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1. Comparison of Mammalian Communities in a Human-Disturbed Tropical Landscape in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Author:
Rustam ; Yasuda Masatoshi; Tsuyuki Satoshi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 299-311
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Canis lupus; Rodentia; anthropogenic activities; camera trapping; dogs; forest fires; forests; habitat destruction; habitats; introduced species; landscapes; species diversity; trapping; Borneo; Indonesia
Abstract:
... To examine the impact of human disturbance on mammalian community in a human-disturbed tropical landscape in Borneo, we conducted a baited camera trapping study in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, from 2005 to 2010. Along a gradient of habitat degradation, we established four camera trapping sites within a 20-km radius, one in Sungai Wain Protection Forest and three in Bukit Soeharto Grand Forest Park. ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0404

2. Designs to Reduce the Effect of Body Heat on Temperature Sensor in Board House of Gps Radio-Collar

Author:
Jiang Zhao-Wen; Takatsuki Seiki; Kitahara Masahiko; Sugita Mikio
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.3 pp. 165-171
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Cervus nippon; aluminum; ambient temperature; animals; collars; fur; global positioning systems; heat; heaters; monitoring; neck; pasting properties
Abstract:
... The temperature sensor in board house of GPS radio-collar is for monitoring the ambient temperature of collared animals. We assumed that the effect of body heat of an animal on the temperature sensor would result in biased temperature reading and evaluated the reading by using GPS3300S collars (Lotek Wireless Inc.). We examined the bias by comparing the temperatures readings among collar sensors a ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0301

3. Diet and Habitat use of Hispid Hare Caprolagus hispidus in Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Nepal

Author:
Aryal Achyut; Brunton Dianne; Ji Weihong; Yadav Hemanta Kumar; Adhikari Bikash; Raubenheimer David
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 147-154
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Caprolagus hispidus; Imperata cylindrica; Saccharum spontaneum; adverse effects; biodiversity; breeding; breeding season; burning; conservation areas; diet; ecosystems; feces; grasses; grasslands; habitat preferences; habitats; hares; nests; pellets; population density; population size; predation; range management; risk; small mammals; Nepal
Abstract:
... Hispid hare Caprolagus hispidus is one of the less studied endangered small mammal species in the world. Hispid hare distribution includes the tropical grassland ecosystem in Nepal. Grassland fire is one of the management regimes used in this region and its impact on biodiversity is controversial. We investigated the diet and habitat use of hispid hare before and after a grassland fire at Shuklaph ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0205

4. Dietary Partitioning in Sympatric Large Carnivores in a Tropical Forest of Western Ghats, India

Author:
Ramesh Tharmalingam; Kalle Riddhika; Sankar Kalyanasundaram; Qureshi Qamar
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 313-321
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Axis axis; Bos gaurus; Cuon alpinus; Elephas maximus; Panthera pardus; Panthera tigris; Ratufa; Rusa unicolor; Semnopithecus entellus; biomass; carnivores; diet; mithuns; predation; predators; squirrels; surveys; tropical forests; India
Abstract:
... We investigated dietary partitioning among tiger Panthera tigris, leopard Panthera pardus and dhole Cuon alpinus in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India between January 2008 and April 2010 based on scat analyses and prey surveys. Scat analysis revealed that though the diet of the three predators consisted of 15 to 21 prey species, wild ungulates formed a major portion of their diet (88.4 to 96.7%). The ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0405

5. Distribution, Occupancy and Activity Patterns of Goral (Nemorhaedus goral) and Serow (Capricornis thar) in Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, Sikkim, India

Author:
Bhattacharya Tapajit; Bashir Tawqir; Poudyal Kamal; Sathyakumar Sambandam; Saha Goutam Kumar
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.3 pp. 173-181
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
probability; cameras; trees; anthropogenic activities; Capricornis thar; habitats; conservation areas; India
Abstract:
... We assessed the distribution, occupancy, and activity patterns of two rupicaprids viz., Himalayan goral Nemorhaedus goral and Himalayan serow Capricornis thar in the western part of the Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, Sikkim, using camera traps during 2009–2010. Goral had the highest photo-capture rate (# photo/100 days) of 6.37 ± 3.02 in temperate habitats (n = 169) followed by 1.82 ± 1.27 in ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0302

6. Feeding Behavior of the Orii's Flying-fox, Pteropus dasymallus inopinatus, on Mucuna macrocarpa and Related Explosive Opening of Petals, on Okinawajima Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan

Author:
Toyama Chihiro; Kobayashi Shun; Denda Tetsuo; Nakamoto Atsushi; Izawa Masako
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.3 pp. 205-212
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
nose; nectar; reproduction; corolla; Mucuna macrocarpa; pollinators; honey bees; Pteropus; pistil; feeding behavior; throat; face; pollen; Ryukyu Archipelago
Abstract:
... The role of the Orii's flying-fox, Pteropus dasymallus inopinatus, in the reproduction of Mucuna macrocarpa was investigated through captive and wild observations on Okinawajima Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. When Orii's flying-fox fed on flowers of M. macrocarpa, it pushed its nose to the basal portion of the flowers to feed on nectar. This caused the hard petals of flowers to explode a ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0304

7. Genetic Characterization of Northernmost Isolated Population of Asian Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Japan

Author:
Yamamoto Toshiaki; Oka Teruki; Ohnishi Naoki; Tanaka Hirohisa; Takatsuto Nozomi; Okumura Yuri
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 85-91
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Ursus thibetanus; microsatellite repeats; endangered species; mitochondrial DNA; gene flow; habitat fragmentation; genetic variation; genetic markers; Japan
Abstract:
... The Asian black bear inhabiting the Shimokita Peninsula, the northernmost part of Honshu, Japan, is categorized as one of the endangered local populations (LPs) in the list of threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. The Shimokita population has become geographically isolated and fragmented due to recent human activity. In this study, we conducted DNA sampling between 2005–2007 of two ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0209

8. Genetic Variation and Population Structure of the Sable Martes zibellina on Eastern Hokkaido, Japan, Revealed by Microsatellite Analysis

Author:
Nagai Tomoko; Murakami Takahiro; Masuda Ryuichi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 323-330
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Martes; genetic variation; genotype; lakes; microsatellite repeats; mountains; population structure; rivers; Japan; Russia
Abstract:
... To assess the genetic variation and population structure of the sable Martes zibellina on eastern Hokkaido, Japan, we analyzed genotypes of 12 microsatellite loci on 48 individuals. Genotypes for all individuals examined were found to be different from each other. Mean observed and expected heterozygosites and allelic richness were calculated to be 0.52 (0.02–0.80), 0.58 (0.02– 0.79) and 5.49, res ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0406

9. Horizontal and Elevational Distributions of Apodemus peninsulae, A. draco and A. latronum

Author:
Kaneko Yukibumi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.33 pp. 183-204
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Apodemus; coniferous forests; latitude; mice; China; India; Japan; Korean Peninsula; Mongolia; Myanmar; Russia; Taiwan
Abstract:
... Horizontal and elevational distributions of Apodemus peninsulae, A. draco and A. latronum are illustrated. A total of 1,355 museum specimens were identified by their cranial measurements and the size of t7 cusp on the first upper molar in 180 localities of Russia, Mongolia, China, Taiwan, Korea, Myanmar, India and Japan. Apodemus peninsulae belonged to “the northern pattern”, A. draco to “the sout ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0303

10. Insectivory by Five Sympatric Carnivores in Cool-Temperate Deciduous Forests

Author:
Koike Shinsuke; Morimoto Hideto; Goto Yusuke; Kozakai Chinatsu; Yamazaki Koji
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 73-83
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Carabidae; Formicidae; Martes; Meles meles; Nyctereutes procyonoides; Ursus thibetanus; Vulpes vulpes; badgers; deciduous forests; feces; feeding methods; forest insects; foxes; grasslands; habitat preferences; insectivores; microhabitats; Japan
Abstract:
... We studied insectivory by five carnivores—the Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), Japanese marten (Martes melampus), Japanese badger (Meles meles), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)—in a cool-temperate deciduous forest in Japan. From May 2003 to April 2005, we assayed 373 fecal samples (91 from bear, 158 from marten, 43 from badger, 36 from fox, and 45 from rac ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0208

11. Intraspecific Phylogeny and Nucleotide Diversity of the Least Shrews, the Sorex minutissimus-S. yukonicus Complex, Based on Nucleotide Sequences of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene and the Control Region

Author:
Ohdachi Satoshi D.; Yoshizawa Kazunori; Hanski Ilkka; Kawai Kuniko; Dokuchaev Nikolai E.; Sheftel Boris I.; Abramov Alexei V.; Moroldoev Igor; Kawahara Atsushi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 281-297
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Sorex; biogeography; cytochrome b; genes; genetic variation; monophyly; nucleotide sequences; refuge habitats; shrews; Alaska; Eurasia; Finland; Japan; Norway; Scandinavia; Siberia
Abstract:
... Phylogenetic analysis was conducted for various populations of the Sorex minutissimus-S. yukonicus complex based on mitochondrial gene (cytochrome b and/or the control region) sequences. Sorex minutissimus was divided into some monophyletic groups in Eurasia; it was divided into 2 main groups, eastern and western Eurasian clades, based on combined data of the cytochrome b and the control region. M ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0403

12. Karyotype of the Gansu Mole (Scapanulus oweni): Further Evidence for Karyotypic Stability in Talpid

Author:
He Kai; Wang Jin-Huan; Su Wei-Ting; Li Quan; Nie Wen-Hui; Jiang Xue-Long
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 341-348
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Talpidae; chromosome aberrations; chromosome banding; chromosomes; diploidy; ecology; karyotyping; models; moles; phylogeny; phylogeography; China; North America
Abstract:
... Little is known about the ecology and evolution of the Gansu mole (Scapanulus oweni). The morphology of this monotypic genus (Talpidae, Eulipotyphla, Mammalia) indicates that it should fall into the tribe Scalopini. Although all the other scalopines are distributed in North America, S. oweni is endemic to Central and Southwest China. Previous studies have indicated that the chromosomes of talpid m ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0408

13. Mesowear Analysis of the Japanese Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) in Different Food Habits: Its Limitations and Applicability

Author:
Yamada Eisuke
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 93-103
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Cervus nippon; diet; eating habits; habitats; islands; paleoecology; statistical analysis; teeth; ungulates; Japan
Abstract:
... Mesowear analysis, one of the methods for reconstructing diets based on facet development on the occlusal surface of cheek teeth, has been applied mainly in extinct ungulates. To test how mesowear variables differ in same species from different habitats, this study investigated sika deer (Cervus nippon) from four localities (Urahoro, Nikko, Tsushima Islands, and Yakushima Island) in Japan. Data on ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0210

14. Morphological Variation in External Traits of the Large Japanese Field Mouse, Apodemus speciosus

Author:
Shintaku Yuta; Kageyama Mariko; Motokawa Masaharu
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 113-126
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Apodemus speciosus; alleles; body length; feet; habitat preferences; head; islands; mice; tail; Japan
Abstract:
... We analyzed morphological variation in external traits of Apodemus speciosus using 1,799 individuals collected throughout its entire distribution range. Clear geographic patterns were not observed in head and body length. Tail length was greater in the Hokkaido and Tokara-Nakanoshima populations and smaller in the Oki Islands populations. Ear length showed geographic trends within the Honshu popul ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0202

15. Ossification Patterns of Basicranial Sutures in Manatees, Genus Trichechus

Author:
Hoson Osamu; Kawada Shin-ichiro; Oda Sen-ichi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.3 pp. 213-225
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Trichechus inunguis; Trichechus manatus; Trichechus senegalensis; bone formation; mammals; skull; sutures
Abstract:
... Skull morphological characters are used for species and subspecies identification in the manatees, but no comparative study has investigated skull growth. We examined progressive ossification in the cranial sutures of 251 skulls of West Indian manatees, 19 skulls of African manatees and 17 skulls of Amazonian manatees. Degrees of cranial suture fusion were evaluated based on gross observations of ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0305

16. Partial Migration and Effects of Climate on Migratory Movements of Sika Deer in Kirigamine Highland, Central Japan

Author:
Takii Akiko; Izumiyama Shigeyuki; Taguchi Makoto
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 331-340
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Cervus nippon; autumn; climate; deer; females; home range; juveniles; males; melting; migratory behavior; snow; snowmelt; summer; temperature; Japan
Abstract:
... Studies on migration pattern of sika deer in Japan are limited. We captured 27 sika deer and identified movement for 24 deer (17 females and 7 males) from 2008 to 2011 in Kirigamine Highland, Nagano, central Japan. Four juvenile males dispersed from their original home range, and we documented migration pattern for 23 deer (17 females and 6 males), including 3 dispersed males. Deer exhibited parti ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0407

17. Phylogeographic Relationships of Scotophilus kuhlii between Hainan Island and Mainland China

Author:
Wenhua Yu; Chen Zhong; Li Yuchun; Wu Yi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.2 pp. 139-146
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
gene flow; genetic variation; global warming; haplotypes; mitochondrial DNA; nucleotides; phylogeography; population growth; population structure; China
Abstract:
... Phylogeographic analysis of Scotophilus kuhlii between Hainan Island and Guangdong Province was conducted to validate the existence of two subspecies separated by the Qiongzhou Strait. A total of 37 individuals from 3 assumed populations (8 roosts) were examined using 617 bp mtDNA control region segments. Nineteen individuals from cross-strait populations of Hainan Island and the mainland shared 3 ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0204

18. Population Genetic Structure of the Japanese Large-Footed Bat (Myotis macrodactylus) Along Three Rivers on Hokkaido Island, Northern Japan

Author:
Kobayashi Fumiya; Fukui Dai; Kojima Eisuke; Masuda Ryuichi
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.3 pp. 227-235
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Myotis; cytochrome b; habitats; haplotypes; insectivores; mitochondrial DNA; mountains; phylogeography; population structure; principal component analysis; rivers; Japan
Abstract:
... Rivers are habitats favored by insectivorous bats. The Japanese large-footed bat (Myotis macrodactylus) is one of such species strongly associated with rivers. To clarify the population structure and migration pattern of M. macrodactylus, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) phylogeography was investigated in 15 subpopulations along three rivers (Tokachi, Ishikari and Teshio Rivers) on Hokkaido Island, north ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0306

19. Reproductive Physiology of Hipposideros terasensis in Taiwan

Author:
Chen Chia-Hong; Lin Liang-Kong
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 pp. 273-279
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Chiroptera; autumn; eggs; embryo implantation; females; fetal development; habitats; insemination; males; progesterone; spermatogenesis; testosterone; Taiwan
Abstract:
... Changes in habitat and resource availability have induced bats to develop strategies for reproductive delay, including the processes of insemination, embryo implantation, and fetal development. Hipposideros terasensis used the strategy of delayed embryonic development. Bats mated in autumn. Fertilized eggs implanted during the blastula stage, but remained dormant for as long as five months before ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0402

20. Seasonal Habitat Partitioning between Sympatric Terrestrial and Semi-Arboreal Japanese Wood Mice, Apodemus speciosus and A. argenteus in Spatially Heterogeneous Environment

Author:
Sakamoto Shinsuke H.; Suzuki Satoshi N.; Degawa Yousuke; Koshimoto Chihiro; Suzuki Ryo O.
Source:
Mammal study 2012 v.37 no.4 pp. 261-272
ISSN:
1343-4152
Subject:
Apodemus speciosus; Pinus; autumn; bamboos; coniferous forests; grasslands; ground vegetation; habitat preferences; habitats; mixed forests; rodents; seasonal variation; spring; summer; temperate forests; understory
Abstract:
... Habitat partitioning can maintain the coexistence of species with very similar ecological traits. We studied habitat partitioning between terrestrial and semi-arboreal congeneric rodents (Apodemus speciosus and A. argenteus) that often coexist despite asymmetry in their competitive abilities. To understand seasonal and habitat variation in their partitioning, we evaluated seasonal variation in foo ...
DOI:
10.3106/041.037.0401