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1. A 19-Base Pair Deletion Polymorphism in Dihydrofolate Reductase Is Associated with Increased Unmetabolized Folic Acid in Plasma and Decreased Red Blood Cell Folate

Author:
Kalmbach, Renee D.; Choumenkovitch, Silvina F.; Troen, Aron P.; Jacques, Paul F.; D'Agostino, Ralph; Selhub, Jacob
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2323-2327
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
genetic polymorphism; dihydrofolate reductase; folic acid; men; women; blood plasma; erythrocytes; vitamin metabolism; genotype; homocysteine; nutrient intake; nutrition-genotype interaction; nutrient reserves
Abstract:
... Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) catalyzes the reduction of folic acid to tetrahydrofolate (THF). A 19-bp noncoding deletion allele maps to intron 1, beginning 60 bases from the splice donor site, and has been implicated in neural tube defects and cancer, presumably by influencing folate metabolism. The functional impact of this polymorphism has not yet been demonstrated. The objective of this resea ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.096404
PubMed:
19022952
PubMed Central:
PMC2855991

2. Adiposity and Pathogen Exposure Predict C-Reactive Protein in Filipino Women

Author:
McDade, Thomas W.; Rutherford, Julienne N.; Adair, Linda; Kuzawa, Christopher
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2442-2447
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
infectious diseases; Filipinos; C-reactive protein; women; adipose tissue; inflammation; body fat; obesity; environmental exposure; pathogens; prediction; Philippines
Abstract:
... Obesity and infectious agents are both sources of inflammatory stimuli that result in increased production of C-reactive protein (CRP). Rates of overweight and obesity are increasing globally, but for many populations, gains in body fat are set against a backdrop of high levels of pathogen exposure. Our primary objective was to evaluate the extent to which adiposity and pathogenicity contribute to ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.092700
PubMed:
19022970
PubMed Central:
PMC2801568

3. AMPing Down Leucine Action in Skeletal Muscle

Author:
Anthony, Tracy G.; Anthony, Joshua C.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2307-2308
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
elderly; leucine; muscle protein; muscle physiology; protein kinases; protein synthesis; skeletal muscle; signal transduction; adenosine monophosphate; animal models; rats; glucocorticoids; enzyme activity; sepsis (infection)
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.098392
PubMed:
19022949

4. Application of Systematic Review Methodology to the Field of Nutrition

Author:
Lichtenstein, Alice H.; Yetley, Elizabeth A.; Lau, Joseph
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2297-2306
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
public health; nutritional intervention; meta-analysis; nutrition policy; data analysis; nutrition assessment; screening; nutrition physiology; decision making
Abstract:
... Systematic reviews represent a rigorous and transparent approach to synthesizing scientific evidence that minimizes bias. They evolved within the medical community to support development of clinical and public health practice guidelines, set research agendas, and formulate scientific consensus statements. The use of systematic reviews for nutrition-related topics is more recent. Systematic reviews ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.097154
PubMed:
19022948
PubMed Central:
PMC3415860

5. Biotinylation of Histones Represses Transposable Elements in Human and Mouse Cells and Cell Lines and in Drosophila melanogaster

Author:
Chew, Yap Ching; West, John T.; Kratzer, Stephanie J.; Ilvarsonn, Anne M.; Eissenberg, Joel C.; Dave, Bhavana J.; Klinkebiel, David; Christman, Judith K.; Zempleni, Janos
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2316-2322
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
biotin; histones; transposition (genetics); retrotransposons; cell lines; humans; mice; Drosophila melanogaster; terminal repeat sequences; genome; epigenetics; gene expression regulation; lysine; neoplasms; risk factors; biotinylation
Abstract:
... Transposable elements such as long terminal repeats (LTR) constitute ~45% of the human genome; transposition events impair genome stability. Fifty-four promoter-active retrotransposons have been identified in humans. Epigenetic mechanisms are important for transcriptional repression of retrotransposons, preventing transposition events, and abnormal regulation of genes. Here, we demonstrate that th ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.098673
PubMed:
19022951
PubMed Central:
PMC2678950

6. Birthplace Is Associated with More Adverse Dietary Profiles for US-Born Than for Foreign-Born Latino Adults

Author:
Duffey, Kiyah J.; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Ayala, Guadalupe X.; Popkin, Barry M.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2428-2435
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
Latinos; diet; Mexican Americans; food groups; adverse effects; food choices; immigration; adults; United States
Abstract:
... Our objective was to examine the association between ethnicity and birthplace and the percent of energy from selected food groups among Hispanics, the largest growing segment of the US population. We used data from NHANES 1999-2004, collected from Mexican (n = 3375) and other Hispanic (n = 622) adults (18 y and older), classified as foreign born (FB) or US born (USB). Using University of North Car ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.097105
PubMed:
19022968

7. Chlorogenic Acids from Green Coffee Extract are Highly Bioavailable in Humans

Author:
Farah, Adriana; Monteiro, Mariana; Donangelo, Carmen M.; Lafay, Sophie
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2309-2315
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
chlorogenic acid; bioavailability; plant extracts; humans; antioxidant activity; anti-inflammatory activity; pharmacokinetics; decaffeination; cinnamic acid; metabolites; quinic acid; nutrition physiology
Abstract:
... Chlorogenic acids (CGA) are cinnamic acid derivatives with biological effects mostly related to their antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. Caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) and dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQA) are the main CGA found in nature. Because green coffee is a major source of CGA, it has been used for production of nutraceuticals. However, data on the bioavailability of CGA from green coff ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.095554
PubMed:
19022950

8. 9-Cis Retinoic Acid Reduces 1α,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol-Induced Renal Calcification by Altering Vitamin K-Dependent γ-Carboxylation of Matrix γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid Protein in A/J Male Mice

Author:
Fu, Xueyan; Wang, Xiang-Dong; Mernitz, Heather; Wallin, Reidar; Shea, M. Kyla; Booth, Sarah L.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2337-2341
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
calcitriol; renal function; kidneys; calcification; vitamin K; carboxylation; proteins; lung neoplasms; animal models; mice; males; nutrition physiology; messenger RNA
Abstract:
... Matrix γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein (MGP), a vitamin K-dependent protein, is involved in regulation of tissue calcification. We previously reported that 9-cis retinoic acid (RA) mitigates 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)₂D3]-induced renal calcification in a 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung cancer A/J male mouse model. This raised the question if the mecha ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093724

9. Cognitive Impairment in Folate-Deficient Rats Corresponds to Depleted Brain Phosphatidylcholine and Is Prevented by Dietary Methionine without Lowering Plasma Homocysteine

Author:
Troen, Aron M.; Chao, Wei-Hsun; Crivello, Natalia A.; D'Anci, Kristen E.; Shukitt-Hale, Barbara; Smith, Don E.; Selhub, Jacob; Rosenberg, Irwin H.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2502
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
cognition; dementia; rats; animal models; folic acid; vitamin deficiencies; brain; phosphatidylcholines; dietary nutrient sources; methionine; homocysteine; blood plasma; nutritional status; methylation; experimental diets; choline; dietary supplements
Abstract:
... Poor folate status is associated with cognitive decline and dementia in older adults. Although impaired brain methylation activity and homocysteine toxicity are widely thought to account for this association, how folate deficiency impairs cognition is uncertain. To better define the role of folate deficiency in cognitive dysfunction, we fed rats folate-deficient diets (0 mg FA/kg diet) with or wit ...
Handle:
10113/23505
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093641
PubMed:
19022979
PubMed Central:
PMC2755637

10. Combined Glutamine and Arginine Decrease Proinflammatory Cytokine Production by Biopsies from Crohn's Patients in Association with Changes in Nuclear Factor-κB and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways

Author:
Lecleire, Stéphane; Hassan, Aktham; Marion-Letellier, Rachel; Antonietti, Michel; Savoye, Guillaume; Bôle-Feysot, Christine; Lerebours, Eric; Ducrotté, Philippe; Déchelotte, Pierre; Coëffier, Moïse
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2481-2486
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
glutamine; arginine; inflammation; cytokines; biopsy; Crohn disease; patients; enzyme activity; biochemical pathways; mitogen-activated protein kinase; immunomodulators; cell culture
Abstract:
... Glutamine (Gln) and arginine (Arg) are conditionally essential amino acids with immunomodulatory properties. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of Gln and Arg alone or in combination on cytokine release by cultured colonic biopsies from patients with active Crohn's disease (CD). Ten consecutive patients [mean (range) age 26 (18-39) y] with active colonic CD (mean CD activity index: 383 ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.099127

11. Dietary Cod Protein Reduces Plasma C-Reactive Protein in Insulin-Resistant Men and Women

Author:
Ouellet, Véronique; Weisnagel, S. John; Marois, Julie; Bergeron, Jean; Julien, Pierre; Gougeon, Réjeanne; Tchernof, André; Holub, Bruce J.; Jacques, Hélène
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2386-2391
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
dietary nutrient sources; cod (fish); C-reactive protein; men; women; insulin resistance; protective effect; biomarkers; lipoproteins; experimental diets; interleukin-6; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; blood lipids; adiponectin
Abstract:
... Chronic low-grade inflammation has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Recently, we showed that cod protein (CP) improved insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant subjects. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary CP compared with those of other animal proteins on plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers, lipids, and lipoproteins in insulin-resistant subj ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.092346

12. Dietary Diversity Is a Good Predictor of the Micronutrient Density of the Diet of 6- to 23-Month-Old Children in Madagascar

Author:
Moursi, Mourad M.; Arimond, Mary; Dewey, Kathryn G.; Trèche, Serge; Ruel, Marie T.; Delpeuch, Francis
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2448-2453
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
food groups; nutrients; nutritional adequacy; dietary nutrient sources; vitamins; infants; infant nutrition; dietary minerals; prediction; Madagascar
Abstract:
... This study was conducted in the context of a multicountry validation of indicators of diet quality and had the following objectives: 1) to determine how well dietary diversity scores (DDS) predict diet quality of children aged 6-23 mo in urban Madagascar; and 2) to assess whether the prediction was improved by changing the food groups included and by imposing a minimum amount restriction. Correlat ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093971
PubMed:
19022971

13. Dietary Folate, Methionine, Riboflavin, and Vitamin B-6 and Risk of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer

Author:
Vogel, Stefan de; Dindore, Vasundhara; Engeland, Manon van; Goldbohm, R. Alexandra; van den Brandt, Piet A.; Weijenberg, Matty P.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2372-2378
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
men; DNA methylation; women; riboflavin; cohort studies; pyridoxine; gender differences; risk assessment; dietary nutrient sources; methionine; folic acid; colorectal neoplasms; adverse effects
Abstract:
... Adequate intake of folate, methionine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 may prevent aberrant DNA methylation and thereby protect against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, previous epidemiological studies investigating associations between dietary intakes of these nutrients and CRC have been inconsistent. We investigated the associations between intakes of folate, methionine, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.091157
PubMed:
19022960

14. Dietary Reference Intakes for Zinc May Require Adjustment for Phytate Intake Based upon Model Predictions

Author:
Hambidge, K. Michael; Miller, Leland V.; Westcott, Jamie E.; Krebs, Nancy F.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2363-2366
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
Dietary Reference Intakes; zinc; dietary minerals; phytic acid; models; Estimated Average Requirement; nutrient intake; intestinal absorption; men; women
Abstract:
... The quantity of total dietary zinc (Zn) and phytate are the principal determinants of the quantity of absorbed Zn. Recent estimates of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for Zn by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) were based on data from low-phytate or phytate-free diets. The objective of this project was to estimate the effects of increasing quantities of dietary phytate on these DRI. We used a trivar ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093823
PubMed:
19022958
PubMed Central:
PMC2635502

15. Dietary Supplementation of Rural Gambian Women during Pregnancy Does Not Affect Body Composition in Offspring at 11-17 Years of Age

Author:
Hawkesworth, Sophie; Prentice, Andrew M.; Fulford, Anthony J.C.; Moore, Sophie E.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2468-2473
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
dietary supplements; pregnant women; rural women; rural health; maternal nutrition; pregnancy; progeny; fetal development; birth weight; body composition; long term effects; nutritional intervention; adolescents; anthropometric measurements; energy intake; dietary protein; protein intake; Gambia
Abstract:
... Fetal nutrition is thought to be an important determinant of later disease risk, although evidence from randomized-controlled trials in humans is lacking. We followed children born during a protein-energy supplementation trial to investigate to what extent this maternal supplement, which improved birth weight, influenced offspring body composition in adolescence. Subjects were 1270 Gambian childre ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.098665
PubMed:
19022974
PubMed Central:
PMC2635503

16. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane and Genistein Decrease the Adverse Effects of Estrogen in LNCaP and PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells

Author:
Smith, Sunyata; Sepkovic, Daniel; Bradlow, H. Leon; Auborn, Karen J.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2379-2385
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
human cell lines; soybean products; luciferase; cytochrome P-450; estrogens; genistein; prostatic neoplasms; Brassicaceae; adverse effects
Abstract:
... Evidence suggests that 17β-estradiol (E2) contributes to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa), whereas the phytochemicals genistein from soy and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), derived from indole-3-carbinol in cruciferous vegetables, decrease the risk of PCa. This study examined the potential of these phytochemicals to reduce the adverse effects of E2 on PCa. In LNCaP PCa cells (E2 sensitive), DIM decr ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.090993
PubMed:
19022961
PubMed Central:
PMC3415863

17. Docosahexaenoic Acid and the Aging Brain

Author:
Lukiw, Walter J.; Bazan, Nicolas G.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2510-2514
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
elderly; anti-inflammatory activity; Alzheimer disease; docosahexaenoic acid; brain; elderly nutrition; peroxidation; apoptosis
Abstract:
... The dietary essential PUFA docosahexaenoic acid [DHA; 22:6(n-3)] is a critical contributor to cell structure and function in the nervous system, and deficits in DHA abundance are associated with cognitive decline during aging and in neurodegenerative disease. Recent studies underscore the importance of DHA-derived neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) in the homeostatic regulation of brain cell survival and re ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.096016
PubMed:
19022980
PubMed Central:
PMC2666388

18. Dopamine D₂ Receptor Expression Is Altered by Changes in Cellular Iron Levels in PC12 Cells and Rat Brain Tissue

Author:
Unger, Erica L.; Wiesinger, Jason A.; Hao, Lei; Beard, John L.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2487-2494
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
dopamine; receptors; iron; dietary minerals; nutrient reserves; iron deficiency anemia; animal models; rats; cell lines; brain
Abstract:
... Iron deficiency anemia in early life alters the development and functioning of the dopamine neurotransmitter system, but data regarding the specific effects of brain iron loss on dopamine D₂ receptor regulation are lacking. Cell culture and animal models were employed in this study to determine whether D₂ receptor expression is altered when cellular iron levels are depleted. Endogenous D₂ receptor ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.095224
PubMed:
19022977
PubMed Central:
PMC3415866

19. Early-Life Iron Deficiency Anemia Alters Neurotrophic Factor Expression and Hippocampal Neuron Differentiation in Male Rats

Author:
Tran, Phu V.; Carlson, Erik S.; Fretham, Stephanie J.B.; Georgieff, Michael K.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2495-2501
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
fetal development; iron; dietary minerals; neurotrophins; hippocampus; neurons; cell differentiation; rats; animal models; nutrition physiology; maternal nutrition; iron deficiency anemia
Abstract:
... Fetal-neonatal iron deficiency alters hippocampal neuronal morphology, reduces its volume, and is associated with acute and long-term learning impairments. However, neither the effects of early-life iron deficiency anemia on growth, differentiation, and survival of hippocampal neurons nor regulation of the neurotrophic factors that mediate these processes has been investigated. We compared hippoca ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.091553
PubMed:
19022978
PubMed Central:
PMC2911361

20. Energy Intake from Beverages Is Increasing among Mexican Adolescents and Adults

Author:
Barquera, Simon; Hernandez-Barrera, Lucia; Tolentino, Maria Lizbeth; Espinosa, Juan; Ng, Shu Wen; Rivera, Juan A.; Popkin, Barry M.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2454-2461
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
energy intake; beverages; Mexicans; adolescents; adults; human nutrition; nutritional adequacy; dietary surveys; Mexico
Abstract:
... Little is understood about the patterns and trends in adolescent and adult beverage intake in Mexico or most other countries. Here, we used nationally representative dietary intake, income, and food expenditure surveys, which included 416 adolescents (aged 12-18 y) and 2180 adults (aged greater-than-or-equal19 y) from the 1999 Mexican Nutrition Survey and 7464 adolescents and 21,113 adults from th ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.092163
PubMed:
19022972

21. Excessive Body Iron Stores Are Not Associated with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women

Author:
Sun, Qi; Ma, Jing; Rifai, Nader; Franco, Oscar H.; Rexrode, Kathryn M.; Hu, Frank B.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2436-2441
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
nutrient reserves; nutritional status; risk factors; coronary vessels; heart diseases; women; iron; hemochromatosis; transferrin; ferritin
Abstract:
... The positive association between body iron stores and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) initially observed among a Finnish male population has not been corroborated by studies conducted in other populations. The soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR):ferritin ratio has been suggested to be a better index than ferritin to measure body iron stores. Because sTfR is sensitive to iron deficiency, this ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.097766
PubMed:
19022969
PubMed Central:
PMC2635523

22. Fasting and Postprandial Remnant-Like Particle Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Participants Are Associated with Plasma Triglycerides, Insulin Resistance, and Body Fat Distribution

Author:
Hees, Anneke M.J. van; Saris, Wim H.M.; Dallinga-Thie, Geesje M.; Hul, Gabby B.; Martinez, J. Alfredo; Oppert, Jean-Michel; Stich, Vladimir; Astrup, Arne; Arner, Peter; Sørensen, Thorkild I.A.; Blaak, Ellen E.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2399-2405
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
fasting; postprandial state; cholesterol; chemical concentration; obesity; adults; triacylglycerols; blood lipids; insulin resistance; body fat distribution; atherogenesis; test meals; cohort studies; nutritional intervention; high fat diet; low fat diet
Abstract:
... Elevated plasma concentrations of remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) are atherogenic. However, factors that determine RLP-C are not fully understood. This study evaluates which factors affect RLP-C in the fasting and postprandial state, using multiple regression analyses in a large cohort of lean and obese participants. All participants (n = 740) underwent a test meal challenge containing 9 ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.094516

23. Frequency and Type of Seafood Consumed Influence Plasma (n-3) Fatty Acid Concentrations

Author:
Chung, Hyoju; Nettleton, Jennifer A.; Lemaitre, Rozenn N.; Barr, R. Graham; Tsai, Michael Y.; Tracy, Russell P.; Siscovick, David S.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2422-2427
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
frequency; seafoods; omega-3 fatty acids; blood lipids; biomarkers; adults; diet-related diseases; nationalities and ethnic groups; nutrient intake; food frequency questionnaires; fish oils; dietary supplements; fish; cooking; fried foods; shellfish
Abstract:
... Few studies have adequately considered the type of seafood and background dietary factors when evaluating diet-biomarker and diet-disease associations. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between different seafood meals and long-chain (n-3) fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] biomarkers in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.089631
PubMed:
19022967
PubMed Central:
PMC3970314

24. Hypovitaminosis D Is Common among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Tanzania but Is Not Explained by the Acute Phase Response

Author:
Friis, Henrik; Range, Nyagosya; Pedersen, Marianne L.; Mølgaard, Christian; Changalucha, John; Krarup, Henrik; Magnussen, Pascal; Søborg, Christian; Andersen, Åse B.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2474-2480
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
vitamin deficiencies; vitamin D; tuberculosis; respiratory tract diseases; patients; acute phase proteins; cross-sectional studies; sociodemographic characteristics; nutritional status; food intake; anthropometric measurements; nutrition assessment; solar radiation; nutrient utilization; Tanzania
Abstract:
... Vitamin D is essential to immune function, but little is known about the vitamin D status in equatorial populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in Mwanza, Tanzania to identify the predictors of their vitamin D status. Data on sociodemography, season, and intake of food, alcohol, tobacco, and soil were collected, anthropometric measurements tak ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.094979
PubMed:
19022975

25. Iron Deficiency in Young Children in Low-Income Countries and New Approaches for Its Prevention

Author:
Lutter, Chessa K.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2523-2528
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
developing countries; iron; iron deficiency anemia; dietary minerals; preschool children; child nutrition; low income households; disease prevention; nutritional intervention; nutritional status
Abstract:
... Anemia resulting from severe iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent and widespread nutrition-related health problem in infants and young children in low-income countries and has proven very resistant to prevention through public health interventions. Accumulative evidence from animal and human studies suggests that such deficiencies are associated with large adverse effects on child cognitive ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.095406
PubMed:
19022983

26. Iron Metabolism, Malaria, and Other Infections: What Is All the Fuss About?

Author:
Prentice, Andrew M.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2537-2541
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
children; child nutrition; health status; mineral metabolism; iron deficiency anemia; malaria; infectious diseases; iron; dietary minerals; dietary mineral supplements; adverse effects; disease control; nutrition physiology
Abstract:
... This article briefly describes how iron lies at the center of a host-pathogen battle for nutrients and why there are many theoretical reasons to suspect that administration of supplemental iron might predispose to infection. This is supported by in vitro and small animal studies, but meta-analysis of human epidemiological and intervention studies has found little evidence for most disease outcomes ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.098806
PubMed:
19022986

27. Lycopene Biodistribution Is Altered in 15,15'-Carotenoid Monooxygenase Knockout Mice

Author:
Lindshield, Brian L.; King, Jennifer L.; Wyss, Adrian; Goralczyk, Regina; Lu, Chi-Hua; Ford, Nikki A.; Erdman, John W. Jr.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2367-2371
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
chemical concentration; vitamin metabolism; experimental diets; lycopene; isomers; mice; animal models; knockout mutants; enzyme activity; vitamin A
Abstract:
... 15,15'-carotenoid monooxygenase (CMO I) is generally recognized as the central carotenoid cleavage enzyme responsible for converting provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A, while having little affinity for nonprovitamin A carotenoids, such as lycopene. To investigate the role of CMO I in carotenoid metabolism, ~90-d-old C57BL/6 x 129/SvJ [CMO I wild-type (WT)] and B6;129S6-Bcmo1tm1Dnp [CMO I knocko ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.099663
PubMed:
19022959
PubMed Central:
PMC3415862

28. Maternal Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation Influences Fetal Carnitine Status and Stimulates Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Activities in Swine

Author:
Xi, Lin; Brown, Kelly; Woodworth, Jason; Shim, Kwanseob; Johnson, Bradley; Odle, Jack
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2356-2362
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
maternal nutrition; carnitine; dietary supplements; fetal development; nutritional status; pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide); sows; piglets; fetus; pregnancy; energy metabolism; chemical concentration; carnitine palmitoyltransferase
Abstract:
... Effects of increasing maternal L-carnitine on carnitine status and energy metabolism in the fetus were evaluated by feeding pregnant swine a corn-soybean-based diet containing either 0 or 50 mg/kg added L-carnitine (n = 10/treatment) during the first 70 d of gestation. Carnitine, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activities were analyzed in tissues col ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.095638
PubMed:
19022957

29. Modulation of C-Reactive Protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Adiponectin by Diet, Exercise, and Weight Loss

Author:
Puglisi, Michael J.; Fernandez, Maria Luz
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2293-2296
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
diet-related diseases; diet; exercise; C-reactive protein; atherosclerosis; humans; adiponectin; inflammation; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; chronic diseases; weight loss; antioxidants
Abstract:
... Chronic disease has been strongly correlated with inflammation resulting from the body's release of inflammatory cytokines as a result of injury or infection. Specific interventions promoting weight loss, exercise, or intake of antioxidants have been used by several investigators in an effort to decrease inflammatory cytokines. C-reactive protein (CRP) is produced by the liver and its role in the ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.097188

30. (n-6) and (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Aging Brain: Food for Thought

Author:
Whelan, Jay
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2521-2522
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
elderly; emotions; brain; lipid metabolism; central nervous system diseases; elderly nutrition; polyunsaturated fatty acids; omega-3 fatty acids; omega-6 fatty acids
Abstract:
... Over the last decade, the role of dietary PUFA in growth, development, and cognitive function in the infant has been a topic at numerous national and international meetings. Only recently has the role of PUFA been more seriously examined as they relate to the aging brain. In fact, a search of the literature reveals very few randomized control trials exploring this research area. However, the liter ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.095943
PubMed:
19022982

31. Redox Regulation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B by Manipulation of Dietary Selenium Affects the Triglyceride Concentration in Rat Liver

Author:
Mueller, Andreas S.; Klomann, Sandra D.; Wolf, Nicole M.; Schneider, Sandra; Schmidt, Rupert; Spielmann, Julia; Stangl, Gabriele; Eder, Klaus; Pallauf, Josef
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2328-2336
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
liver; protein-tyrosine-phosphatase; experimental diets; redox reactions; selenium; triacylglycerols; glutathione peroxidase; dietary nutrient sources; animal models; insulin secretion; lipogenesis; rats; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; nutrition physiology; dietary mineral supplements
Abstract:
... Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key enzyme in the counter-regulation of insulin signaling and in the stimulation of fatty acid synthesis. Selenium (Se), via the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), is involved in the removal of H₂O₂ and organic peroxides, which are critical compounds in the modulation of PTP1B activity via glutathionylation. Our ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.089482
PubMed:
19022953

32. Research Needed to Strengthen Science and Programs for the Control of Iron Deficiency and Its Consequences in Young Children

Author:
Stoltzfus, Rebecca J.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2542-2546
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
children; child nutrition; health status; iron; iron deficiency anemia; dietary minerals; developing countries; disease control; dietary mineral supplements; umbilical cord; breast feeding; nutritional intervention
Abstract:
... The purpose of this article is to highlight critical research needs for the effective prevention and control of iron deficiency and its consequences in children living in low-income countries. Four types of research are highlighted: The first involves scaling up interventions that we know are effective, namely iron supplementation of pregnant women, delayed cord clamping at delivery, immediate and ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.094888
PubMed:
19022987

33. Soy Protein Intake Has Sex-Specific Effects on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese

Author:
Pan, An; Franco, Oscar H.; Ye, Jianping; Demark-Wahnefried, Wendy; Ye, Xingwang; Yu, Zhijie; Li, Huaixing; Lin, Xu
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2413-2421
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
elderly; metabolic syndrome; men; Chinese people; women; soy protein; gender differences; middle-aged adults; risk assessment; hypertension; protein intake; food frequency questionnaires; human nutrition; hyperglycemia; cross-sectional studies; China
Abstract:
... Soy protein intake has been postulated to improve lipid profiles, glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure. However, data linking soy protein intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are limited. We evaluated the association between soy protein intake and the risk of MetS and its components among middle-aged and elderly Chinese. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2811 Chinese men and women age ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.097519
PubMed:
19022966

34. Structurally Different Wheat-Derived Arabinoxylooligosaccharides Have Different Prebiotic and Fermentation Properties in Rats

Author:
Craeyveld, Valerie van; Swennen, Katrien; Dornez, Emmie; Wiele, Tom van de; Marzorati, Massimo; Verstraete, Willy; Delaedt, Yasmine; Onagbesan, Okanlawon; Decuypere, Eddy; Buyse, Johan; Ketelaere, Bart de; Broekaert, Willem F.; Delcour, Jan A.; Courtin, Christophe M.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2348-2355
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
structure-activity relationships; wheat products; arabinoxylan; prebiotics; fermentation; rats; animal models; intestinal microorganisms; experimental diets; xylooligosaccharides; fructooligosaccharides; inulin; polymerization; Bifidobacterium
Abstract:
... To evaluate the prebiotic potential and intestinal fermentation products of wheat bran-derived arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) in relation to their structure, 5 preparations with structurally different AXOS were included (~4% wt:wt) in rat diets that mimicked the average Western human diet composition. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and inulin were used as references. ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.094367
PubMed:
19022956

35. Studies of Twins Indicate That Genetics Influence Dietary Intake

Author:
Hasselbalch, Ann Louise; Heitmann, Berit L.; Kyvik, Kirsten O.; Sørensen, Thorkild I.A.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2406-2412
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
nutrient intake; food choices; glycemic index; food frequency questionnaires; food groups; men; women; gender differences; human genetics; twins; cross-sectional studies
Abstract:
... Habitual dietary intake is a complex behavior that may have both biological and nonbiological bases. We estimated the contribution of genetic and environmental influences on dietary intake in a large population-based sample of healthy twins. Data originated from a cross-sectional study of 600 male and female healthy twin pairs with self-reported food consumption frequency using a validated questio ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.087668
PubMed:
19022965

36. Supplementing Suckling Rats with Whey Protein Concentrate Modulates the Immune Response and Ameliorates Rat Rotavirus-Induced Diarrhea

Author:
Pérez-Cano, Francisco J.; Marín-Gallén, Silvia; Castell, Margarida; Rodríguez-Palmero, María; Rivero, Montserrat; Castellote, Cristina; Franch, Àngels
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2392-2398
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
dietary supplements; suckling; rats; whey protein; protein concentrates; immune response; Rotavirus; diarrhea; animal models
Abstract:
... Group A rotaviruses (RV) are the most common causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in children <2 y. The present study was designed to establish the effect of a bovine whey protein concentrate (WPC) in a RV infection model in suckling rats. From d 3 of life, suckling Lewis rats received daily supplements of WPC, WPC plus lactoferrin (LF), standard infant formula (SIF), or water (RV-infected gr ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093856
PubMed:
19022963

37. Ultra High Temperature Treatment, but Not Pasteurization, Affects the Postprandial Kinetics of Milk Proteins in Humans

Author:
Lacroix, Magali; Bon, Cyriaque; Bos, Cécile; Léonil, Joëlle; Benamouzig, Robert; Luengo, Catherine; Fauquant, Jacques; Tomé, Daniel; Gaudichon, Claire
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2342-2347
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
UHT treatment; men; isotope labeling; milk proteins; women; nitrogen; nutrient utilization; blood proteins; microfiltration; pasteurization; postprandial state; kinetics; protein metabolism; test meals
Abstract:
... Although the chemical and physical modifications to milk proteins induced by technological treatments have been characterized extensively, their nutritional consequences have rarely been assessed in humans. We measured the effect of 2 technological treatments on the postprandial utilization of milk nitrogen (N), pasteurization (PAST) and ultra high temperature (UHT), compared with microfiltration ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.096990
PubMed:
19022955

38. Zinc Modifies the Association between Nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae Carriage and Risk of Acute Lower Respiratory Infection among Young Children in Rural Nepal

Author:
Coles, Christian L.; Sherchand, Jeevan B.; Khatry, Subarna K.; Katz, Joanne; LeClerq, Steven C.; Mullany, Luke C.; Tielsch, James M.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.12 pp. 2462-2467
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
zinc; dietary minerals; nasopharynx; Streptococcus pneumoniae; risk factors; preschool children; rural health; disease transmission; respiratory tract diseases; nutritional intervention; carrier state; acute course; disease control; protective effect; dietary mineral supplements; Nepal
Abstract:
... Nasopharyngeal (NP) carriage is necessary for Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) transmission and invasive infection. This study evaluated the effect of zinc prophylaxis on the association between NP colonization with Spn and acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children aged 1-35 mo living in a rural district in southern Nepal. We compared carriage prevalence of Spn in 550 ALRI cases with that ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.095422
PubMed:
19022973
PubMed Central:
PMC2649721

39. Antioxidant Supplementation Restores Defective Leucine Stimulation of Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle from Old Rats

Author:
Marzani, Barbara; Balage, Michèle; Vénien, Annie; Astruc, Thierry; Papet, Isabelle; Dardevet, Dominique; Mosoni, Laurent
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2205-2211
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
elderly; protein synthesis; leucine; muscle physiology; skeletal muscle; inflammation; animal models; rats; dietary supplements; antioxidants
Abstract:
... Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle mass that could be partly explained by a defect in the anabolic effect of food intake. We previously reported that this defect resulted from a decrease in the protein synthesis response to leucine in muscles from old rats. Because aging is associated with changes in oxidative status, we hypothesized that reactive oxygen species-induced oxidati ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.094029

40. Cash Component of Conditional Cash Transfer Program Is Associated with Higher Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure in Adults

Author:
Fernald, Lia C.H.; Gertler, Paul J.; Hou, Xiaohui
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2250-2257
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
community nutrition programs; body mass index; blood pressure; adults; children; child nutrition; child growth; social welfare programs; Mexico
Abstract:
... The cash component of Oportunidades, a large conditional cash transfer (CCT) program in Mexico, has previously been shown to be associated with better outcomes for child growth and development. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether the cash transfers were also associated with positive outcomes for adult health. Oportunidades was originally randomized across 506 rural (<2500 inhab ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.090506
PubMed:
18936227
PubMed Central:
PMC3151439

41. Coingestion of Carbohydrate and Protein Hydrolysate Stimulates Muscle Protein Synthesis during Exercise in Young Men, with No Further Increase during Subsequent Overnight Recovery

Author:
Beelen, Milou; Tieland, Michael; Gijsen, Annemie P.; Vandereyt, Hanne; Kies, Arie K.; Kuipers, Harm; Saris, Wim H.M.; Koopman, René; Loon, Luc J.C. van
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2198-2204
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
dietary carbohydrate; dietary protein; carbohydrate intake; protein intake; human nutrition; hydrolysates; protein hydrolysates; muscle protein; protein synthesis; exercise; young adults; men; dietary supplements
Abstract:
... We investigated the effect of carbohydrate and protein hydrolysate ingestion on whole-body and muscle protein synthesis during a combined endurance and resistance exercise session and subsequent overnight recovery. Twenty healthy men were studied in the evening after consuming a standardized diet throughout the day. Subjects participated in a 2-h exercise session during which beverages containing ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.092924
PubMed:
18936219

42. Development of a Compartmental Model of Zinc Kinetics in Mice

Author:
Wastney, Meryl E.; House, William A.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2148
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
animal models; mice; zinc; nutrition physiology; mathematical models; kinetics; labeling techniques; genes; dietary minerals; knockout mutants
Abstract:
... To investigate zinc (Zn) kinetics in mice, tracer (⁶⁵Zn) was administered orally to 9-wk-old female mice in the fed state and tracer and Zn concentration were measured in 21 tissues over the following 8 d. Data were analyzed by compartmental modeling using WinSAAM. A published model for Zn kinetics in rats was modified to fit the data from mice and to calculate transfer rates and pool sizes of Zn. ...
Handle:
10113/26257
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.091504
PubMed:
18936212
PubMed Central:
PMC2613021

43. Dietary Acrylamide Intake Is Not Associated with Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk

Author:
Hogervorst, Janneke G.F.; Schouten, Leo J.; Konings, Erik J.M.; Goldbohm, R. Alexandra; Brandt, Piet A. van den
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2229-2236
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
acrylamides; dietary exposure; gastrointestinal system; neoplasms; risk factors; carcinogens; men; women; heat treatment; diet-related diseases; cohort studies; food frequency questionnaires; digestive system diseases; Netherlands
Abstract:
... Acrylamide is a probable human carcinogen that was detected in several heat-treated foods, such as French fries and crisps, in 2002. Prospective studies are needed on acrylamide and human cancer risk. We prospectively investigated the association between acrylamide and gastrointestinal cancer risk. In 1986, 120,852 men and women (aged 55-69 y) were included in the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.092957
PubMed:
18936224

44. Dietary Arachidonic Acid Dose-Dependently Increases the Arachidonic Acid Concentration in Human Milk

Author:
Weseler, Antje R.; Dirix, Chantal E.H.; Bruins, Maaike J.; Hornstra, Gerard
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2190-2197
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
arachidonic acid; dietary fat; dose response; chemical concentration; breast milk; lactating women; maternal nutrition; nutritional status; omega-3 fatty acids; fat intake; human lactation; dietary supplements; docosahexaenoic acid; lipid content
Abstract:
... Lactation hampers normalization of the maternal arachidonic acid (AA) status, which is reduced after pregnancy and can further decline by the presently recommended increased consumption of (n-3) long-chain PUFA [(n-3) LCPUFA]. This may be unfavorable for breast-fed infants, because they also require an optimum supply of (n-6) LCPUFA. We therefore investigated the LCPUFA responses in nursing mother ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.089318

45. Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Guinea Pigs

Author:
McFarland, Christine T.; Fan, Yang-Yi; Chapkin, Robert S.; Weeks, Bradley R.; McMurray, David N.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2123-2128
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
dietary fat; polyunsaturated fatty acids; disease resistance; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; guinea pigs; animal models; nutritional status; tuberculosis; aerosols; immune response; immunomodulators
Abstract:
... It is well established that the nutritional status of the host affects resistance to disease. The impact of dietary lipids on experimental pulmonary infection with mycobacteria has not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of dietary (n-3) and (n-6) fatty acids on immunity and resistance to aerosol infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in gu ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093740
PubMed:
18936208
PubMed Central:
PMC2635522

46. Effective Prevention and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection Using a Combination of Catechins and Sialic Acid in AGS Cells and BALB/c Mice

Author:
Yang, Jyh-Chin; Shun, Chia-Tung; Chien, Chiang-Ting; Wang, Teh-Hong
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2084-2090
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
in vivo studies; human cell lines; sialic acids; Helicobacter pylori; antibiotic resistance; disease prevention; adenocarcinoma; mice; animal models; in vitro studies; flavanols; bacterial infections
Abstract:
... The increasing emergence of Helicobacter pylori strains resistant to antibiotics may cause unsuccessful treatment. An alternative agent or mixture with anti-H. pylori effect is urgently required to reduce H. pylori infection. We explored the preventive and therapeutic potential of a combination of catechins and sialic acid on H. pylori-infected human gastric cells in vitro and in mice in vivo. We ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.090985
PubMed:
18936202

47. Energy Restriction Impairs Natural Killer Cell Function and Increases the Severity of Influenza Infection in Young Adult Male C57BL/6 Mice

Author:
Ritz, Barry W.; Aktan, Idil; Nogusa, Shoko; Gardner, Elizabeth M.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2269-2275
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
animal disease models; cytotoxicity; Influenza A virus; males; disease severity; mice; immune response; natural killer cells; low calorie diet; mortality; adults
Abstract:
... Energy restriction (ER) without malnutrition extends lifespan in mice and postpones age-related changes in immunity. However, we have previously shown that aged (22 mo old) ER mice exhibit increased mortality, impaired viral clearance, and reduced natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity following influenza infection compared with aged mice that consumed food ad libitum (AL). To determine whether the ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093633
PubMed:
18936230
PubMed Central:
PMC2635521

48. Enrichment of Intestinal Mucosal Phospholipids with Arachidonic and Eicosapentaenoic Acids Fed to Suckling Piglets Is Dose and Time Dependent

Author:
Hess, Holly A.; Corl, Benjamin A.; Lin, Xi; Jacobi, Sheila K.; Harrell, Robert J.; Blikslager, Anthony T.; Odle, Jack
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2164-2171
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
linoleic acid; dose response; eicosapentaenoic acid; experimental diets; fatty acid composition; arachidonic acid; animal models; intestinal mucosa; suckling; infant formulas; dietary supplements; piglets; phospholipids
Abstract:
... Infant formula companies began fortifying formulas with long-chain PUFA in 2002, including arachidonic acid (ARA) at ~0.5% of total fatty acids. The primary objective of this study was to determine the time-specific effects of feeding formula enriched with supra-physiologic ARA on fatty acid composition of intestinal mucosal phospholipids. One-day-old pigs (n = 96) were fed a milk-based formula fo ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.094136
PubMed:
18936214

49. Genetic Variants of the FADS1 FADS2 Gene Cluster Are Associated with Altered (n-6) and (n-3) Essential Fatty Acids in Plasma and Erythrocyte Phospholipids in Women during Pregnancy and in Breast Milk during Lactation

Author:
Xie, Lin; Innis, Sheila M.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2222-2228
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
genes; essential fatty acids; omega-3 fatty acids; omega-6 fatty acids; blood plasma; blood lipids; erythrocytes; phospholipids; pregnant women; lactating women; pregnancy; breast milk; human lactation; stearoyl-CoA desaturase; nutrition physiology; eicosapentaenoic acid; docosahexaenoic acid; maternal nutrition; dietary fat; fat intake
Abstract:
... The enzymes encoded by fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1 and FADS2 are rate-limiting enzymes in the desaturation of linoleic acid [LA; 18:2(n-6)] to arachidonic acid [ARA; 20:4(n-6)], and α-linolenic acid [ALA; 18:3(n-3)] to eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA; 20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA; 22:6(n-3)]. ARA, EPA, and DHA play central roles in infant growth, neural development, and immune function. ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.096156
PubMed:
18936223

50. Green Tea Protects Rats against Autoimmune Arthritis by Modulating Disease-Related Immune Events

Author:
Kim, Hong Ro; Rajaiah, Rajesh; Wu, Qing-Li; Satpute, Shailesh R.; Tan, Ming T.; Simon, James E.; Berman, Brian M.; Moudgil, Kamal D.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2111-2116
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
Camellia sinensis; functional foods; polyphenols; anti-inflammatory activity; rheumatoid arthritis; green tea; T-lymphocytes; immunomodulators; cytokines; cell proliferation; animal models; immune response; rats; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; protective effect
Abstract:
... Green tea, a product of the dried leaves of Camellia sinensis, is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. The polyphenolic compounds from green tea (PGT) possess antiinflammatory properties. We investigated whether PGT can afford protection against autoimmune arthritis and also examined the immunological basis of this effect using the rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) model of human rheumatoid a ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.089912
PubMed:
18936206
PubMed Central:
PMC2693422

51. Hepcidin Regulation of Iron Transport

Author:
Collins, James F.; Wessling-Resnick, Marianne; Knutson, Mitchell D.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2284-2288
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
liver; iron; inflammation; homeostasis; dietary minerals; nutrition physiology
Abstract:
... The discovery of hepcidin as a key regulator of iron homeostasis has advanced our current knowledge of this field. Liver-derived hepcidin peptide is secreted in response to iron and inflammation and interacts with the iron export protein ferroportin. This review summarizes recent advances discussed at the Symposium. A particular focus is on molecular interactions between hepcidin and ferroportin, ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.096347
PubMed:
18936232
PubMed Central:
PMC2764359

52. Increased Elongase and Desaturase Gene Expression with Stearidonic Acid Enriched Diet Does Not Enhance Long-Chain (n-3) Content of Seawater Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Author:
Miller, Matthew R.; Bridle, Andrew R.; Nichols, Peter D.; Carter, Chris G.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2179-2185
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
enzymes; gene expression; dietary supplements; long chain fatty acids; omega-3 fatty acids; Salmo salar; marine fish; Echium; plant fats and oils; biochemical pathways; seawater; food analysis; food composition; lipid content
Abstract:
... Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) can produce (n-3) long-chain (LC)-PUFA when fed biosynthetic precursors. This has potential for developing sustainable aquafeeds. Echium oil (EO) is rich in stearidonic acid [SDA; 18:4(n-3)] and bypasses the initial Δ6 desaturase (FAD6) step in the (n-3) LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathway. EO was fed to seawater Atlantic salmon for 12 wk and compared with fish fed a diet ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.091702
PubMed:
18936216

53. Intestinal Microbial Contribution to Metabolic Leucine Input in Adult Men

Author:
Raj, Tony; Dileep, Uma; Vaz, Mario; Fuller, Malcolm F.; Kurpad, Anura V.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2217-2221
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
antimicrobial properties; intestinal microorganisms; leucine; men; dietary protein; amino acid requirements; protein intake; homeostasis; oxidation; amino acid metabolism; adults
Abstract:
... New estimates of the indispensable amino acid requirements of adult humans are much higher than previously thought and questions the adequacy of cereal-based diets of low protein quality. However, dietary amino acid requirements may be supplemented by contributions from the intestinal microbiota. This study measured the contribution of intestinal microbes to leucine input in healthy adult men. Fou ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093021
PubMed:
18936222

54. Live and Ultraviolet-Inactivated Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG Decrease Flagellin-Induced Interleukin-8 Production in Caco-2 Cells

Author:
Lopez, Mariela; Li, Nan; Kataria, Jasmeet; Russell, Michael; Neu, Josef
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2264-2268
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
probiotics; ultraviolet radiation; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; inactivation; intestinal microorganisms; flagellum; interleukin-8; human cell lines; epithelial cells; flagellin
Abstract:
... Probiotics are widely used in the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal problems. However, in some immune-compromised populations, the administration of live microorganisms may not be appropriate. A potential alternative to live microorganisms is to inactivate them as long as the beneficial function is retained. We hypothesized that UV-inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) could down ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093658

55. Mechanisms Associated with Dose-Dependent Inhibition of Rat Mammary Carcinogenesis by Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.)

Author:
Thompson, Matthew D.; Thompson, Henry J.; Brick, Mark A.; McGinley, John N.; Jiang, Weiqin; Zhu, Zongjian; Wolfe, Pamela
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2091-2097
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
carcinogenesis; functional foods; breast neoplasms; dose response; experimental diets; mammary neoplasms (animal); Phaseolus vulgaris; animal models; rats; risk reduction; apoptosis; dry beans
Abstract:
... The purpose of this study was to determine whether a dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) containing diet exerts an inhibitory effect on mammary carcinogenesis in a well-characterized rodent model for breast cancer. Twenty-one-d-old female Sprague Dawley rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea and 7 d after carcinogen injection were randomized to 1 of 5 groups fed a mod ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.094557

56. Men with Low Vitamin A Stores Respond Adequately to Primary Yellow Fever and Secondary Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination

Author:
Ahmad, Shaikh M.; Haskell, Marjorie J.; Raqib, Rubhana; Stephensen, Charles B.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2276
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
men; vitamin A; nutrient reserves; Yellow fever virus; tetanus; toxoids; vaccines; vaccination; nutrient intake; dietary recommendations; vitamin supplements; nutritional status
Abstract:
... Current recommendations for vitamin A intake and liver stores (0.07 μmol/g) are based on maintaining normal vision. Higher levels may be required for maintaining normal immune function. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between total body vitamin A stores in adult men and measures of adaptive immune function. We conducted an 8-wk residential study among 36 healthy Banglade ...
Handle:
10113/26258
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.092056
PubMed:
18936231
PubMed Central:
PMC3151440

57. Methionine-Adequate Cysteine-Free Diet Does Not Limit Erythrocyte Glutathione Synthesis in Young Healthy Adult Men

Author:
Courtney-Martin, Glenda; Rafii, Mahroukh; Wykes, Linda J.; Ball, Ronald O.; Pencharz, Paul B.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2172-2178
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
glutathione; men; protein synthesis; dietary protein; isotope labeling; experimental diets; sulfates; amino acid requirements; erythrocytes; young adults; protein intake; methionine; dietary supplements; cysteine
Abstract:
... Most methods of determining amino acid (AA) requirements are based on endpoints that determine adequacy for protein synthesis. However, the sulfur AA (SAA) cysteine is believed to be the rate-limiting substrate for synthesis of the most abundant intracellular antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). Our objectives were to determine whether supplementation of cysteine in a diet containing adequate SAA for p ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093302
PubMed:
18936215

58. Only Children of the Head of Household Benefit from Increased Household Food Diversity in Northern Ghana

Author:
Leroy, Jef L.; Razak, Abizari Abdul; Habicht, Jean-Pierre
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2258-2263
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
children; child nutrition; food groups; dietary nutrient sources; rural health; food availability; households; family structure; child growth; Ghana
Abstract:
... In many societies, foods are preferentially channeled to certain members of the household. We studied whether being the child of a powerful household member (head of household or first wife in a polygynous family) was associated with greater child stature in Northern Ghana and how this association varied with differences in household food availability. We used a sample of 464 children between 9 an ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.092437
PubMed:
18936228

59. Ovariectomy-Induced Hyperphagia Does Not Modulate Bone Mineral Density or Bone Strength in Rats

Author:
Jiang, Jessica M.Y.; Sacco, Sandra M.; Ward, Wendy E.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2106-2110
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
ovariectomy; overeating; bone density; bone strength; rats; animal models; menopause; weight gain; adipose tissue; food intake
Abstract:
... The ovariectomized (OVX) rat is a widely used animal model for the development of prevention and treatment strategies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, ovariectomy-induced hyperphagia results in weight gain and adiposity. To prevent potential protective effects of increased body weight on bone from confounding outcomes of preclinical studies, pair-feeding is used in some but not all studie ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093781
PubMed:
18936205

60. Probiotics Stimulate Liver and Plasma Protein Synthesis in Piglets with Dextran Sulfate-Induced Colitis and Macronutrient Restriction

Author:
Harding, Scott V.; Fraser, Keely G.; Wykes, Linda J.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2129-2135
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
protein synthesis; liver; dietary protein; dietary fat; histopathology; experimental diets; nutrients; dietary carbohydrate; probiotics; animal models; blood plasma; colitis; dextran; piglets; oxidative stress
Abstract:
... Adequate nutrition and probiotics have each been shown to reduce the severity of colitis, but their impact on hepatic and gastrointestinal protein metabolism has not been studied. Our objective was to determine whether maintaining adequate nutrition compared with administering probiotics affected protein synthesis, colon histopathology, and oxidative stress in our macronutrient-restricted piglet m ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.090019
PubMed:
18936209

61. Rosmarinic Acid Antagonizes Activator Protein-1-Dependent Activation of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Human Cancer and Nonmalignant Cell Lines

Author:
Scheckel, Kristen A.; Degner, Stephanie C.; Romagnolo, Donato F.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2098-2105
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
transcription factors; human cell lines; anti-inflammatory activity; caffeic acid; antagonists; epithelial cells; risk factors; rosmarinic acid; prostaglandin synthase; Rosmarinus officinalis
Abstract:
... One mechanism through which bioactive food components may exert anticancer effects is by reducing the expression of the proinflammatory gene cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which has been regarded as a risk factor in tumor development. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic derivative of caffeic acid present in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Previous research documented that RA may exert antiinflammator ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.090431
PubMed:
18936204
PubMed Central:
PMC3151436

62. Supplementing Young Women with Both Zinc and Iron Protects Zinc-Related Antioxidant Indicators Previously Impaired by Iron Supplementation

Author:
Kamp, Fernanda; Donangelo, Carmen Marino
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2186-2189
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
dietary mineral supplements; young adults; women; zinc; iron; dietary minerals; antioxidants; nutritional status; nutrition assessment; nutrient reserves
Abstract:
... Iron supplementation impairs antioxidant status, whereas zinc is recognized as an antioxidant micronutrient. We investigated the effect of supplementing both zinc and iron on iron, zinc, and antioxidant status in 18 women (22-31 y) studied during 2 sequential 8-wk periods. From wk 1 to 8, only iron (50 mg/d) (Fe period) was supplemented and from wk 9 to 16, zinc (25 mg/d) (Fe+Zn period) was also g ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093260

63. The Antiatherogenic Function of HDL Is Impaired in Hyperhomocysteinemic Subjects

Author:
Holven, Kirsten B.; Aukrust, Pål; Retterstøl, Kjetil; Otterdal, Kari; Bjerkeli, Vigdis; Ose, Leiv; Nenseter, Marit S.; Halvorsen, Bente
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2070-2075
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
high density lipoprotein; human diseases; men; blood serum; endothelial cells; women; inflammation; interleukin-6; metabolic diseases; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; oncogenes; homocysteine; atherogenesis
Abstract:
... High plasma homocysteine concentrations have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, whereas plasma HDL concentration is inversely correlated to such disorders. We hypothesized that hyperhomocysteinemic subjects may have dysfunctional HDL. We therefore investigated the ability of serum from hyperhomocysteinemic male and female subjects (n = 10) and control subjects (n = 10) ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.090704
PubMed:
18936200

64. Tocotrienol Inhibits Secretion of Angiogenic Factors from Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells by Suppressing Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α

Author:
Shibata, Akira; Nakagawa, Kiyotaka; Sookwong, Phumon; Tsuduki, Tsuyoshi; Tomita, Shuhei; Shirakawa, Hitoshi; Komai, Michio; Miyazawa, Teruo
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2136-2142
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
transcription factors; human cell lines; gene expression; prostaglandin synthase; tocotrienols; angiogenesis growth factor; hypoxia; angiogenesis; interleukin-8
Abstract:
... Tocotrienol (T3), unsaturated vitamin E, has recently gained considerable attention as a potent antiangiogenic agent minimizing tumor growth, the exact intracellular mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Because hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), its downstream target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and other angiogenic factors such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and cyclooxygenase ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093237

65. Trans-11 Vaccenic Acid Dietary Supplementation Induces Hypolipidemic Effects in JCR:LA-cp Rats

Author:
Wang, Ye; Lu, Jing; Ruth, Megan R.; Goruk, Sue D.; Reaney, Martin J.; Glimm, David R.; Vine, Donna F.; Field, Catherine J.; Proctor, Spencer D.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2117-2122
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
vaccenic acid; dietary supplements; hypolipidemia; rats; animal models; bioactive properties; obesity; insulin resistance; hyperlipidemia; inflammation; experimental diets; carbohydrate metabolism; blood lipids; cytokines
Abstract:
... Trans-11 vaccenic acid [VA; 18:1(n-9)] is a positional and geometric isomer of oleic acid and is the precursor to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in humans. Despite VA being the predominant trans monoene in ruminant-derived lipids, very little is known about its nutritional bioactivity, particularly in conditions of chronic metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, and/or dyslipid ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.091009
PubMed:
18936207

66. Type I Diabetes Leads to Tissue-Specific DNA Hypomethylation in Male Rats

Author:
Williams, Kelly T.; Garrow, Timothy A.; Schalinske, Kevin L.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2064-2069
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; animal tissues; DNA methylation; males; rats; animal models; homocysteine; kidney diseases; liver; kidneys; enzyme activity; amino acid metabolism
Abstract:
... Numerous perturbations of methyl group and homocysteine metabolism have been documented as an outcome of diabetes. It has also been observed that there is a transition from hypo- to hyperhomocysteinemia in diabetes, often concurrent with the development of nephropathy. The objective of this study was to characterize the temporal changes in methyl group and homocysteine metabolism in the liver and ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.094144

67. Whey Protein Ingestion Enhances Postprandial Anabolism during Short-Term Bed Rest in Young Men

Author:
Antonione, Raffaella; Caliandro, Elena; Zorat, Francesca; Guarnieri, Gianfranco; Heer, Martina; Biolo, Gianni
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2212-2216
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
whey protein; protein synthesis; men; physical activity; young adults; postprandial state; casein; phenylalanine; hydroxylation
Abstract:
... We tested the relative ability of rapidly digested whey and slowly digested casein to stimulate net whole-body protein synthesis during prolonged physical inactivity. We studied 8 young male volunteers after they consumed isonitrogenous casein or whey mixed meals on d 12 or d 14 of experimental bed rest. Rates of phenylalanine hydroxylation were measured by primed-constant oral administration of L ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.086462

68. William N. Pearson, Ph.D. (1924-1968)

Author:
Burk, Raymond F.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2058-2059
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
nutrition research; nutritionists
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.096552
PubMed:
18936197

69. Zinc Transporters ZnT1 (Slc30a1), Zip8 (Slc39a8), and Zip10 (Slc39a10) in Mouse Red Blood Cells Are Differentially Regulated during Erythroid Development and by Dietary Zinc Deficiency

Author:
Ryu, Moon-Suhn; Lichten, Louis A.; Liuzzi, Juan P.; Cousins, Robert J.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.11 pp. 2076-2083
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
zinc; dietary minerals; nutrient transport; mice; erythrocytes; physiological regulation; nutrient deficiencies; deficiency diseases; cell differentiation; transporters; messenger RNA; animal models; experimental diets
Abstract:
... Zinc is essential for normal erythroid cell functions and therefore intracellular zinc homeostasis during erythroid differentiation is tightly regulated. However, a characterization of zinc transporters in erythrocytes has not been conducted. The membrane fraction of mature mouse RBC was screened for zinc transporter expression using western analysis as a first step in the characterization process ...
DOI:
10.3945/jn.108.093575
PubMed:
18936201
PubMed Central:
PMC2635520

70. Comparative Aspects of Tissue Glutamine and Proline Metabolism

Author:
Bertolo, Robert F.; Burrin, Douglas G.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.10 pp. 2032S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
glutamine; proline; amino acid metabolism; animal tissues; nutrient reserves; biochemical pathways; nutrition physiology; protein synthesis; enzyme activity; glutamates; Tolerable Upper Intake Level; splanchnic tissues
Abstract:
... The cellular metabolism of glutamine and proline are closely interrelated, because they can be interconverted with glutamate and ornithine via the mitochondrial pathway involving pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). In adults, glutamine and proline are converted via P5C to citrulline in the gut, then citrulline is converted to arginine in the kidney. In neonates, arginine is a semiindispensable amino ac ...
Handle:
10113/27203

71. Fractional Protein Synthesis Rates Are Similar When Measured by Intraperitoneal or Intravenous Flooding Doses of L-[ring-²H₅]Phenylalanine in Combination with a Rapid Regimen of Sampling in Piglets

Author:
Bregendahl, Kristjan; Yang, Xiaojian; Liu, Lijuan; Yen, Jong-Tseng; Rideout, Todd C.; Shen, Yingran; Werchola, George; Fan, Ming Z.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.10 pp. 1976
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
fractional synthesis rate; intraperitoneal injection; intravenous injection; dose response; phenylalanine; piglets; labeling techniques; blood sampling; tissue analysis; nutrition physiology; sampling
Abstract:
... Fractional protein synthesis rates (FSR) are widely measured by the flooding dose technique via either an i.g. or an i.v. route. This study was conducted to compare differences in tracer incorporation and FSR in organs and tissues of fed piglets. The piglets were surgically implanted with catheters and randomly assigned to receive a flooding dose of Phe (1.5 mmol/kg body weight, 40 percent molar e ...
Handle:
10113/27202

72. Perilipin Polymorphism Interacts with Dietary Carbohydrates to Modulate Anthropometric Traits in Hispanics of Caribbean Origin

Author:
Smith, Caren E.; Tucker, Katherine L.; Yiannakouris, Nikos; Garcia-Bailo, Bibiana; Mattei, Josiemer; Lai, Chao-Qiang; Parnell, Laurence D.; Ordovás, José M.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.10 pp. 1852
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
proteins; single nucleotide polymorphism; dietary carbohydrate; carbohydrates; anthropometric measurements; traits; Hispanics; lipids; lipid metabolism; adipocytes; obesity; Caribbean
Abstract:
... Perilipin (PLIN) is the major protein surrounding lipid droplets in adipocytes and regulates adipocyte metabolism by modulating the interaction between lipases and triacylglycerol stores. Associations between PLIN gene polymorphisms and obesity risk have been described, but interactions with dietary macronutrients require further attention. We examined whether dietary macronutrients (e.g. carbohyd ...
Handle:
10113/27205
PubMed:
18806092
PubMed Central:
PMC2596596

73. A Population's Mean Healthy Eating Index-2005 Scores Are Best Estimated by the Score of the Population Ratio when One 24-Hour Recall Is Available

Author:
Freedman, Laurence S.; Guenther, Patricia M.; Krebs-Smith, Susan M.; Kott, Phillip S.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.9 pp. 1725
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
eating habits; nutritional adequacy; nutrition assessment; estimation; diet recall; food groups; humans; energy intake; simulation models; population characteristics
Abstract:
... The USDA Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) is a tool to quantify and evaluate the quality of diet consumed by the U.S. population. It comprises 12 components, expressed as ratios of a food group or nutrient to energy intake. The components are scored on a scale from 0 to M, where M is 5, 10, or 20. Ideally, the HEI-2005 is calculated on the basis of the usual dietary intake of an individual. In ...
Handle:
10113/27201
PubMed:
18716176
PubMed Central:
PMC2581886

74. Biofortified Carrot Intake Enhances Liver Antioxidant Capacity and Vitamin A Status in Mongolian Gerbils

Author:
Mills, Jordan P.; Simon, Philipp W.; Tanumihardjo, Sherry A.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.9 pp. 1692
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
food fortification; carrots; liver; antioxidant activity; hepatoprotective effect; vitamin A; nutrition assessment; nutritional status; Meriones unguiculatus; animal models; gerbils
Abstract:
... Biofortification efforts have increased concentrations of bioactive compounds in carrots. We measured the antioxidant potential and vitamin A bioefficacy of 4 biofortified carrot varieties [purple/orange, purple/orange/red, orange/red, and orange] in Mongolian gerbils (n = 73). Following a 4-wk vitamin A depletion period and baseline kill (n = 7), freeze-dried carrot powders were mixed into purifi ...
Handle:
10113/27200
PubMed:
18716171

75. Priority Areas for Research on the Intake, Composition, and Health Effects of Tree Nuts and Peanuts

Author:
Allen, Lindsay H.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.9 pp. 1763S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
nuts; peanuts; protein intake; nutritive value; nutrient content; protective effect; humans; food groups; disease prevention; diabetes; cardiovascular diseases; risk reduction; food allergies
Abstract:
... This article summarizes the main conclusions drawn from a conference on the health effects of nut consumption and identifies priority areas for future research. Individuals with higher intakes of nuts generally have higher intakes of many beneficial dietary constituents. More information is needed on nut composition, the bioavailability of nutrients, and other bioactive constituents. Better method ...
Handle:
10113/27199

76. Tree Nuts and Peanuts as Components of a Healthy Diet

Author:
King, Janet C.; Blumberg, Jeffrey; Ingwersen, Linda; Jenab, Mazda; Tucker, Katherine L.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.9 pp. 1736S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
nuts; peanuts; nutritional adequacy; dietary nutrient sources; diet; dietary protein; humans; cardioprotective effect; nutritive value; nutrient content; energy intake; phytochemicals; body weight; food groups; snacks
Abstract:
... Nuts have been part of the diet for thousands of years. In 2003, a Qualified Health Claim was approved, stating that eating 1.5 oz (42 g) of nuts per day may reduce the risk of heart disease. Usual intakes fall short of this recommendation. About one-third of Americans report consuming nuts (tree nuts or peanuts) on any one day. Seven percent of Europeans report eating nuts, but the amount eaten b ...
Handle:
10113/27198

77. Calcium Requirements of Growing Rats Based on Bone Mass, Structure, or Biomechanical Strength Are Similar

Author:
Hunt, Janet R.; Hunt, Curtiss D.; Zito, Carol Ann; Idso, Joseph P.; Johnson, LuAnn K.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.8 pp. 1462
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
calcium; dietary minerals; nutrient requirements; animal models; animal growth; bone density; bone fractures; bone strength; animal morphology; tibia; rats; food intake; experimental diets
Abstract:
... Although calcium (Ca) supplementation increases bone density, the increase is small and the effect on bone strength and fracture risk is uncertain. To investigate if bone mass, morphology, and biomechanical properties are affected by deficient to copious dietary Ca concentrations, the long bones (tibia and femur) of growing female Sprague-Dawley rats (8/group) were assessed after 13 wk of consumin ...
Handle:
10113/23503
PubMed:
18641192

78. Tea Consumption May Improve Biomarkers of Insulin Sensitivity and Risk Factors for Diabetes

Author:
Stote, Kim S.; Baer, David J.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.8 pp. 1584S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
tea (beverage); biomarkers; insulin resistance; risk factors; diabetes mellitus; polyphenols; humans; chronic diseases; protective effect; risk reduction; glucose tolerance
Abstract:
... Diabetes mellitus and its sequelae are a major and growing public health problem. The prevalence of diabetes worldwide is 194 million persons, or 5.1% of the population, and is projected to increase to 333 million, or 6.3% of the population, by 2025. Type 2 diabetes accounts for ~90-95% of those with diabetes in the United States and other developed countries. Tea is the most widely consumed bever ...
Handle:
10113/23504

79. Cardiac Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity and Contents of Subunits 1 and 4 Are Altered in Offspring by Low Prenatal Copper Intake by Rat Dams

Author:
Johnson, W. Thomas; Anderson, Cindy M.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.7 pp. 1269
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
cytochrome c; heart; enzyme activity; neonates; fetus; nutrition physiology; animal models; rats; copper; dietary minerals; maternal nutrition; prenatal development; dams (mothers)
Abstract:
... It has been reported previously that the offspring of rat dams consuming low dietary copper (Cu) during pregnancy and lactation experience a deficiency in cardiac cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) characterized by reduced catalytic activity and mitochondrial and nuclear subunit content after postnatal d 10. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the cardiac CCO deficiency was caused direct ...
Handle:
10113/19066
PubMed:
18567746

80. The Citrus Flavonoids Hesperetin and Nobiletin Differentially Regulate Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Gene Transcription in HepG2 Liver Cells

Author:
Morin, Brian; Nichols, LaNita A.; Zalasky, Katherine M.; Davis, J. Wade; Manthey, John A.; Holland, Lené J.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.7 pp. 1274
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
citrus fruits; flavonoids; low density lipoprotein; physiological regulation; nutrition physiology; receptors; transcription (genetics); hepatocytes; human cell lines; liver function; lipid metabolism; gene expression; gene expression regulation
Abstract:
... Reduction of plasma cholesterol by citrus flavonoids is associated with effects on specific liver functions related to lipid handling. In previous in vivo studies, polymethoxylated flavones (PMF) reduced plasma cholesterol levels at lower doses than required for flavanones. To delineate hepatic mechanisms that underlie this differential potency, we used HepG2 cells to quantitate effects on express ...
Handle:
10113/19067
PubMed:
18567747
PubMed Central:
PMC2517611

81. Anthocyanin Excretion by Humans Increases Linearly with Increasing Strawberry Dose

Author:
Carkeet, Colleen; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Novotny, Janet A.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.5 pp. 897
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
anthocyanins; excretion; humans; linear models; strawberries; food intake; clinical trials; metabolic studies; urine; pelargonidin; metabolites
Abstract:
... A clinical study was conducted to investigate the dose response and metabolism of strawberry anthocyanins. In a crossover study design, 12 healthy adults consumed each of 3 strawberry treatments. The treatments were 100 g, 200 g, and 400 g of pureed strawberries, delivering 15 μmol, 30 μmol, and 60 μmol anthocyanin, respectively. Urine samples were collected for 24 h after each dose and samples we ...
Handle:
10113/18634
PubMed:
18424598

82. Cinnamon Polyphenol Extract Affects Immune Responses by Regulating Anti- and Proinflammatory and Glucose Transporter Gene Expression in Mouse Macrophages

Author:
Cao, Heping; Urban, Joseph F. Jr.; Anderson, Richard A.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.5 pp. 833
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
cinnamon; polyphenols; plant extracts; anti-inflammatory activity; immunostimulants; immune response; inflammation; glucose transporters; nutrition-genotype interaction; gene expression; mice; animal models; macrophages; zinc finger motif; messenger RNA; obesity; metabolic syndrome; suicide
Abstract:
... Tristetraprolin (TTP/zinc finger protein 36) family proteins have antiinflammatory effects by destabilizing proinflammatory mRNA. TTP expression is reduced in fats of obese people with metabolic syndrome and brains of suicide victims and is induced by insulin and cinnamon polyphenol extract (CPE) in adipocytes, by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages, and by green tea polyphenol extract in rats ...
Handle:
10113/17672

83. Copper Deficiency Increases the Virulence of Amyocarditic and Myocarditic Strains of Coxsackievirus B3 in Mice

Author:
Smith, Allen D.; Botero, Sebastian; Levander, Orville A.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.5 pp. 849
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
mice; outbreeding; dams (mothers); litters (young animals); animal models; nutrient deficiencies; dietary minerals; copper; Enterovirus; vertebrate viruses; viral diseases of animals and humans; virulence; myocarditis; heart; cytokines; gene overexpression; immunoglobulin G; immunosuppression (physiological); diet-related diseases; cardiomyopathy; oxidative stress; pathogenesis; immune system
Abstract:
... Deficiency in several trace elements, including copper and selenium, is associated with increased levels of oxidative stress. Copper deficiency also has been shown to impair immune function. Previous work by others demonstrated that passage of an amyocarditic or myocarditic strain of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) through selenium- or vitamin E-deficient mice led to increased cardiac pathology. To deter ...
Handle:
10113/18633
PubMed:
18424590

84. γ-Synuclein Is an Adipocyte-Neuron Gene Coordinately Expressed with Leptin and Increased in Human Obesity

Author:
Oort, Pieter J.; Knotts, Trina A.; Grino, Michel; Naour, Nadia; Bastard, Jean-Phillipe; Clément, Karine; Ninkina, Natalia; Buchman, Vladimir L.; Permana, Paska A.; Luo, Xunyi; Pan, Guohua; Dunn, Tamara N.; Adams, Sean H.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.5 pp. 841
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
adipocytes; neurons; genes; gene expression; messenger RNA; leptin; humans; obesity; white adipose tissue; visceral fat
Abstract:
... Recently, we characterized tumor suppressor candidate 5 (Tusc5) as an adipocyte-neuron PPARγ target gene. Our objective herein was to identify additional genes that display distinctly high expression in fat and neurons, because such a pattern could signal previously uncharacterized functional pathways shared in these disparate tissues. γ-Synuclein, a marker of peripheral and select central nervous ...
Handle:
10113/17673

85. In Vitro Micellarization and Intestinal Cell Uptake of cis Isomers of Lycopene Exceed Those of All-trans Lycopene

Author:
Failla, Mark L.; Chitchumroonchokchai, Chureeporn; Ishida, Betty K.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.138 no.3 pp. 482
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
in vitro digestion; intestinal absorption; human cell lines; isomers; lycopene; carotenes; carotenoids; Momordica cochinchinensis; rice; small intestine; digesta; cell culture; nutrient availability
Abstract:
... The ratio of cis and all-trans lycopene (LYC) in human and animal tissues exceeds that in foods. The basis for this difference remains unknown, although differences in their stability, transport, and metabolism have been suggested. Here, we systematically compared the digestive stability, efficiency of micellarization, and uptake and intracellular stability of cis and all-trans isomers of LYC and ...
Handle:
10113/15203
PubMed:
18287353

86. Alpha-aminoadipate delta-semialdehyde synthase mRNA knockdown reduces the lysine requirement of a mouse hepatic cell line

Author:
Cleveland, Beth M.; Kiess, Aaron S.; Blemings, Kenneth P.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2008 v.1381 no.11 pp. 2143
ISSN:
1541-6100
Subject:
RNA interference; amino acid metabolism; knockout mutants; liver; lysine; messenger RNA; mice; nucleotide sequences; nutrient requirements; oxidation; plasmids; proteins; saccharopine dehydrogenase; transfection
Abstract:
... Alpha-aminoadipate delta-semialdehyde synthase (AASS) is the bifunctional enzyme containing the lysine alpha-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) and saccharopine dehydrogenase activities responsible for the first 2 steps in the irreversible catabolism of lysine. A rare disease in humans, familial hyperlysinemia, can be caused by very low LKR activity and, as expected, reduces the lysine "requirement" of ...
Handle:
10113/55672