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You searched for: Journal Journal of dairy science Remove constraint Journal: Journal of dairy science Publication Year 2018 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2018 Source 2018 v.101 no.4 Remove constraint Source: 2018 v.101 no.4
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1. Addition of meloxicam to the treatment of bovine clinical mastitis results in a net economic benefit to the dairy farmer

Author:
van Soest, Felix J.S.; Abbeloos, Elke; McDougall, Scott; Hogeveen, Henk
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3387-3397
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
bioeconomics; calving; conception rate; cost effectiveness; dairy cows; drug therapy; farmers; feed intake; financial economics; lactation; mastitis; meloxicam; milk; milk production; production technology; reproductive performance; simulation models
Abstract:
... Recently, it has been shown that the addition of meloxicam to standard antimicrobial therapy for clinical mastitis (CM) improves the conception rate of dairy cows contracting CM in the first 120 d in milk. The objective of our study was to assess whether this improved reproduction through additional treatment with meloxicam would result in a positive net economic benefit for the farmer. We develop ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-12869

2. Antimicrobial consumption on dairy herds and its association with antimicrobial inhibition zone diameters of non-aureus staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical mastitis

Author:
Stevens, M.; Piepers, S.; Supré, K.; De Vliegher, S.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3311-3322
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Staphylococcus aureus; active ingredients; adults; antibiotic resistance; audits; bacteria; beta-lactam antibiotics; beta-lactams; bovine mastitis; dairy cows; dairy farming; dairy herds; human health; milk; municipal solid waste; neomycin; therapeutics
Abstract:
... The main objectives of this study were to quantify the consumption of antimicrobials on a convenience sample of dairy herds and to determine the association between herd-level antimicrobial consumption and inhibition zone diameters (IZD) of non-aureus staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus isolates from subclinical mastitis cases. Also, the association between the IZD of non-aureus staphylococci ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13365

3. Bacterial and fungal communities, fermentation, and aerobic stability of conventional hybrids and brown midrib hybrids ensiled at low moisture with or without a homo- and heterofermentative inoculant

Author:
Romero, J.J.; Joo, Y.; Park, J.; Tiezzi, F.; Gutierrez-Rodriguez, E.; Castillo, M.S.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3057-3076
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Debaryomycetaceae; Enterobacteriaceae; Lactobacillus buchneri; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Pichiaceae; Tremellales; Zea mays; acetic acid; community structure; corn; corn silage; experimental design; fermentation; fungal communities; hybrids; mutants; nutritive value; silage making; silos; yeasts
Abstract:
... We evaluated the effects of adding a combination inoculant to 4 corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids harvested at low moisture on the nutritive value, fermentation profile, aerobic stability, bacterial and fungal populations, and community structure. The treatment design was the factorial combination of 4 corn hybrids ensiled with (INO) and without (CON) inoculant. The hybrids were TMF2R737 (MCN), F2F817 (M ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13754

4. Characterization and milk coagulating properties of Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid. proteases

Author:
Luo, Jie; Xiao, Chen; Zhang, Hao; Ren, Fazheng; Lei, Xingen; Yang, Zibiao; Yu, Zhengquan
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 2842-2850
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Cynanchum; alpha-casein; anion exchange chromatography; beta-casein; cakes; cheeses; coagulants; cysteine proteinases; enzyme activity; herbaceous plants; kappa-casein; leaves; manufacturing; milk; milk clotting; molecular weight; pH stability; proteolysis; temperature; thermal stability
Abstract:
... The herbaceous plant Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid. is widely used as a milk coagulant to make a Chinese traditional milk product, milk cake. However, the milk-clotting compounds and their mechanism remain unclear. In this study, crude proteases were extracted from the dried leaves of Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid. using citric acid-phosphate buffer and then partially purified by weak anion exchange ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13888

5. Characterization of a cryptic plasmid isolated from Lactobacillus casei CP002616 and construction of shuttle vectors based on its replicon

Author:
Song, Xin; Huang, He; Xiong, Zhiqiang; Xia, Yongjun; Wang, Guangqiang; Yin, Boxing; Ai, Lianzhong
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 2875-2886
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
DNA replication; Escherichia; Lactobacillus casei; exopolysaccharides; genetic vectors; green fluorescent protein; heat treatment; molecular cloning; mutants; open reading frames; plasmid curing; plasmids; replicon; sequence analysis
Abstract:
... The cryptic plasmid pLC2W was isolated from Lactobacillus casei CP002616. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that 4 putative open reading frames (ORF) were responsible for DNA replication. Four Escherichia coli-Lactobacillus shuttle vectors were constructed using different lengths of the pLC2W replicon to identify the shortest functional replicon. The length of the pLC2W replicon did not affect ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13771

6. Circulating progesterone concentrations in nonlactating Holstein cows during reuse of intravaginal progesterone implants sanitized by autoclave or chemical disinfection

Author:
Melo, L.F.; Monteiro, P.L.J.; Oliveira, L.H.; Guardieiro, M.M.; Drum, J.N.; Wiltbank, M.C.; Sartori, R.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3537-3544
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Holstein; autoclaves; autoclaving; blood sampling; cows; disinfection; drug implants; drugs; luteolysis; progesterone; statistical analysis; vagina
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to compare plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations in nonlactating, multiparous Holstein cows (n = 24) treated with 2 types of intravaginal implants containing either 1.0 or 1.9 g of P4 either at the first use or during reuse of the implants after sanitizing the implant by autoclave or chemical disinfection. In a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrange ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13569

7. Combining genetic and physiological data to identify predictors of lifetime reproductive success and the effect of selection on these predictors on underlying fertility traits

Author:
Dennis, N.A.; Stachowicz, K.; Visser, B.; Hely, F.S.; Berg, D.K.; Friggens, N.C.; Amer, P.R.; Meier, S.; Burke, C.R.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3176-3192
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
breeding value; calving; calving rate; cattle productivity; dairy cows; data collection; daughters; environmental factors; estrus; female fertility; genetic merit; genetic traits; genetic variation; herds; lactation; milk; milk yield; pedigree; phenotype; prediction; pregnancy rate; puberty; random mating; reproductive success; selection criteria; simulation models; sires; stochastic processes; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Fertility of the dairy cow relies on complex interactions between genetics, physiology, and management. Mathematical modeling can combine a range of information sources to facilitate informed predictions of cow fertility in scenarios that are difficult to evaluate empirically. We have developed a stochastic model that incorporates genetic and physiological data from more than 70 published reports ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13355

8. Cross-sectional study to identify staphylococcal species isolated from teat and inguinal skin of different-aged dairy heifers

Author:
Adkins, P.R.F.; Dufour, S.; Spain, J.N.; Calcutt, M.J.; Reilly, T.J.; Stewart, G.C.; Middleton, J.R.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3213-3225
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Holstein; Staphylococcus arlettae; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus chromogenes; Staphylococcus equorum; Staphylococcus haemolyticus; Staphylococcus lentus; Staphylococcus sciuri; Staphylococcus vitulinus; Staphylococcus xylosus; agar; cross-sectional studies; dairy heifers; desorption; ecology; mannitol; mastitis; matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry; polymerase chain reaction; probability; regression analysis; teats
Abstract:
... The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and distribution of staphylococcal species on the teat and inguinal skin of dairy heifers across the various stages of the heifer life cycle. The cross-sectional study included 106 Holstein heifers with an age range of 0 d to 27 mo that were selected from 11 different groups, based on housing type and age, on a single dairy operation. A comp ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13974

9. Detection of evaluation bias caused by genomic preselection

Author:
Tyrisevä, A.-M.; Mäntysaari, E.A.; Jakobsen, J.; Aamand, G.P.; Dürr, J.; Fikse, W.F.; Lidauer, M.H.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3155-3163
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
breeding value; bulls; calves; computer software; cows; daughters; genetic trend; genetic variance; genomics; heritability; marker-assisted selection; pedigree; standard deviation; variance
Abstract:
... The aim of this simulation study was to investigate whether it is possible to detect the effect of genomic preselection on Mendelian sampling (MS) means or variances obtained by the MS validation test. Genomic preselection of bull calves is 1 additional potential source of bias in international evaluations unless adequately accounted for in national evaluations. Selection creates no bias in tradit ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13527

10. Differential effects of a single dose of oral calcium based on postpartum plasma calcium concentration in Holstein cows

Author:
Leno, B.M.; Neves, R.C.; Louge, I.M.; Curler, M.D.; Thomas, M.J.; Overton, T.R.; McArt, J.A.A.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3285-3302
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Dairy Herd Improvement Associations; Holstein; analysis of variance; at-risk population; body condition; calcium; calves; calving; commercial farms; confidence interval; cows; displaced abomasum; health status; herds; milk; milk production; models; oral administration; relative risk; retained placenta; risk factors; risk reduction; standard deviation; New York
Abstract:
... Our objectives were to determine (1) the effect of a single dose of an oral Ca bolus within 24 h after parturition on plasma Ca concentration, (2) the response of primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) cows to this supplementation strategy, and (3) differential responses based on plasma Ca at enrollment. For objective 1, cows from 1 commercial dairy in New York State were enrolled within 19 h after ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13164

11. Early-life events associated with first-lactation performance in pasture-based dairy herds

Author:
Chuck, G.M.; Mansell, P.D.; Stevenson, M.A.; Izzo, M.M.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3488-3500
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
autumn; average daily gain; calves; calving; cohort studies; confidence interval; dairy herds; diarrhea; dystocia; heifers; lactation; milk; milk yield; protein synthesis; puberty; regression analysis; spring; summer; weight gain; Victoria (Australia)
Abstract:
... This was a prospective cohort study to determine how events from birth until first calving affect performance during the first lactation in pasture-based dairy herds in Victoria, Australia. Events during the preweaning (0–84 d), prepubertal (85–473 d), and postpubertal (474–804 d) periods were recorded in 6 herds, and their association with first-lactation 100-d and 250-d total milk, fat, and prot ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-12626

12. Effect of adding clay with or without a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on the health and performance of lactating dairy cows challenged with dietary aflatoxin B1

Author:
Jiang, Y.; Ogunade, I.M.; Kim, D.H.; Li, X.; Pech-Cervantes, A.A.; Arriola, K.G.; Oliveira, A.S.; Driver, J.P.; Ferraretto, L.F.; Staples, C.R.; Vyas, D.; Adesogan, A.T.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3008-3020
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; additives; aflatoxicosis; aflatoxin B1; aflatoxin M1; alfalfa hay; bentonite; clay; corn silage; dairy cows; diet; enzymes; fermented foods; ingestion; lactating females; lactation; liver; milk; milk yield; total mixed rations
Abstract:
... The study was conducted to examine the effect of supplementing bentonite clay with or without a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; 19 g of NutriTek + 16 g of MetaShield, both from Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) on the performance and health of dairy cows challenged with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows (64 ± 11 d in milk) were stratified by parity and milk p ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13678

13. Effect of altering the type of dietary carbohydrate early postpartum on reproductive performance and milk production in pasture-grazed dairy cows

Author:
McDougall, S.; Leane, S.; Butler, S.T.; Roche, J.R.; Burke, C.R.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3433-3446
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
barley; breeding; calving; canola; corn; corn silage; dairy cows; dietary carbohydrate; distillers grains; early lactation; estrus; farms; grazing; herds; hulls; milk production; palm kernel meal; pastures; pregnancy rate; reproductive performance; starch; tail
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to assess the effect of increasing dietary starch for approximately 30 d postpartum on reproduction outcomes in pasture-grazed, seasonal-calving dairy cows. Cows (n = 948) from 3 commercial herds were blocked by age (2, 3, and >3 yr), breed, and expected calving date and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 postpartum treatment groups: high starch (34.7 ± 1.9% nonstructural ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2016-12421

14. Effect of delaying colostrum feeding on passive transfer and intestinal bacterial colonization in neonatal male Holstein calves

Author:
Fischer, A.J.; Song, Y.; He, Z.; Haines, D.M.; Guan, L.L.; Steele, M.A.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3099-3109
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Bifidobacterium; Clostridium; Escherichia coli; Holstein; Lactobacillus; absorption; bacteria; bacterial colonization; blood sampling; blood serum; body weight; catheters; colon; colostrum; dairy calves; digesta; heat treatment; ileum; immunoglobulin G; jejunum; males; milk replacer; mucosa; quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of time of first colostrum feeding on the passive transfer of IgG and on bacterial colonization in the intestine of neonatal dairy calves. Twenty-seven male Holstein calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments at birth: calves were fed colostrum at 45 min (0 h, n = 9), 6 h (n = 9), or 12 h after birth (n = 9). Calves were fed pooled, ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13397

15. Effect of dietary fish oil supplements alone or in combination with sunflower and linseed oil on ruminal lipid metabolism and bacterial populations in lactating cows

Author:
Kairenius, P.; Leskinen, H.; Toivonen, V.; Muetzel, S.; Ahvenjärvi, S.; Vanhatalo, A.; Huhtanen, P.; Wallace, R.J.; Shingfield, K.J.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3021-3035
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Helianthus annuus; bacteria; biohydrogenation; chemical bonding; cows; diet; digesta; fish; fish oils; foods; genes; grass silage; lactating females; lactation; linseed oil; microbial communities; nutritive value; omasum; polyunsaturated fatty acids; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; rumen; rumen fermentation; rumen microorganisms; sampling; sunflower oil; trans fatty acids
Abstract:
... Fish oil (FO) alters ruminal biohydrogenation causing trans fatty acid (FA) intermediates to accumulate, but the effects of 18-carbon polyunsaturated FA supply on ruminal long-chain FA metabolism and microbial communities in cattle fed FO are not well established. Four cows fitted with rumen cannula were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square with 21-d experimental periods to evaluate the effects of FO alon ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13776

16. Effect of dietary vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation on plasma and milk 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration in dairy cows

Author:
Guo, J.; Jones, A.K.; Givens, D.I.; Lovegrove, J.A.; Kliem, K.E.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3545-3553
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
25-hydroxycholecalciferol; calving; cattle feeds; cholecalciferol; dairy cows; diet; early lactation; milk; milk yield
Abstract:
... Milk enriched with vitamin D by supplementing dairy cow diets could provide a valuable dietary source of vitamin D, but information on the feasibility of this approach is limited. In the current study, the effects of supplementing dairy cows with either vitamin D3 or 25(OH)D3 over the transition/early lactation period on plasma and milk vitamin D concentrations were compared. Sixty dairy cows were ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13824

17. Effect of isoflurane alone or in combination with meloxicam on the behavior and physiology of goat kids following cautery disbudding

Author:
Hempstead, Melissa N.; Waas, Joseph R.; Stewart, Mairi; Dowling, Suzanne K.; Cave, Vanessa M.; Lowe, Gemma L.; Sutherland, Mhairi A.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3193-3204
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Saanen; accelerometers; analgesia; anesthesia; blood glucose; blood sampling; body temperature; body weight; cortisol; dairy goats; feeding behavior; females; glucose; grooming (animal behavior); head; isoflurane; kids (goats); lactic acid; meloxicam; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents; pain; physiological response
Abstract:
... Cautery disbudding of goat kids is painful, but may be alleviated with pain mitigation. We therefore evaluated the effect of administering general anesthesia (isoflurane) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (meloxicam) on goat kid behavior and physiology following cautery disbudding. Trial 1 (n = 12/treatment) evaluated behavioral responses in 72 female Saanen dairy goat kids (mean ± standard ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13507

18. Effect of milk cessation method at dry-off on behavioral activity of dairy cows

Author:
Rajala-Schultz, P.J.; Gott, P.N.; Proudfoot, K.L.; Schuenemann, G.M.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 3261-3270
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
dairies; dairy cows; dry period (lactation); drying; herds; lactation; microprocessors; milk; milk yield; milking; udders; United States
Abstract:
... Drying cows off at the end of lactation is a routine management practice in dairy operations. Most dairies in the United States and many other countries dry cows off abruptly (e.g., stop milking cows on a set day), which has been shown to affect cow comfort. Gradually reducing milk production is another approach to dry cows off, routinely used in some countries and herds. The objective of the stud ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13588

19. Effect of milk protein composition of a model infant formula on the physicochemical properties of in vivo gastric digestates

Author:
Tari, N. Rafiee; Fan, M.Z.; Archbold, T.; Kristo, E.; Guri, A.; Arranz, E.; Corredig, M.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 2851-2861
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
ad libitum feeding; beta-casein; digesta; digestion; food matrix; hydrolysis; infant formulas; microstructure; models; neonates; nutrient requirements; nutritive value; pH; permeates; piglets; protein composition; protein sources; skim milk; sow milk; sows; statistical analysis; stomach; storage modulus; viscosity; whey; whey protein isolate
Abstract:
... We investigated the effect of protein composition and, in particular, the presence of whey proteins or β-casein on the digestion behavior of a model infant formula using an in vivo piglet model. Three isocaloric diets optimized for piglets were prepared with the same concentrations of protein. For protein source, 1 diet contained only whey proteins and 2 contained a casein:whey protein ratio of 40 ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13245

20. Effect of pH on dissociation of casein micelles in yak skim milk

Author:
Yang, M.; Zhang, G.D.; Yang, J.T.; Sun, D.; Wen, P.C.; Zhang, W.B.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2018 v.101 no.4 pp. 2998-3007
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
acidification; alkalinization; blood serum; calcium; calcium phosphates; casein; copper; dissociation; fluorescence; iron; magnesium; manganese; micelles; pH; particle size; phosphorus content; potassium; scanning electron microscopy; skim milk; sodium; wavelengths; yaks; zinc
Abstract:
... The dissociation of yak casein (CN) micelles was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, particle size, fluorescence properties, and soluble mineral and CN molecule content at pH 4.6 to 8.2. The results showed that the size of CN micelles remained constant with decreasing pH from 8.2 to 5.8 but sharply increased at pH ≤5.4. Casein micelles began to aggregate at pH 5.4, and the serum magnesium, ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2017-13653