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- Author:
- Failla, Mark L.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1443S-1447S
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- cell biology; copper; cost effectiveness; dietary mineral supplements; early development; immunocompetence; infectious diseases; iron; molecular genetics; risk; trace element deficiencies; zinc
- Abstract:
- ... Although it is widely recognized that essential trace elements are required for the differentiation, activation and performance of numerous functions of immune cells, the specific roles of these inorganic micronutrients in these processes remain largely undefined. New insights about the participation of zinc, iron and copper in the selection, maturation and early activation events of the immune ce ...
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- Author:
- Marletta, Michael A.; Spiering, Michelle M.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1431S-1433S
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- biosynthesis; blood; citrulline; cyclic GMP; guanosine triphosphate; guanylate cyclase; homeostasis; immune system; mammals; nitric oxide; nitric oxide synthase; receptors; signal transduction; toxicity; trace elements
- Abstract:
- ... Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged over the last 15 y as a mammalian metabolic intermediate that is involved in the regulation of critical physiological functions such as blood vessel homeostasis, neuronal transmission and host response to infection. NO is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, which converts the amino acid l-arginine to citrulline and NO. NO functions in biological systems i ...
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- Author:
- Graham, Robin D.; Stangoulis, James C.R.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1502S-1505S
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- Magnoliopsida; active sites; adsorption; biosphere; chelation; extrusion; genes; grains; heavy metals; hydrogen; ion channels; ions; iron; mammals; nutrient uptake; pH; phloem; phytic acid; phytosiderophores; plasma membrane; sap; seeds; thermodynamics; zinc
- Abstract:
- ... There are similarities between mammals and plants in the absorption and transport of trace elements. The chemistry of trace element uptake from food sources in both cases is based on the thermodynamics of adsorption on charged solid surfaces embedded in a solution phase of charged ions and metal-binding ligands together with redox systems in the case of iron and some other elements. Constitutive a ...
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- Author:
- Hambidge, Michael
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1438S-1442S
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- bioavailability; corn; developing countries; excretion; homeostasis; humans; isotopes; metabolic studies; phytic acid; test meals; zinc
- Abstract:
- ... Three selected aspects of human zinc homeostasis and requirements are reviewed with special reference to studies undertaken by the author and his colleagues: 1) the implications for the calculation of physiologic requirements for zinc of the interrelationship between two key variables of zinc homeostasis, intestinal excretion of endogenous zinc and total absorbed zinc, are examined at levels of ab ...
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- Author:
- Hou, Chunsheng; Wykes, Linda J.; Hoffer, L. John
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.3 pp. 766-772
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- diet; energy; excretion; intravenous injection; metabolism; methionine; nitrogen; piglets; sulfur
- Abstract:
- ... We evaluated the use of urinary sulfur (S) excretion as a measure of sulfur amino acid (SAA) catabolism and the nitrogen/sulfur (N/S) molar balance ratio as an indicator of nonprotein SAA storage in growing piglets. After confirming that an intravenous dose of sulfate is fully recovered in urinary sulfate, we measured urinary S recovery after an intravenous dose of methionine in 6 piglets fed an a ...
- PubMed:
- 12612150
-
- Author:
- Bingham, Sheila A.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.3 pp. 921S-924S
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- biomarkers; dietary protein; nitrogen; protein intake; urine
- Abstract:
- ... When validated for completeness, 24-h urine nitrogen obtained from repeated 24-h urine collections has provided useful insights into the validity of dietary assessments, underreporting behaviors and the structure of measurement errors that are associated with different methods. This is particularly so when nitrogen is combined with another marker in 24-h urine samples, potassium. Although the coll ...
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- Author:
- Davis, Cindy D.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.6 pp. 1769-1772
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- DNA damage; DNA methylation; bioactive properties; blood serum; gene expression regulation; genetic polymorphism; nutrients; nutritional intervention; prediction; protein synthesis; risk
- Abstract:
- ... A host of bioactive food components have been proposed to promote health and reduce the risk of disease states. It is clear that not all individuals respond identically to these essential and nonessential food components. Genetic polymorphisms may influence absorption, metabolism and accumulation of bioactive food components, thereby influencing their actions in target tissues. Unfortunately, seru ...
- PubMed:
- 12771314
-
- Author:
- Ribeiro-Alves, Mirna A.; Trugo, Luiz C.; Donangelo, Carmen M.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.2 pp. 393-398
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- adults; body weight; caffeine; calcium; coffee (beverage); cross-over studies; excretion; magnesium; metabolites; minerals; oral contraceptives; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; steroid hormones; steroid metabolism; women; zinc
- Abstract:
- ... Caffeine consumption increases the urinary excretion of calcium and other minerals. Factors that affect caffeine metabolism such as steroid hormones may modify this effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral contraceptive (OC) use on the 4-h urinary excretion of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, sodium, potassium and caffeine metabolites in response to a high caffe ...
- PubMed:
- 12566473
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- Author:
- Wu, Kana; Schwartz, Steven J.; Platz, Elizabeth A.; Clinton, Steven K.; Erdman, John W. Jr.; Ferruzzi, Mario G.; Willett, Walter C.; Giovannucci, Edward L.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.6 pp. 1930-1936
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- blood; cardiovascular diseases; chronic exposure; correlation; eating habits; epidemiological studies; health care workers; high performance liquid chromatography; isomers; lycopene; men; neoplasms; pathogenesis; risk; tomato products; United States
- Abstract:
- ... Epidemiologic and laboratory studies suggest a possible role for tomato products, a rich source of the carotenoid lycopene, in the prevention of certain cancers and cardiovascular disease. Lycopene is consumed primarily as the all-trans-isomer, but the majority of lycopene in blood and tissue exists as a variety of cis-isomers. Specific isomers may be involved in different biological reactions, an ...
- PubMed:
- 12771341
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- Author:
- Li, Ting; Molteni, Agostino; Latkovich, Predrag; Castelani, William; Baybutt, Richard C.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.8 pp. 2629-2634
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- cigarettes; diet; epithelium; hyperplasia; liver; metaplasia; pneumonia; rats; vacuoles; vitamin A; vitamin deficiencies; weanlings
- Abstract:
- ... We showed previously that vitamin A deficiency per se causes emphysema. Benzo(a)pyrene, a constituent in cigarette smoke, induces vitamin A depletion when administered to rats; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoke induces vitamin A depletion, which is associated with the development of emphysema. Male weanling rats were fed a purified AIN-93G diet and divided into two groups. T ...
- PubMed:
- 12888649
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- Author:
- Dhonukshe-Rutten, Rosalie A. M.; Lips, Martine; Jong, Nynke de; Paw, Marijke J.M. Chin A .; Hiddink, Gerrit J.; Dusseldorp, Marijke van; Groot, Lisette C.P.G.M. de; Staveren, Wija A. van
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.3 pp. 801-807
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- X-radiation; bone density; calcium; confidence interval; elderly; energy intake; homocysteine; men; methylmalonic acid; mineral content; osteoporosis; parathyroid hormone; variance; vitamin B12; vitamin D; women
- Abstract:
- ... Subclinical vitamin B-12 deficiency is common in the elderly. Encouraged by early indications, we investigated the plasma vitamin B-12 status in association with bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in frail elderly people. Data of 194 free-living Dutch frail elderly (143 women and 51 men) were available. BMC and BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray analysis. Biochemical ana ...
- PubMed:
- 12612156
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- Author:
- Song, Yurong; Kato, Shigeaki; Fleet, James C.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.2 pp. 374-380
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- bone formation; calbindin; calcitriol; calcium; calcium channels; diet; gene expression; insulin-like growth factor I; intestinal absorption; messenger RNA; mice; osteomalacia; parathyroid hormone
- Abstract:
- ... To study the role of calbindin D9k (CaBP) and epithelial calcium channel ECaC2 in intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption, vitamin D receptor knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed either 0.5% Ca or a 2.0% Ca rescue diet starting at 21 d of age. Ca absorption and parameters involved in this process were measured at 60 or 90 d of age. Compared with WT, KO mice fed the 0.5% Ca diet had higher pla ...
- PubMed:
- 12566470
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- Author:
- Chung, Heekyung; Wu, Dayong; Han, Sung Nim; Gay, Raina; Goldin, Barry; Bronson, Roderick E.; Mason, Joel B.; Smith, Donald E.; Meydani, Simin Nikbin
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.2 pp. 528-532
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- alpha-tocopherol; azoxymethane; biomarkers; carcinogenesis; cell proliferation; colon; colorectal neoplasms; dietary supplements; elderly; etiology; free radicals; interferon-gamma; mice; oxygen; risk; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- Abstract:
- ... Vitamin E, part of the body’s primary lipid-soluble defense against free radicals and reactive oxygen molecules, has been suggested to reduce the risk for some cancers. However, the role of vitamin E in the etiology and prevention of colon cancer, especially in the highest risk group, the aged, is not clear. Thus, this study was conducted to elucidate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on sus ...
- PubMed:
- 12566495
-
- Author:
- Marion, Julia; Romé, Véronique; Savary, Gérard; Thomas, Françoise; Le Dividich, Jean; Le Huërou-Luron, Isabelle
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.2 pp. 362-368
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- cholecystokinin; dried foods; enzyme activity; feed intake; food intake; gastrins; gene expression; genes; messenger RNA; pancreas; piglets; trypsin; weaning
- Abstract:
- ... We investigated the changes in the capacity for synthesis of the exocrine pancreas of piglets during the 2 wk after weaning at 7 d of age (trial 1) by measuring the expression of digestive enzymes at mRNA and activity levels in pancreas homogenates, and the effects of high and low feed intakes during the 1st wk postweaning (trial 2) on these measures. The trypsin mRNA level was transiently decreas ...
- PubMed:
- 12566468
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- Author:
- Kanchuk, Marc L.; Backus, Robert C.; Calvert, Christopher C.; Morris, James G.; Rogers, Quinton R.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.6 pp. 1866-1874
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- adiposity; adults; body condition; cats; energy expenditure; energy intake; food intake; glucose; insulin; leptin; lipoprotein lipase; lipoproteins; obesity; triacylglycerols; weight gain
- Abstract:
- ... Gonadectomy predisposes domestic cats to undesired body weight gain and obesity. The disturbance responsible for this disregulation of energy balance has not been clearly identified. Energy intake and expenditure, body composition and plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin, glucose and triacylglycerol were determined during a 36-wk period in adult male (2-5 y) gonadectomized (n = 8) and intact ( ...
- PubMed:
- 12771331
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- Author:
- Ibs, Klaus-Helge; Rink, Lothar
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1452S-1456S
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- T-lymphocytes; apoptosis; chemotaxis; cytotoxicity; granulocytes; humans; interferon-gamma; interleukins; monocytes; natural killer cells; patients; phagocytosis; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; zinc
- Abstract:
- ... Zinc is known to be essential for all highly proliferating cells in the human body, especially the immune system. A variety of in vivo and in vitro effects of zinc on immune cells mainly depend on the zinc concentration. All kinds of immune cells show decreased function after zinc depletion. In monocytes, all functions are impaired, whereas in natural killer cells, cytotoxicity is decreased, and i ...
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- Author:
- Ho, Emily; Courtemanche, Chantal; Ames, Bruce N.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.8 pp. 2543-2548
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- DNA; DNA damage; DNA repair; Western blotting; chelating agents; electron transfer; enzymes; fibroblasts; fluorescence; gene expression regulation; genes; humans; microarray technology; nutrition; oxidative stress; protein synthesis; proteins; risk factors; zinc; United States
- Abstract:
- ... Poor zinc nutrition may be an important risk factor in oxidant release and the development of DNA damage and cancer. Approximately 10% of the United States population ingests <50% of the recommended daily allowance for zinc, a cofactor in proteins involved in antioxidant defenses, electron transport, DNA repair and p53 protein expression. This study examined the effects of zinc deficiency on oxida ...
- PubMed:
- 12888634
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- Author:
- Black, Robert E.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1485S-1489S
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- children; confidence interval; death; diarrhea; food and nutrition programs; infants; infectious diseases; malaria; mortality; pneumonia; randomized clinical trials; risk; risk estimate; small for gestational age; zinc; India
- Abstract:
- ... Zinc deficiency places children in many low-income countries at increased risk of illness and death from infectious diseases. Randomized controlled trials of zinc supplementation provide the best estimate of this risk through demonstrated preventive benefits. In six of nine trials that evaluated prevention of diarrhea, significantly lower incidence of diarrhea occurred in the zinc group than in th ...
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- Author:
- Castillo-Durán, Carlos; Weisstaub, Gerardo
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1494S-1497S
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- animal models; bioavailability; children; compensatory growth; compliance; developed countries; diarrhea; diet; fetal development; gestation period; humans; infants; low birth weight; mortality; nutrient deficiencies; pregnancy; pregnant women; risk; small for gestational age; zinc
- Abstract:
- ... Zinc deficiency limits growth in young children, and in animal models it also affects fetal growth. In animals, the effect of severe zinc deficiency on growth is evident. However, controlled trials of zinc supplementation during pregnancy in humans have not demonstrated consistent effects on weight at birth and/or duration of gestation. Those studies that have identified a positive effect of zinc ...
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- Author:
- Liuzzi, Juan P.; Bobo, Jeffrey A.; Cui, Li; McMahon, Robert J.; Cousins, Robert J.
- Source:
- Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.2 pp. 342-351
- ISSN:
- 0022-3166
- Subject:
- Western blotting; enterocytes; fetus; gene expression regulation; immunohistochemistry; lactation; liver; mammary glands; maternal nutrition; metabolism; microvilli; neonates; parturition; placenta; pregnancy; rats; small intestine; transporters; zinc
- Abstract:
- ... Zinc metabolism is controlled within relatively restricted limits throughout the life cycle. Expression and localization of zinc transporters 1, 2 and 4 during pregnancy and lactation in small intestine, mammary gland and liver of the rat were investigated using Northern analysis, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In maternal tissues, zinc transporter 4 was the most widely expressed among ...
- PubMed:
- 12566465
-