyzed with the Holdridge Life Zone (HLZ) model in a GIS environment, and net primary production (NPP) of natural vegetation was evaluated with the Synthetic model, to determine the effect of ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02237.x

93. Increased temperature and precipitation interact to affect root production, mortality, and turnover in a temperate steppe: implications for ecosystem C cycling

Author:
BAI, WENMING; WAN, SHIQIANG; NIU, SHULI; LIU, WEIXING; CHEN, QUANSHENG; WANG, QIBING; ZHANG, WENHAO; HAN, XINGGUO; LI, LINGHAO
Source:
Global change biology 2010 v.16 no.4 pp. 1306-1316
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; adverse effects; carbon; climate change; ecosystem respiration; field experimentation; fine roots; mortality; soil respiration; steppes; temperature; China;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fine root production and turnover play important roles in regulating carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. In order to examine effects of climate change on root production and turnover, a field experiment with increased temperature and precipitation had been conducted in a semiarid temperate steppe in northern China since April 2005. Experimental warming decreased annual root production, m ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02019.x

94. Future active layer dynamics and carbon dioxide production from thawing permafrost layers in Northeast Greenland

Author:
HOLLESEN, J.; ELBERLING, B.; JANSSON, P.E.
Source:
Global change biology 2011 v.17 no.2 pp. 911-926
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; carbon; carbon dioxide; heat production; mineralization; models; organic matter; permafrost; prediction; snow; soil respiration; soil temperature; summer; thawing; vegetation; Greenland;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Thawing permafrost and the resulting mineralization of previously frozen organic carbon (C) is considered an important future feedback from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere. Here, we use a dynamic process oriented permafrost model, the CoupModel, to link surface and subsurface temperatures from a moist permafrost soil in High-Arctic Greenland with observed heat production and carbon dioxid ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02256.x

95. Quantifying soil organic carbon in complex landscapes: an example of grassland undergoing encroachment of woody plants

Author:
LIU, FENG; WU, X. BEN; BAI, E.; BOUTTON, THOMAS W.; ARCHER, STEVEN R.
Source:
Global change biology 2011 v.17 no.2 pp. 1119-1129
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; carbon sequestration; global warming; grasslands; landscapes; sampling; shrubs; soil organic carbon; soil properties; trees; uncertainty; woody plants; Great Plains region; United States;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... The invasion of woody plants into grass-dominated ecosystems has occurred worldwide during the past century with potentially significant impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, ecosystem carbon sequestration and global climate warming. To date, most studies of tree and shrub encroachment impacts on SOC have been conducted at small scales and results are equivocal. To quantify the effects of ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02251.x

96. Reconciling the optimal and empirical approaches to modelling stomatal conductance

Author:
MEDLYN, BELINDA E.; DUURSMA, REMKO A.; EAMUS, DEREK; ELLSWORTH, DAVID S.; PRENTICE, I. COLIN; BARTON, CRAIG V.M.; CROUS, KRISTINE Y.; DE ANGELIS, PAOLO; FREEMAN, MICHAEL; WINGATE, LISA
Source:
Global change biology 2011 v.17 no.6 pp. 2134-2144
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; acclimation; biogeochemical cycles; carbon; carbon dioxide; climate; climate change; data collection; environmental factors; models; stomata; stomatal conductance; stomatal movement; temperature; trees; vegetation;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Models of vegetation function are widely used to predict the effects of climate change on carbon, water and nutrient cycles of terrestrial ecosystems, and their feedbacks to climate. Stomatal conductance, the process that governs plant water use and carbon uptake, is fundamental to such models. In this paper, we reconcile two long-standing theories of stomatal conductance. The empirical approach, ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02375.x

97. Responses of terrestrial ecosystems to temperature and precipitation change: a meta-analysis of experimental manipulation

Author:
WU, ZHUOTING; DIJKSTRA, PAUL; KOCH, GEORGE W.; PEÑUELAS, JOSEP; HUNGATE, BRUCE A.
Source:
Global change biology 2011 v.17 no.2 pp. 927-942
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; air temperature; biomass; carbon; climate; climate change; ecosystem respiration; meta-analysis; net ecosystem exchange; photosynthesis; plant growth; primary productivity;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Global mean temperature is predicted to increase by 2-7 °C and precipitation to change across the globe by the end of this century. To quantify climate effects on ecosystem processes, a number of climate change experiments have been established around the world in various ecosystems. Despite these efforts, general responses of terrestrial ecosystems to changes in temperature and precipitation, and ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02302.x

98. Water regulated effects of photosynthetic substrate supply on soil respiration in a semiarid steppe

Author:
YAN, LIMING; CHEN, SHIPING; HUANG, JIANHUI; LIN, GUANGHUI
Source:
Global change biology 2011 v.17 no.5 pp. 1990-2001
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; carbon; field experimentation; growing season; leaves; photosynthesis; primary productivity; shade; soil respiration; soil temperature; soil water; starch; steppes; sugars;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Soil respiration is an important part of the global carbon (C) cycle and the largest component of C flux from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere. Here, we investigated possible effects of photosynthetic substrate supply on soil respiration in a semiarid ecosystem. A field experiment combining water addition and shading (low and high shading) treatments was conducted to manipulate photosynthe ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02365.x

99. Climate change effects on organic matter decomposition rates in ecosystems from the Maritime Antarctic and Falkland Islands

Author:
BOKHORST, S.; HUISKES, A.; CONVEY, P.; AERTS, R.
Source:
Global change biology 2007 v.13 no.12 pp. 2642-2653
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; soil organic matter; soil; cellulose; global warming; field experimentation; temperature; Falkland Islands; Antarctic region;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems have poorly developed soils and currently experience one of the greatest rates of climate warming on the globe. We investigated the responsiveness of organic matter decomposition in Maritime Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems to climate change, using two study sites in the Antarctic Peninsula region (Anchorage Island, 67°S; Signy Island, 61°S), and contrasted the res ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01468.x

100. Environmental controls on CH₄ emission from polygonal tundra on the microsite scale in the Lena river delta, Siberia

Author:
SACHS, TORSTEN; GIEBELS, MICHAEL; BOIKE, JULIA; KUTZBACH, LARS
Source:
Global change biology 2010 v.16 no.11 pp. 3096-3110
ISSN:
1354-1013
Subject:
terrestrial ecosystems,   etc   ; carbon; eddy covariance; equations; field experimentation; gas exchange; greenhouse gas emissions; land cover; latitude; methane; models; river deltas; surface temperature; tundra; turbulent flow; uncertainty; Siberia;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... The carbon budgets of the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems are closely coupled by vertical gas exchange fluxes. Uncertainties remain with respect to high latitude ecosystems and the processes driving their temporally and spatially highly variable methane (CH₄) exchange. Problems associated with scaling plot measurements to larger areas in heterogeneous environments are addressed based on inte ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02232.x