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1. A Field-Scale Approach to Estimate Nitrate Loading to Groundwater

Author:
Malekani, Farzin; Ryan, M. Cathryn; Zebarth, Bernie J.; Loo, Shawn E.; Suchy, Martin; Cey, Edwin E.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 795-804
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Rubus idaeus; agricultural land; autumn; groundwater; hydraulic conductivity; mass transfer; monitoring; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; pollution load; raspberries; samplers; water pollution; water quality
Abstract:
... The quantification of groundwater NO₃ loading associated with a specific field or set of management practices so that groundwater quality improvements can be objectively assessed is a major challenge. The magnitude and timing of NO₃ export from a single agricultural field under raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production were investigated by combining high-resolution groundwater NO₃ concentration profi ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.09.0369

2. A Global Meta-Analysis of Grazing Impacts on Soil Health Indicators

Author:
Byrnes, Ryan C.; Eastburn, Danny J.; Tate, Kenneth W.; Roche, Leslie M.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 758-765
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
bulk density; carbon nitrogen ratio; climate change; continuous grazing; dry environmental conditions; grazing intensity; grazing lands; grazing management; guidelines; issues and policy; livelihood; livestock; meta-analysis; rotational grazing; soil; soil compaction; soil organic carbon; soil quality; subhumid zones; total nitrogen
Abstract:
... Grazing lands support the livelihoods of millions of people across nearly one-half of the globe. Soils are the backbone of stability and resilience in these systems. To determine livestock grazing impacts on soil health, we conducted a global meta-analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, C/N ratio, and bulk density responses to grazing strategies (continuous, rotational, and no grazing) and ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.08.0313

3. Ammonia Emissions from Subalpine Forest and Mountain Grassland Soils in Rocky Mountain National Park

Author:
Stratton, Joshua J.; Ham, Jay; Borch, Thomas
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 778-785
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
air temperature; airshed; ammonia; ammonium; ammonium nitrogen; ecosystems; emissions; eutrophication; forest soils; forests; grassland soils; grasslands; isotopes; mechanistic models; national parks; wet deposition; Colorado
Abstract:
... Atmospheric deposition of NH₃ and NH₄⁺ contributes to eutrophication within sensitive subalpine ecosystems of Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) in the United States. However, little is known about the local contribution of NH₃ from soils within the park. Thus, the goal of this study was to quantify and compare NH₃ emissions from intact soil cores sampled from a subalpine grassland and forest wit ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2018.01.0023

4. A Modeling Framework to Evaluate the Impacts of Future Climate on Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics

Author:
Chu, Maria; Guzman, Jorge; Villamil, Maria
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 596-606
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Glycine max; Zea mays; agroecosystems; air temperature; climate models; climatic factors; corn; crop rotation; data collection; nitrogen; simulation models; soil; soil organic carbon; uncertainty; Illinois
Abstract:
... Soil organic C (SOC) is significantly affected by changes in climate that control the physical, chemical, and biological processes in the soil. Simulating the impacts of future climate on SOC is challenging due to the limited availability of soil and climate variables required to properly simulate future SOC dynamics. The main objective of this study was to develop a modeling framework to quantify ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.07.0295

5. An Integrated Approach to Identify Critical Source Areas of Agricultural Nonpoint-Source Pollution at the Watershed Scale

Author:
Wang, Feier; Sun, Zuolei; Zheng, Siyuan; Yu, Jie; Liang, Xinqiang
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 922-929
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
aquaculture; livestock farming; losses from soil; models; municipal wastewater; nitrogen; nonpoint source pollution; phosphorus; pollution control; risk; water quality; watersheds; China
Abstract:
... Nonpoint sources are difficult to control because their nutrient contribution from different parts of a watershed can vary substantially. Identifying critical source areas of nutrient loss is an important step in watershed pollution mitigation programs. This study sought to use an integrated index model to differentiate between subbasins that serve as critical source areas of N and P nonpoint sour ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.12.0469

6. Assessing the Impact of Non-Urea Ruminant Urine Nitrogen Compounds on Urine Patch Nitrous Oxide Emissions

Author:
Gardiner, Camilla A.; Clough, Timothy J.; Cameron, Keith C.; Di, Hong J.; Edwards, Grant R.; de Klein, Cecile A. M.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 812-819
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Lolium perenne; allantoin; autumn; biodegradation; creatine; creatinine; emissions factor; excretion; field experimentation; greenhouse gas emissions; hypoxanthine; isotope labeling; laboratory experimentation; nitrogen; nitrogen content; nitrous oxide; pastures; ruminants; soil; stable isotopes; urea; uric acid; urine; xanthine
Abstract:
... Urea, the dominant form of N in ruminant urine, degrades in soil to produce N₂O emissions. However, the fate of non-urea urine N compounds (NUNCs) in soil and their contribution to urine patch N₂O emissions remain unclear. This study evaluated five NUNCs: allantoin (10%), creatinine (3%), creatine (3%), uric acid (1%), and (hypo)xanthine (0.6%), where numbers in parentheses represent the average p ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2018.03.0112

7. Availability of Phosphorus after Long-term Whole and Separated Slurry Application to Perennial Grass prior to Corn Silage

Author:
Zhang, H.; Bittman, S.; Hunt, D. E.; Bounaix, F.; Messiga, A. J.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 893-901
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Festuca arundinacea; Zea mays; biomass; corn; corn silage; crops; dairy manure; grain yield; leaves; liquids; mycorrhizal fungi; perennial grasses; phosphorus; phosphorus fertilizers; pollution control; pollution load; risk reduction; slurries; soil; total phosphorus
Abstract:
... Removing solids from whole dairy slurry (WS) can reduce P loading on fields. This study investigated the effects of 11 yr of applications of WS, separated liquid fraction (LF), commercial fertilizer, WS plus fertilizer, and a control on total and extractable (Kelowna) soil P in perennial grass (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and two subsequent silage corn (Zea mays L.) crops. Plots received 200 kg N ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.12.0466

8. Building an Open Science Framework to Model Soil Organic Carbon

Author:
Flathers, Edward; Gessler, Paul E.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 726-734
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
computer software; funding; metadata; prediction; small cereal grains; soil organic carbon; soil properties; soil quality; statistical models; Northwestern United States
Abstract:
... As funding agencies embrace open science principles that encourage sharing data and computer code developed to produce research outputs, we must respond with new modes of publication. Furthermore, as we address the expanding reproducibility crisis in the sciences, we must work to release research materials in ways that enable reproducibility—publishing data, computer code, and research products in ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.08.0318

9. Carbon Dosing Increases Nitrate Removal Rates in Denitrifying Bioreactors at Low-Temperature High-Flow Conditions

Author:
Roser, Marta B.; Feyereisen, Gary W.; Spokas, Kurt A.; Mulla, David J.; Strock, Jeffrey S.; Gutknecht, Jessica
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 856-864
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Macadamia; acetates; biochar; bioreactors; carbon; coconuts; coir; conservation practices; corn cobs; cropland; denitrification; drainage; hardwood; improved wood; laboratory experimentation; nitrate nitrogen; nitrates; nitrogen; pollution load; sodium acetate; spring; surface water; temperature; wood chips; Midwestern United States
Abstract:
... Nitrogen losses from croplands contribute to impairment of water bodies. This laboratory experiment evaluated various C sources for use in a denitrifying bioreactor, a conservation practice designed to reduce N losses. The nitrate removal efficiency of candidate treatments (corn cobs [CC], corn cobs with modified coconut coir [CC+MC], corn cobs with modified coconut coir and modified macadamia she ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2018.02.0082

10. Celebrating the 350th Anniversary of Phosphorus Discovery: A Conundrum of Deficiency and Excess

Author:
Sharpley, Andrew; Jarvie, Helen; Flaten, Don; Kleinman, Peter
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 774-777
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
animal manures; byproducts; conservation practices; food prices; phosphorus; production technology; public-private partnerships; resource management; supply chain
Abstract:
... 2019 will be the 350th anniversary of the discovery of phosphorus (P) by the alchemist Hennig Brandt. This perspective traces the historical threads that P has weaved through the fabric of our society and identifies challenges to improve P stewardship in the future and for our future. A century after Brandt’s discovery, P was identified in bone ash, which became the primary source of P until guano ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2018.05.0170

11. Climate Change Impacts on Yields and Soil Carbon in Row Crop Dryland Agriculture

Author:
Robertson, Andy D.; Zhang, Yao; Sherrod, Lucretia A.; Rosenzweig, Steven T.; Ma, Liwang; Ahuja, Lajpat; Schipanski, Meagan E.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 684-694
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; agroecosystems; arid lands; carbon; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; climate; climate change; continuous cropping; crop rotation; emissions; evapotranspiration; fallow; grasslands; models; no-tillage; perennial grasses; rowcrops; soil; soil carbon; soil quality; summer; uncertainty; wheat; High Plains (United States); United States
Abstract:
... Dryland agroecosystems could be a sizable sink for atmospheric carbon (C) due to their spatial extent and level of degradation, providing climate change mitigation. We examined productivity and soil C dynamics under two climate change scenarios (moderate warming, representative concentration pathway [RCP] 4.5; and high warming, RCP 8.5), using long-term experimental data and the DayCent process-ba ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.08.0309

12. Controls of Chloride Loading and Impairment at the River Network Scale in New England

Author:
Zuidema, Shan; Wollheim, Wilfred M.; Mineau, Madeleine M.; Green, Mark B.; Stewart, Robert J.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 839-847
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
application rate; aquatic organisms; chlorides; forests; freshwater; groundwater; meteorology; models; prediction; rivers; seasonal variation; snow; streams; summer; temperate zones; uncertainty; watersheds; winter; New England region; New Hampshire
Abstract:
... Chloride contamination of rivers due to nonpoint sources is increasing throughout developed temperate regions due to road salt application in winter. We developed a river-network model of chloride loading to watersheds to estimate road salt application rates and investigated the meteorological factors that control riverine impairment by chloride at concentrations above thresholds protective of aqu ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.11.0418

13. CQESTR-Simulated Response of Soil Organic Carbon to Management, Yield, and Climate Change in the Northern Great Plains Region

Author:
Nash, P. R.; Gollany, H. T.; Sainju, U. M.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 674-683
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; Pisum sativum; arid lands; barley; carbon dioxide; climate change; climatic factors; conventional tillage; cropping sequence; fallow; fertilizer rates; grain yield; greenhouse gas emissions; nitrogen fertilizers; no-tillage; peas; simulation models; soil organic carbon; soil quality; topsoil; Great Plains region; Montana
Abstract:
... Traditional dryland crop management includes fallow and intensive tillage, which have reduced soil organic carbon (SOC) over the past century, raising concerns regarding soil health and sustainability. The objectives of this study were: (i) to use CQESTR, a process-based C model, to simulate SOC dynamics from 2006 to 2011 and to predict relative SOC trends in cropping sequences that included barle ...
Handle:
10113/5935598
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.07.0273

14. Degradation of Chloramphenicol in Synthetic and Aquaculture Wastewater Using Electrooxidation

Author:
Romero-Soto, I. C.; Dia, O.; Leyva-Soto, L. A.; Drogui, P.; Buelna, G.; Díaz-Tenorio, L. M.; Ulloa-Mercado, R. G.; Gortáres-Moroyoqui, P.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 805-811
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
animal production; anodes; antibiotics; aquaculture; aquaculture industry; aquatic environment; chloramphenicol; developing countries; energy; farming systems; inorganic compounds; wastewater
Abstract:
... Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used in animal farming and aquaculture industries. Despite its ban in many countries around the world, it is still used in several developing countries, with harmful effects on the surrounding aquatic environment. In this study, an electrooxidation process using a Ti/PbO₂ anode was used to investigate the degradation of CAP in both synthe ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.12.0475

15. Dynamic, Intermediate Soil Carbon Pools May Drive Future Responsiveness to Environmental Change

Author:
Crow, Susan E.; Sierra, Carlos A.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 607-616
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
C4 plants; agroecosystems; carbon sinks; climate change; fractionation; landscapes; management systems; models; no-tillage; perennial grasses; root systems; soil; soil carbon; sonication; temperature
Abstract:
... Accurately capturing dynamic soil response to disturbance effects in agroecosystem models remains elusive, thereby limiting projections of climate change mitigation potential. Perennial grasses cultivated in zero-tillage management systems hold promise as sustainable agroecosystems. High-yielding tropical C₄ grasses often have extensive rooting systems, and the belowground processes of root turnov ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.07.0280

16. Evaluating Changes in Soil Organic Matter with Climate Using CENTURY in England and Wales

Author:
Sakrabani, Ruben; Hollis, John
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 695-703
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
arable soils; climate; ecosystems; emissions; grasslands; inventories; meteorological data; prediction; simulation models; soil organic carbon; soil properties; woodlands; England; Wales
Abstract:
... Soil organic C (SOC) dynamics are complex, and models have been developed for predicting future changes, validated using only individual site data. In this study, we used the CENTURY model to predict changes in SOC between 1978 and 2000 using input weather data for 1978 to 2000 from the UK Meteorological Office and soil property input data derived from the National Soil Inventory (NSI). The predic ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.08.0310

17. Greater Impacts of Incubation Temperature and Moisture on Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Poultry Relative to Horse Manure-based Soil Amendments

Author:
Maltais-Landry, Gabriel; Bertoni, Nicolas; Valley, Will; Grant, Nicholas; Nesic, Zoran; Smukler, Sean M.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 914-921
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
ammonium; carbon; carbon dioxide; chickens; environmental impact; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; horses; methane; nitrates; nitrogen; nitrogen cycle; nitrous oxide; soil amendments; temperature; total nitrogen; water holding capacity
Abstract:
... Manure-based soil amendments (MBSAs) must be managed optimally to maximize N concentration and availability while minimizing environmental impacts (e.g., greenhouse gas [GHG]) emissions. We conducted an 83-d incubation study to determine the effects of different moisture (60 or 120% of water-holding capacity [WHC]) and temperature (4 or 20°C) conditions during the decomposition of MBSAs. We measur ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.11.0420

18. Impact of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Manure Application on Transfer of Potentially Toxic Elements to Plants, Soil, and Runoff

Author:
Torbert, H. Allen; Watts, Dexter B.; Chaney, Rufus L.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 865-872
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
antimony; arsenic; barium; beryllium; cadmium; calcium; chromium; cobalt; copper; flue gas desulfurization; fly ash; gypsum; industrial byproducts; iron; lead; magnesium; manganese; manure spreading; nickel; nutrients; phosphorus; plant response; potassium; poultry manure; rainfall simulation; runoff; selenium; sodium; soil; soil pollution; surface water; thallium; toxic substances; vanadium; water pollution; zinc
Abstract:
... There are concerns regarding the fate of nutrients from surface application of animal manure. One approach to reduce losses of P is to treat manure with industrial byproducts such as flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum. However, concerns regarding potentially toxic elements contributed to the environment have arisen based on previous element-rich forms of FGD gypsum that included fly ash, wherea ...
Handle:
10113/6562445
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.11.0437

19. Implications of Observed and Simulated Soil Carbon Sequestration for Management Options in Corn-based Rotations

Author:
Dell, Curtis J.; Gollany, Hero T.; Adler, Paul R.; Skinner, R. Howard; Polumsky, Robert W.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 617-624
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
Glycine max; Medicago sativa; Panicum virgatum; Phalaris arundinacea; Zea mays; alfalfa; bioenergy; carbon sequestration; climate change; conservation practices; corn; corn stover; cover crops; crop rotation; dairy manure; energy crops; forage; liquid manure; liquids; models; no-tillage; perennials; planting; silage; soil organic carbon; soil quality; Pennsylvania
Abstract:
... Managing cropping systems to sequester soil organic C (SOC) improves soil health and resilience to changing climate. Perennial crops, no-till planting, manure, and cover crops can add SOC; however, their impacts have not been well documented in the northeastern United States. Our objectives were (i) to monitor SOC from a bioenergy cropping study in Pennsylvania that included a corn (Zea mays L.)–s ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2017.07.0298

20. Iron Oxides Minimize Arsenic Mobility in Soil Material Saturated with Saline Wastewater

Author:
Galkaduwa, Madhubhashini B.; Hettiarachchi, Ganga M.; Kluitenberg, Gerard J.; Hutchinson, Stacy L.
Source:
Journal of environmental quality 2018 v.47 no.4 pp. 873-883
ISSN:
0047-2425
Subject:
X-ray absorption spectroscopy; arsenic; constructed wetlands; drying; ferrihydrite; flue gas desulfurization; iron; iron oxides; saturated conditions; soil; wastewater
Abstract:
... The soil material in constructed wetlands is effective in retaining Se from flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater (WW), but reducing conditions can enhance native-soil As mobility. A laboratory-based soil column experiment was performed to assess the effectiveness of ferrihydrite (Fh) in minimizing the mobility of native-soil As in water-saturated soil material. A saline FGD WW mixture (i.e., ...
DOI:
10.2134/jeq2018.01.0022