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- Author:
- Su, Yuanhai; Lautenschleger, Anna; Chen, Guangwen; Kenig, Eugeny Y.
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 390-401
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- engineering; liquids; mixing; specific energy; statistical analysis
- Abstract:
- ... Single microchannels and their arrangements for liquid mixing are investigated numerically. A smaller lateral inlet diameter and the zigzag form of the channels are found to be beneficial for the mixing performance in microchannels. Under proper operational conditions, the mixing process can be almost completed. Furthermore, some constructal distributor designs for the arrangement of microchannels ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie401924x
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie401924x
- Author:
- Elhajj, Jessy; Al-Hindi, Mahmoud; Azizi, Fouad
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 2-22
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- absorption; additives; carbon dioxide; chemical reactions; desorption; engineering; geometry; mass transfer; models; solubility; temperature; water salinity
- Abstract:
- ... This article is a comprehensive review of the literature dealing with the transfer of carbon dioxide to water where no chemical reactions are taking place. It reviews the studies related to the absorption and desorption kinetics, mass-transfer rates, effect of the contactor geometry, effect of water salinity, and the effects of temperature and pressure on the process in conventional reactors or th ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie403245p
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie403245p
- Author:
- du Toit, Elizabeth
L.; Joubert, Rita; Saayman, Francois; Nicol, Willie
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 494-497
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- electrochemistry; engineering; hydrodynamics; liquids; mass transfer
- Abstract:
- ... Wetting efficiency and the solid liquid mass transfer coefficient was measured separately and simultaneously using the electrochemical cell technique while varying the superficial liquid velocity and hydrodynamic state of a column by using different prewetting procedures. The wetting efficiency in columns with an aspect ratio (distance from distributor divided by column diameter) of up to 33, decr ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie402286v
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie402286v
- Author:
- Turan, Osman; Fotso-Choupe, Frank; Lai, Jiawei; Poole, Robert J.; Chakraborty, Nilanjan
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 456-473
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- chemistry; convection; engineering; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... Two-dimensional steady-state laminar natural convection of power-law fluids in square enclosures with differentially heated horizontal walls (heated from below) subjected to constant wall temperature (CWT) and constant wall heat flux (CHWF) boundary conditions has been analyzed in detail based on computational simulations and a detailed scaling analysis. The effects of power-law exponent n ranging ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie4023447
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie4023447
- Author:
- Bilici, Ali; Doğan, Fatih; Kaya, İsmet
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 104-109
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; catalysts; electrochemistry; engineering; fluorescence; molecular weight; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oxidation; polymerization; polymers; ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
- Abstract:
- ... Two polymer–metal complexes were used for catalytic oxidative polymerization of 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) with the aim of exploiting new and potent catalysts. The structure of the resulting poly(2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene) (PDHN) was confirmed by various spectral techniques: UV–vis, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ¹H–¹H COSY, and ¹H–¹³C HSQC. The 3 and 6 positions of the DHN ring were suggested as main ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie401735j
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie401735j
- Author:
- Gao, Han; Qiao, Bing; Wang, Ting-Jie; Wang, Dezheng; Jin, Yong
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 189-197
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- aluminum oxide; ceric oxide; cerium; coatings; electrons; engineering; photocatalysis; pigments; silica; silicon; titanium dioxide; ultraviolet radiation
- Abstract:
- ... The use of cerium oxide coating of titanium dioxide pigments to decrease photocatalytic activity was studied. A large decrease in the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide particles coated with cerium oxide was obtained even with a tiny coating amount of 0.2 wt %, and these particles were more stable than those with the conventional 2.0 wt % film coating of silicon dioxide or 1.5 wt % alumin ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie402539n
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie402539n
- Author:
- Guo, Qingjie; Cheng, Yu; Liu, Yongzhuo; Jia, Weihua; Ryu, Ho-Jung
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 78-86
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- X-ray diffraction; calcium oxide; carbon; coal; combustion; engineering; ferric oxide; ferrous oxide; fluidized beds; gasification; hydrogen; hydrogen sulfide; models; oxygen; reaction mechanisms; steam; synthesis gas
- Abstract:
- ... The chemical-looping gasification (CLG) of coal is a clean and effective technology for syngas generation. Sharing principles with chemical-looping combustion (CLC), CLG also uses oxygen carriers to transfer lattice oxygen to the fuel. Investigations into CLG with different O/C ratios are carried out in a fluidized bed reactor with steam used as the gasification–fluidization medium. The effect of ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie401568x
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie401568x
- Author:
- Fashandi, Hossein; Karimi, Mohammad
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 235-245
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- engineering; nanopores; physical phases; porosity; relative humidity; solvent drying; solvents; temperature; viscoelasticity
- Abstract:
- ... Implications regarding requirements of performing a successive electrospinning and producing nanoporous polyetherimide (PEI) fibers are discussed through electrospinning PEI solutions of three nonvolatile solvents, that is, dimethylforamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), under atmospheres of constant temperature and varying levels of relative humidity (RH). The ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie4028846
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie4028846
- Author:
- Meng, Hong; Ge, Chang-Tao; Ren, Nan-Nan; Ma, Wen-Yan; Lu, Ying-Zhou; Li, Chun-Xi
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 355-362
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- acetates; chemistry; chlorides; choline; coal tar; engineering; ethanol; formates; glycerol; ionic liquids; models; oils; phenols; temperature; toluene
- Abstract:
- ... To develop a greener process for reclaiming phenolic compounds from low temperature coal tar, extractive performance of twelve extractants, including mono-, di-, and triethanol amines (MEA, DEA, TEA), six protonated ionic liquids (ILs) thereof with formate (FA) or acetate (Ac) anion, choline chloride, and two polyols (glycol, glycerol), were studied at varying conditions, along with the back extra ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie402599d
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie402599d
- Author:
- Li, Xingang; Yang, Na; Sun, Yongli; Zhang, Luhong; Li, Xuegang; Jiang, Bin
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 379-389
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- engineering; equations; hydrodynamics; liquids; models; momentum; surface tension; trays
- Abstract:
- ... A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to predict the hydrodynamics of a new type of fixed valve tray. The model considered gas- and liquid-flow within the Eulerian framework in which both phases were treated as interpenetrating continuum having separate transport equations. Interphase momentum transfer term was employed for describing the interfacial forces bet ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie400408u
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie400408u
- Author:
- Liu, Zhiting; Duan, Xuezhi; Zhou, Xinggui; Qian, Gang; Zhou, Jinghong; Yuan, Weikang
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 253-258
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; engineering; epoxides; graphene; guidelines; moieties; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; oxidants; stable isotopes; zeta potential
- Abstract:
- ... Controllable synthesis of graphite oxide (GO) for targeted surface properties is of great importance for its versatile applications. For this purpose, GO samples were prepared with different amounts of oxidant and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹³C cross-polarization with total sideband suppression magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie403088t
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie403088t
- Author:
- Wang, Rui; Luo, Xionglin; Xu, Feng
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 287-304
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- air; air flow; catalytic cracking; combustion; controllers; dynamic models; economics; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... The presence of CO combustion promoters significantly affects the heterogeneous CO combustion in the regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. Neglecting the quantitative correlation between the heterogeneous CO combustion and the amount of added CO combustion promoters in the previous models makes it impossible to predict the steady-state and the dynamic behaviors of the system with r ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie401777n
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie401777n
- Author:
- Wang, Li; Guo, Zhao-Xia; Yu, Jian
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 206-213
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- alkali tolerance; chemistry; encapsulation; engineering; glass fibers; polyamides; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... The morphology and properties of polyamide 6 (PA6)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) blends filled by three types of glass fibers (GF) with different surface properties were investigated. The GF were unmodified or surface-modified for PA6 or PBT, denoted as GF(Pris), GF(PA6), and GF(PBT), respectively. The incorporation of 15 wt % of GF with different surface properties all led to a transition fr ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie4026133
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie4026133
- Author:
- Zhang, Xin; Dong, Haifeng; Bao, Di; Huang, Ying; Zhang, Xiangping; Zhang, Suojiang
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 428-439
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- bubbles; carbon; carbon dioxide; deformation; engineering; ionic liquids; surface tension; viscosity; water content
- Abstract:
- ... Adding a small amount of water to ionic liquids can greatly reduce the viscosities of ionic liquids, which is believed to be an effective and economical method to make ionic liquids being applied practically for carbon capture. However, how the water content influences the bubble behavior which is used to calculate transfer properties; this is important but has not been studied systematically. In ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie4020827
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie4020827
- Author:
- Zhao, Yunliang; Zhang, Yimin; Bao, Shenxu; Chen, Tiejun; Liu, Xiang
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 157-163
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- aluminum oxide; calcium oxide; chemical composition; coal; engineering; hematite; quartz; roasting; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... During the roasting of stone coal, a sintering phenomenon usually occurs, which is related to the chemical composition of the stone coal. In this study, the sintering beginning temperature (SBT) and ash fusion temperatures (AFTs) of stone coal with different CaO, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ content were investigated. FactSage has been used to calculate the phase distribution of roasted stone coal, to an ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie4022144
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie4022144
- Author:
- Zheng, Bijuan; Li, Kejuan; Liu, Hongfang; Gu, Tingyue
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 48-54
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; biofilm; corrosion; energy-dispersive X-ray analysis; engineering; ferric oxide; ferrous oxide; magnetic fields; oil fields; plankton; stainless steel; sulfate-reducing bacteria; sustainable technology
- Abstract:
- ... The effects of magnetic fields (MFs) on the corrosion of 304 stainless steel (SS304) caused by oil-field sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were investigated. Experimental data showed that the MF lowered the population of planktonic SRB by almost 4 orders of magnitude and delayed the formation of SRB biofilms on the SS304 coupons. The mass losses and surface images of the coupons indicated that the a ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie402235j
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie402235j
- Author:
- Montes, A.; Litwinowicz, A. A.; Gradl, U.; Gordillo, M. D.; Pereyra, C.; Martínez de la Ossa, E. J.
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 474-480
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; crystal structure; engineering; ibuprofen; melting point; particle size; particle size distribution; raw materials; scanning electron microscopy; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... Micronization of ibuprofen by a rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) process has been explored for a wide range of operating conditions, including temperatures above the melting point of ibuprofen. Morphologies, particle sizes (PSs), and particle size distributions (PSDs) have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and the crystallinity has been evaluated by X-ray diffraction m ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie402408j
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie402408j
- Author:
- Liu, Xiangyang; Ruiz, Elia; Afzal, Waheed; Ferro, Víctor; Palomar, José; Prausnitz, John M.
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 363-368
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- cations; engineering; ethane; ethylene; ionic liquids; methane; prediction; propane; solubility
- Abstract:
- ... Solubilities are reported for methane, ethane, ethylene, and propane in trimethyloctylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate [P8111][TMPP] from 299 to 323 K up to 4 MPa. Consistent with prediction of COSMO-RS, [P8111][TMPP] shows large solubilities for all four hydrocarbons. Contrary to solubility data in conventional ionic liquids, in [P8111][TMPP] the solubility for ethane is higher ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie402677t
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie402677t
- Author:
- Zhou, Lu; Wang, Shuzhong; Xu, Donghai; Guo, Yang
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 481-493
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- Reynolds number; crystallization; cupric oxide; engineering; equations; mixers; mixing; models; nanoparticles; particle size distribution; prediction
- Abstract:
- ... The mixing process of metal salt solutions and supercritical water is essential to supercritical water hydrothermal synthesis (SWHS) to produce nanoparticles. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed for predicting mixing efficiency and crystallization kinetics in SWHS mixers. The mixing efficiency was calculated from the micromixing model, and the kinetics model of crystallization ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie4029413
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie4029413
- Author:
- Hazaras, Matthew
J.; Swartz, Christopher L. E.; Marlin, Thomas E.
- Source:
- Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2014 v.53 no.1 pp. 259-273
- ISSN:
- 1520-5045
- Subject:
- case studies; chemistry; engineering; food processing plants; industrial applications; issues and policy; models
- Abstract:
- ... We investigate the potential benefits of applying short-term continuous-time scheduling optimization to an industrial multiproduct food processing plant. The facility exhibits several unique production policies that are not supported by current continuous-time scheduling models. Several extensions to a general global event continuous-time scheduling model are proposed to address these limitations. ...
- DOI:
- 10.1021/ie4006904
-
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fie4006904