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1. Across-country test-day model evaluations for Holstein, Nordic Red Cattle, and Jersey

Author:
Lidauer, Martin H.; Pösö, Jukka; Pedersen, Jørn; Lassen, Jan; Madsen, Per; Mäntysaari, Esa A.; Nielsen, Ulrik S.; Eriksson, Jan-Åke; Johansson, Kjell; Pitkänen, Timo; Strandén, Ismo; Aamand, Gert P.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 1296-1309
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Holstein; Jersey; additive gene effects; age; breeding value; calving; covariance; crossing; dairy cows; equations; genetic correlation; heritability; milk; model validation; models; phenotype; regression analysis; sires; variance
Abstract:
... Three random regression models were developed for routine genetic evaluation of Danish, Finnish, and Swedish dairy cattle. Data included over 169 million test-day records with milk, protein, and fat yield observations from over 8.7 million dairy cows of all breeds. Variance component analyses showed significant differences in estimates between Holstein, Nordic Red Cattle, and Jersey, but only smal ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8307

2. Activity and milk compositional changes following experimentally induced Streptococcus uberis bovine mastitis

Author:
Kester, H.J.; Sorter, D.E.; Hogan, J.S.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 999-1004
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Holstein; Streptococcus uberis; bovine mastitis; cows; dairy protein; lactose; late lactation; mammary glands; milk; milk yield; milking; physical activity
Abstract:
... Milk constituents and physical activity of cows experimentally infected with Streptococcus uberis mastitis were compared with those of uninfected cows. Twelve late-lactation Holsteins cows were paired based on milk production and parity. One cow in each pair was experimentally infected in the right front mammary gland with Strep. uberis. The remaining cow in each pair served as an uninfected contr ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8576

3. Allometric comparison of Georgia dairy heifers on farms and at youth shows

Author:
White, D.S.; Duberstein, K.J.; Fain Bohlen, J.L.; Bertrand, J.K.; Nelson, A.H.; Froetschel, M.A.; Davidson, B.E.; Graves, W.M.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 1345-1353
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Holstein; allometry; average daily gain; calving; dairy farming; dairy heifers; farms; head; herds; industry; livestock exhibitions; milking; parents; tail; underweight; withers; youth; Georgia
Abstract:
... Studies were conducted to determine the relationship between allometric measures of growth of Holstein dairy heifers and placing in the show ring, and to compare differences in growth between Holstein heifers that are shown and not shown. In the first study, 494 Holstein show heifers were evaluated at the 2012 and 2013 Georgia Junior National Livestock Shows. Measurements were obtained for weight, ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8529

4. Alterations in sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and cytokine release by polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in the diet under high ambient temperature

Author:
Ciliberti, Maria Giovanna; Albenzio, Marzia; Annicchiarico, Giovanni; Sevi, Agostino; Muscio, Antonio; Caroprese, Mariangela
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 872-879
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Ascophyllum nodosum; ambient temperature; cell proliferation; dairy sheep; diet; ewes; fatty acid composition; immune response; inflammation; interleukin-6; linseed; lymphocyte proliferation; mononuclear leukocytes; polyunsaturated fatty acids; summer; synergism
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation from different sources in the diet of dairy sheep under high ambient temperatures on ex vivo lymphocyte proliferation and inflammatory responses. The experiment was carried out during summer: 32 Comisana ewes were divided into 4 groups of 8. The FS group was supplemented with whole flaxseed, t ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8333

5. A multiarm randomized field trial evaluating strategies for udder health improvement in Swiss dairy herds

Author:
Tschopp, A.; Reist, M.; Kaufmann, T.; Bodmer, M.; Kretzschmar, L.; Heiniger, D.; Berchtold, B.; Wohlfender, F.; Harisberger, M.; Boss, R.; Strabel, D.; Cousin, M.-E.; Graber, H.U.; Steiner, A.; van den Borne, B.H.P.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 840-860
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
bulk milk; cows; dairy herds; farmers; field experimentation; mastitis; somatic cell count; udders; veterinarians
Abstract:
... The aims of this study were to quantify the effectiveness of specialist advice about udder health in Swiss dairy herds and to compare 3 different udder health improvement strategies against a negative control group. In 2010, 100 Swiss dairy herds with a high (between 200,000 and 300,000 cells/mL) yield-corrected bulk milk somatic cell count (YCBMSCC) were recruited for a 1-yr multiarm randomized f ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8053

6. Assessing the ruminal action of the isopropyl ester of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid in continuous and batch cultures of mixed ruminal microbes

Author:
Fowler, C.M.; Plank, J.E.; Devillard, E.; Bequette, B.J.; Firkins, J.L.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 1167-1177
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
acetates; acid detergent fiber; amino acids; ammonium nitrogen; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; hemicellulose; inoculum; isopropyl alcohol; mixed culture; neutral detergent fiber; organic matter; propionic acid; protein synthesis; rumen microorganisms
Abstract:
... In dairy rations, Met is often a limiting amino acid that is provided by rumen-undegradable protein and rumen-protected sources of Met. A Met precursor, 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB) has undergone considerable study for ruminal and postruminal metabolism, whereas its isopropyl ester (HMBi) has been evaluated primarily with respect to its supply of metabolizable Met rather than as a ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8692

7. Association between antibody status to bovine herpesvirus 1 and quality of milk in dairy herds in Poland

Author:
Rola, J.G.; Larska, M.; Grzeszuk, M.; Rola, J.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 781-789
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Bovine herpesvirus 1; antibodies; blood sampling; bulk milk; cows; dairy farming; dairy herds; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; financial economics; lipid content; mastitis; milk; milk composition; pathogens; plate count; protein content; regression analysis; risk factors; seroprevalence; somatic cell count; summer; Poland
Abstract:
... Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) is one of the most important pathogens of cattle; however, its effect on somatic cell count and milk components is not completely understood. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of BoHV1 infection on quality of bovine bulk tank milk (BTM). A total of 1,790 individual blood samples collected at 28 dairy farms were used to determine the BoHV1 infection ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8781

8. Body condition score at calving affects systemic and hepatic transcriptome indicators of inflammation and nutrient metabolism in grazing dairy cows

Author:
Akbar, H.; Grala, T.M.; Vailati Riboni, M.; Cardoso, F.C.; Verkerk, G.; McGowan, J.; Macdonald, K.; Webster, J.; Schutz, K.; Meier, S.; Matthews, L.; Roche, J.R.; Loor, J.J.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 1019-1032
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
3-hydroxybutyric acid; albumins; beta oxidation; biomarkers; blood serum; body condition; calving; carnitine; dairy cows; disease incidence; dry matter intake; early lactation; energy balance; free fatty acids; gene expression; genes; gluconeogenesis; grazing; haptoglobins; health status; inflammation; lipoproteins; liver; liver function; milk; milk yield; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; transcriptome; transcriptomics; triacylglycerols
Abstract:
... Calving body condition score (BCS) is an important determinant of early-lactation dry matter intake, milk yield, and disease incidence. The current study investigated the metabolic and molecular changes induced by the change in BCS. A group of cows of mixed age and breed were managed from the second half of the previous lactation to achieve mean group BCS (10-point scale) that were high (HBCS, 5.5 ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8584

9. Bovine chromosomal regions affecting rheological traits in acid-induced skim milk gels

Author:
Glantz, M.; Gustavsson, F.; Bertelsen, H.P.; Stålhammar, H.; Lindmark-Månsson, H.; Paulsson, M.; Bendixen, C.; Gregersen, V.R.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 1273-1285
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
additive gene effects; beta-lactoglobulin; breeding; coagulation; cows; fermented milk; gel strength; gels; genes; genetic variation; genome-wide association study; haplotypes; kappa-casein; mammary glands; models; phenotypic variation; quantitative trait loci; single nucleotide polymorphism; skim milk
Abstract:
... The production of fermented milk products has increased worldwide during the last decade and is expected to continue to increase during the coming decade. The quality of these products may be optimized through breeding practices; however, the relations between cow genetics and technological properties of acid milk gels are not fully known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify chromosom ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8137

10. Bovine chromosomal regions affecting rheological traits in rennet-induced skim milk gels

Author:
Gregersen, V.R.; Gustavsson, F.; Glantz, M.; Christensen, O.F.; Stålhammar, H.; Andrén, A.; Lindmark-Månsson, H.; Poulsen, N.A.; Larsen, L.B.; Paulsson, M.; Bendixen, C.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 1261-1272
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
cathepsins; cattle; cheesemaking; cheeses; coagulation; gel strength; gelation; gels; genes; genome-wide association study; haplotypes; kappa-casein; manufacturing; models; phenotypic variation; proteolysis; quantitative trait loci; rennet; single nucleotide polymorphism; skim milk
Abstract:
... Optimizing cheese yield and quality is of central importance to cheese manufacturing. The yield is associated with the time it takes before the gel has an optimal consistency for further processing, and it is well known that gel formation differs between individual milk samples. By identifying genomic regions affecting traits related to rennet-induced gelation, the aim of this study was to identif ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8136

11. Comparison of maintenance energy requirement and energetic efficiency between lactating Holstein-Friesian and other groups of dairy cows

Author:
Dong, L.F.; Yan, T.; Ferris, C.P.; McDowell, D.A.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 1136-1144
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Holstein; Jersey; body weight; calorimetry; dairy cows; digestible energy; energy efficiency; energy expenditure; energy intake; feed intake; heat production; hybrids; lactation; linear models; metabolizable energy; milk; pregnancy
Abstract:
... The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of cow group on energy expenditure and utilization efficiency. Data used were collated from 32 calorimetric chamber experiments undertaken from 1992 to 2010, with 823 observations from lactating Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows and 112 observations from other groups of lactating cows including Norwegian (n=50), Jersey × HF (n=46), and ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8629

12. Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant

Author:
Lynch, J.P.; Baah, J.; Beauchemin, K.A.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 1214-1224
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
acetic acid; acid detergent fiber; additive effect; adverse effects; cellulases; corn; corn silage; crops; cutting; enzymatic treatment; ethanol; ferulic acid; in vitro digestibility; neutral detergent fiber; nutritive value; pH; silage fermentation; silos; starch; stubble; xylanases; yeasts
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a fibrolytic enzyme product, applied at ensiling either alone or in combination with a ferulic acid esterase-producing bacterial additive, on the chemical composition, conservation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of corn silage harvested at either conventional or high cutting height. Triplicate samples of corn were harves ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8768

13. Constraints for nutritional grouping in Wisconsin and Michigan dairy farms

Author:
Contreras-Govea, F.E.; Cabrera, V.E.; Armentano, L.E.; Shaver, R.D.; Crump, P.M.; Beede, D.K.; VandeHaar, M.J.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 1336-1344
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
body condition; cows; dairy farming; diet; farmers; farms; herd size; labor; lactation stage; milk; milk production; questionnaires; surveys; Michigan; Wisconsin
Abstract:
... A survey was conducted in Wisconsin (WI) and Michigan (MI) to quantify the proportion of farms that use a single diet for all lactating cows and to better understand the reasons for current grouping strategies and the limitations to grouping for better nutritional management. A questionnaire was mailed to all WI dairy farmers with ≥200 lactating cows (971 farms) and to a random sample of grade-A M ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8368

14. Dairy cow preference and usage of an alternative freestall design

Author:
Abade, C.C.; Fregonesi, J.A.; von Keyserlingk, M.A.G.; Weary, D.M.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 960-965
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
dairy cows; equipment design; free stalls; hooves; labor; neck
Abstract:
... Freestall housing for dairy cows was created to reduce the amount of bedding and labor needed to keep stalls clean. However, some aspects of stall design may restrict stall usage by cows. The aim of this study was to assess dairy cow preference and usage of a conventional stall (with a neck rail and metal stall dividers) and an alternative stall design with no neck rail or stall dividers other tha ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8527

15. Development of a rapid SNP-typing assay to differentiate Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis strains used in probiotic-supplemented dairy products

Author:
Lomonaco, Sara; Furumoto, Emily J.; Loquasto, Joseph R.; Morra, Patrizia; Grassi, Ausilia; Roberts, Robert F.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 804-812
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis; DNA; annealing; genome; polymerase chain reaction; probiotics; single nucleotide polymorphism; yogurt
Abstract:
... Identification at the genus, species, and strain levels is desirable when a probiotic microorganism is added to foods. Strains of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis (BAL) are commonly used worldwide in dairy products supplemented with probiotic strains. However, strain discrimination is difficult because of the high degree of genome identity (99.975%) between different genomes of this subspecies ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8509

16. Effect of adding a gonadotropin-releasing-hormone treatment at the beginning and a second prostaglandin F2α treatment at the end of an estradiol-based protocol for timed artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows during cool or hot seasons of the year

Author:
Pereira, M.H.C.; Wiltbank, M.C.; Barbosa, L.F.S.P.; Costa, W.M.; Carvalho, M.A.P.; Vasconcelos, J.L.M.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 947-959
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Holstein; artificial insemination; corpus luteum; dairy cows; estradiol; estrus; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; ovulation; pregnancy diagnosis; progesterone; prostaglandins; warm season
Abstract:
... Our hypothesis was that fertility could be increased in a timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol based on estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) by combining GnRH with E2-benzoate at the start of the protocol to increase circulating P4 during preovulatory follicle development and by using 2 prostaglandin F2α (PGF) treatments at the end to decrease P4 near TAI. Lactating Holstein cows (n=1,808) ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8523

17. Effect of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid on ruminal fermentation, bacterial distribution, digestibility, and performance of lactating dairy cows

Author:
Lee, C.; Oh, J.; Hristov, A.N.; Harvatine, K.; Vazquez-Anon, M.; Zanton, G.I.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 1234-1247
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Eubacterium (genus); Holstein; Prevotella loescheii; Prevotella oralis; ammonia; crude protein; dairy cows; digestibility; digestible protein; dry matter intake; excreta; feed conversion; milk fat; milk yield; nutrients; pH; protein synthesis; rumen; rumen fermentation; starch; volatile fatty acids
Abstract:
... The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of a Met analog, 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid (HMTBa), on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis, nutrient digestibility, urinary N losses, and performance of dairy cows. Eight multiparous lactating Holstein dairy cows were assigned to 4 levels of HMTBa [0 (control), 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15% (dry matter basis)] in a replica ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8904

18. Effect of increasing body condition on key regulators of fat metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue depot and circulation of nonlactating dairy cows

Author:
Locher, L.; Häussler, S.; Laubenthal, L.; Singh, S.P.; Winkler, J.; Kinoshita, A.; Kenéz, Á.; Rehage, J.; Huber, K.; Sauerwein, H.; Dänicke, S.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 1057-1068
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
AMP-activated protein kinase; adiponectin; biopsy; blood serum; body condition; carboxylic ester hydrolases; dairy cows; diet; energy balance; fat body; fatty-acid synthase; free fatty acids; glucose; homeostasis; insulin; insulin resistance; lactation; leptin; lipid metabolism; metabolic diseases; parturition; phosphorylation; pregnancy; protein content; protein synthesis; proteins; risk
Abstract:
... In response to negative energy balance, overconditioned cows mobilize more body fat than thin cows and subsequently are prone to develop metabolic disorders. Changes in adipose tissue (AT) metabolism are barely investigated in overconditioned cows. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the effect of increasing body condition on key regulator proteins of fat metabolism in subcutaneous AT and ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8710

19. Effect of pregnancy and embryonic mortality on milk production in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Author:
Nagy, P.; Faigl, V.; Reiczigel, J.; Juhasz, J.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 975-986
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
Camelus dromedarius; adverse effects; blood serum; calving interval; camels; conception; embryonic mortality; lactation; luteolysis; milk; milk yield; models; pregnancy; progesterone; ultrasonography
Abstract:
... The main objective of the present study was to compare milk production in pregnant versus nonpregnant dromedary camels. In addition, we described the effect of embryonic mortality on lactation and measured serum progesterone levels until d 60 to 90 of gestation. Twenty-five multiparous camels were selected in midlactation for 2 studies in consecutive years. Camels were mated naturally when the siz ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8546

20. Effect of protein provision via milk replacer or solid feed on protein metabolism in veal calves

Author:
Berends, H.; van den Borne, J.J.G.C.; Røjen, B.A.; Hendriks, W.H.; Gerrits, W.J.J.
Source:
Journal of dairy science 2015 v.98 no.2 pp. 1119-1126
ISSN:
0022-0302
Subject:
body weight; cages; corn silage; digestibility; energy; excretion; microbial growth; milk replacer; neutral detergent fiber; nitrogen balance; nitrogen content; ornithine; protein metabolism; recycling; rumen; rumen fermentation; straw; urea; veal calves
Abstract:
... The current study evaluated the effects of protein provision to calves fed a combination of solid feed (SF) and milk replacer (MR) at equal total N intake on urea recycling and N retention. Nitrogen balance traits and [15N2]urea kinetics were measured in 30 calves (23 wk of age, 180±3.7kg of body weight), after being exposed to the following experimental treatments for 11 wk: a low level of SF wit ...
DOI:
10.3168/jds.2014-8375