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1. Acetylation of fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents by an Escherichia coli strain isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant

Author:
Jung, C.M.; Heinze, T.M.; Strakosha, R.; Elkins, C.A.; Sutherland, J.B.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 564-571
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Escherichia coli; acetylation; aminoglycosides; bacteria; ciprofloxacin; genes; high performance liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; minimum inhibitory concentration; municipal wastewater; mutation; norfloxacin; polymerase chain reaction; resistance mechanisms; wastewater treatment
Abstract:
... To isolate environmental bacteria capable of transforming fluoroquinolones to inactive molecules. Bacteria were isolated from the aerobic liquor of a wastewater treatment plant on a medium containing norfloxacin (100 mg l⁻¹). Twenty-two isolates were highly resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration: 6·25-200 μg ml⁻¹) to five fluoroquinolones and six of them were positive by PCR amplification for ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04026.x
PubMed:
19200322

2. Brassiparin, an antifungal peptide from Brassica parachinensis seeds

Author:
Lin, P.; Ng, T.B.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 554-563
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Bipolaris maydis; Brassica rapa var. parachinensis; Fusarium oxysporum; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Mycosphaerella; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; Valsa; affinity chromatography; antifungal properties; antifungal proteins; antimicrobial peptides; breast neoplasms; fungi; gel chromatography; hepatoma; ion exchange chromatography; molecular weight; mycelium; neoplasm cells; pH; seeds; thermal stability
Abstract:
... To isolate and characterize an antifungal peptide from the seeds of Brassica parachinensis L.H.Bailey. An antifungal peptide designated as brassiparin was isolated. It exhibited a molecular mass of 5716 Da. It potently inhibited mycelial growth in a number of fungal species including Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium maydis, Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Valsa mali. The antifungal activity of ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04025.x
PubMed:
19200321

3. Characterization and antimicrobial spectrum of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Bulgarian dairy products

Author:
Simova, E.D.; Beshkova, D.B.; Dimitrov, Zh.P.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 692-701
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Enterococcus faecium; Helicobacter pylori; Lactobacillus casei; Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis; alpha-amylase; amino acid sequences; anti-infective agents; antibacterial properties; bacteriocins; dairy products; heat; intestinal microorganisms; lactic acid bacteria; molecular weight; pH; peptides; proteinases
Abstract:
... To isolate bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with high wide spectrum antibacterial activity and to characterize their inhibitory peptides. Seven LAB strains [Lactobacillus casei ssp. rhamnosus (PC5), Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (BB18), Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (BCM5, BK15), Enterococcus faecium (MH3), Lactobacillus plantarum (BR12), Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04052.x
PubMed:
19200334

4. Cloning, expression and characterization of the serine protease gene from Chaetomium thermophilum

Author:
Li, A.-N.; Li, D.-C.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 369-380
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
thermal stability; Komagataella pastoris; thermophilic fungi; genes; Chaetomium; catalytic activity; open reading frames; amino acids; active sites; industrial applications; Escherichia coli; sequence analysis; enzyme stability; complementary DNA; gene overexpression; yeasts; amino acid sequences; subtilisin; temperature; culture media; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; pH
Abstract:
... Microbial proteases play an essential role in scientific research and commercial applications. This study is to clone, sequence, and express a thermostable protease gene from the thermophilic fungi Chaetomium thermophilum and to generate yeast strains expressing C. thermophilum protease suitable for industrial applications. Degenerate primers were designed based on the conserved domain of other id ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04042.x
PubMed:
19200305

5. Detection of heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxin genes of Escherichia coli in diarrhoeic faecal samples of mithun (Bos frontalis) calves by polymerase chain reaction

Author:
Rajkhowa, S.; Hussain, I.; Rajkhowa, C.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 455-458
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Bos frontalis; calves; diarrhea; enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; enterotoxins; feces; genes; heat stability; mithuns; mortality; polymerase chain reaction; serotypes
Abstract:
... To find out the prevalence of different serogroups of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and to detect heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin genes of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) from the faeces of mithun calves with diarrhoea. Faecal samples obtained from 65 diarrhoeic mithun calves of under 2 months of age were examined for E. coli using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifty-four E. coli ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04013.x
PubMed:
19200312

6. Development of Faecalibacterium 16S rRNA gene marker for identification of human faeces

Author:
Zheng, G.; Yampara-Iquise, H.; Jones, J.E.; Andrew Carson, C.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 634-641
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
DNA; DNA primers; bioinformatics; clones; digestive system; feces; genes; genetic markers; humans; microorganisms; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; sewage; suppression subtractive hybridization; transposons; water pollution
Abstract:
... The focus of this study was to identify a bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence, unique to microbiota in the human gut, for use in development of a dependable PCR assay to detect human faecal pollution in water. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and bioinformatics were used to identify a genetic marker, within the 16S rRNA gene of Faecalibacterium, for the detection of human faeces. DNA seque ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04037.x
PubMed:
19200327

7. Distribution and genotypic characterization of Salmonella serovars isolated from tropical seafood of Cochin, India

Author:
Kumar, R.; Surendran, P.K.; Thampuran, N.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 515-524
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Food and Drug Administration; Salmonella Derby; Salmonella Typhimurium; Salmonella Weltevreden; clones; fish; genetic variation; markets; polymerase chain reaction; repetitive sequences; seafoods; serotypes; India
Abstract:
... To determine the distribution of Salmonella serovars in seafood and to examine the intraserovar genetic variations in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Rissen and Salmonella Weltevreden by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-ribotyping and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR methods. A total of 417 seafood samples collected over 2003-2006 from fishing harbours and fish ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04020.x
PubMed:
19200318

8. Enhanced in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity and mobilization of free phenolic compounds of soybean flour fermented with different β-glucosidase-producing fungi

Author:
Georgetti, S.R.; Vicentini, F.T.M.C.; Yokoyama, C.Y.; Borin, M.F.; Spadaro, A.C.C.; Fonseca, M.J.V.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 459-466
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Aspergillus niveus; genistin; biotransformation; polyphenols; Aspergillus niger; soy flour; solid state fermentation; neoplasms; electrophoresis; beta-glucosidase; hydrogen peroxide; soybeans; genistein; glucosides; Aspergillus awamori; antioxidant activity; ultraviolet radiation; oxidative stress; fungi
Abstract:
... To evaluate the soybean polyphenol glucosides bioconversion to aglycone forms by different β-glucosidases-producing filamentous fungi to enhance their antioxidant activity. Soybean defatted flour was submitted to solid-state fermentation with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niveus and Aspergillus awamori. The fungi studied produced approximately the same β-glucosidase activity units amount when p-n ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03978.x

9. Factors influencing the presence and concentration of E. coli O157 and E. coli in farm waste on six cattle farms in North-West England

Author:
Smith, R.P.; Ellis-Iversen, J.; Snary, E.L.; Clifton-Hadley, F.A.; Paiba, G.A.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 613-623
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Escherichia coli O157; agricultural wastes; cattle; farms; feces; mixing; pastures; waste management; England
Abstract:
... To investigate the factors influencing the presence and burden of Escherichia coli O157 in farm wastes. Wastes from six cattle farms were screened for the presence and concentration of E. coli O157 and E. coli on three occasions over a year and waste management data were collected. Sixty-three of 878 (7·1%) samples were positive for verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 and 664/875 (75·9%) for E ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04033.x
PubMed:
19200325

10. Identification of lactic acid bacteria in Moroccan raw milk and traditionally fermented skimmed milk 'lben'

Author:
Ouadghiri, M.; Vancanneyt, M.; Vandamme, P.; Naser, S.; Gevers, D.; Lefebvre, K.; Swings, J.; Amar, M.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 486-495
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Leuconostoc kimchii; cost effectiveness; farms; lactic acid bacteria; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; proteins; raw milk; sequence analysis; skim milk; species diversity
Abstract:
... To identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in Moroccan dairy products to establish and preserve their microbial species diversity. Thirty-seven samples were collected from different farms. A total of 146 LAB were isolated and subjected to (GTG)₅-PCR analysis. Comparison of the profiles with data available at the Moroccan Coordinated Collections of Micro-organisms allowed identification of 85 i ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04016.x
PubMed:
19054226

11. Inhibition spectrum studies of microthecin and other anhydrofructose derivatives using selected strains of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, yeasts and moulds, and investigation of the cytotoxicity of microthecin to malignant blood cell lines

Author:
Fiskesund, R.; Thomas, L.V.; Schobert, M.; Ernberg, I.; Lundt, I.; Yu, S.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 624-633
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa; antibacterial properties; bacteria; blood; cell viability; cytotoxicity; cytotoxins; drugs; food processing; fructose; mammals; microbial growth; neoplasm cells; neoplasms; yeasts
Abstract:
... To prepare 1,5-anhydro- d-fructose (AF) derivatives, test their microbial inhibition spectrum, and to further examine the most effective AF derivative against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and malignant blood cell lines. Microthecin and nine other AF derivatives were synthesized from AF. The 10 compounds were tested in vitro against Gram-positive (GP) and Gram-negative (GN) bacteria, yeasts and moulds us ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04035.x
PubMed:
19200326

12. In vivo gene expression of cold shock and other stress-related genes in Vibrio vulnificus during shellstock temperature control conditions in oysters

Author:
Limthammahisorn, S.; Brady, Y.J.; Arias, C.R.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 642-650
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Vibrio vulnificus; bacteria; cell viability; cold; cold stress; gene expression; genes; guidelines; models; oysters; pathogens; refrigeration; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; sanitation; shellfish; temperature
Abstract:
... To determine Vibrio vulnificus response to shellstock refrigeration conditions while the bacterium was embedded in oysters (in vivo). Depurated oysters were artificially inoculated with V. vulnificus. Several cold-shock conditions were examined according to the National Sanitation Shellfish Program guidelines. Culturability of cells along the refrigeration period was measured using specific colony ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04038.x
PubMed:
19200328

13. Isolation of bovine intestinal Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici with inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli O157 and F5

Author:
Rodriguez-Palacios, A.; Staempfli, H.R.; Duffield, T.; Weese, J.S.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 393-401
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Escherichia coli O157; Lactobacillus plantarum; Pediococcus acidilactici; bile; cattle; growth retardation; intestines; lactic acid bacteria; pH; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; silage
Abstract:
... The growth rate of bovine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in five different culture conditions, and their inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli O157 and F5 in two assays was assessed to identify LAB for potential prophylactic use in cattle. 106 bovine-derived faecal/intestinal LAB were tested in vitro for tolerance to pH 2·0, pH 4·0, 0·15% and 0·3% bile, aerobic incubation, and for inhibitory ac ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03959.x
PubMed:
19200307

14. Lactic acid bacteria associated with a heat-processed pork product and sources of variation affecting chemical indices of spoilage and sensory characteristics

Author:
Laursen, B.G.; Byrne, D.V.; Kirkegaard, J.B.; Leisner, J.J.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 543-553
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Carnobacterium divergens; Lactobacillus sakei; Leuconostoc carnosum; acetic acid; arginine; lactic acid bacteria; meat extracts; metabolites; modified atmosphere packaging; pork; sensory properties; spoilage; tyramine
Abstract:
... To evaluate the potential for developing a quality index for a Danish modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) heat-processed and naturally contaminated pork meat product stored at 5°C. The composition of the predominating microflora and changes in contents of tyramine, arginine, organic acids and sensory characteristics were analysed. The microflora was predominated by Lactobacillus sakei, Leuconostoc ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04045.x
PubMed:
19200320

15. Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1098 prevents side effects produced by a nutritional vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

Author:
Molina, V.C.; Médici, M.; Taranto, M.P.; Font de Valdez, G.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 467-473
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
GRAS substances; Lactobacillus reuteri; adverse effects; diet; females; foods; mice; microorganisms; pregnancy; progeny; vitamin A deficiency; vitamin B12; weaning; young animals
Abstract:
... To evaluate the efficiency of the vitamin B₁₂₋producing Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1098 strain in preventing the symptoms caused by a nutritional cobalamin-deficient diet in pregnant female mice and their weaned offspring. Pregnant female mice were divided into three groups: animals fed with a B₁₂-deficient diet (DD), animals fed with DD plus L. reuteri CRL1098 and animals fed with a B₁₂-sufficient ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04014.x

16. Legionella pollution in cooling tower water of air-conditioning systems in Shanghai, China

Author:
Lin, H.; Xu, B.; Chen, Y.; Wang, W.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 606-612
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Legionella pneumophila; air conditioning; air temperature; cooling; hospitals; legionellosis; pollution; risk; serotypes; China
Abstract:
... To determine Legionella pollution prevalence, describe the amount of Legionellae with respect to temperature in Shanghai cooling tower water (CTWs) in various types of public sites. Six urban districts were selected as the study fields, adopting multiple-phase sampling methods. Routine culture was used to identify Legionellae. Of the samples, 58·9% (189/321) were observed to be positive, 19·9% wer ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04031.x
PubMed:
19120608

17. Most probable number methodology for quantifying dilute concentrations and fluxes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in surface waters

Author:
Jenkins, M.B.; Endale, D.M.; Fisher, D.S.; Gay, P.A.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 572
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Escherichia coli O157:H7; hemolytic uremic syndrome; bacterial contamination; agricultural watersheds; water microbiology; human health
Abstract:
... To better understand the transport and enumeration of dilute densities of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in agricultural watersheds, we developed a culture-based, five tube-multiple dilution most probable number (MPN) method. The MPN method combined a filtration technique for large volumes of surface water with standard selective media, biochemical and immunological tests, and a TaqMan confirmation step ...
Handle:
10113/27172
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04028.x
PubMed:
19200323

18. Multiple approaches to assess filamentous bacterial growth in activated sludge under different carbon source conditions

Author:
Gulez, G.; de los Reyes III, F.L.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 682-691
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Sphaerotilus natans; activated sludge; bacteria; biodegradability; carbon; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; fluorescence; hybridization; inoculum; microbial growth; microscopy; wastewater
Abstract:
... To compare molecular and microscopic approaches in determining which filamentous bacteria grow in activated sludge reactors when different carbon sources and different activated sludge mixed liquor inocula are used. Microscopic and molecular (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization) techniques were used to determine which filamentous bacteria became dominant i ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04049.x
PubMed:
19200333

19. Polyaluminum chloride-enhanced concentration efficiency of poliovirus and f₂ phage from sewage water

Author:
Zhang, X.; Zhao, Z.; Shen, Z.; Wang, X.-W.; Guo, J.; Jin, M.; Wang, J.; Qiu, Z.; Li, J.-W.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 660-665
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Enterovirus C; adsorption; aluminum oxide; bacteriophages; neutralization; pH; sewage; silica gel; temperature; wastewater
Abstract:
... To enhance the recovery of f₂ bacteriophage and poliovirus by an established method based on the adsorption to and elution from positively-charged Al(OH)₃-treated silica gel. Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC) was added to water samples to neutralize the negatively charged materials, which can reduce virus recovery by providing a competing adsorption mode on the media surface. Using this improved process ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04041.x

20. Population dynamics of Epicoccum nigrum, a biocontrol agent against brown rot in stone fruit

Author:
De Cal, A.; Larena, I.; Liñán, M.; Torres, R.; Lamarca, N.; Usall, J.; Domenichini, P.; Bellini, A.; de Eribe, X.O.; Melgarejo, P.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2009 v.106 no.2 pp. 592-605
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
Epicoccum nigrum; Monilinia; biological control; biological control agents; conidia; flowering; flowers; fungicides; growing season; harvesting; nectarines; orchards; pathogens; peaches; population dynamics; surveys; trees; viability; Italy; Spain
Abstract:
... To study the population dynamics of Epicoccum nigrum on peaches and nectarines and to enhance its colonization on fruit surfaces to improve its biocontrol efficacy against brown rot. Twelve surveys were performed to study E. nigrum populations and their effect on the number of the pathogenic Monilinia spp. conidia in peach orchards in Spain and Italy between 2002 and 2005. Fresh conidia and five d ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04030.x
PubMed:
19200324