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1. Body Temperature Measurement Reveals the Reproductive Profile of Female Apodemus speciosus under Laboratory and Field Conditions

Author:
Akira Kuroyanagi; Rina Ukyo; Yoshinobu Kodama; Takeshi Eto; Yoshinobu Okubo; Ikuo Kobayashi; Seiji Ieiri; Tetsuo Morita; Shinsuke H. Sakamoto
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 177-187
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus speciosus; body temperature; females; lactation; mammals; parturition; pregnancy
Abstract:
... This study illustrated body temperature (Tb) fluctuation during reproduction and discussed the effectiveness of measuring Tb for predicting the reproductive profile of female Apodemus speciosus both under laboratory and field conditions. Tb fluctuation was monitored for four breeding events in the laboratory and for three in the field. Individual variation in Tb fluctuation during reproduction was ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0048

2. Cats were Responsible for the Headless Carcasses of Shearwaters: Evidence from Genetic Predator Identification

Author:
Junco Nagata; Atsushi Haga; Yuki Kusachi; Mikuni Tokuyoshi; Hideki Endo; Yuya Watari
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 197-204
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Calonectris; DNA; Felis silvestris; Japan; cats; esophagus; genetic analysis; head; invasive species; predation; stakeholders; surveys
Abstract:
... The domestic cat Felis silvestris catus is known to be one of the most notorious invasive alien predators. Seabirds are typical taxonomic groups that have been impacted by free-ranging cats on islands, and their headless carcasses are frequently observed. We conducted genetic predator identification of the carcasses of streaked shearwater Calonectris leucomelas and described their characteristics ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0047

3. Caudal Vertebral Fragilities Related to Loss of a Tail Part in Two Species of the Japanese Field Mice

Author:
Masahiro A. Iwasa; Atsushi Hasegawa
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.2 pp. 125-131
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus argenteus; autotomy; vertebrae
Abstract:
... In the Japanese field mice, Apodemus argenteus and A. speciosus, loss of a tail part has often been observed under natural conditions. Such loss is considered a way of avoiding damage during physical accidents and attacks. Here, we studied the types of losses, types of caudal breakages, and breakage positions along the tail. The losses mainly consisted of intervertebral breakage (inter-VB) and int ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0056

4. Diet Composition and Prey Preference of Tiger, Leopard, and Dhole in Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Southern Western Ghats, India

Author:
Bawa Mothilal Krishnakumar; Rajarathinavelu Nagarajan; Kanagaraj Muthamizh Selvan
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 141-153
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Bos gaurus; Cuon alpinus; Panthera pardus; Panthera tigris; Rusa unicolor; Semnopithecus; biomass; diet; mithuns; predator-prey relationships; India
Abstract:
... Comprehensive information on prey availability and diet composition is important to formulate effective conservation strategies. Data on these of large apex predators, the tiger Panthera tigris, leopard Panthera pardus, and dhole Cuon alpinus, are deficient in Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, India, which harbors low prey density. Therefore, we investigated how these predators coexisted by par ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0058

5. Effects of Human Activity on the Fallen-Fruit Foraging Behavior of Carnivoran Species in an Urban Forest

Author:
Shigeru Osugi; Bruna Elisa Trentin; Shinsuke Koike
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.2 pp. 113-123
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Meles; Nyctereutes procyonoides; badgers; forest litter; frugivores; fruits; humans; trees; urban forests
Abstract:
... The purpose of the present study was to determine whether and how the fruit-foraging behaviors of two frugivorous carnivorans, the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and Japanese badger (Meles anakuma), are influenced by the presence of humans. In the first investigation, we contrasted the frequency and duration of foraging visits to fruit-bearing trees in an urban forest and a mountain forest ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0041

6. The European Mink (Mustela lutreola) on Kunashir Island: Confirmed Survival 40 years After Introduction

Author:
Aleksandr A. Kisleyko; Vladimir Dinets; Mikhail Y. Grishchenko; Evgenyi E. Kozlovskiy; Lyudmila A. Khlyap
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 155-164
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Mustela lutreola; Neovison vison; cameras; data collection; databases; mink; snow
Abstract:
... In the early 1980s, the European mink (Mustela lutreola) was introduced on Kunashir [Kunashiri] Island in the Kuril [Chishima] Islands in order to preserve it in a region where its main competitor, the American mink (Neovison vison), is absent. We present records of the European mink on Kunashir in 2014–2021. In 23 cases, mink footprints were recorded on the snow or on sandbanks; in other nine cas ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0044

7. First Record of Lineage IV of Rattus tanezumi (Rodentia: Muridae) from the southern Ryukyus, Japan

Author:
Masaharu Motokawa; Tomohisa Makino; Takashi O. Yato; Shinya Okabe; Tsunehiro Shiroma; Masanao Toyama; Hidetoshi Ota
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 205-212
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; cytochrome b; fauna; genes; mitochondria
Abstract:
... Based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences, we report representatives of the Lineage IV of Rattus tanezumi (Rodentia: Muridae) from Miyakojima, Taramajima, and Yonagunijima Islands in the southern Ryukyus as the first record of the lineage from Japan. The new record of Lineage IV provides an addition to the mammal fauna of Japan essentially at the species level. Accordingly, the genus Ratt ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2022-0001

8. The Genetic Diversity and Structure of the Feral Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Population in Shikoku Island, Japan

Author:
Tadashi Yamashiro; Yoshinori Kaneshiro; Asuka Yamashiro; Masayuki Maki
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 189-196
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Procyon lotor; genetic structure; genetic variation; haplotypes; invasive species; mammals; microsatellite repeats; mitochondria; population genetics
Abstract:
... We explored the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of an invasive alien species, the raccoon Procyon lotor, which was introduced into the Shikoku Island of Japan, using sequences of the mitochondrial control region and 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci. In 80 individuals examined, we detected two genetically divergent haplotypes, indicating that two maternal lineages had been intr ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0052

9. Origin and Abundance of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Winter Haulout at Benten-Jima Rock Off Cape Soya, Hokkaido, Japan between 2012–2017

Author:
Yoko Goto; Takeomi Isono; Shun Ikuta; Vladimir Burkanov
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.2 pp. 87-101
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Eumetopias jubatus; Japan; coasts; mammals; surveys
Abstract:
... Benten-Jima Rock, located off Cape Soya, Hokkaido, has been a Steller sea lion (SSL; Eumetopias jubatus) winter haulout for decades. The animals usually occupy the site from October to May. Observations have been sporadic, although the population count started to increase in 2005. We have monitored SSL numbers since 2012 using several survey methods, such as observation by direct counting and remo ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0029

10. A Simple Cryopreservation Method for Efficient Isolation of Live Cells from Dead Animals

Author:
Michiya Sano; Ayako Kawanabe; Yaetsu Kurosawa; Yusuke Suzuki; Masahiro Takeda; Tomoaki Nakamura; Hisataka Iwata; Takehito Kuwayama; Koumei Shirasuna
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.2 pp. 103-111
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
ambient temperature; biodiversity conservation; cryopreservation; cytokines; dead animals; gene expression; lipopolysaccharides; mice; polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid; probability; vitrification; wild boars
Abstract:
... Cryopreservation of somatic tissues and cells can be applied to biodiversity conservation. Although vitrification is widely used for tissue cryopreservation, it is challenging to obtain viable cells in facilities that lack adequate experimental tools, such as zoos. In this study, we established a simple tissue cryopreservation method for obtaining viable cells. Using mouse tissues of the ears and ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0019

11. Trends in Habitat Use between Sympatric Sika Deer and Japanese Serow as Revealed by Camera Traps

Author:
Satsuki Nakamori; Masaki Ando
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.3 pp. 165-176
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; cameras; deer; forests; habitat preferences; habitats; snowpack; summer; sympatry; winter
Abstract:
... In response to severe vegetation degradation caused by sika deer in Japan, it is important to understand the habitat use trends of the sika deer and sympatric Japanese serows to promote the management and conservation of both species and their habitats. This study used camera traps to examine the trends of habitat use of the two sympatric ungulates in the Kuraiyama Experimental Forest (KEF) at Gif ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0012

12. Abundance Estimates of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) Off the Western Coast of Hokkaido, Japan

Author:
Kaoru Hattori; Toshihide Kitakado; Takeomi Isono; Orio Yamamura
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 3-16
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Eumetopias jubatus; Japan; coasts; continental shelf; mammals; seasonal variation; spring; statistical analysis; Sea of Japan
Abstract:
... Aerial surveys were conducted to estimate the abundance of wintering populations of Steller sea lions (SSLs; Eumetopias jubatus) in the Sea of Japan originated from Russian waters using the line transect sampling method during spring from 2005 to 2019. The survey areas covered the continental shelf off the western coast of Hokkaido. A total of 28 196 km survey effort was made through the study per ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0030

13. Are Northeastern Forests of Bangladesh Empty? Insights from Camera-Trapping into Spatiotemporal Activity Pattern of Mammals in a Semi-Evergreen National Park

Author:
Tania Zakir; Harish Debbarma; Rafia Mahjabin; Rasel Debbarma; Zaber Khan; Md. Mizanur Rahman Minu; Fatima Tuz Zahura; Muntasir Akash
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-17
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cuon alpinus; Felis chaus; Herpestidae; Prionailurus bengalensis; Scandentia; biodiversity; camera trapping; forests; national parks; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Bangladesh holds 191 km² semi-evergreen northeastern (NE) forests where systematic camera-trapping has never been carried out. An effort of 587 trap nights in Satchari National Park, a NE forest, revealed ten carnivores, two ungulates, two primates, two rodents, and one treeshrew (12 threatened in Bangladesh; of which three globally threatened; dhole and northern treeshrew were new discoveries). P ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0114

14. Are there Sexual Differences in the Autumn Food Habits of Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Suburban Area?

Author:
Ayaka Hasegawa; Yusuke Goto; Koji Yamazaki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 39-45
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Nyctereutes procyonoides; Procyon lotor; autumn; females; forage; humans; males; municipal solid waste; stomach; suburban areas
Abstract:
... We studied the autumn (September–November) food habits of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) by sampling the stomach contents of 64 individuals (male, n = 31; female, n = 33) killed on national roads in Ibaraki Prefecture. Our aim was to examine sex differences in the autumn food habits of raccoon dogs in suburban area where human related disturbances can occur on the raccoon dogs. The fre ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0079

15. Bats (Chiroptera) of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Dalat Plateau, Vietnam

Author:
Son Truong Nguyen; Thomas J. O'Shea; Jeffery A. Gore; Khoi Vu Nguyen; Thanh Trung Hoang; Masaharu Motokawa; Phuong Huy Dang; Minh Duc Le; Tham Thi Nguyen; Tatsuo Oshida; Hideki Endo; Tuan Anh Tran; Hai Tuan Bui; Tu Ngoc Ly; Duong Thuy Vu; Hang Thi Chu; Tu Tan Vuong
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 53-68
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Chiroptera; cryptic species; dry season; echolocation; habitats; insectivores; lactation; mammals; national parks; reproduction; species richness; wet season; Vietnam
Abstract:
... We determined species diversity, seasonal reproduction, and echolocation patterns in the bat community of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park (BNBNP), Lam Dong Province, on the Dalat Plateau of the Central Highlands of Vietnam. We documented 27 species with 211 individuals captured in 26 994 m² mist-net-hours and 3015 m² harp-trap-hours of effort. We found five species of pteropodids and 22 species of ins ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0024

16. Can Video Traps Reliably Detect Animals? Implications for the Density Estimation of Animals without Individual Recognition

Author:
Gota Yajima; Yoshihiro Nakashima
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 189-195
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; animal density; cameras; dogs; probability
Abstract:
... Several statistical models have recently been developed to estimate animal density using camera trappings without individual animal recognition. However, most models assume that detection by camera traps of animals passing a specific area of the camera view is perfect. A recently developed REST model (Nakashima et al. 2018; Journal of Applied Ecology 55: 735–744) also depends on the trapping rates ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0055

17. Characterization of Molecular Markers of Testicular Cells in Red Pandas (Ailurus fulgens styani)

Author:
Jun-Hui An; Ling He; Rong Hou; Zhi-Gang Cai; Dong-Hui Wang; Ke-Yu Shi; Song-Rui Liu; Chan-Juan Yue; Yu-Liang Liu
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 197-204
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ailurus fulgens; GATA transcription factors; Sertoli cells; adults; digestion; enzymatic reactions; immunohistochemistry; male fertility; mammals; reproductive efficiency; reproductive success; spermatogonia
Abstract:
... Self-sustained populations of captive red panda were challenged by low reproductive success rate. Defining the different types of testicular cell and increasing the knowledge of male fertility was critical for the improvement of reproductive efficiency in red panda captive populations. Here, we firstly report the histological structure in red panda testes at various ages. Besides, our data also sh ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0080

18. Comparative Morphology of the Male Genitalia of Japanese Muroidea Species

Author:
Takashi O. Yato; Masaharu Motokawa
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-10
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus speciosus; Cricetidae; blood; bone formation; cartilage; histology; male genitalia; mammals; penis
Abstract:
... We examined the morphology of the male genitalia of six Muridae and five Cricetidae in the Muroidea focusing on the medial and lateral bacular mounds, as well as their ossification patterns to discuss the diversity and the movement mechanism of the trident structure. All examined species possessed a medial bacular mound and two lateral bacular mounds, which collectively formed a trident structure. ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0096

19. Comparison of Age-at-Death Patterns in the Irruption and Post-Population-Crash Phases of an Introduced Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Population

Author:
Kazutaka M. Takeshita; Mugino O. Kubo; Mayumi Ueno; Mari Ishizaki; Hiroshi Takahashi; Tsuyoshi Yoshida; Hiromasa Igota; Takashi Ikeda; Koichi Kaji
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 77-84
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; adverse effects; data collection; deer; fawns; probability; yearlings
Abstract:
... Age-specific changes in deer demographic parameters under food limitation are an important factor in predicting the post-population-crash dynamics of irruptive deer populations. To evaluate the differences in age-class-at-death between the initial irruption and post-population-crash phases of a sika deer (Cervus nippon) population, we analyzed a dataset of naturally dead carcasses from an introduc ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0009

20. Contribution of Acorn Masting to Food Composition and Body Condition of and Crop Damage by Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) Inhabiting Evergreen Forests in Japan

Author:
Akitaka Omori; Eiji Hosoi
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.2 pp. 65-75
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Castanopsis cuspidata; Japan; Sus scrofa; acorns; bamboos; body condition; crop damage; food composition; mammals; masting; stomach; wild boars
Abstract:
... We analyzed the stomach contents of wild boars (Sus scrofa) inhabiting evergreen forests in western Japan and found that they were dependent on the masting of acorns of Castanopsis cuspidata. The increased availability of C. cuspidata acorns positively affected their consumption by wild boars. In the good mast years, wild boars consumed C. cuspidata acorns from November to June of the following ye ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0024

21. Development of a Camera-Installed Nest Box for Small Mammals and Its Application in Reproductive Schedule Estimation for the Okinawa Spiny Rat

Author:
Nobuhiko Kotaka; Masatoshi Yasuda; Takuya Shimada
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.2 pp. 77-85
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ryukyu Archipelago; adults; autumn; body size; cameras; models; nest boxes; nests; rats; reproduction; winter
Abstract:
... To estimate the reproductive schedule of the Okinawa spiny rat on the basis of its body size distribution, we developed a nest box with an auto-trigger camera. Three camera-installed nest boxes were used in the field in the northern part of Okinawa Island beginning in September 2015. The distance between eyes, an index of body size, was measured in 850 images of spiny rats. The reproductive schedu ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0025

22. Diel Activity Patterns of Three Sympatric Medium-Sized Carnivores during Winter and Spring in a Heavy Snowfall Area in Northeastern Japan

Author:
Ryoga Watabe; Masayuki U. Saito
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 69-75
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Procyon lotor; cameras; diel activity; forests; mammals; snow; spring; sympatry; winter
Abstract:
... In a heavy snowfall area in northeastern Japan, we clarified the diel activity patterns of and seasonal differences in three sympatric carnivores (red foxes, raccoon dogs, and Japanese martens) during winter and spring, and the interspecific differences among the activity patterns in each season. The activity time of the target species was obtained by camera-trap surveys at seven sites around the ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0039

23. Dietary Protein Deficiency Affects Food Consumption and Torpor in the African Woodland Dormouse (Graphiurus murinus)

Author:
Takeshi Eto; Sayako Hidaka; Hiroki Shichijo; Goro A. Nagura-Kato; Tetsuo Morita
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 13-21
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Gliridae; cecum; coprophagy; dietary protein; energy content; energy intake; fermentation; food consumption; food shortages; high protein diet; hindgut; nutritional status; protein deficiencies; protein metabolism; resting periods; rodents; thermal stress; woodlands
Abstract:
... Many heterotherms employ torpor to conserve energy to cope with food shortage. Food shortage affects not only energy budgets but also other aspects of nutritional status. In addition to serving as an energy substrate, dietary proteins also provide vital nutrients including essential amino acids, some of which cannot be synthesized de novo. We evaluated the hypothesis that dietary protein deficienc ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0102

24. Different Responses of Endemic and Alien Tree Squirrels to Tree Seed Chemicals

Author:
Noriko Tamura; Mutsumi Ito; Fumio Hayashi
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 237-250
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Callosciurus; Quercus; food choices; food consumption; introduced species; limonene; tannins; trees
Abstract:
... Quercus acorns and coniferous cones are the main food sources for tree squirrels, and the chemical contents of seeds, such as tannins and terpenes, are predicted to affect the squirrels' food preference. The tolerance of squirrels to chemical contents may vary between species that have evolved in different environments. The consumption of artificial food containing tannic acids or terpenes were co ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0108

25. Effects of Vegetation Structure on the Habitat Utilization of Free-Ranging Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) in a Coniferous Plantation Area

Author:
Akira Chijiiwa; Akisato Nishimura
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 143-152
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Macaca fuscata; bamboos; coniferous forests; deciduous forests; edge effects; food availability; food composition; food plants; habitat conservation; habitats; home range; mammals; rural areas; surveys; vegetation structure
Abstract:
... We studied home range use of crop-raiding Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in Shiga Prefecture, central Japan, to address the effects of vegetation structure, specifically forest edge, on their habitat utilization. We compared the home range use of a troop inhabiting a rural area surrounded by a coniferous plantation with that of a troop inhabiting deciduous/coniferous forest mixed area. We then ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0069

26. External Morphological and Molecular Evidence of Natural Intrageneric Hybridization between Common and Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus × T. aduncus) from Japanese Waters

Author:
Daiki Inamori; Yuki F. Kita; Noriko Funasaka
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.2 pp. 133-140
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Tursiops aduncus; Tursiops truncatus; body length; bycatch; dolphins; females; haplotypes; males; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA
Abstract:
... Hybrid cetaceans occur in both captive and natural environments. This study is the first to describe the external morphological and genetic characterizations of natural intrageneric hybridization between the common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, and the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, T. aduncus, in Japanese waters. In November 2019, a stray dolphin was seen in Moriura Bay, Wakayama, Jap ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0039

27. Factors Affecting Pre-Denning Activity in Asian Black Bears

Author:
Seungyun Baek; Tadashi Iwasaki; Koji Yamazaki; Tomoko Naganuma; Akino Inagaki; Kahoko Tochigi; Maximilian L. Allen; Chinatsu Kozakai; Shinsuke Koike
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Ursus thibetanus; hibernation; life history; mammals; process control
Abstract:
... Hibernation (denning) is an important aspect of the life history of Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus), and denning chronology can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. We investigated activity patterns during the pre-denning period of Asian black bears using statistical process control in combination with activity sensors to quantitatively identify a marked reduction in activity from 200 ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0101

28. Factors Influencing Habitat-Use of Indian Grey Wolf in the Semiarid Landscape of Western India

Author:
Prashant Mahajan; Dharmendra Khandal; Kapil Chandrawal
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 23-37
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Boselaphus tragocamelus; conservation areas; decline; forests; habitat destruction; habitat preferences; humans; landscapes; population size; probability; shrublands; wolves; India
Abstract:
... Wolves play a crucial role in shaping ecological communities as an apex predator in the dry-open forests of semi-arid landscapes in India. Large scale habitat loss pertaining to human expansion and retaliatory killing by human caused severe decline in the wolf population across its range. The estimated wolf population size is close to 2000–3000 individuals in India; however, these estimates were d ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0029

29. First Observation of Pregnancy and Parturition in a Captive Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuata)

Author:
Shunya Ikeshima; Suguru Higa; Yuuta Mitani; Mariko Omata; Nozomi Kobayashi; Keiichi Ueda; Isao Kawazu
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
appetite; body temperature; captive animals; dolphins; females; flukes; gestation period; males; parturition; pregnancy; progesterone
Abstract:
... A female pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) successfully mated with a mature male in captivity on April 13, 2017. This mating event was followed by an evaluation of the plasma progesterone concentration, appetite, and rectum temperature of the dolphin during pregnancy. We recorded the progesterone profiles during pregnancy, the gestation period, and the parturition events. The proges ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0066

30. Genetic Analysis of a Newly Established Deer Population Expanding in the Sasebo Area in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan Reveals No Evidence of Genetic Disturbance by Formosan Sika Deer

Author:
Junco Nagata; Masatoshi Yasuda; Asuka Yamashiro
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 251-263
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; deer; forestry; genetic analysis; haplotypes; hybridization; invasive species; mitochondrial DNA; vegetation
Abstract:
... Native sika deer (Cervus nippon) had not been observed in and around Sasebo City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. However, deer have recently been confirmed in this area, and the number of individuals and the range have been expanding, causing damage to forestry and natural vegetation. Although the origin of these deer is unknown, it may be derived from Formosan sika deer (C. n. taiouanus), wh ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0084

31. Genetic Assessment on the Origin of Alien Macaques in the Boso Peninsula in Japan

Author:
Yoshi Kawamoto
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 173-186
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Y chromosome; genes; haplotypes; hybridization; introduced species; mammals; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA; vaccines; China; Indochina
Abstract:
... Japanese macaques and alien macaques have hybridized in the Boso Peninsula, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. In this study, the origin of the alien species was investigated by molecular assessments with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome genes. Maternal origin was assessed by comparing mtDNA sequence records. The results suggested that the alien species in the southern part of peninsula originated ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0078

32. The Hole Size that the Japanese Marten (Martes melampus) can Pass through

Author:
Hironori Ueda; Soichiro Doyama; Yusuke Eguchi
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 3-11
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Martes; body size; body weight; excreta; mammals; seasonal variation; summer; winter
Abstract:
... The Japanese marten (Martes melampus) invades houses through holes and causes excrement problems. These holes should be covered to prevent the marten's intrusion into houses. However, there is no information about what size of hole they can squeeze through. Therefore, we investigated the sizes of the holes that they could pass through using three reared individuals in summer and winter. We put a b ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0010

33. Human Effects on Habitat Use of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata): Importance of Forest Edges

Author:
Hiroshi Ebihara; Seiki Takatsuki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 131-141
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Macaca fuscata; autumn; conifers; cropland; deciduous forests; deforestation; habitat fragmentation; habitat preferences; habitats; humans; selection index; summer; winter
Abstract:
... Habitats of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) have been modified by human activities such as deforestation, conifer plantation, agriculturalization, and forest fragmentation. Such modifications likely affect habitat use of the macaques. We examined the habitat use of two macaque troops: a “forest troop” and a “cropland troop”. We focused on forest edges, which have not been previously categori ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0076

34. Human–Macaque Conflicts in Shrinking Communities: Recent Achievements and Challenges in Problem Solving in Modern Japan

Author:
Hiroto Enari
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 115-130
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Macaca fuscata; conflict management; mammals; people
Abstract:
... The populations of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), which were vulnerable until the early 20th century, have recently recovered. However, this recovery process has rarely been hailed as a conservation success, because it has triggered serious conflicts between people and the macaques. The key exacerbating causes of the conflicts have been the drastic changes in the interrelations between the ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0056

35. Mitochondrial DNA Haplotypes of Killer Whales around Hokkaido, Japan

Author:
Yoko Mitani; Yuki F. Kita; Shigeo Saino; Motoi Yoshioka; Hiroshi Ohizumi; Fumio Nakahara
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 205-211
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Orcinus orca; coasts; cytochrome b; databases; ecotypes; genetic variation; haplotypes; mammals; mitochondrial DNA; mitochondrial genome; nucleotide sequences
Abstract:
... In this study, we examined a genetic variation of killer whales, Orcinus orca, from off the coast of Hokkaido, Japan, by sequencing the D-loop and cytochrome b (Cyt-b) regions of the mitochondrial genome. Three D-loop and two Cyt-b haplotypes were identified from eight skin biopsies. These five haplotypes had been previously deposited at GenBank and the International Nucleotide Sequence Database C ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0072

36. Morphological and Molecular Recharacterization of the Rodent Genus Mus from Nepal Based on Museum Specimens

Author:
Makoto Kishimoto; Masaru Kato; Hitoshi Suzuki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Mus musculus; altitude; color; cytochrome b; fur; genes; geometry; mice; mitochondria; morphometry; museums; nose; phylogeny; skull; taxonomy; Nepal
Abstract:
... The taxonomy and phylogeny of the subgenus Mus, the Eurasian lineage of the genus Mus, remain unresolved, even for the house mouse (Mus musculus). While the subgenus is diverse in Asia, few studies cover both its morphology and molecular phylogeny. We re-examined 70 specimens identified as M. cervicolor that were collected from central Nepal in 1968 and 1975 and are currently deposited in the Hokk ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0065

37. New Dental Anomalies in the Greater Japanese Shrew Mole Urotrichus talpoides (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae)

Author:
Shinya Okabe; Akio Shinohara; Masaharu Motokawa
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-7
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Talpidae; dogs; moles; shrews
Abstract:
... Dental anomalies in the greater Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides Temminck, 1841 (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae) were examined, based on 1001 specimens. We followed the dental formula of U. talpoides I 2/1, C 1/1, P 4/3, M 3/3 = 36, which is adopted by the most recent Japanese researchers, and found dental anomalies in 17 specimens involving 12 instances of absent tooth, four of extra tooth, and o ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0095

38. New Humpback Whale Remains from the Holocene (Quaternary) of Osaka, Japan

Author:
Yoshihiro Tanaka; Hiroyuki Taruno
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Holocene epoch; Japan; Megaptera novaeangliae; adults; body length; coracoid; humerus; scapula; whales
Abstract:
... The generic name of the humpback whale, Megaptera was named after their forelimb, which means a “large wing”. New whale remains (specimen number: OMNH-QV 60) including the right scapula, humerus, and radius from the Namba Formation, Holocene in Osaka, Japan is reported as a humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae based on diagnoses of the species; having reduced acromion and coracoid processes of t ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0007

39. New Mitogenome of the Hainan Mole Mogera hainana and Taxonomic Implications Based on Molecular Data

Author:
Feiyun Tu; Xiaofei Zhai; Wenjing Zhao; Jichao Wang
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 57-63
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Bayesian theory; mitochondria; mitochondrial genome; moles; phylogeny; China
Abstract:
... The Hainan mole Mogera hainana was described as a full species by Thomas (1910), but its taxonomic status of this animal has been debated since then and remains controversial. In this study, we determined the mitochondrial genome of M. hainana. We also estimated its phylogenetic relationships using mitochondrial Cytb and nuclear Rag1 genes and conducted molecular species delimitation analyses usin ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0008

40. Observation of Infanticide in the Particolored Flying Squirrel (Hylopetes alboniger) from a Forest in Northeastern Bangladesh

Author:
Sabit Hasan; Hassan Al-Razi; Tanvir Ahmed; Habibon Naher; Sabir Bin Muzaffar
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 265-268
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
adults; conspecificity; forests; national parks; sexual selection; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Infanticide, the intentional killing of conspecific infants, has been observed widely in mammals, including squirrels. Several ground squirrels revealed this behavioral anomaly, yet no report has been published on the flying squirrels. We report an observation of killing an infant of the particolored flying squirrel (Hylopetes alboniger) by a conspecific adult intruder in Satchari National Park of ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0098

41. Potency of Individual Identification of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) Using a Face Recognition System and a Limited Number of Learning Images

Author:
Yosuke Otani; Hitoshi Ogawa
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 85-93
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Macaca fuscata; animal research; artificial intelligence; face; researchers; stakeholders; wildlife
Abstract:
... Individual identification is an important technique in animal research that requires researcher training and specialized skillsets. Face recognition systems using artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning have been put into practical use to identify in humans and animals, but a large number of annotated learning images are required for system construction. In wildlife research cases, it is diffic ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0071

42. Predicting the Effect of Countermeasures for Crop-Raiding Japanese Macaques Using the Conditions of Human Settlements

Author:
Shota Mochizuki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 161-171
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
agricultural land; crop damage; electric fences; humans; models; questionnaires; surveys
Abstract:
... For macaque management, it is recommended that residents use countermeasures, such as psychological attacks using fireworks and other to drive macaques away from farmland. However, these require settlement-wide cooperation and continuous implementation. I surveyed residents within settlements and aimed to clarify the conditions under which countermeasures were successful. I hypothesized that the e ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0031

43. Reasons for the Dissatisfaction of Residents with the Recent Reduction in the Amount of Crop Damage by Japanese Macaques—a Case Study in a Typical Depopulating Prefecture in Northern Japan

Author:
Haruka S. Enari; Hiroto Enari
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 153-160
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Macaca fuscata; case studies; conflict management; crop damage; decision making; human population; mammals; questionnaires; spatial data; statistics; urban agriculture
Abstract:
... A decrease in the amount of crop damage by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) is often defined as the primary official goal for conflict resolution. Recent government-led countermeasures have resulted in a decline in the amount of such damage, at least per the government statistics; however, residents rarely recognize this decline as a success of conflict management. We hypothesized that this unex ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0060

44. Seasonal Diel Activity Patterns of Three Sympatric Ungulates in Forested Area in Central Japan

Author:
Takashi Ikeda; Satuski Nakamori; Masaki Ando; Takumi Shirakawa; Takuya Okamoto; Masatsugu Suzuki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 47-56
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; cameras; diel activity; forests; nocturnal activity; sympatry; wild boars
Abstract:
... The diel activity pattern is a key factor in the coexistence mechanism of sympatric wild animals, enabling temporal niche partitioning. Although previous studies on sympatric ungulates (sika deer, Japanese serow, and wild boar) have reported dietary and spatial niche partitioning, temporal niche partitioning in these sympatric ungulates is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0031

45. Selection of the Young Coconut Mesocarp by the Sulawesi Babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis)

Author:
Masaaki Ito; Alastair A. Macdonald; Kristin Leus; Yamato Hasegawa; I Wayan Balik; I Wayan Gede Bandem Arimbawa; I Dewa Gede Agung Atmaja
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 213-223
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Babyrousa celebensis; coconuts; comparative study; hardness; hulls; mammals; mesocarp; surface area; volatile compounds; Indonesia
Abstract:
... The feeding behaviours of the Sulawesi babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis) in terms of its preference to eat the mesocarp, or husk, of immature coconuts (Cocos nucifera) and the feeding marks on leftover coconuts were observed. Additionally, to explore the physicochemical factors behind this preference, a comparative study was conducted on the basal and apical parts of the coconut mesocarp. The breaki ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0059

46. Spatial Genetic Structure of the Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Population on Yakushima: Significant Genetic Differentiation on a Small Island

Author:
Chisato Terada; Tetsukazu Yahara; Arika Kuroiwa; Takashi Saitoh
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 225-235
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; computer software; gene flow; genetic structure; genetic variation; landscapes; local government; mammals; microsatellite repeats; population structure; rivers
Abstract:
... The sika deer population on Yakushima Island exhibits high genetic diversity despite the small size of the island. We hypothesized that the high genetic diversity of the population had been maintained by the population structure, which included several subpopulations among which gene flow was limited. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the spatial genetic structure of the population using 12 mic ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0088

47. Studies on Primate Crop Feeding in Asian Regions: A Review

Author:
Yamato Tsuji; Kurnia Ilham
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 97-113
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Lorisidae; Tarsiidae; crop damage; food availability; forests; humans; income; religion; residential areas; risk; Asia
Abstract:
... We reviewed previous literature on primate crop feeding in Asia. We found 134 reports from 14 different countries and regions. More than half of the crop feeding cases involved macaques, followed by colobines, especially common langurs, and to a lesser extent by orangutans. No crop feeding by gibbons, lorises, or tarsiers has been reported. Most reports obtained information about crop feeding thro ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0062

48. Temporal Preference of Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx) in a Highland Forest in Northwestern Anatolia in Relation to Other Medium and Large Mammal Species

Author:
Burak Akbaba; Zafer Ayaş
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus elaphus; Lepus europaeus; Lynx lynx; Martes; Turkey (country); Ursus arctos; Vulpes vulpes; badgers; cameras; carnivores; forests; habitat preferences; herbivores; nocturnal activity; statistical analysis; surveys; wild boars; wolves
Abstract:
... In this study, we aimed to determine the daily activity patterns and seasonal activity variations of the Eurasian lynx in different habitats (forests and open lands) in a geographical region where there are relatively few data on its ecological characteristics. Survey effort totaled 10 102 camera trap days, with 24 camera trap stations covering an area of approximately 650 km². Our results showed ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0103

49. Acoustic Detection of an Unknown Bat Species in Okinawa

Author:
Vladimir Dinets; Nicholas R. Friedman; Masashi Yoshimura; Masako Ogasawara; Evan P. Economo
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 353-356
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Chiroptera; Ryukyu Archipelago; acoustics; echolocation; mammals; rare species; ultrasonics
Abstract:
... Pipistrelles of the genus Hypsugo are among the rarest bats in Japan, known from a handful of records. In June 2018, a sequence of echolocation calls apparently by a bat of this genus was recorded by an automatic ultrasound recorder on the island of Okinawa. The calls closely resemble H. pulveratus, a Chinese species never before recorded in Japan, and H. alaschanicus, a very rare species in Japan ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0077

50. Age- and Sex-Associated Differences in the Diet of the Asian Black Bear: Importance of Hard Mast and Sika Deer

Author:
Tomoko Naganuma; Shinsuke Koike; Rumiko Nakashita; Chinatsu Kozakai; Koji Yamazaki; Shino Furusaka; Koichi Kaji
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.2 pp. 155-166
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Ursus thibetanus; Vespidae; adults; breeding season; deer; diet; overeating; stable isotopes
Abstract:
... In the context of reducing human–bear conflict, understanding potential foraging variation within a bear population yields insights into differences in foraging strategy according to an individual's sex and age. Stable isotope analyses reveal information regarding assimilated dietary components. To confirm the foraging variation of Asian black bears and assess its underlying factors, we conducted ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0051

51. Bi-Directional Movement of Deer between Tomogashima Islands and the Western Part of the Kii Peninsula, Japan, with Special Reference to Hybridization between the Japanese Sika Deer (Cervus nippon centralis) and the Introduced Exotic Deer

Author:
Toshihito Takagi; Yuki Matsumoto; Ryosuke Koda; Hidetoshi B. Tamate
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.2 pp. 133-141
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; deer; ecosystems; genes; hybrids; introgression; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA; population structure; Taiwan
Abstract:
... Deer have been artificially introduced into many countries that are not within their native range. In some cases, they have disturbed the natural ecosystem in the invaded area. On Okinoshima Island in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, exotic deer were introduced from Taiwan in 1955 and have since bred in the wild, raising concerns about their invasion into the habitats of, and hybridization with, the na ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0048

52. Camera-Trapping Two Felid Species: Monitoring Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx) and Wildcat (Felis silvestris) Populations in Mixed Temperate Forest Ecosystems

Author:
Anıl Soyumert
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 41-48
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Felis silvestris; Lynx lynx; camera trapping; cameras; carnivores; cats; fauna; forest ecosystems; habitats; hybridization; statistical analysis; surveys; temperate forests; wildlife; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... Documenting reliable and concrete data makes camera-trapping an appropriate tool for many secretive large mammals. Camera-trapping has been widely used for detecting the large mammal fauna of Turkey. However, systematic surveys and comprehensive assessments are still not sufficient for assessing wildlife populations in the country. In the present study, populations of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0046

53. Can Ferret Badgers (Melogale moschata) Cross the Rabies Epidemic Boundary in Western Taiwan?

Author:
Iang Huang; Han-Yu Lin; Guo-Jing Weng
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 189-199
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Melogale moschata; ferrets; gene flow; genetic variation; immunization; microsatellite repeats; rabies; rivers; Taiwan
Abstract:
... Taiwan was considered rabies-free for > 50 years until the disease reemerged in its ferret badger population (Melogale moschata) in 2013. Although it is still expanding slowly northward in eastern Taiwan, its spread in the west has thus far been halted by the Da-An River. To prevent diffusion of rabies, an immunization zone should be established along the epidemic boundary before further rabies ex ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0024

54. Climate Change Alarms the Survival of Near Threatened Species Malayan Giant Squirrel (Ratufa bicolor Sparrman, 1778) in India

Author:
Paromit Chatterjee; Basudev Tripathy; Kailash Chandra; Goutam Kumar Saha; Krishnendu Mondal
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 289-302
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ratufa; climate change; ex situ conservation; extinction; forest health; geographical distribution; habitats; herbivores; indicator species; squirrels; threatened species; India
Abstract:
... Ratufa bicolor is a diurnal, arboreal, and herbivorous rodent occurs mainly in evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of north-eastern India and known to be one of the forest health indicator species. The present study was conducted to enumerate the climatic factors governing the distribution of R. bicolor in its habitat range in India and their climatic refuge in the middle of the 21st century, bas ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0011

55. Density Estimates and Habitat Preferences of the European Hare (Lepus europaeus) on Mountainous Areas in Italy

Author:
Naldi Lorenzo; Greco Ilaria; Ferretti Marco; Zaccaroni Marco
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.2 pp. 123-131
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Lepus europaeus; altitude; climate; conservation areas; habitat preferences; habitats; hares; intensive farming; land cover; land use; models; mountains; population density; probability; vegetation; Italy
Abstract:
... The European hare (Lepus europaeus) populations are declining throughout Europe due to intensive agriculture and hunting pressure. In Italy, information on this species is biased and focused on plain terrains, while data over mountains are scant. The study aimed to fill such a research gap, providing estimates on the population density and habitat preferences on a suboptimal mountainous environmen ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0057

56. Diet of Mass-Stranded Striped Dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in Southern Japan (East China Sea)

Author:
Ayaka Matsuda; Tadasu K. Yamada; Yuko Tajima; Tatsuya Kunisue; Masao Amano; Takashi F. Matsuishi
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 17-24
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Loliginidae; Ommastrephidae; Stenella coeruleoalba; chi-square distribution; diet; females; males; muscles; prey species; stomach; East China Sea
Abstract:
... Striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) mass-stranded on 26 April 2013 at Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima Prefecture, in southern Japan (East China Sea). The diet of the mass-stranded striped dolphins was investigated to reveal their foraging pattern through analyses of the stomach contents and stable isotopes in muscle. Of 26 stomachs sampled, 25 contained hard parts of prey animals; no fleshy remains ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0005

57. Estimation of Sexual Maturity Based on Morphometrics of Genital Organs in Male Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus

Author:
Yukino Hirakawa; Takanori Horimoto; Ippei Suzuki; Yoko Mitani
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 41-51
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Callorhinus ursinus; Japan; discriminant analysis; epididymis; fur; histology; males; morphometry; ontogeny; seasonal variation; sexual maturity; spermatogenesis
Abstract:
... It's not always possible to obtain samples from dead male pinnipeds that are fresh enough to determine the histological characteristics of spermatogenesis and their stage of sexual maturity. We propose that the morphometrics of genital organs of northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus, can be used as a new indicator of sexual maturity. We analyzed data from collected records of male fur seals arou ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0004

58. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Scented Wooden Posts for DNA Hair Snagging of Brown Bears

Author:
Yoshikazu Sato; Hidetsugu Nakamura; Kobayashi Kyoko; Masanao Sekiguchi; Yuki Ishibashi; Tetsuji Itoh
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 213-218
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
DNA; Ursus arctos; creosote; mammals; odors; oils; population density; probability; turpentine; wood
Abstract:
... Estimating population density and monitoring demographic trends of large carnivores are hard to be done, as they, in general, occur at very low population densities over large ranges and are often elusive. We tested the utility of artificially scented wooden rubbing posts as a tool for DNA hair snagging of brown bears (Ursus arctos), which can be used for noninvasive population monitoring. To dete ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0045

59. Evolutionary and Anthropogenic Factors Affecting the Mitochondrial D-loop Genetic Diversity of Apodemus and Myodes Rodents on the Northern Slope of Mt. Fuji

Author:
Jun J. Sato; Haruka Aiba; Kouichi Ohtake; Shusaku Minato
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 315-325
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus argenteus; Apodemus speciosus; Japan; Myodes; anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; genetic variation; mitochondria; national parks; roads; topographic slope
Abstract:
... Nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial D-loop region were examined in three wild rodents (Apodemus argenteus, Apodemus speciosus, and Myodes smithii) on the northern slope of Mt. Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan, to elucidate the past evolutionary and present anthropogenic processes shaping their genetic diversity. Nucleotide diversity, median-joining network, and mismatch distribution analy ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0033

60. Features of Claw Marks of Masked Palm Civets: Effects of Using Claw Marks to Survey Raccoons

Author:
Chihiro Kase; Yusuke Eguchi
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 281-288
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Paguma larvata; Procyon lotor; claws; mammals
Abstract:
... We examined whether masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) would leave claw marks on wooden poles by having them climb poles experimentally. We also examined the features of civet's claw marks that are generally mistaken for claw marks of racoons (Procyon lotor). The test sessions included two conditions: square and round poles of different sizes (10, 15, and 20 cm). Civets climbed wooden poles regar ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0069

61. A Fin Whale from the Holocene (Quaternary) of Osaka City, Japan

Author:
Yoshihiro Tanaka; Hiroyuki Taruno
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.2 pp. 143-154
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Balaenoptera physalus; Holocene epoch; Japan; Pleistocene epoch; mammals; scapula; skull
Abstract:
... Specimen number OMNH-QV 4815, including the skull, mandibles, fused basihyal and thyrohyal, vertebrae, ribs, and scapula from the Namba Formation (Holocene), in Osaka City, Japan is identified as Balaenoptera physalus by having the thick anteriorly projected and laterally narrower basihyal and thyrohyal complex, and slender mandibles with laterally tilted coronoid processes. OMNH-QV 4815 is the se ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0044

62. The First Record of Sumatran Serow, Capricornis sumatraensis (Bovidae, Cetartiodactyla), in Gunung Ledang Johor National Park, a Tropical Forest Remnant on the Southern Malay Peninsula

Author:
Ain Ahmad Bakri Faiznur; Masatoshi Yasuda; Mohamed Maryati; Ikram Sharuddin Adlil; Mohd Salleh Halid
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 259-264
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Capricornis sumatraensis; Dipterocarpaceae; Elaeis guineensis; camera trapping; humans; national parks; tropical forests; Indonesia
Abstract:
... A 15-month camera-trapping study (7302 camera-days) was done in Gunung Ledang Johor National Park on the southern Malay Peninsula from July 2018 to October 2019. Six video images of the endangered Sumatran serow, Capricornis sumatraensis (Bovidae, Cetartiodactyla), were obtained. This is the first confirmation of a wild population of the species on the southern Malay Peninsula. Serows were photogr ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0022

63. First Record of the Long-Eared Bat (Plecotus; Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) on Urup Island Highlights the Obscure Taxonomic Problem

Author:
Ilya V. Artyushin; Yaroslav A. Red'kin; Kuniko Kawai; Sergei V. Kruskop
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 33-40
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Plecotus; fauna; genes; geography; mammals; mitochondria; morphometry; skull
Abstract:
... Fauna of the Kuril Islands is understood insufficiently; in particular, the distribution and taxonomic relationships of bats in this territory are definitely understudied. Long-eared bats (Plecotus spp.) were first captured on the island of Urup during an expedition organized by the Russian Geographical Society in 2019. This capture became the first record of an indigenous land mammal on this isla ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0070

64. Food Habits and Habitat Utilization of the Japanese Badger (Meles anakuma) in a Grassland/Forest Mosaic

Author:
Koji Hijikata; Masato Minami; Hideharu Tsukada
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 229-242
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Lumbricidae; Megascolecidae; Meles; badgers; biomass; dairy farming; diet; food availability; forests; fruits; grasslands; habitat preferences; habitats; soil; spring; staple foods; summer
Abstract:
... Like European badgers, Japanese badgers are known to use earthworms as a staple food. However, while European badgers mainly eat the family Lumbricidae, Japanese badgers are thought to primarily take the family Megascolecidae in forest areas. In this study, we investigated the feeding habits and habitat utilization of Japanese badgers inhabiting a mountainous dairy farm, where a previously less-in ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0073

65. Genetic Differentiation Among the Breeding Areas of the Spotted Seal, Phoca largha, Around Hokkaido, Japan

Author:
Noriko Azuma; Rena Negishi; Mari Kobayashi
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 77-83
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Phoca largha; breeding sites; cytochrome b; genes; genetic variation; haplotypes; mitochondria; mitochondrial genome; population structure; Japan
Abstract:
... We investigated the population structure of the spotted seal, Phoca largha, around Hokkaido, Japan, inferred from sequence variations of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Twenty-six haplotypes were identified in 52 individuals, and 21 of them were newly found in the present study. To detect population structure, samples were divided into three groups—Mamiya, Okhotsk, and Habomai—based on breedi ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0039

66. Geographic Skull Variation of the Japanese Weasel, Mustela itatsi in Islands Adjacent to Southern Kyushu

Author:
Satoshi Suzuki; Mitsuharu Matsumoto
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 27-39
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Mustela; islands; multivariate analysis; skull; Japan
Abstract:
... Skull morphology of Mustela itatsi from two islands adjacent to Kyushu, Kamikoshikijima and Yakushima Isls., Kagoshima Prefecture were compared with populations from mainland Japan. Although size and shape variation of these island populations were within whole species range of variation, the size variation was less than that of some mainland populations. In contrast, canonical variate analysis sh ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0023

67. Habitat Use and Abundance of Island-Endemic White-Tailed Deer in Panama

Author:
Jared F. Duquette; Eric E. Flores; Luis Ureña; Josué Ortega; Iliana Cisneros; Ricardo Moreno; Zachary Loman
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 13-25
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Odocoileus virginianus; animal trails; cameras; deer; ecotones; edge effects; females; feral animals; habitat preferences; habitats; humans; males; models; secondary forests; temperature; tourism; wildlife; Panama
Abstract:
... Although white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been studied extensively, ecological information lacks for O. virginianus rothschildi, a subspecies endemic to Coiba Island, Panama. A combination of camera traps (n = 29) deployed during March–July 2015 and Royle–Nichols occupancy model were used to estimate the sex-related detection, habitat use, and abundance of unmarked deer. No covariat ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0036

68. Hair Growth in Brown Bears and Its Application to Ecological Studies on Wild Bears

Author:
Mina Jimbo; Naoya Matsumoto; Hideyuki Sakamoto; Yojiro Yanagawa; Yoshiko Torii; Masami Yamanaka; Tsuyoshi Ishinazaka; Yuri Shirane; Mariko Sashika; Toshio Tsubota; Michito Shimozuru
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 337-345
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ursus arctos; biomarkers; ecology; fur; mammals; physiology; wildlife; winter
Abstract:
... Hair biomarkers have been widely used to study wildlife physiology and ecology. To apply this technique to practical studies, detailed information on hair growth is needed for each study species. This study measured hair growth patterns, including growth rate, periods of growth and shedding, and hair bulb structural changes in the brown bear. Hair growth was examined monthly in captive bears, and ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0021

69. Infant Pelage Color Change and Infant Handling in Captive Black-and-White Colobus

Author:
Taiki Okumura; Kei Nemoto; Colin A. Chapman; Ikki Matsuda
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 347-352
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Colobus guereza; Japan; body weight; color; fur; monkeys; neonates; social behavior
Abstract:
... Colobine monkeys generally spend less time each day engaged in social interactions than other primates. However, a notable feature of their social interaction involves females exchanging infants (i.e., infant handling). Here, we report on the handling of an infant in relation to pelage color change in a group of black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza) housed in the Japan Monkey Centre. We found ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0081

70. Introduction and Expansion History of the Masked Palm Civet, Paguma Larvata, in Japan, Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA Control Region and Cytochrome b Analysis

Author:
Yu Endo; Liang-Kong Lin; Koji Yamazaki; Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei; Shih-Wei Chang; Yen-Jean Chen; Keiji Ochiai; Shuuji Yachimori; Tomoko Anezaki; Yayoi Kaneko; Ryuichi Masuda
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Paguma larvata; cytochrome b; haplotypes; introduced species; mammals; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeny; Taiwan
Abstract:
... The masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) in Japan is considered as an alien species; however, the details on introduction routes to Japan and the expansion history are still unclear. In the present study, to further solve these questions, we analyzed the mitochondrial DNA control region (523 base-pairs) of 226 individuals from Japan and Taiwan, and identified 13 haplotypes, which are phylogeneticall ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0016

71. Mitochondrial DNA Analyses of Invasive Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in the Boso Peninsula, Japan

Author:
Kazuya Yoshida; Miki Hirose; Masami Hasegawa; Eiji Inoue
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 71-76
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Procyon lotor; ecological invasion; females; genetic analysis; genetic background; genetic markers; genetic variation; haplotypes; invasive species; landscapes; mammals; mitochondria; mitochondrial DNA; single nucleotide polymorphism; Central America; Japan
Abstract:
... Ecological genetic analyses have recently been applied to the field of biological invasions to describe the genetic background of the invasive species. The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is a medium-sized mammal that is native to North and Central America and has been naturalized into several countries worldwide. In the Boso Peninsula, Japan, raccoons were estimated to have been introduced during the 199 ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0030

72. Morphological and Histological Studies on the Epididymis and Deferent Duct of the Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica)

Author:
Anni Nurliani; Motoki Sasaki; Teguh Budipitojo; Toshio Tsubota; Nobuo Kitamura
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 201-211
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
absorption; adults; epididymis; epithelium; glycoproteins; habitat destruction; immunohistochemistry; indigenous species; mammals; metabolites; secretion; spermatozoa; Indonesia
Abstract:
... The Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) is an endemic species of Indonesia. The population of this species has been decreased by hunting and habitat loss. Understanding of reproductive characteristics is essential for the appropriate management of their population. However, there is little knowledge about reproductive features of this species. The epididymis and deferent duct are important organs f ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0061

73. Notes on Forefoot Characteristics of the Ryukyu Long-Furred Rat, Diplothrix legata, for Its Arboreal Lifestyle

Author:
Masahiro A. Iwasa; Yukibumi Kaneko; Shin-ichiro Kawada
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 253-258
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Zinnia; branches; geographical variation; lifestyle; rats
Abstract:
... Forefoot characteristics of the Ryukyu long-furred rat, Diplothrix legata, in the Amami-oshima, Tokunoshima, and Okinawajima Islands of the southern part of Japan (the Nansei Archipelago), were analyzed morphologically considering its arboreal lifestyle. The presence of a nail on the pollex was confirmed and seemed to be regarded as an arboreal feature, based on the presence of nails in other arbo ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0076

74. Opportunistic Food Habits of the Raccoon Dog — A Case Study on Suwazaki Peninsula, Shikoku, Western Japan

Author:
Seiki Takatsuki; Masakazu Inaba; Kiyokazu Hashigoe; Hiromitsu Matsui
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 25-32
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Nyctereutes procyonoides; Procyon lotor; autumn; case studies; diet; mammals; pericarp; pulp; spring; summer; temperate zones; trees; winter
Abstract:
... Despite of great variation of food habits of the raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) on the Japanese archipelago, information of the food habits of them in the warm temperate zone in southern Japan is limited. The food habits of them on Suwazaki Peninsula in western Shikoku Island, southwestern Japan, were studied using fecal analysis. The sampling period spanned May 2019 to April 2020. The po ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0061

75. Population Characteristics and Microhabitat Preference of Critically Endangered Kondana Soft-Furred Rat (Millardia kondana) in the Northern Western Ghats, India

Author:
Sameer B. Bajaru; Ranjit Manakadan
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.2 pp. 111-122
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
endangered species; habitat preferences; humans; longevity; mark-recapture studies; microhabitats; population density; rats; India
Abstract:
... Millardia kondana is a Critically Endangered species of rat, known only from four localities in India. All these sites were facing growing threats from grazing, fire, and infrastructure-, housing-, and tourism-development. Therefore, we conducted this study to examine the spatiotemporal variation in population density and size and habitat preference of M. kondana. We carried out live trapping of M ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0049

76. Records of Sika Deer Cervus nippon from the Southern Kuril Islands in 1986–2019, with Special Reference to a Continuous Record of Living Deer on Kunashir Island Since 2017

Author:
Evgeniy E. Kozlovskiy; Aleksandr A. Kisleiko; Tomoko Fukuda; Kuniko Kawai; Alexei V. Abramov; Satoshi D. Ohdachi
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.2 pp. 167-171
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; mammals
Abstract:
... The sika deer (Cervus nippon) is native to eastern Asia and commonly occurs on Hokkaido Island, northern Japan. The nearby localities of the southern Kuril Islands, located east of Hokkaido, have not been regarded as part of the sika deer's regular range, despite isolated observations and trace evidence described before 2017. Here we consolidate the information of the sika deer in the southern Kur ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0008

77. A Review of Wildlife Abundance Estimation Models: Comparison of Models for Correct Application

Author:
Hayato Iijima
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 177-188
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
animal ecology; mammals; mark-recapture studies; models; wildlife
Abstract:
... In this review, the various models to estimate wildlife abundance are organized for promoting the correct application of them in animal ecology. If individuals of the target wildlife are distinguishable, the capture-recapture (CR) model and the spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) model can be applied to the closed population and the Jolly-Seber (JS) model can be applied to the open populat ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0082

78. The Role of Postcranial Skeleton Morphology in Species Identification and Phylogeny Inferences: Gerbillinae (Rodentia: Muridae) as a Case Study

Author:
Kordiyeh Hamidi; Jamshid Darvish; Morteza Behnam-Rassouli
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.2 pp. 85-101
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Gerbillus; Meriones; Rhombomys; Tatera; case studies; digestion; hindlimbs; papain; phylogeny; skeleton; species identification; spine (bones); taxonomic keys; thorax; Iran
Abstract:
... Identification of rodents usually has been done based on cranial and dental characters. Postcranial skeleton has been ignored in spite of its importance in archaeozoology for identification of skeletal remains. Herein, we intended to determine the importance of postcranial skeleton in identification and classification of gerbilline rodents in Iran. Different skeletal parts of 82 specimens belonged ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0007

79. Seasonal Variation in and Nutritional Implications of the Diet Composition of a Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Population in a Heavily Browsed Habitat: Contribution of Canopy Subsidies

Author:
Mizuki Kaneko; Kazutaka M. Takeshita; Kiyoshi Tanikawa; Koichi Kaji
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 327-336
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; autumn; canopy; crude protein; deer; diet; habitats; nutritive value; seasonal variation; spring; summer; trees; winter
Abstract:
... Canopy subsidies have been attracting attention as food resources sustaining high-density deer populations in heavily browsed habitats; however, evaluation of the contribution of canopy subsidies to deer diets is still limited. We investigated the seasonal variation in and the nutritional value of the diet composition of a sika deer population in the Tanzawa Mountains using 126 rumen content sampl ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0006

80. Short-Term Fruiting Phenology Affects the Diet of an Omnivorous Carnivoran, the Tsushima Marten Martes melampus tsuensis

Author:
Yoko Okawara; Nozomi Nakanishi; Masako Izawa
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 49-61
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Diospyros kaki; Martes; autumn; feces; foraging; fruit consumption; fruiting; fruits; omnivores; persimmons; phenology; spring
Abstract:
... The availability of fruits, but not animal prey, to consumer species is strictly limited to the fruiting period of specific plant species. This study aimed to identify the short-term fruit consumption of an omnivorous carnivoran in relation to daily phenological changes in the number of ripe fruits of multiple fruiting species during peak fruiting seasons (spring and fall). We collected the scats ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0032

81. Skull Variation in Asian Moles of the Genus Euroscaptor (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae) in Vietnam

Author:
Bui Tuan Hai; Masaharu Motokawa; Shin-Ichiro Kawada; Alexei V. Abramov; Nguyen Truong Son
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 265-280
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Talpidae; allometry; altitude; geographical distribution; geographical isolation; moles; morphometry; skull; Vietnam
Abstract:
... The patterns of morphometric variation in skulls among different species and among intraspecies geographic populations, of five taxa (four species and one subspecies) of the mole genus Euroscaptor from Vietnam were investigated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted based on 16 measurements of 140 specimens. Four groups based on skull size and shape were identified: 1. E. kuznetsovi ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0058

82. Spatio-Temporal Association of Fishing Cats with the Mammalian Assemblages in the East Godavari Mangrove Delta, India

Author:
Anant Shankar; Nandani Salaria; Raveendranathanpillai Sanil; Sampath Deepan Chackaravarthy; Thekke Thumbath Shameer
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 303-313
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Felis chaus; Prionailurus viverrinus; anthropogenic activities; cameras; conservation areas; estuaries; habitats; humans; jackals; nocturnal activity; rivers; wetlands; India
Abstract:
... Extrapolation of spatio-temporal association in the guild of vulnerable wetland species like the fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus Bennet, 1833) can inform strategies for conservation action. Camera trap study was conducted at Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary (CWLS) and the adjoined mangroves located in the East Godavari River Estuarine system (EGREE) which harbours the second largest population of f ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0015

83. Spatiotemporal Patterns of Latrine-Site Use by Small-Clawed Otters in a Heterogeneous Rice Field Landscape

Author:
Aadrean .; Nisikawa Usio
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.2 pp. 103-110
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Aonyx; Pomacea canaliculata; biomass; landscapes; mammals; paddies; rice; statistical models; surveys; vegetative growth; wildlife; Indonesia
Abstract:
... Tropical rice fields with asynchronous growth stages provide a good model to investigate the effects of landscape heterogeneity on the use of agricultural landscapes by wildlife. The small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinereus) uses rice fields as latrine sites in Southeast Asia. Through a 53-week survey of latrine sites, we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of latrine-site use by small-clawed otters in ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0031

84. Tooth Morphology and Enamel Microstructure of the Lesser Bamboo Rat (Cannomys badius)

Author:
Jakritip Isarankura Na Ayudhya; Thanakul Wannaprasert
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 219-228
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cannomys badius; dissection; enamel; microstructure; rodents
Abstract:
... The lesser bamboo rat is a fossorial rodent monotypic within the genus Cannomys, family Spalacidae. The present study revealed the first detailed information on its dental morphology, particularly the enamel microstructure, as examined by stereoscopic dissection and scanning electron microscopy. The lesser bamboo rat possesses proodont incisors covered with orange-pigmented enamel on the smooth fr ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0074

85. Aneuploid Chromosome Constitutions of the Small Japanese Field Mouse, Apodemus argenteus, in the Western Mountainous Area of Kanagawa Prefecture, Honshu, Japan

Author:
Hikari Myoshu; Masahiro A. Iwasa
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.4 pp. 283-288
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus argenteus; B chromosomes; X chromosome; aneuploidy; females; fluorescence; karyotyping; mice; mountains; quinacrine; staining; Japan
Abstract:
... We studied an occurrence of chromosomal aneuploidy for ten individuals in the small Japanese field mouse, Apodemus argenteus, from the western mountainous area of Kanagawa Prefecture, Honshu, Japan. Eight of the individuals examined showed the standard 2n = 46 and FNa = 48 constitutions as the most frequent karyotype. However, of those eight individuals, seven carried an inter-cellular mosaicism w ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0002

86. Autumn Dietary Overlaps among Three Sympatric Mesocarnivores in the Central Part of Stara Planina Mountain, Bulgaria

Author:
Hiroshi Tsunoda; Stanislava Peeva; Evgeniy Raichev; Kairi Ito; Yayoi Kaneko
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.4 pp. 275-281
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Canis aureus; Martes foina; Vulpes vulpes; carnivores; eating habits; fruits; rodents; sympatry; Bulgaria
Abstract:
... Food habits and dietary overlaps of the three sympatric mesocarnivores (golden jackal Canis aureus, red fox Vulpes vulpes, and stone marten Martes foina) in a mountain-forest region in central Bulgaria were investigated. These species showed high dietary overlaps, commonly consuming rodents and fruits through studied period. Moreover, their dietary overlaps were higher in November that in the earl ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0068

87. Breeding Behavior of Mara [Dolichotis patagonum (Zimmermann, 1780)] in the Monte-Chaco Ecotone of Argentina

Author:
Ailin Gatica; Natalia M. Denkiewicz; Ana C. Ochoa
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.4 pp. 233-241
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
adults; alloparental behavior; breeding; breeding behavior; breeding season; cameras; ecotones; environmental factors; habitats; intraspecific variation; juveniles; monogamy; national parks; phylogeny; rodents; social behavior; survival rate; Argentina
Abstract:
... Phylogenetic constraints and ecological factors have been suggested as alternative key factors in the evolution of animal sociality. The mara (Dolichotis patagonum) is a cavid rodent endemic to Argentina that has the particularity of being monogamous with a communal breeding system. Researches on reproductive behavior of mara in its natural habitat have been restricted to Peninsula de Valdés (PV). ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0006

88. Characteristics of Pregnancy Following Mating in Three Types of Estrus in the Captive Harvest Mouse (Micromys minutus)

Author:
Reiko Ishiwaka; Hidetoshi Kakihara; Yasuhisa Masuda
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.4 pp. 253-259
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
copulation; estrus; females; gestation period; lactation; males; mice; models; pregnancy; pups; suckling; weaning
Abstract:
... Mating in harvest mice, Micromys minutus, was observed by introducing males to females that were in cyclic estrus (CE), that had just delivered pup (postpartum estrus, PPE), or that were not pregnant but lactating after PPE (lactational estrus after PPE: LEAP). Copulation leading to pregnancy and weaning of pups occurred at every trial for CE (n = 11) and for PPE (n = 6). In LEAP, estrus with copu ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0014

89. Contrasting Effect of Artificial Grasslands on the Intensity of Deer Browsing and Debarking in Forests

Author:
Kanoko Takarabe; Hayato Iijima
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.3 pp. 173-181
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; browsing; debarking; deer; environmental factors; foraging; forests; herbivores; keystone species; landscapes; meadows; pastures; probability; trees; understory; Japan
Abstract:
... Deer can strongly affect other species as a keystone species. The intensity of their herbivory impact on forest vegetation is suggested to be affected by not only deer density but also by other environmental factors such as landscape components. Especially, artificial grasslands such as pastures and meadows possibility affect deer impact on forest vegetation by altering deer foraging behavior. The ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0082

90. Dental Microwear Texture Analysis in Two Ruminants, Japanese Serow (Capricornis crispus) and Sika Deer (Cervus nippon), from Central Japan

Author:
Konoka Aiba; Shingo Miura; Mugino O. Kubo
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.3 pp. 183-192
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Capricornis; Cervus nippon; browsing; deer; diet; foraging; graminoids; grazing; herbivores; interspecific variation; surface roughness; sympatry; texture; Japan
Abstract:
... Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) can be used to quantitatively evaluate tooth surface roughness and has been used to distinguish herbivorous ungulates according to interspecific dietary differences among grazers, browsers, and mixed feeders. Moreover, DMTA has been applied among local populations with intraspecific dietary variation. In general, the tooth surfaces of grazing species/popula ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0081

91. Dietary Overlap But Spatial Gap between Sympatric Japanese Serow (Capricornis crispus) and Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) on Eastern Shikoku, Japan

Author:
Asuka Yamashiro; Yoshinori Kaneshiro; Yoichi Kawaguchi; Tadashi Yamashiro
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.4 pp. 261-267
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Capricornis; Cervus nippon; altitude; cameras; grasslands; habitats; sympatry; temperate zones; topographic slope; ungulates; Japan
Abstract:
... Spatial separation and dietary differences may allow the coexistence of similar sized ungulate species. Over the past two decades, populations of the sika deer (Cervus nippon) have increased markedly and overlapped with the habitats of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus). Recently, the Japanese serow population has declined and shifted its habitat from higher to lower altitudes in Shikoku, Ja ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0072

92. Ecological and Biological Characteristics for the Risso's Dolphins (Grampus griseus) Off Taiwan, with Conservation Evaluations on Potential Anthropogenic Threats

Author:
Hsin-Yi Yu; Ing Chen; Wen-Ta Li; Lien-Siang Chou
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.2 pp. 77-89
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cetacea; coasts; dolphins; fisheries; genetic variation; gillnets; group size; habitat preferences; heavy metals; sexual maturity; social structure; tissues; tourism; weaning; wildlife management; Taiwan
Abstract:
... Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) is one of the cetacean species commonly encountered off the eastern coast of Taiwan. The species appears to occur in Taiwanese waters year-round. Many biological and ecological characteristics, including group size, habitat preference, and ages at weaning and sexual maturity, are by-and-large in accord with earlier reports for populations in other geographic regio ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0038

93. The Effects of Visual Impediment on the Approaching Behavior of Harbor Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena

Author:
Tomoki Maezawa; Takashi Matsuishi; Kiyohide Ito; Seiichi Kaji; Masatoshi Tsunokawa; Jun I. Kawahara
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.3 pp. 205-213
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Phocoena phocoena; echolocation; swimming; vision
Abstract:
... Studies on odontocetes (e.g., porpoises) have revealed that these animals may adaptively use vision. The present study examined the contributions of vision to the approaching behavior of the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). When a porpoise approached a target, the time-to-contact perceived by the animal and its trajectory with a visual impediment condition were compared with those in the contr ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0012

94. The Efficiency of Discarded Drink Containers for Small Mammal Detection on a Mediterranean Mountain

Author:
Ignasi Torre; Irene Jiménez; Alexis Ribas; Antoni Arrizabalaga
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.4 pp. 243-252
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
beverages; bottles; cans; diet; feces; predators; rodents; shrews; small mammals; trapping
Abstract:
... We investigated the efficiency of discarded drink containers compared with other methods widely used in small mammal studies (live trapping and diet of generalist predators). We collected 225 beverage containers (bottles and cans) from 44 sampling places, and 376 small mammals of seven small mammal species were identified. Species accumulation curves emphasized significant differences between meth ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0025

95. First Record of Petinomys setosus (Rodentia: Sciuridae: Pteromyini) from Lao PDR

Author:
Daosavanh Sanamxay; Bounsavane Douangboubpha; Vilakhan Xayaphet; Phetphoumin Paphaphanh; Tatsuo Oshida; Masaharu Motokawa
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.2 pp. 141-146
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Sciuridae; color; face; fur; sodium; tail; villages; Laos; Thailand
Abstract:
... The first known occurrence of Petinomys setosus in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) was recorded from a single specimen collected at Na Mouang village in Vientiane province, which is approximately 240 km from its nearest known distribution in northwestern Thailand. We describe the morphological and cranial features of this specimen and discuss its occurrence in Lao PDR. The focal Laos specim ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0053

96. Genetic Structure of the Ryukyu Wild Boar Population on Tokunoshima Island (Japan) Based on Modern and Ancient DNA Analyses: Evidence of Recent Gene Flow from Pigs to Wild Boars

Author:
Ryohei Takahashi; Ryo Gushiken; Ken Nagata; Akito Shinzato; Sachi Sri Kantha; Mirai Yasuda
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.3 pp. 157-171
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Sus scrofa; alleles; archaeology; gene flow; genetic similarity; genetic structure; haplotypes; mitochondrial DNA; pseudogenes; swine; wild boars; Japan
Abstract:
... We investigated the genetic structure among populations of the Ryukyu wild boar (Sus scrofa riukiuanus) on Tokunoshima Island by analyzing DNA from modern and archaeological samples. Four and two mtDNA haplotypes were found in the modern and archaeological samples, respectively. One haplotype was shared between the modern and archaeological samples. Of the seven haplotypes, four were only found on ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0046

97. How Does the Japanese Water Shrew Chimarrogale platycephalus Cross the Concrete Walls of Check Dams?

Author:
Hiroaki Saito; Hiroshi Hashimoto; Teruaki Hino; Masaharu Motokawa
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.1 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
concrete; dams (hydrology); rivers; sediments; shrews; streams; surveys; Japan
Abstract:
... The concrete walls of check dams are considered a physical barrier for aquatic and semiaquatic animals that inhabit mountain streams. Traveling behaviors around concrete check dams by the Japanese water shrew Chimarrogale platycephalus, a semi-aquatic mammal, were directly observed via radio-tracking in Kamikoshi Stream in central Honshu, Japan. Traveling behaviors were mainly observed on the wet ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2017-0056

98. Morphological Analysis of Static Skull Variation in the Large Japanese Field Mouse, Apodemus speciosus (Rodentia: Muridae)

Author:
Jadab Kumar Biswas; Masaharu Motokawa
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.1 pp. 51-63
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus speciosus; allometry; discriminant analysis; females; males; mice; multivariate analysis; ontogeny; sexual dimorphism; skull; standard deviation
Abstract:
... Static skull morphological variation in the large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus) was analyzed using different indices of variability. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed sexual dimorphism in cranium and mandible sizes, among a total of 89 skulls (45 males and 44 females). The coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation (SD), and residuals of the standard deviation (RSD) wer ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0033

99. Nomadic Movement of Mongolian Gazelles Identified through the Net Squared Displacement Approach

Author:
Shunsuke Imai; Takehiko Y. Ito; Toshihiko Kinugasa; Masato Shinoda; Atsushi Tsunekawa; Badamjav Lhagvasuren
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.2 pp. 111-119
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Procapra; environmental factors; gazelles; migratory behavior; models; seasonal variation; steppes; Mongolia
Abstract:
... The Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa) that inhabit Mongolia's steppe and semi-desert travel several hundred kilometers each year. Their movement pattern has been considered nomadic, but the details of their movement patterns remain unclear. The aim of this study is to gain an overall perspective of the movement of Mongolian gazelles, which experience diverse environmental conditions with lar ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0052

100. Non-Invasive Age Estimation by Cranial Suture Closure in Japanese Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)

Author:
Jinwoo Oh; Masato Minami; Suzuna Ikeda; Seiki Takatsuki; Nobumasa Oonishi; Naoko Higuchi; Ayumi Okada; Junpei Kimura; Daisuke Koyabu
Source:
Mammal study 2019 v.44 no.3 pp. 147-155
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; age determination; Japan
Abstract:
... Although counting cementum annuli of lower incisor is a reliable method for age estimation in cervids, it inevitably involves the destruction of specimens. Here we studied the relationship between cranial suture closure patterns and age to test the possibility of cranial suture closure as a non-destructive age indicator in sika deer (Cervus nippon) specimens from Kinkazan Island, Japan, for which ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0065