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1. Genetic Differentiation Among the Breeding Areas of the Spotted Seal, Phoca largha, Around Hokkaido, Japan

Author:
Azuma, Noriko; Negishi, Rena; Kobayashi, Mari
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 77-83
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Phoca largha; breeding sites; cytochrome b; genes; genetic variation; haplotypes; mitochondria; mitochondrial genome; population structure; Japan
Abstract:
... We investigated the population structure of the spotted seal, Phoca largha, around Hokkaido, Japan, inferred from sequence variations of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Twenty-six haplotypes were identified in 52 individuals, and 21 of them were newly found in the present study. To detect population structure, samples were divided into three groups—Mamiya, Okhotsk, and Habomai—based on breedi ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0039

2. Geographic Skull Variation of the Japanese Weasel, Mustela itatsi in Islands Adjacent to Southern Kyushu

Author:
Suzuki, Satoshi; Matsumoto, Mitsuharu
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 27-39
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Mustela; islands; multivariate analysis; skull; Japan
Abstract:
... Skull morphology of Mustela itatsi from two islands adjacent to Kyushu, Kamikoshikijima and Yakushima Isls., Kagoshima Prefecture were compared with populations from mainland Japan. Although size and shape variation of these island populations were within whole species range of variation, the size variation was less than that of some mainland populations. In contrast, canonical variate analysis sh ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0023

3. Mitochondrial DNA Analyses of Invasive Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in the Boso Peninsula, Japan

Author:
Yoshida, Kazuya; Hirose, Miki; Hasegawa, Masami; Inoue, Eiji
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 71-76
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Procyon lotor; ecological invasion; females; genetic analysis; genetic background; genetic markers; genetic variation; haplotypes; invasive species; landscapes; mammals; mitochondria; mitochondrial DNA; single nucleotide polymorphism; Central America; Japan
Abstract:
... Ecological genetic analyses have recently been applied to the field of biological invasions to describe the genetic background of the invasive species. The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a medium-sized mammal that is native to North and Central America and has been naturalized into several countries worldwide. In the Boso Peninsula, Japan, raccoons were estimated to have been introduced during the 199 ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0030

4. Dietary Overlap But Spatial Gap between Sympatric Japanese Serow (Capricornis crispus) and Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) on Eastern Shikoku, Japan

Author:
Yamashiro, Asuka; Kaneshiro, Yoshinori; Kawaguchi, Yoichi; Yamashiro, Tadashi
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.4 pp. 261-267
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Capricornis; Cervus nippon; altitude; cameras; grasslands; habitats; sympatry; temperate zones; topographic slope; ungulates; Japan
Abstract:
... Spatial separation and dietary differences may allow the coexistence of similar sized ungulate species. Over the past two decades, populations of the sika deer (Cervus nippon) have increased markedly and overlapped with the habitats of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus). Recently, the Japanese serow population has declined and shifted its habitat from higher to lower altitudes in Shikoku, Ja ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0072

5. Aneuploid Chromosome Constitutions of the Small Japanese Field Mouse, Apodemus argenteus, in the Western Mountainous Area of Kanagawa Prefecture, Honshu, Japan

Author:
Myoshu, Hikari; Iwasa, Masahiro A.
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.4 pp. 283-288
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus argenteus; B chromosomes; X chromosome; aneuploidy; females; fluorescence; karyotyping; mice; mountains; quinacrine; staining; Japan
Abstract:
... We studied an occurrence of chromosomal aneuploidy for ten individuals in the small Japanese field mouse, Apodemus argenteus, from the western mountainous area of Kanagawa Prefecture, Honshu, Japan. Eight of the individuals examined showed the standard 2n = 46 and FNa = 48 constitutions as the most frequent karyotype. However, of those eight individuals, seven carried an inter-cellular mosaicism w ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0002

6. Rediscovery of Otters on the Tsushima Islands, Japan by Trail Cameras

Author:
Nakanishi, Nozomi; Izawa, Masako
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.3 pp. 215-220
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus; cameras; habitats; islands; sago; Japan; Korean Peninsula
Abstract:
... Otters are thought to be extinct in Japan, although they were widely distributed there until the early 20th century. Records of otters on Tsushima Islands, located between Kyushu and the Korean Peninsula, were found only in two sources from about 1735 and 1809, and there has been no evidence of their existence since the middle of 19th century until now. We set infrared trail cameras to monitor the ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0043

7. Dental Microwear Texture Analysis in Two Ruminants, Japanese Serow (Capricornis crispus) and Sika Deer (Cervus nippon), from Central Japan

Author:
Aiba, Konoka; Miura, Shingo; Kubo, Mugino O.
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.3 pp. 183-192
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Capricornis; Cervus nippon; browsing; deer; diet; foraging; graminoids; grazing; herbivores; interspecific variation; surface roughness; sympatry; texture; Japan
Abstract:
... Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) can be used to quantitatively evaluate tooth surface roughness and has been used to distinguish herbivorous ungulates according to interspecific dietary differences among grazers, browsers, and mixed feeders. Moreover, DMTA has been applied among local populations with intraspecific dietary variation. In general, the tooth surfaces of grazing species/popula ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0081

8. Contrasting Effect of Artificial Grasslands on the Intensity of Deer Browsing and Debarking in Forests

Author:
Takarabe, Kanoko; Iijima, Hayato
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.3 pp. 173-181
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; browsing; debarking; deer; environmental factors; foraging; forests; herbivores; keystone species; landscapes; meadows; pastures; probability; trees; understory; Japan
Abstract:
... Deer can strongly affect other species as a keystone species. The intensity of their herbivory impact on forest vegetation is suggested to be affected by not only deer density but also by other environmental factors such as landscape components. Especially, artificial grasslands such as pastures and meadows possibility affect deer impact on forest vegetation by altering deer foraging behavior. The ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0082

9. Genetic Structure of the Ryukyu Wild Boar Population on Tokunoshima Island (Japan) Based on Modern and Ancient DNA Analyses: Evidence of Recent Gene Flow from Pigs to Wild Boars

Author:
Takahashi, Ryohei; Gushiken, Ryo; Nagata, Ken; Shinzato, Akito; Kantha, Sachi Sri; Yasuda, Mirai
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.3 pp. 157-171
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Sus scrofa; alleles; archaeology; gene flow; genetic similarity; genetic structure; haplotypes; mitochondrial DNA; pseudogenes; swine; wild boars; Japan
Abstract:
... We investigated the genetic structure among populations of the Ryukyu wild boar (Sus scrofa riukiuanus) on Tokunoshima Island by analyzing DNA from modern and archaeological samples. Four and two mtDNA haplotypes were found in the modern and archaeological samples, respectively. One haplotype was shared between the modern and archaeological samples. Of the seven haplotypes, four were only found on ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0046

10. Non-Invasive Age Estimation by Cranial Suture Closure in Japanese Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)

Author:
Oh, Jinwoo; Minami, Masato; Ikeda, Suzuna; Takatsuki, Seiki; Oonishi, Nobumasa; Higuchi, Naoko; Okada, Ayumi; Kimura, Junpei; Koyabu, Daisuke
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.3 pp. 147-155
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; age determination; Japan
Abstract:
... Although counting cementum annuli of lower incisor is a reliable method for age estimation in cervids, it inevitably involves the destruction of specimens. Here we studied the relationship between cranial suture closure patterns and age to test the possibility of cranial suture closure as a non-destructive age indicator in sika deer (Cervus nippon) specimens from Kinkazan Island, Japan, for which ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0065

11. Seed Feeding Behavior of Diplothrix legata (Muridae: Rodentia): Effects on Germination of Five Plants in Okinawajima Island, Japan

Author:
Nago, Reina; Kobayashi, Shun; Kinjo, Teruo; Ogimi, Kozue; Sinjo, Akari; Namisato, Shinobu; Futamatagawa, Anna; Higa, Genwa; Izawa, Masako
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.2 pp. 129-134
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Actinidia; Ficus erecta; Melastoma candidum; Muridae; Prunus campanulata; Zinnia; excretion; feces; feeding behavior; fruits; germination; granivores; rats; raw fruit; seeds; Japan
Abstract:
... This study examined how seed feeding by the Ryukyu long-furred rat Diplothrix legata affects germination of five plants (Cerasus campanulata, Actinidia rufa, Ficus erecta, Oreocnide pedunculata, and Melastoma candidum) in Okinawajima Island, Japan. The germination rates of seeds from fresh fruit and fecal pellets of two captive rats, as well as the feeding behaviors, were observed. Most of C. camp ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0049

12. Population Genetic Study of the Lesser Japanese Mole Mogera imaizumii using Novel Microsatellite Markers with Special Reference to Sex-Biased Dispersal

Author:
Satoh, Shin S.; Murata, Chie; Yoshida, Kenji; Shibata, Kiyotaka; Tamate, Hidetoshi B.
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.2 pp. 91-97
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
females; genetic analysis; genetic markers; genetic relationships; genetic variation; inbreeding; males; moles; population structure; radio telemetry; Japan
Abstract:
... Sex-biased dispersal (SBD) is usually accounted for by the consequences of resource competition, inbreeding avoidance, and breeding competition. Although SBD has been reported in many mammalian species, little is known about it in subterranean species, like moles, whose dispersal from a natal place cannot be easily studied using conventional methods such as direct observations and radio-telemetry. ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0031

13. How Does the Japanese Water Shrew Chimarrogale platycephalus Cross the Concrete Walls of Check Dams?

Author:
Saito, Hiroaki; Hashimoto, Hiroshi; Hino, Teruaki; Motokawa, Masaharu
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.1 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
concrete; dams (hydrology); rivers; sediments; shrews; streams; surveys; Japan
Abstract:
... The concrete walls of check dams are considered a physical barrier for aquatic and semiaquatic animals that inhabit mountain streams. Traveling behaviors around concrete check dams by the Japanese water shrew Chimarrogale platycephalus, a semi-aquatic mammal, were directly observed via radio-tracking in Kamikoshi Stream in central Honshu, Japan. Traveling behaviors were mainly observed on the wet ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2017-0056

14. Hybridization between Native and Introduced Individuals of Sika Deer in the Central Part of Toyama Prefecture

Author:
Eva, Saifun Nahaer; Yamazaki, Yuji
Source:
Mammal study 2018 v.43 no.4 pp. 269-274
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Bayesian theory; Cervus nippon; ecosystems; gene pool; genetic markers; indigenous species; introduced species; introgression; invasive species; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA; Japan
Abstract:
... In recent decades, invasive animals have disturbed the native ecosystem, via intraspecific and interspecific genetic hybridization. Previously, maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA analysis detected two genetically distinct lineages of the sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the Japanese Archipelago and revealed the coexistence of both lineages mainly in the central part of Toyama Prefecture in Japan. ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0006

15. Phylogeography of the Japanese White-Toothed Shrew (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae): A Clear Division of Haplogroups between Eastern and Western Japan and their Recent Introduction to Some Regions

Author:
Ohdachi, Satoshi D.; Yoshizawa, Kazunori; Takada, Yasushi; Motokawa, Masaharu; Iwasa, Masahiro A.; Arai, Satoru; Moribe, Junji; Uematsu, Yasushi; Sakai, Eiichi; Tateishi, Takashi; Oh, Hong-Shik; Kinoshita, Gohta
Source:
Mammal study 2018 v.43 no.4 pp. 245-259
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Crocidura; DNA; cytochrome b; genes; heterozygosity; mitochondria; mitochondrial genome; mutation; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; phylogeography; shrews; Japan; South Korea
Abstract:
... The Japanese white-toothed shrew (Crocidura dsinezumi) is a species endemic to Japan. For this species, only minimal phylogeographic investigations have been conducted. We obtained DNA sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region and nuclear ApoB genes for 191 individuals of C. dsinezumi from 107 locations collected throughout its known range. In the phylogenetic trees based on mitoc ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2017-0059

16. Reproductive Histories of Asian Black Bears Can be Determined by Cementum Annuli Width

Author:
Tochigi, Kahoko; Tamatani, Hiroo; Kozakai, Chinatsu; Inagaki, Akino; Naganuma, Tomoko; Myojo, Hiroaki; Yamazaki, Koji; Koike, Shinsuke
Source:
Mammal study 2018 v.43 no.4 pp. 261-268
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ursus thibetanus; adults; females; food availability; lactation; life history; parturition; progeny; reproductive success; yearlings; Japan
Abstract:
... Very little is known about the cementum annuli of Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus). We collected the first premolar tooth from adult female bears in central Japan to investigate whether reproductive history was reflected in cementum annuli width; previous studies have indicated that this is possible in other bear species. We calculated the proportional width index (PWI) value as an index of an ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0016

17. Comparison of Visitors and Pollinators of Mucuna macrocarpa between Urban and Forest Environments

Author:
Kobayashi, Shun; Denda, Tetsuo; Liao, Chi-Cheng; Lin, Yu-Hsiu; Liu, Wei-Ting; Izawa, Masako
Source:
Mammal study 2018 v.43 no.4 pp. 219-228
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Callosciurus; Mucuna macrocarpa; Pteropus; biodiversity; cross pollination; flowers; forests; habitats; nectar robbing; pollinators; squirrels; urban areas; urbanization; Japan; Taiwan
Abstract:
... Mammal-plant interactions differ significantly between urban and natural environments; however, knowledge of mammal-pollinated plants in urban areas remains limited compared to plants in their natural habitats. Here, we compared the flower visitors of Mucuna macrocarpa between urban and forested areas in Okinawa-jima Island, Japan and in Taiwan. Mucuna macrocarpa requires a highly specialized poll ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0029

18. Feeding Habits of Asian Black Bears (Ursus thibetanus) in Relation to the Abundance and Timing of Fruiting in 13 Tree Species

Author:
Nakajima, Ami; Koike, Shinsuke; Yamazaki, Koji; Kozakai, Chinatsu; Nemoto, Yui; Masaki, Takashi; Kaji, Koichi
Source:
Mammal study 2018 v.43 no.3 pp. 167-178
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Quercus mongolica; Ursus thibetanus; autumn; foods; forage; fruits; mountains; summer; trees; Japan
Abstract:
... We examined the relationship between the feeding habits of Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus) and fruit availability during summer and autumn from 2008 to 2011 in the Ashio-Nikko Mountains, Japan. Our main questions were as follows: 1) How does the availability of multiple fruit species influence the feeding habits during summer and autumn? and 2) When do bears begin to forage on hard mast in re ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2017-0032

19. Low genetic diversity in an isolated red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population on Mt. Hakodate, Japan, revealed by microsatellite analyses of fecal samples

Author:
Amaike, Yosuke; Murakami, Takahiro; Masuda, Ryuichi
Source:
Mammal study 2018 v.43 no.3 pp. 141-152
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Vulpes vulpes; adults; feces; foxes; gene flow; genetic variation; genotyping; microsatellite repeats; population size; urban areas; Japan
Abstract:
... Mt. Hakodate, Hokkaido, is a small mountain geographically isolated by the sea and urban area, and some red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) live there. In consideration of the specific geographical environment, we made a hypothesis that the fox population on Mt. Hakodate is small in size and isolated, and consequently its genetic variation is low, and then tested it. To investigate the genetic variation, we ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2017-0055

20. Alliance Formation of Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off Amakusa, Western Kyushu, Japan

Author:
Nishita, Miki; Shirakihara, Miki; Iwasa, Naoko; Amano, Masao
Source:
Mammal study 2017 v.42 no.3 pp. 125-130
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Tursiops aduncus; coasts; data collection; dolphins; females; males; philopatry; Japan
Abstract:
... Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) off Amakusa-Shimoshima, approximately 200 individuals, form relatively large groups frequently exceeding 100 individuals and show high site fidelity to the area around Tsuji Island, northern coast of Amakusa-Shimoshima. This suggests that individual dolphins may have long interaction times with many other individuals. Consequently, competition be ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.042.0302