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1. Aerosol particle size distribution of atmospheric lead-210 in northern Finland

Author:
Paatero, Jussi; Ioannidou, Alexandra; Ikonen, Jussi; Lehto, Jukka
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 10-14
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
aerosols; air; breathing; lead; particle size; particle size distribution; polonium; radioactivity; radionuclides; radon; soil; spectroscopy; stratosphere; troposphere; Arctic region; Finland
Abstract:
... Size-segregated aerosol samples were collected with a high-volume 6-stage cascade impactor at Sodankylä, Finland, 100 km north of the Arctic Circle. The ²¹⁰Pb content of the samples were determined with radiochemical separation of in-grown ²¹⁰Po followed by alpha spectrometry. Most of the ²¹⁰Pb activity was incorporated in accumulation mode aerosol particles. The activity median aerodynamic diamet ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.003

2. Atmospheric dispersion of radon around uranium mill tailings of the former Pridneprovsky Chemical Plant in Ukraine

Author:
Kovalets, Ivan V.; Asker, Christian; Khalchenkov, Alexander V.; Persson, Christer; Lavrova, Tatyana V.
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 173-190
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
industrial sites; meteorological data; mine tailings; models; radioactivity; radon; uncertainty analysis; Ukraine
Abstract:
... Simulations of atmospheric dispersion of radon around the uranium mill tailings of the former Pridneprovsky Chemical Plant (PChP) in Ukraine were carried out with the aid of two atmospheric dispersion models: the Airviro Grid Model and the CALMET/CALPUFF model chain. The available measurement data of radon emission rates taken in the territories and the close vicinity of tailings were used in simu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.025

3. 7Be in soil, deposited dust and atmospheric air and its using to infer soil erosion along Alexandria region, Egypt

Author:
Saleh, I.H.; Abdel-Halim, A.A.
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 24-29
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
air; autumn; climatic factors; dust; inventories; radioactivity; sea level; seasonal variation; soil; soil erosion; spring; summer; winter; Egypt
Abstract:
... This study investigated the radioactivity behavior of ⁷Be in surface soil, airborne and deposited dust along Alexandria region in Egypt. The results obtained were used to predict scavenging processes of ⁷Be from surface soil to infer soil erosion and land vulnerable to accelerated sea-level rise. The areal activity concentrations of ⁷Be in surface soil were investigated in 30 undisturbed sites and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.005

4. Biosorption of the strontium ion by irradiated Saccharomyces cerevisiae under culture conditions

Author:
Qiu, Liang; Feng, Jundong; Dai, Yaodong; Chang, Shuquan
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 52-62
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; biosorption; irradiation; models; pH; radioactive waste; radioactivity; sorption isotherms; strontium; temperature; wastewater
Abstract:
... As a new-emerging method for strontium disposal, biosorption has shown advantages such as high sorption capacity; low cost. In this study, we investigated the potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) in strontium disposal under culture conditions and the effects of irradiation on their biosorption capabilities. We found that S. cerevisiae can survive irradiation and grow. Pre-exposure ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.007

5. Developing a food web-based transfer factor of radiocesium for fish, whitespotted char (Salvelinus leucomaenis) in headwater streams

Author:
Haque, Md. Enamul; Gomi, Takashi; Sakai, Masaru; Negishi, Junjiro N.
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 191-200
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
Araneae; Cryptomeria japonica; Ephemera; Internet; Salvelinus leucomaenis leucomaenis; bioaccumulation; carbon; cesium; crabs; diet; ecosystems; fish; food webs; forests; isotopes; nitrogen; predator-prey relationships; radioactivity; radionuclides; streams
Abstract:
... We developed a food web-based transfer factor (TFweb) to study contaminant movements from multiple prey items to a predator based on the dietary contributions of prey items with their respective contamination levels. TFweb was used to evaluate the transfer of ¹³⁷Cs into whitespotted char (Salvelinus leucomaenis) from the trophic structure of a stream–riparian ecosystem in headwater streams drainin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.02.020

6. Distribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in northwest Mediterranean coastal sediments

Author:
Lee, Sang-Han; Povinec, Pavel P.; Chisholm, John R.M.; Levy, Isabelle; Miquel, Juan-Carlos; Oh, Jung-Suk
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 145-159
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
Posidonia oceanica; cesium; coastal sediments; inventories; latitude; mortality; organic carbon; organic matter; pollution load; radioactivity; radionuclides; seagrasses; seawater; sediment yield; tissues; uranium; Monaco
Abstract:
... The distribution of radionuclides in NW Mediterranean coastal sediments, and the processes controlling their abundance were investigated in three cores taken near the island of Porquerolles and one offshore Monaco. The sediments collected near Porquerolles were strongly anoxic due to diagenetic processes involved in the decomposition of organic matter, whereas they transitioned from oxic to anoxic ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.018

7. Estimating doses from Aboriginal bush foods post-remediation of a uranium mine

Author:
Doering, Che; Bollhöfer, Andreas; Medley, Peter
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 74-80
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
foods; foodways; ingestion; land use; radioactivity; remediation; uranium
Abstract:
... This paper presents a calculator to facilitate assessments of ingestion doses from Aboriginal bush foods. The calculator combines information on traditional diet and land use with radionuclide concentration ratios and ingestion dose coefficients to estimate doses. The calculator was applied to the planned remediation of Ranger uranium mine to derive a set of scaling factors between radionuclide ac ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.014

8. Meta-analysis of depleted uranium levels in the Balkan region

Author:
Besic, Larisa; Muhovic, Imer; Asic, Adna; Kurtovic-Kozaric, Amina
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 207-217
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
meta-analysis; military personnel; monitoring; neoplasms; pollution; radioactivity; toxicity; uranium; Balkans; Bosnia-Herzegovina; Kosovo; Montenegro; Serbia
Abstract:
... In recent years, contradicting data has been published on the connection between the presence of depleted uranium and an increased cancer incidence among military personnel deployed in the Balkans during the 1992–1999 wars. This has led to numerous research articles investigating possible depleted uranium contamination of the afflicted regions of the Balkan Peninsula, namely Bosnia & Herzegovina, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.013

9. Mobility indices and doses from 210Po and 210Pb activity concentrations data in Brazilian spas groundwaters

Author:
Bonotto, Daniel Marcos; Oliveira, Ana Maria Marinello Assis de
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 15-23
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
World Health Organization; aquifers; bottling; drinking; drinking water; groundwater; guidelines; lead; liquids; polonium; radioactivity; radionuclides; uranium; water quality; wells; Brazil
Abstract:
... ²¹⁰Po and ²¹⁰Pb activity concentrations in spas groundwaters occurring at São Paulo (SP) and Minas Gerais (MG) states, Brazil, have been reported in this paper with a dual purpose: to compare different indices for evaluating the radionuclides mobility into waters and to evaluate the drinking water quality from dose calculations. The waters (75 sampling points) are extensively used for drinking in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.006

10. Monitoring and descriptive analysis of radon in relation to seismic activity of Northern Pakistan

Author:
Jilani, Zeeshan; Mehmood, Tahir; Alam, Aftab; Awais, Muhammad; Iqbal, Talat
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 43-51
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
atmospheric pressure; bivariate analysis; disasters; earthquakes; geophysics; monitoring; radioactivity; radon; relative humidity; tectonics; temperature; temporal variation; Pakistan
Abstract:
... Earthquakes are one of the major causes of natural disasters and its forecasting is challenging task. Some precursory phenomenon exists in theory in relation to earthquakes occurrence. The emission of radioactive gas named ’radon’ before the earthquakes is a potential earthquake precursory candidate. The study aims to monitor and to analyze the radon in relation to seismic activity in Northern Pak ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.010

11. Near-field investigation of the explosive dispersal of radioactive material based on a reconstructed spherical blast-wave flow

Author:
Hummel, David; Ivan, Lucian
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 30-42
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
aerosols; air; models; particle size; prediction; radioactivity; urban areas; wind speed
Abstract:
... A “dirty bomb” is a type of radiological dispersal device (RDD) that has been the subject of significant safety and security concerns given the disruption that would result from a postulated terrorist attack. Assessing the risks of radioactive dose in a hypothetical scenario requires models that can accurately predict dispersion in a realistic environment. Modelling a RDD is complicated by the fac ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.02.017

12. 237Np analytical method using 239Np tracers and application to a contaminated nuclear disposal facility

Author:
Snow, Mathew S.; Morrison, Samuel S.; Clark, Sue B.; Olson, John E.; Watrous, Matthew G.
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 89-95
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
atomic absorption spectrometry; chromatography; gamma spectrometry; radioactivity; soil sampling; tracer techniques; Idaho
Abstract:
... Environmental ²³⁷Np analyses are challenged by low ²³⁷Np concentrations and lack of an available yield tracer; we report a rapid, inexpensive ²³⁷Np analytical approach employing the short lived ²³⁹Np (t1/2 = 2.3 days) as a chemical yield tracer followed by ²³⁷Np quantification using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. ²³⁹Np tracer is obtained via separation from a ²⁴³Am stock solution an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.02.018

13. Optimization of the marinelli beaker dimensions using genetic algorithm

Author:
Zamzamian, Seyed Mehrdad; Hosseini, Seyed Abolfazl; Samadfam, Mohammad
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 81-88
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
algorithms; aluminum; data collection; detectors; germanium; radioactivity
Abstract:
... A computational code, based on the genetic algorithm and MCNPX version 2.6 code was developed and used to investigate the effects of some important parameters of HPGe detector (such as Al cap thickness, dead-layer thickness and Ge hole size) on optimum dimensions of marinelli beaker. In addition, the effects of detector material on optimal beaker dimensions were also investigated. Finally, the opt ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.020

14. Phosphogypsum recycling in the building materials industry: assessment of the radon exhalation rate

Author:
Campos, M.P.; Costa, L.J.P.; Nisti, M.B.; Mazzilli, B.P.
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 232-236
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
bricks; construction materials; fertilizer industry; phosphogypsum; phosphorus fertilizers; poly(vinyl chloride); radioactivity; radon; recycling; risk
Abstract:
... Phosphogypsum can be classified as a Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) residue of the phosphate fertilizer industry. One of the main environmental concerns of its use as building material is the radon exhalation. The aim of this study is to measure the radon exhalation rate from plates and bricks manufactured with phosphogypsum from three installations of the main Brazilian producer, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.04.002

15. Plant uptake of 238U, 235U, 232Th, 226Ra, 210Pb and 40K from a coal ash and slag disposal site and control soil under field conditions: A preliminary study

Author:
Skoko, Božena; Marović, Gordana; Babić, Dinko; Šoštarić, Marko; Jukić, Mirela
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 113-121
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
coal; electrical conductivity; flora; gamma radiation; grasses; herbs; lead; organic matter; pH; potassium; radioactivity; radionuclides; radium; shrubs; slags; soil; spectroscopy; thorium; trees; uranium; vegetation
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake of ²³⁸U, ²³⁵U, ²³²Th, ²²⁶Ra, ²¹⁰Pb and ⁴⁰K by plants that grow on a coal ash and slag disposal site known for its higher content of naturally occurring radionuclides. Plant species that were sampled are common for the Mediterranean flora and can be divided as follows: grasses & herbs, shrubs and trees. To compare the activity concentrations and t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.011

16. Radioactive contamination of the soil–plant cover at certain locations of Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin Island and Kamchatka Peninsula: Assessment of the Fukushima fallout

Author:
Mikhailovskaya, L.N.; Molchanova, I.V.; Pozolotina, V.N.; Zhuravlev, Yu.N.; Timofeeva, Ya.O.; Burdukovsky, M.L.
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 1-9
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
atmospheric precipitation; cesium; climatic factors; isotopes; latitude; radioactivity; radionuclides; soil; strontium; vegetation; Russia
Abstract:
... The contamination densities of soil–plant cover at certain locations within the Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin Island and Kamchatka Peninsula attributable to ⁹⁰Sr, ¹³⁷Cs and ²³⁹,²⁴⁰Pu were 500–1390 Bq m⁻², 980–2300 Bq m⁻² and 37–74 Bq m⁻², respectively. These values do not exceed average global background levels, typical for mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The spatial distribution of radionucl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.02.006

17. Radon concentration distributions in shallow and deep groundwater around the Tachikawa fault zone

Author:
Tsunomori, Fumiaki; Shimodate, Tomoya; Ide, Tomoki; Tanaka, Hidemi
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 106-112
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
bedrock; groundwater; groundwater recharge; radioactivity; radon; urbanization
Abstract:
... Groundwater radon concentrations around the Tachikawa fault zone were surveyed. The radon concentrations in shallow groundwater samples around the Tachikawa fault segment are comparable to previous studies. The characteristics of the radon concentrations on both sides of the segment are considered to have changed in response to the decrease in groundwater recharge caused by urbanization on the eas ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.009

18. Reference natural radionuclide concentrations in Australian soils and derived terrestrial air kerma rate

Author:
Kleinschmidt, R.
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 160-162
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
air; data collection; drainage; geochemistry; radioactivity; sediments; soil; soil composition; surveys; thorium; uranium; watersheds; Australia
Abstract:
... Sediment from drainage catchment outlets has been shown to be a useful means of sampling large land masses for soil composition. Naturally occurring radioactive material concentrations (uranium, thorium and potassium-40) in soil have been collated and converted to activity concentrations using data collected from the National Geochemistry Survey of Australia. Average terrestrial air kerma rate dat ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.021

19. Short-term variability of gamma radiation at the ARM Eastern North Atlantic facility (Azores)

Author:
Barbosa, S.M.; Miranda, P.; Azevedo, E.B.
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 218-231
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
aerosols; air; gamma radiation; liquids; progeny; radioactivity; radionuclides; radon; soil; temporal variation; thermal stability; wind speed; Azores
Abstract:
... This work addresses the short-term variability of gamma radiation measured continuously at the Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) facility located in the Graciosa island (Azores, 39N; 28W), a fixed site of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement programme (ARM). The temporal variability of gamma radiation is characterized by occasional anomalies over a slowly-varying signal. Sharp peaks lasting typically ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.027

20. Temporal changes in radiocesium contamination derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in oceanic zooplankton in the western North Pacific

Author:
Kitamura, Minoru; Honda, Makio C.; Hamajima, Yasunori; Kumamoto, Yuichiro; Aoyama, Michio; Kawakami, Hajime; Aono, Tatsuo; Fukuda, Miho; Mino, Yoshihisa
Source:
Journal of environmental radioactivity 2017 v.172 pp. 163-172
ISSN:
0265-931X
Subject:
accidents; advection; atmospheric deposition; bioaccumulation; carnivores; cesium; mixing; nuclear power; power plants; radioactivity; radionuclides; seawater; temporal variation; zooplankton
Abstract:
... We investigated temporal changes of the contamination of oceanic zooplankton with radiocesium (¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs) derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident one month to three years after the accident at subarctic and subtropical stations (1900 and 900–1000 km from the plant, respectively) in the western North Pacific. The maximum activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs in zooplankton ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.03.024