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1. A breeding index to rank beef bulls for use on dairy females to maximize profit

Author:
Berry, D.P.; Amer, P.R.; Evans, R.D.; Byrne, T.; Cromie, A.R.; Hely, F.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10056-10072
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Angus; Charolais; Holstein; Jersey; artificial insemination; beef bulls; calving; carcass weight; dairy calves; dairy cows; dairy farming; dystocia; farmers; feed intake; genetic merit; gestation period; growth performance; heritability; income; meat production; milk production; mortality; phenotype; pregnancy; prices
Abstract:
... The desire to increase profit on dairy farms necessitates consideration of the revenue attainable from the sale of surplus calves for meat production. However, the generation of calves that are expected to excel in efficiency of growth and carcass merit must not be achieved to the detriment of the dairy female and her ability to calve and re-establish pregnancy early postcalving without any compro ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16912

2. Accuracy and biases in predicting the chemical and physical traits of many types of cheeses using different visible and near-infrared spectroscopic techniques and spectrum intervals

Author:
Stocco, Giorgia; Cipolat-Gotet, Claudio; Ferragina, Alessandro; Berzaghi, Paolo; Bittante, Giovanni
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 9622-9638
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Bayesian theory; cheese industry; cheese quality; chemical composition; chemometrics; color; equations; fresh cheeses; models; molds (fungi); near-infrared spectroscopy; pH; portable equipment; prediction; reflectance; texture; transmittance; wavelengths
Abstract:
... Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely used to determine various composition traits of many dairy products in the industry. In the last few years, near-infrared (NIR) instruments have become more and more accessible, and now, portable devices can be easily used in the field, allowing the direct measurement of important quality traits. However, the comparison of the predictive performanc ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16770

3. Aflatoxin compromises development of the preimplantation bovine embryo through mechanisms independent of reactive oxygen production

Author:
Jiang, Y.; Hansen, P.J.; Xiao, Y.; Amaral, T.F.; Vyas, D.; Adesogan, A.T.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10506-10513
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
adverse effects; aflatoxin B1; blastocyst; carboxylic acids; carcinogens; cattle; embryogenesis; embryonic mortality; feeds; oocytes; oxygen production; reactive oxygen species; vitamin E; zygote
Abstract:
... Aflatoxin is a potent carcinogen often found in animal feedstuffs. Although it reportedly impairs development of the preimplantation pig embryo, it is not known whether it adversely affects development of the preimplantation bovine embryo. We conducted 3 experiments to investigate this possibility and determine whether deleterious effects of aflatoxin were caused by increased production of reactiv ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16839

4. Alteration in propagating colonic contractions by dairy proteins in isolated rat large intestine

Author:
Dalziel, J.E.; Peters, J.S.; Dunstan, K.E.; McKenzie, C.M.; Spencer, N.J.; Haggarty, N.W.; Roy, N.C.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 9598-9604
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
casein; cattle; colon; gastrointestinal transit; hydrolysates; hydrolysis; protein hydrolysates; rats; rectum; whey; whey protein concentrate
Abstract:
... Gastrointestinal conditions in which the transit of contents is altered may benefit from nutritional approaches to influencing health outcomes. Milk proteins modulate the transit of contents along different regions, suggesting that they have varying effects on neuromuscular function to alter gastrointestinal motility. We tested the hypothesis that bovine whey and casein milk protein hydrolysates c ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16790

5. Altering the ratio of dietary C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 interacts with production level in dairy cows: Effects on production responses and energy partitioning

Author:
de Souza, J.; St-Pierre, N.R.; Lock, A.L.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 9842-9856
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
body condition; body weight; dairy cows; digestibility; dry matter intake; energy; group behavior; lactating females; lactation; lactose; milk; milk fat; milk fat yield; milk protein yield; milk proteins; oleic acid; palmitic acid
Abstract:
... The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of altering the dietary ratio of palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (cis-9 C18:1) acids on nutrient digestibility, energy partitioning, and production responses of lactating dairy cows. Cows were blocked by milk yield and assigned to 3 groups (12 cows per group) in a main plot: low (45.2 ± 1.7 kg/d), medium (53.0 ± 1.6 kg/d), and high (60.0 ± 1.9 kg/d ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16374

6. Alternative SNP weighting for single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictor evaluation of stature in US Holsteins in the presence of selected sequence variants

Author:
Raden, Paul M.; Fragomeni, B.O.; Lourenco, D.A.L.; Legarra, A.; VanRaden, P.M.; Misztal, I.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10012-10019
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Holstein; bulls; covariance; cows; daughters; genomics; genotype; marker-assisted selection; phenotype; prediction; single nucleotide polymorphism; variance; United States
Abstract:
... Causal variants inferred from sequence data analysis are expected to increase accuracy of genomic selection. In this work we evaluated the gain in reliability of genomic predictions, for stature in US Holsteins, when adding selected sequence variants to a pre-existent SNP chip. Two prediction methods were tested: de-regressed proofs assuming heterogeneous (genomic BLUP; GBLUP) residual variances a ...
Handle:
10113/6629901
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16262

7. Amino acid efficiencies of utilization vary by different mechanisms in response to energy and protein supplies in dairy cows: Study at mammary-gland and whole-body levels

Author:
Omphalius, C.; Lapierre, H.; Guinard-Flament, J.; Lamberton, P.; Bahloul, L.; Lemosquet, S.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 9883-9901
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
amino acids; dairy cows; diet; dry matter intake; energy; intestines; lactation; mammary glands; metabolism; milk; milk production; nitrogen; proteins; true protein
Abstract:
... Variations of mammary gland (MG) metabolism were studied in dairy cows in response to diets containing 2 levels of net energy of lactation [NEL; 25.0 and 32.5 Mcal/d for low (LE) and high energy (HE), respectively], combined with 2 levels of metabolizable protein [MP, 1,266 and 2,254 g/d of protein digestible in the intestine for low (LP) and high protein (HP), respectively] in a 2 × 2 factorial a ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16433

8. A natural biopreservative: Antibacterial action and mechanisms of Chinese Litsea mollis Hemsl. extract against Escherichia coli DH5α and Salmonella spp.

Author:
Cai, XiaoTian; Wang, Xue; Chen, YiCun; Wang, YangDong; Song, DaFeng; Gu, Qing
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 9663-9673
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Litsea; Salmonella; alkaline phosphatase; antibacterial properties; bacteria; biopreservatives; cell death; dairy industry; electrolytes; essential oils; human health; minimum inhibitory concentration; nucleic acids; propidium; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Chemical preservatives have potential safety hazards, which may pose threats to human health. Safer biopreservatives are therefore urgently required. This study investigated the bacteriostatic activity and mechanism of Litsea mollis Hemsl. essential oil against Escherichia coli DH5α and Salmonella spp. Antibacterial activity of Litsea mollis Hemsl. essential oil 9 (LMEO9) against E. coli DH5α was ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16292

9. A novel thermostable β-galactosidase from Bacillus coagulans with excellent hydrolysis ability for lactose in whey

Author:
Liu, Peng; Xie, Jiaxiao; Liu, Junhua; Ouyang, Jia
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 9740-9748
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Bacillus coagulans; Escherichia coli; amino acids; beta-galactosidase; dairy industry; enzymatic reactions; enzyme activity; enzyme kinetics; glycosides; half life; hydrolysis; lactose; manganese; pH; phylogeny; prices; prototypes; temperature; thermal stability; thermostable enzymes; whey
Abstract:
... β-Galactosidase is one of the most important enzymes used in dairy industry. Here, a novel thermostable β-galactosidase was cloned and overexpressed from Bacillus coagulans NL01 in Escherichia coli. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using neighbor-joining methods. Phylogeny and amino acid analysis indicated that this enzyme belonged to family 42 of glycoside hydrolases. The optimal pH and te ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16654

10. Association of lipid-related genes implicated in conceptus elongation with female fertility traits in dairy cattle

Author:
Abdollahi-Arpanahi, Rostam; Carvalho, Murilo R.; Ribeiro, Eduardo S.; Peñagaricano, Francisco
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10020-10029
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Holstein; bulls; conception rate; conceptus; cows; dairy cattle; dairy herds; days open; female fertility; genes; genetic markers; genomics; genotype; heifers; insemination; lactating females; lactation; lipid metabolism; pregnancy rate; reproductive efficiency; reproductive performance; selective breeding; single nucleotide polymorphism; statistical models; United States
Abstract:
... Elongation of the preimplantation conceptus is a requirement for pregnancy success in ruminants, and failures in this process are highly associated with subfertility in dairy cattle. Identifying genetic markers that are related to early conceptus development and survival and utilizing these markers in selective breeding can improve the reproductive efficiency of dairy herds. Here, we evaluated the ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-17068

11. Association of mid-infrared-predicted milk and blood constituents with early-lactation disease, removal, and production outcomes in Holstein cows

Author:
Bach, K.D.; Barbano, D.M.; McArt, J.A.A.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10129-10139
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
3-hydroxybutyric acid; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Holstein; abomasum; blood; blood sampling; computer software; dairy cows; dairy farming; dairy herds; death; disease incidence; disease occurrence; displaced abomasum; early lactation; endometritis; energy; free fatty acids; hyperketonemia; least squares; milk; milk yield; models; monitoring; relative risk; New York
Abstract:
... Partial least squares regression estimates of milk and blood constituents using Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FTIR) analysis have shown promise as a tool for monitoring early-lactation excessive energy deficit in dairy herds. Our objective was to analyze milk via FTIR to determine the association of early-lactation predicted milk β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations, predicted blood nonesterif ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16926

12. Associations between colostrum management, passive immunity, calf-related hygiene practices, and rates of mortality in preweaning dairy calves

Author:
Barry, J.; Bokkers, E.A.M.; Berry, D.P.; de Boer, I.J.M.; McClure, J.; Kennedy, E.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10266-10276
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
beef; blood serum; calving; colostrum; dairy calves; dairy herds; disease susceptibility; equipment; farms; herd size; hygiene; immunoglobulin G; mortality; passive immunity; rearing; weaning
Abstract:
... Calves are particularly vulnerable to health issues before weaning and experience high rates of mortality. Poor colostrum quality or substandard colostrum management, combined with poor hygiene, can increase disease susceptibility, contributing to elevated mortality rates. This study aimed to assess colostrum and calf management together with subsequent mortality rates in preweaning calves. Forty- ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16815

13. A survey of the relationship between functional genes and acetaldehyde production characteristics in Streptococcus thermophilus by multilocus sequence typing

Author:
Liu, Wenjun; Su, Xin; Duo, Nala; Yu, Jie; Song, Yuqing; Sun, Tiansong; Zha, Musu; Menghe, Bilige; Zhang, Heping; Sun, Zhihong
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 9651-9662
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Streptococcus thermophilus; acetaldehyde; bacteria; flavor; genes; genotype; multilocus sequence typing; nucleotide sequences; phenotype; phylogeny; surveys; yogurt
Abstract:
... Streptococcus thermophilus is an important bacterium used in the production of fermented dairy products. Yogurt with good flavor is preferred by consumers; thus, variation in flavor-formation characteristics among isolates is attracting attention. Here, acetaldehyde production characteristics of 30 isolates were evaluated in parallel with genotyping and multilocus sequence typing of key functional ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2018-16203

14. Automatic monitoring system for individual dairy cows based on a deep learning framework that provides identification via body parts and estimation of body condition score

Author:
Yukun, Sun; Pengju, Huo; Yujie, Wang; Ziqi, Cui; Yang, Li; Baisheng, Dai; Runze, Li; Yonggen, Zhang
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10140-10151
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
animal welfare; backfat; body condition; dairy cows; data collection; energy; fat thickness; model validation; monitoring; muscles; neural networks; precision agriculture; radio frequency identification; ranching; regression analysis; ultrasonics
Abstract:
... Body condition score (BCS) is a common tool for indirectly estimating the mobilization of energy reserves in the fat and muscle of cattle that meets the requirements of animal welfare and precision livestock farming for the effective monitoring of individual animals. However, previous studies on automatic BCS systems have used manual scoring for data collection, and traditional image extraction me ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2018-16164

15. Bacterial spore levels in bulk tank raw milk are influenced by environmental and cow hygiene factors

Author:
Martin, Nicole H.; Kent, David J.; Evanowski, Rachel L.; Zuber Hrobuchak, Tristan J.; Wiedmann, Martin
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 9689-9701
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
air; bacterial contamination; bacterial spores; butyric acid; cheeses; cleaning; dairy cows; dairy farming; dairy industry; farm management; farms; fluid milk; food contamination; heat tolerance; hygiene; ingredients; meteorological data; milk; models; powders; raw milk; sawdust; soil; spoilage; spore-forming bacteria; surveys; udders; uncertainty; New York
Abstract:
... Sporeforming bacteria are responsible for the spoilage of several dairy products including fluid milk, cheese, and products manufactured using dried dairy powders as ingredients. Sporeforming bacteria represent a considerable challenge for the dairy industry because they primarily enter the dairy product continuum at the farm, survive processing hurdles, and subsequently grow in finished products. ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16304

16. Canadian dairy farmers' perception of the efficacy of biosecurity practices

Author:
Denis-Robichaud, J.; Kelton, D.F.; Bauman, C.A.; Barkema, H.W.; Keefe, G.P.; Dubuc, J.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10657-10669
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
animal welfare; biosecurity; dairy farming; disease transmission; farmers; farmers' attitudes; farms; fomites; herds; indirect contact; motivation; pathogens; regression analysis; risk; veterinarians
Abstract:
... The adoption of biosecurity practices on dairy farms is limited worldwide. Multiple aspects, one of which is the perception of the effectiveness of these practices, influence the adoption of preventive behavior. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the general understanding of biosecurity by Canadian dairy farmers and to describe their perception of the effectiveness of specific ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16312

17. Carryover effects of pre- and postweaning planes of nutrition on reproductive tract development and estrous cycle characteristics in Holstein heifers

Author:
Bruinjé, T.C.; Rosadiuk, J.P.; Moslemipur, F.; Carrelli, J.E.; Steele, M.A.; Ambrose, D.J.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10514-10529
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Holstein; blood; calf feeding; calves; corpus luteum; diet; endometrium; estrous cycle; feeding level; heifers; luteolysis; ovarian follicles; ovulation; progesterone; puberty; total mixed rations; ultrasonography; whole milk
Abstract:
... The objectives of this study were to investigate the carryover effects of differing pre- and postweaning planes of nutrition on prepubertal reproductive tract development and postpubertal estrous cycle characteristics in Holstein heifers. Heifer calves (n = 36) were randomly assigned to receive either a low or a high (5 or 10 L of whole milk/d, respectively) preweaning diet from 1 to 7 wk of age a ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16249

18. Classifying the fertility of dairy cows using milk mid-infrared spectroscopy

Author:
Ho, P.N.; Bonfatti, V.; Luke, T.D.W.; Pryce, J.E.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10460-10470
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
3-hydroxybutyric acid; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; blood; breeding value; calving; conception; dairy cows; dairy herds; discriminant analysis; female fertility; genomics; genotype; information sources; insemination; lactation; lactose; least squares; milk; milk fatty acids; milk production; models; prediction; somatic cell count; urea; Australia
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of milk mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, MIR-derived traits including milk composition, milk fatty acids, and blood metabolic profiles (fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and urea), and other on-farm data for discriminating cows of good versus poor likelihood of conception to first insemination (i.e., pregnant vs. open). A total of 6,488 sp ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16412

19. Communication styles of Swedish veterinarians involved in dairy herd health management: A motivational interviewing perspective

Author:
Svensson, C.; Emanuelson, U.; Bard, A.M.; Forsberg, L.; Wickström, H.; Reyher, K.K.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10173-10185
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
behavior change; continuing education; dairy cattle; dairy herds; decision making; farmers; herd health; motivation; occupations; persuasion; questionnaires; regression analysis; telephones; veterinarians
Abstract:
... Veterinary communication has evolved in the context of traditional veterinary tasks, such as diagnosing and treating sick animals, and this may encourage a directive communication style, in which the veterinarian acts as an expert, directing the client in what to do and how to do it. This type of communication style has been shown to evoke resistance to change in clients who are experiencing psych ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2018-15731

20. Comparing effects of bovine Streptococcus and Escherichia coli mastitis on impaired reproductive performance

Author:
Lavon, Y.; Leitner, G.; Kressel, Y.; Ezra, E.; Wolfenson, D.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2019 v.102 no.11 pp. 10587-10598
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Streptococcus; artificial insemination; automation; bovine mastitis; calving; dairy cows; dairy farming; days open; epidemiological studies; lactating females; late lactation; milk; pathogens; periodicity; pregnancy rate; reproductive performance; somatic cell count; Israel
Abstract:
... In 2 epidemiological studies, we evaluated the effect of mastitis induced by gram-positive Streptococcus and gram-negative Escherichia coli on impaired reproductive performance in lactating Holstein cows. In the first study, 52,202 cows from 178 dairy farms throughout Israel were divided into groups based on infection before first artificial insemination (AI) with Streptococcus or E. coli, 3 group ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2019-16673