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1. A framework for identifying and characterising coral reef “oases” against a backdrop of degradation

Author:
Guest, James R.; Edmunds, Peter J.; Gates, Ruth D.; Kuffner, Ilsa B.; Andersson, Andreas J.; Barnes, Brian B.; Chollett, Iliana; Courtney, Travis A.; Elahi, Robin; Gross, Kevin; Lenz, Elizabeth A.; Mitarai, Satoshi; Mumby, Peter J.; Nelson, Hannah R.; Parker, Britt A.; Putnam, Hollie M.; Rogers, Caroline S.; Toth, Lauren T.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2865-2875
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
calcification; calcium carbonate; coral reefs; corals; ecological function; ecosystems; humans; managers; models; monitoring; oases; time series analysis; Florida; French Polynesia; Hawaii; Virgin Islands of the United States
Abstract:
... Human activities have led to widespread ecological decline; however, the severity of degradation is spatially heterogeneous due to some locations resisting, escaping, or rebounding from disturbances. We developed a framework for identifying oases within coral reef regions using long‐term monitoring data. We calculated standardised estimates of coral cover (z‐scores) to distinguish sites that devia ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13179

2. Agricultural pastures challenge the attractiveness of natural saltmarsh for a migratory goose

Author:
Dokter, Adriaan M.; Fokkema, Wimke; Ebbinge, Barwolt S.; Olff, Han; van der Jeugd, Henk P.; Nolet, Bart A.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2707-2718
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Chlorophyta; accelerometers; algae; body weight; farming systems; fertilizer application; fiber content; food quality; foraging; geese; global positioning systems; grasslands; habitat preferences; habitats; herbivores; ingestion; landscapes; lifestyle; littoral zone; managers; migratory behavior; nitrogen; pastures; salt marshes; seagrasses; spring; Arctic region
Abstract:
... Broad‐scale land conversions and fertilizer use have dramatically altered the available staging area for herbivorous long‐distance migrants. Instead of natural land, these birds rely increasingly on pastures for migratory fuelling and stopover, often conflicting with farming practices. To predict and manage birds’ future habitat use, the relative advantages and disadvantages of natural (e.g. saltm ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13168

3. A landscape approach for cost‐effective large‐scale forest restoration

Author:
Molin, Paulo Guilherme; Chazdon, Robin; Frosini de Barros Ferraz, Silvio; Brancalion, Pedro H. S.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2767-2778
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
agricultural land; biodiversity; cost effectiveness; forest restoration; forests; habitat connectivity; issues and policy; landscapes; mechanization; natural regeneration; opportunity costs; planning; prioritization; probability; Brazil
Abstract:
... Achieving global targets for forest restoration will require cost‐effective strategies to return agricultural land to forest, while minimizing implementation costs and negative outcomes for agricultural production. We present a landscape approach for optimizing the cost‐effectiveness of large‐scale forest restoration. Across three different landscapes within Brazil's Atlantic Forest biodiversity h ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13263

4. Applying a Bayesian weighted surveillance approach to detect chronic wasting disease in white‐tailed deer

Author:
Jennelle, Christopher S.; Walsh, Daniel P.; Samuel, Michael D.; Osnas, Erik E.; Rolley, Robert; Langenberg, Julia; Powers, Jenny G.; Monello, Ryan J.; Demarest, E. David; Gubler, Rolf; Heisey, Dennis M.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2944-2953
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Odocoileus virginianus; adults; biopsy; chronic wasting disease; cost effectiveness; deer; disease detection; ecotoxicology; fawns; females; human resources; invasive species; males; managers; monitoring; national parks; pathogens; risk; streams; wildlife; wildlife diseases; yearlings; Virginia; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... Surveillance is critical for early detection of emerging and re‐emerging infectious diseases. Weighted surveillance leverages heterogeneity in infection risk to increase sampling efficiency. Here, we apply a Bayesian approach to estimate weights for 16 surveillance classes of white‐tailed deer in Wisconsin, USA, relative to hunter‐harvested yearling males. We used these weights to conduct a survei ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13178

5. Artificial light at night causes top‐down and bottom‐up trophic effects on invertebrate populations

Author:
Bennie, Jonathan; Davies, Thomas W.; Cruse, David; Inger, Richard; Gaston, Kevin J.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2698-2706
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Aphidoidea; biocenosis; carbon nitrogen ratio; ecosystems; environmental impact; flowers; food plants; grasslands; herbivores; issues and policy; lighting; molluscs; pollution; pollution control; predators; roadside plants; sodium; trophic levels; wavelengths; white light
Abstract:
... Globally, many ecosystems are exposed to artificial light at night. Nighttime lighting has direct biological impacts on species at all trophic levels. However, the effects of artificial light on biotic interactions remain, for the most part, to be determined. We exposed experimental mesocosms containing combinations of grassland plants and invertebrate herbivores and predators to illumination at n ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13240

6. Associations between plant and pollinator communities under grassland restoration respond mainly to landscape connectivity

Author:
Rotchés‐Ribalta, Roser; Winsa, Marie; Roberts, Stuart P. M.; Öckinger, Erik
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2822-2833
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Angiospermae; Syrphidae; bees; botanical composition; foraging; grassland management; grassland restoration; grasslands; guidelines; habitat connectivity; habitat conservation; host plants; land use change; landscapes; plant communities; pollinators; species abundance; species richness; trophic levels; Sweden
Abstract:
... Land‐use change can disrupt associations between different trophic groups, but it is unclear if habitat restoration can recover these associations. In Sweden, restoration efforts have been applied to increase areas of semi‐natural grassland previously remaining as small fragments due to abandonment. We assessed how the associations between plant and pollinator communities can be modified by grassl ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13232

7. Banding age ratios reveal prairie waterfowl fecundity is affected by climate, density dependence and predator–prey dynamics

Author:
Specht, Hannah M.; Arnold, Todd W.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2854-2864
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
basins; breeding; breeding sites; climate; ducks; energy; fecundity; habitat conservation; hydrologic cycle; issues and policy; land use; latitude; managers; models; nests; population dynamics; prairies; right of access; summer; temporal variation; voles; waterfowl; wetlands; United States
Abstract:
... Fecundity estimates for demographic modelling are difficult to acquire at the regional spatial scales that correspond to climate shifts, land use impacts or habitat management programmes. Yet they are important for evaluating such effects. While waterfowl managers have historically used harvest‐based age ratios to assess fecundity at continental scales, widely available age ratios from late summer ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13186

8. Biodiversity along temperate forest succession

Author:
Hilmers, Torben; Friess, Nicolas; Bässler, Claus; Heurich, Marco; Brandl, Roland; Pretzsch, Hans; Seidl, Rupert; Müller, Jörg
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2756-2766
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Coleoptera; canopy gaps; climate change; forest management; forest succession; habitats; lidar; montane forests; saprotrophs; species diversity; temperate forests; Central European region
Abstract:
... The successional dynamics of forests—from canopy openings to regeneration, maturation, and decay—influence the amount and heterogeneity of resources available for forest‐dwelling organisms. Conservation has largely focused only on selected stages of forest succession (e.g., late‐seral stages). However, to develop comprehensive conservation strategies and to understand the impact of forest manageme ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13238

9. Bright spots in agricultural landscapes: Identifying areas exceeding expectations for multifunctionality and biodiversity

Author:
Frei, Barbara; Renard, Delphine; Mitchell, Matthew G. E.; Seufert, Verena; Chaplin‐Kramer, Rebecca; Rhemtulla, Jeanine M.; Bennett, Elena M.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2731-2743
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
agricultural land; biodiversity; capital; crop production; ecosystem services; farm size; farming systems; food production; landscapes; mechanization
Abstract:
... Agriculture's influence on humanity is a dichotomy of promise and peril. Research on the food‐environment dilemma has highlighted the environmental consequences of food production, yet the identification of management solutions is an ongoing challenge. We suggest “bright spots” as a promising tool to identify levers of change by finding areas that exceed expectations for goals, such as agricultura ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13191

10. Broad‐scale occurrence of a subsidized avian predator: Reducing impacts of ravens on sage‐grouse and other sensitive prey

Author:
O'Neil, Shawn T.; Coates, Peter S.; Brussee, Brianne E.; Jackson, Pat J.; Howe, Kristy B.; Moser, Ann M.; Foster, Lee J.; Delehanty, David J.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2641-2652
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
ecologists; trophic levels; edge effects; predators; prey species; anthropogenic activities; nesting; altitude; roadsides; chicks; power lines; ecosystems; basins; humans; indicator species; Corvus corax; models; Centrocercus urophasianus; eggs; prediction; wildlife; probability; business enterprises; landscapes; breeding; surveys; Bayesian theory; streams; Artemisia tridentata; subsidies; habitats; vegetation; normalized difference vegetation index; United States
Abstract:
... Expanding human enterprise across remote environments impacts numerous wildlife species. Anthropogenic resources provide subsidies for generalist predators that can lead to cascading effects on prey species at lower trophic levels. A fundamental challenge for applied ecologists is to disentangle natural and anthropogenic influences on species occurrence, and subsequently develop spatially explicit ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13249

11. Bumble‐BEEHAVE: A systems model for exploring multifactorial causes of bumblebee decline at individual, colony, population and community level

Author:
Becher, Matthias A.; Twiston‐Davies, Grace; Penny, Tim D.; Goulson, Dave; Rotheray, Ellen L.; Osborne, Juliet L.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2790-2801
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Bombus; bees; climate change; farmers; field experimentation; foraging; habitat destruction; landscapes; models; nests; nongovernmental organizations; parasites; pesticides; population dynamics; prediction; reproduction; risk assessment; stakeholders; viruses; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... World‐wide declines in pollinators, including bumblebees, are attributed to a multitude of stressors such as habitat loss, resource availability, emerging viruses and parasites, exposure to pesticides, and climate change, operating at various spatial and temporal scales. Disentangling individual and interacting effects of these stressors, and understanding their impact at the individual, colony an ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13165
PubMed:
30449898
PubMed Central:
PMC6221040

12. Changes in African large carnivore diets over the past half‐century reveal the loss of large prey

Author:
Creel, Scott; Matandiko, Wigganson; Schuette, Paul; Rosenblatt, Elias; Sanguinetti, Carolyn; Banda, Kambwiri; Vinks, Milan; Becker, Matthew
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2908-2916
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Aepyceros melampus; Phacochoerus; buffaloes; carnivores; diet; ecological function; group size; habitat destruction; herbivores; monitoring; national parks; predation; predators; prey species; Zambia
Abstract:
... Globally, large carnivores are declining due to direct persecution, habitat loss, and prey depletion. The effects of prey depletion could be amplified by changes in the composition of the herbivore (prey) community that provoke changes in carnivore diets, but this possibility has received little attention. We tested for changes over the past half‐century in prey selection by the large carnivore gu ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13227

13. Coastal wetland adaptation to sea level rise: Quantifying potential for landward migration and coastal squeeze

Author:
Borchert, Sinéad M.; Osland, Michael J.; Enwright, Nicholas M.; Griffith, Kereen T.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2876-2887
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
climate change; coasts; ecosystem services; ecosystems; estuaries; fish; human communities; human health; islands; landscape management; metropolitan areas; rivers; sea level; shorelines; topography; urbanization; wetlands; wildlife habitats; Florida; Gulf of Mexico; Louisiana; Texas
Abstract:
... Coastal wetland ecosystems are expected to migrate landwards in response to rising seas. However, due to differences in topography and coastal urbanization, estuaries vary in their ability to accommodate migration. Low‐lying urban areas can constrain migration and lead to wetland loss (i.e. coastal squeeze), especially where existing wetlands cannot keep pace with rising seas via vertical adjustme ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13169

14. Comparing the sampling performance of sound recorders versus point counts in bird surveys: A meta‐analysis

Author:
Darras, Kevin; Batáry, Péter; Furnas, Brett; Celis‐Murillo, Antonio; Van Wilgenburg, Steven L.; Mulyani, Yeni A.; Tscharntke, Teja
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2575-2586
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
acoustics; birds; humans; meta-analysis; microphones; monitoring; sampling; species richness; surveys; vocalization; wildlife
Abstract:
... Autonomous sound recording is a promising sampling method for birds and other vocalizing terrestrial wildlife. However, while there are clear advantages of passive acoustic monitoring methods over classical point counts conducted by humans, it has been difficult to quantitatively assess how they compare in their sampling performance. Quantitative comparisons of species richness between acoustic re ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13229

15. Defining and delivering resilient ecological networks: Nature conservation in England

Author:
Isaac, Nick J. B.; Brotherton, Peter N. M.; Bullock, James M.; Gregory, Richard D.; Boehning‐Gaese, Katrin; Connor, Ben; Crick, Humphrey Q. P.; Freckleton, Robert P.; Gill, Jennifer A.; Hails, Rosemary S.; Hartikainen, Minna; Hester, Alison J.; Milner‐Gulland, E. J.; Oliver, Thomas H.; Pearson, Richard G.; Sutherland, William J.; Thomas, Chris D.; Travis, Justin M. J.; Turnbull, Lindsay A.; Willis, Kathy; Woodward, Guy; Mace, Georgina M.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2537-2543
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
adaptive management; case studies; ecological resilience; habitats; issues and policy; natural resources conservation; network theory; planning; politics; wildlife; England
Abstract:
... Planning for nature conservation has increasingly emphasised the concepts of resilience and spatial networks. Although the importance of habitat networks for individual species is clear, their significance for long‐term ecological resilience and multi‐species conservation strategies is less established. Referencing spatial network theory, we describe the conceptual basis for defining and assessing ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13196

16. Delaying conservation actions matters for species vulnerable to climate change

Author:
Naujokaitis‐Lewis, Ilona; Pomara, Lars Y.; Zuckerberg, Benjamin
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2843-2853
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Sistrurus catenatus; at-risk population; climate; climate change; drought; extinction; land cover; models; planning; population viability analysis; refuge habitats; risk; uncertainty; vulnerable species
Abstract:
... Climate change vulnerability assessments are commonly used to identify species or populations at risk from global climate change, but few translate impact assessments to climate change adaptation actions. Furthermore, most climate change adaptation efforts emphasize where to implement management actions, whereas timing remains largely overlooked. The rate of modern climate change introduces urgenc ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13241

17. Demography and social dynamics of an African elephant population 35 years after reintroduction as juveniles

Author:
Kuiper, Timothy R.; Druce, Dave J.; Druce, Heleen C.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2898-2907
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Loxodonta africana; adults; calves; closed loop systems; contraception; demography; extinction; fauna; females; founder effect; juveniles; models; monitoring; population growth; reproduction; savannas; social behavior; South Africa
Abstract:
... Given their vulnerability to local extinction, the reintroduction of megafauna species (often long‐lived, ecologically influential and highly social) is an increasingly relevant conservation intervention. Studies that evaluate past megafauna reintroductions are both critical and rare. Between 1981 and 1996, 12 cohorts of a total of 200 juvenile (<5 years old) African savannah elephants Loxodonta a ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13199

18. Drone‐based structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry captures grassland sward height variability

Author:
Forsmoo, Joel; Anderson, Karen; Macleod, Christopher J. A.; Wilkinson, Mark E.; Brazier, Richard
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2587-2599
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Lolium perenne; Trifolium pratense; aerial photography; agronomy; biodiversity; cameras; carbon sequestration; digital images; ecosystem services; ecosystems; grasslands; hydrology; labor; models; monitoring; photogrammetry; soil; spatial data; surveys; sward
Abstract:
... Grasslands deliver a range of ecosystem services, including the provision of food and biodiversity, and regulation of soil carbon storage and hydrology. Monitoring schemes are needed to quantify spatial changes in these multiple functions alongside ecosystem degradation. Sward height is widely recognised as a key spatial variable in the provision of these services. Current manual monitoring approa ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13148

19. Estimating transient populations of unmarked individuals at a migratory stopover site using generalized N‐mixture models

Author:
Kwon, Eunbi; Houghton, Lawrence M.; Settlage, Robert E.; Catlin, Daniel H.; Karpanty, Sarah M.; Fraser, James D.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2917-2932
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Arenaria interpres; analytical methods; data collection; environmental factors; immigration; migratory behavior; migratory species; population density; population growth; population size; prioritization; probability; species abundance; stopover sites; survival rate; tides; weather; New York
Abstract:
... Migration counts are popular indices used to monitor population trends over time. Advanced analytical methods for estimating abundance of unmarked, open populations now incorporate population growth models and simultaneously test for covariate effects on abundance and detection probability. However, estimating population abundance at a staging site is complicated by daily immigration and emigratio ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13243

20. Evaluating spatially explicit density estimates of unmarked wildlife detected by remote cameras

Author:
Evans, Michael J.; Rittenhouse, Tracy A. G.
Source:
Journal of applied ecology 2018 v.55 no.6 pp. 2565-2574
ISSN:
0021-8901
Subject:
Ursus americanus; cameras; cost effectiveness; land cover; land use; models; monitoring; wildlife
Abstract:
... Remote cameras have become a promising, cost‐effective tool for monitoring wildlife populations. Yet, for species where individuals are indistinguishable, remote cameras’ ability to provide robust and precise density estimates has been limited without the use of invasive marking. Using the American black bear as a model species, we evaluated methods for estimating wildlife densities using remote c ...
DOI:
10.1111/1365-2664.13194