PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Journal Journal of nutrition Remove constraint Journal: Journal of nutrition Publication Year 2003 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2003
Start Over

Search

260  Search Results

« Previous | 1 - 20 of 260 |
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. Stearic acid absorption and its metabolizable energy value are minimally lower than those of other fatty acids in healthy men fed mixed diets

Author:
Baer, D.J.; Judd, J.T.; Kris-Etherton, P.M.; Zhao, G.; Emken, E.A.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.12 pp. 4129
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
human nutrition; men; experimental diets; dietary fat; dietary nutrient sources; fatty acids; stearic acid; trans fatty acids; oleic acid; saturated fatty acids; food intake; nutrient availability; fat intake; intestinal absorption; metabolizable energy; feces
Abstract:
... Compared with other saturated fatty acids, stearic acid appears to have different metabolic effects with respect to its impact on risk for cardiovascular disease. These differences may in part reflect biologically important differences in absorption. This study was designed to compare the absorption and the metabolizable energy value of stearic acid with other fatty acids from mixed diets fed to h ...
Handle:
10113/25909
PubMed:
14652360

2. Bioavailability of elemental iron powders to rats is less than bakery-grade ferrous sulfate and predicted by iron solubility and particle surface area

Author:
Swain, James H.; Newman, Samuel M.; Hunt, Janet R.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.11 pp. 3546
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
baked goods; fortified foods; ferrous sulfate; dietary minerals; structure-activity relationships; nutrient availability; iron absorption; food fortification; rats; animal models; heme iron; hemoglobin; iron; water solubility; physicochemical properties
Abstract:
... Foods are fortified with elemental forms of iron to reduce iron deficiency. However, the nutritional efficacy of current, commercially produced elemental iron powders has not been verified. We determined the bioavailability of six commercial elemental iron powders and examined how physicochemistry influences bioavailability. Relative biological value (RBV) of the iron powders was determined using ...
Handle:
10113/46505
PubMed:
14608072

3. Dietary Boron Decreases Peak Pancreatic In Situ Insulin Release in Chicks and Plasma Insulin Concentrations in Rats Regardless of Vitamin D or Magnesium Status

Author:
Bakken, Naomi A.; Hunt, Curtiss D.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.11 pp. 3577
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
dietary minerals; boron; vitamin D; nutrient deficiencies; adverse effects; hyperinsulinemia; vitamin deficiencies; hormone metabolism; insulin; chicks; rats; animal models; nutrition-genotype interaction; insulin secretion; pancreas; magnesium; nutritional status
Abstract:
... Because dietary boron deprivation induces hyperinsulinemia in vitamin D–deprived rats, the influence of dietary boron on insulin metabolism as modified by nutritional stressors was examined in two animal models. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to each of four (Experiment 1) or 8 (Experiment 2) dietary groups for 35 d: the basal diet (< 0.2 mg B; <1.0 mg Mg/kg) was supplemented with ...
Handle:
10113/46506
PubMed:
14608076

4. Dietary Selenium Intake Modulates Thyroid Hormone and Energy Metabolism in Men

Author:
Hawkes, W.C.; Keim, N.L.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.11 pp. 3443
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
selenium; nutrient intake; dietary minerals; triiodothyronine; energy metabolism; thyrotropin; weight gain; weight loss; hypothyroidism; blood lipids; triacylglycerols; humans
Abstract:
... Most studies of selenium and thyroid hormone have used sodium selenite in rats. However, rats regulate thyroid hormone differently, and selenite, which has unique pharmacologic activities, does not occur in foods. We hypothesized that selenium in food would have different effects in humans. Healthy men were fed foods naturally high or low in selenium for 120 d while confined to a metabolic researc ...
Handle:
10113/8905
PubMed:
14608056

5. Two Women Who Contributed to Early Vitamin and Mineral Research: Mary Swartz Rose and Helen T. Parsons

Author:
Hunt, Janet R.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.11 pp. 3686–3689
ISSN:
1541-6100
Subject:
nutritionists; nutrition science; nutrition research; women; vitamins; dietary minerals; food research; history; homes and home furnishings
Handle:
10113/46249

6. Black Tea Consumption Reduces Total and LDL Cholesterol in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Adults

Author:
Davies, Michael J.; Judd, Joseph T.; Baer, David J.; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Paul, David R.; Edwards, Alison J.; Wiseman, Shelia A.; Muesing, Richard A.; Chen, Shirley C.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.10 pp. 3298S–3302S
ISSN:
1541-6100
Subject:
black tea; food intake; cholesteremic effect; cholesterol; low density lipoprotein; blood lipids; antioxidants; hypercholesterolemia; humans; adults
Abstract:
... Despite epidemiological evidence that tea consumption is associated with the reduced risk of coronary heart disease, experimental studies designed to show that tea affects oxidative stress or blood cholesterol concentration have been unsuccessful. We assessed the effects of black tea consumption on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults. Tea and other beverages ...
Handle:
10113/48390

7. Total fumonisins are reduced in tortillas using the traditional nixtamalization method of Mayan communities

Author:
Palencia, Edwin; Torres, Olga; Hagler, Winston; Meredith, Filmore I.; Williams, Lonnie D.; Riley, Ronald T.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.10 pp. 3200
ISSN:
1541-6100
Subject:
corn; nixtamalization; traditional technology; fumonisin B1; fumonisin B2; fumonisin B3; detoxification (processing); tortillas; food contamination; masa; Guatemala
Abstract:
... Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a maize mycotoxin. In tortilla preparation, maize is treated with lime (nixtamalization), producing hydrolyzed FB1 (HFB1) due to loss of the tricarballylic acid side chains. This study determined the following: 1) whether nixtamalization by Mayan communities reduces total fumonisins, and 2) the steps in the process at which reduction occurs. Tortillas prepared by the traditio ...
Handle:
10113/48160

8. Dietary Folate and Selenium Affect Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Aberrant Crypt Formation, Global DNA Methylation and One-Carbon Metabolism in Rats

Author:
Davis, Cindy D.; Uthus, Eric O.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.9 pp. 2907
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
dietary minerals; vitamin supplements; folic acid; selenium; oxidative stress; antioxidant activity; DNA methylation; carcinogenesis; vitamin deficiencies; DNA damage; nutrient-nutrient interactions; weanlings; rats; animal models; chromosome aberrations; methyltransferases; betaine; homocysteine; glutathione
Abstract:
... Several observations suggest a role for DNA methylation in cancer pathogenesis. Although both selenium and folate deficiency have been shown to cause global DNA hypomethylation and increased cancer susceptibility, the nutrients have different effects on one-carbon metabolism. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive effects of dietary selenium and folate. Weanling, Fische ...
Handle:
10113/46758
PubMed:
12949386

9. Dietary Manganese Intake and Type of Lipid Do Not Affect Clinical or Neuropsychological Measures in Healthy Young Women

Author:
Finley, John W.; Penland, James G.; Pettit, Ross E.; Davis, Cindy D.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.9 pp. 2849
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
dietary minerals; manganese; dietary mineral supplements; women; young adults; mineral metabolism; intestinal absorption; nutrient excess; toxicity; neurophysiology; neuroprotective effect; lipolysis; diet; dietary energy sources; dietary nutrient sources; cocoa butter; corn oil; dietary fat; psychology; nutrient deficiencies
Abstract:
... Because manganese (Mn) is potentially toxic, and because dietary fat type may affect Mn absorption, the objectives of the current study were to determine whether diets containing very low or very high amounts of Mn and enriched in either saturated or unsaturated fats affected measures of neuropsychological and basic metabolic function. Healthy young women were fed for 8 wk each, in a crossover des ...
Handle:
10113/46933
PubMed:
12949376

10. Thioredoxin Reductase in Human Hepatoma Cells Is Transcriptionally Regulated by Sulforaphane and Other Electrophiles via an Antioxidant Response Element

Author:
Hintze, Korry J.; Wald, Karl A.; Zeng, Huawei; Jeffery, Elizabeth H.; Finley, John W.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.9 pp. 2721
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
hepatoma; human diseases; human cell lines; antioxidants; dietary nutrient sources; broccoli; nutrient-nutrient interactions; anticarcinogenic activity; sigma factors; antioxidant activity; luciferase; enzyme activity; reporter genes; synergism; transcription factors; selenium; organic sulfur compounds; seleno amino acids; nutritional intervention; glutathione-disulfide reductase
Abstract:
... We previously reported the in vitro and in vivo induction of thioredoxin reductase (TR) by sulforaphane (SF) purified from broccoli. The present study was designed to determine whether this induction is mediated by putative antioxidant response elements (ARE) found in the promoter. Luciferase reporter constructs were built using the TR promoter sequence. Sulforaphane, tert-butylhydroquinone and ss ...
Handle:
10113/46862
PubMed:
12949356

11. Down-Regulation of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Gene Expression Occurs during Cell Cycle Arrest Induced by Human Fecal Water in Colonic HT-29 Cells

Author:
Zeng, Huawei; Davis, Cindy D.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.8 pp. 2682–2687
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
proliferating cell nuclear antigen; gene expression regulation; cell cycle; colorectal neoplasms; cultured cells; human health; feces composition; cell growth; human diseases
Abstract:
... Cancer is a disease in which the cell cycle is altered, and the elucidation of the mechanisms by which constituents of human fecal water influence the cell cycle can lead to noninvasive measurement of colon cancer risk. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of human fecal water on HT-29 cell-cycle progression with sodium selenite as a reference for comparison. Both human f ...
Handle:
10113/46123

12. Amino Acid Pharmacokinetics and Safety Assessment

Author:
Bier, Dennis M.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.6S-I pp. 2034S-2039S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
amino acid metabolism; amino acids; pharmacokinetics; protein intake; safety assessment; toxicology
Abstract:
... Tracer kinetic studies of amino acid metabolism during periods of high amino acid intake should allow insights into adaptive or maladaptive regulatory mechanisms controlling amino acid catabolic or disposal events before clinically evident effects. The principles of amino acid tracer kinetics have been well defined, but their application to establishing upper safe intake levels has been essentiall ...

13. Assessing Micronutrient Status in the Presence of Inflammation

Author:
Tomkins, Andrew
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1649S-1655S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
acute phase proteins; ferritin; inflammation; transferrin receptors; vitamin A
Abstract:
... Measurement of micronutrient status in the presence of inflammation is difficult for several reasons. Changes in levels of acute phase proteins are associated with increased plasma levels of some indicators of micronutrient status, such as ferritin, and decrease of others, such as retinol. Alterations in the plasma levels of acute phase proteins can occur from hemodilution, sequestration and incre ...

14. Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Use and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Implications for Micronutrient Supplementation

Author:
Cogswell, Mary E.; Weisberg, Pamela; Spong, Catherine
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1722S-1731S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
Recommended Dietary Allowances; alcohol abuse; alcohol drinking; ascorbic acid; beta-carotene; blood serum; cadmium; energy intake; fetal development; folic acid; food intake; health services; heavy metals; humans; iron; liver; metabolism; nutrient content; nutrient deficiencies; pregnancy outcome; pregnant women; pyridoxine; smoking (habit); vitamin A; vitamin B12; zinc
Abstract:
... This literature review examines whether smoking or alcohol use during pregnancy increases maternal micronutrient requirements and whether smoking or alcohol use interacts with micronutrient deficiencies to affect pregnancy outcomes. Studies suggest that vitamin C requirements increase for pregnant smokers. Studies also indicate that β-carotene, vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6 and folate concentrations a ...

15. Concentrations of Choline-Containing Compounds and Betaine in Common Foods

Author:
Zeisel, Steven H.; Mar, Mei-Heng; Howe, Juliette C.; Holden, Joanne M.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1302
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
livers as food; beef; chicken meat; eggs; wheat germ; bacon; soybeans; pork; spinach; wheat bran; choline; shrimp; snacks; dietary nutrient sources; quantitative analysis; reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; Adequate Intakes; betaine; epidemiological studies; folic acid; phosphatidylcholines
Abstract:
... Choline is important for normal membrane function, acetylcholine synthesis and methyl group metabolism; the choline requirement for humans is 550 mg/d for men (Adequate Intake). Betaine, a choline derivative, is important because of its role in the donation of methyl groups to homocysteine to form methionine. In tissues and foods, there are multiple choline compounds that contribute to total choli ...
Handle:
10113/38734
PubMed:
12730414

16. Gestational Diabetes and Insulin Resistance: Role in Short- and Long-Term Implications for Mother and Fetus

Author:
Catalano, Patrick M.; Kirwan, John P.; Haugel-De Mouzon, Sylvie; King, Janet
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1674S-1683S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
adipose tissue; adiposity; adolescents; adults; energy expenditure; epidemiological studies; fetal development; fetus; gestational diabetes; glucose; health effects assessments; insulin; insulin resistance; lipids; low birth weight; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; nutrient availability; obesity; pathophysiology; pregnancy; progeny; protein metabolism; women; Europe; United States
Abstract:
... Gestational diabetes and obesity are the common metabolic abnormalities occurring during pregnancy. Decreased maternal pregravid insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance) coupled with an inadequate insulin response are the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of gestational diabetes. Insulin-regulated carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism are all affected to a variable degr ...

17. Infection-Related Morbidities in the Mother, Fetus and Neonate

Author:
Bergström, Staffan
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1656S-1660S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
amniotic fluid; anemia; cervix; defense mechanisms; developed countries; developing countries; extraembryonic membranes; female genitalia; fetus; growth retardation; immunocompetence; morbidity; neonates; nervous system diseases; nutrient deficiencies; placenta; pregnancy; premature birth; respiratory tract diseases; septicemia; vagina
Abstract:
... Only partially understood host defense mechanisms operate against infections affecting maternal and fetal morbidity. Subclinical ascending infections through the lower female genital tract are predominant worldwide. Important micronutrient deficiencies may prevail in low-income countries where these infections are much more common than in high-income countries. Important morbidities related to poo ...

18. Iron and Oxidative Stress in Pregnancy

Author:
Casanueva, Esther; Viteri, Fernando E.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1700S-1708S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
antioxidants; copper; diabetes; fetus; free radicals; hypertension; insulin resistance; intestines; iron; low birth weight; mitochondria; nutrient deficiencies; nutrition risk assessment; oxidative stress; placenta; pregnancy; premature birth; rats; women; Mexico
Abstract:
... Pregnancy, mostly because of the mitochondria-rich placenta, is a condition that favors oxidative stress. Transitional metals, especially iron, which is particularly abundant in the placenta, are important in the production of free radicals. Protective mechanisms against free radical generation and damage increase throughout pregnancy and protect the fetus, which, however, is subjected to a degree ...

19. Micronutrients and Fetal Growth

Author:
Fall, Caroline H.D.; Yajnik, Chittaranjan S.; Rao, Shobha; Davies, Anna A.; Brown, Nick; Farrant, Hannah J.W.
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1747S-1756S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
at-risk population; birth weight; body composition; developing countries; diet; fetal death; fetal development; fetus; foods; growth retardation; infants; malnutrition; maternal nutrition; metabolism; mothers; nutrient deficiencies; nutritional adequacy; pregnancy; progeny; randomized clinical trials; tissues; Tanzania
Abstract:
... Fetal undernutrition affects large numbers of infants in developing countries, with adverse consequences for their immediate survival and lifelong health. It manifests as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), defined as birth weight <10th percentile, which probably underestimates the number failing to achieve full growth potential. Birth weight is a crude measure of the dynamic process of fetal ...

20. Micronutrients and Intrauterine Infection, Preterm Birth and the Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Author:
Romero, Roberto; Chaiworapongsa, Tinnakorn; Espinoza, Jimmy
Source:
Journal of nutrition 2003 v.133 no.5 pp. 1668S-1673S
ISSN:
0022-3166
Subject:
ascorbic acid; bronchopulmonary dysplasia; cerebral palsy; inflammation; microbiology; morbidity; mortality; mothers; pathophysiology; premature birth
Abstract:
... Prematurity is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Intrauterine infection has emerged as a major cause of premature labor and delivery. It has been estimated that 25% of all preterm deliveries occur to mothers who have microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, although these infections are mostly subclinical in nature. This article describes the pathways leading to i ...