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1. A Simple Cryopreservation Method for Efficient Isolation of Live Cells from Dead Animals

Author:
Michiya Sano; Ayako Kawanabe; Yaetsu Kurosawa; Yusuke Suzuki; Masahiro Takeda; Tomoaki Nakamura; Hisataka Iwata; Takehito Kuwayama; Koumei Shirasuna
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.2 pp. 103-111
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
ambient temperature; biodiversity conservation; cryopreservation; cytokines; dead animals; gene expression; lipopolysaccharides; mice; polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid; probability; vitrification; wild boars
Abstract:
... Cryopreservation of somatic tissues and cells can be applied to biodiversity conservation. Although vitrification is widely used for tissue cryopreservation, it is challenging to obtain viable cells in facilities that lack adequate experimental tools, such as zoos. In this study, we established a simple tissue cryopreservation method for obtaining viable cells. Using mouse tissues of the ears and ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0019

2. Are Northeastern Forests of Bangladesh Empty? Insights from Camera-Trapping into Spatiotemporal Activity Pattern of Mammals in a Semi-Evergreen National Park

Author:
Tania Zakir; Harish Debbarma; Rafia Mahjabin; Rasel Debbarma; Zaber Khan; Md. Mizanur Rahman Minu; Fatima Tuz Zahura; Muntasir Akash
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-17
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cuon alpinus; Felis chaus; Herpestidae; Prionailurus bengalensis; Scandentia; biodiversity; camera trapping; forests; national parks; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Bangladesh holds 191 km² semi-evergreen northeastern (NE) forests where systematic camera-trapping has never been carried out. An effort of 587 trap nights in Satchari National Park, a NE forest, revealed ten carnivores, two ungulates, two primates, two rodents, and one treeshrew (12 threatened in Bangladesh; of which three globally threatened; dhole and northern treeshrew were new discoveries). P ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0114

3. Caudal Vertebral Fragilities Related to Loss of a Tail Part in Two Species of the Japanese Field Mice

Author:
Masahiro A. Iwasa; Atsushi Hasegawa
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.2 pp. 125-131
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus argenteus; autotomy; vertebrae
Abstract:
... In the Japanese field mice, Apodemus argenteus and A. speciosus, loss of a tail part has often been observed under natural conditions. Such loss is considered a way of avoiding damage during physical accidents and attacks. Here, we studied the types of losses, types of caudal breakages, and breakage positions along the tail. The losses mainly consisted of intervertebral breakage (inter-VB) and int ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0056

4. Characterization of Molecular Markers of Testicular Cells in Red Pandas (Ailurus fulgens styani)

Author:
Jun-Hui An; Ling He; Rong Hou; Zhi-Gang Cai; Dong-Hui Wang; Ke-Yu Shi; Song-Rui Liu; Chan-Juan Yue; Yu-Liang Liu
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 197-204
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ailurus fulgens; GATA transcription factors; Sertoli cells; adults; digestion; enzymatic reactions; immunohistochemistry; male fertility; mammals; reproductive efficiency; reproductive success; spermatogonia
Abstract:
... Self-sustained populations of captive red panda were challenged by low reproductive success rate. Defining the different types of testicular cell and increasing the knowledge of male fertility was critical for the improvement of reproductive efficiency in red panda captive populations. Here, we firstly report the histological structure in red panda testes at various ages. Besides, our data also sh ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0080

5. Contribution of Acorn Masting to Food Composition and Body Condition of and Crop Damage by Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) Inhabiting Evergreen Forests in Japan

Author:
Akitaka Omori; Eiji Hosoi
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.2 pp. 65-75
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Castanopsis cuspidata; Japan; Sus scrofa; acorns; bamboos; body condition; crop damage; food composition; mammals; masting; stomach; wild boars
Abstract:
... We analyzed the stomach contents of wild boars (Sus scrofa) inhabiting evergreen forests in western Japan and found that they were dependent on the masting of acorns of Castanopsis cuspidata. The increased availability of C. cuspidata acorns positively affected their consumption by wild boars. In the good mast years, wild boars consumed C. cuspidata acorns from November to June of the following ye ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0024

6. External Morphological and Molecular Evidence of Natural Intrageneric Hybridization between Common and Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus × T. aduncus) from Japanese Waters

Author:
Daiki Inamori; Yuki F. Kita; Noriko Funasaka
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.2 pp. 133-140
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Tursiops aduncus; Tursiops truncatus; body length; bycatch; dolphins; females; haplotypes; males; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA
Abstract:
... Hybrid cetaceans occur in both captive and natural environments. This study is the first to describe the external morphological and genetic characterizations of natural intrageneric hybridization between the common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, and the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, T. aduncus, in Japanese waters. In November 2019, a stray dolphin was seen in Moriura Bay, Wakayama, Jap ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0039

7. First Observation of Pregnancy and Parturition in a Captive Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuata)

Author:
Shunya Ikeshima; Suguru Higa; Yuuta Mitani; Mariko Omata; Nozomi Kobayashi; Keiichi Ueda; Isao Kawazu
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
appetite; body temperature; captive animals; dolphins; females; flukes; gestation period; males; parturition; pregnancy; progesterone
Abstract:
... A female pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) successfully mated with a mature male in captivity on April 13, 2017. This mating event was followed by an evaluation of the plasma progesterone concentration, appetite, and rectum temperature of the dolphin during pregnancy. We recorded the progesterone profiles during pregnancy, the gestation period, and the parturition events. The proges ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0066

8. Morphological and Molecular Recharacterization of the Rodent Genus Mus from Nepal Based on Museum Specimens

Author:
Makoto Kishimoto; Masaru Kato; Hitoshi Suzuki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-12
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Mus musculus; altitude; color; cytochrome b; fur; genes; geometry; mice; mitochondria; morphometry; museums; nose; phylogeny; skull; taxonomy; Nepal
Abstract:
... The taxonomy and phylogeny of the subgenus Mus, the Eurasian lineage of the genus Mus, remain unresolved, even for the house mouse (Mus musculus). While the subgenus is diverse in Asia, few studies cover both its morphology and molecular phylogeny. We re-examined 70 specimens identified as M. cervicolor that were collected from central Nepal in 1968 and 1975 and are currently deposited in the Hokk ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0065

9. New Mitogenome of the Hainan Mole Mogera hainana and Taxonomic Implications Based on Molecular Data

Author:
Feiyun Tu; Xiaofei Zhai; Wenjing Zhao; Jichao Wang
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 57-63
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Bayesian theory; mitochondria; mitochondrial genome; moles; phylogeny; China
Abstract:
... The Hainan mole Mogera hainana was described as a full species by Thomas (1910), but its taxonomic status of this animal has been debated since then and remains controversial. In this study, we determined the mitochondrial genome of M. hainana. We also estimated its phylogenetic relationships using mitochondrial Cytb and nuclear Rag1 genes and conducted molecular species delimitation analyses usin ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0008

10. Origin and Abundance of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Winter Haulout at Benten-Jima Rock Off Cape Soya, Hokkaido, Japan between 2012–2017

Author:
Yoko Goto; Takeomi Isono; Shun Ikuta; Vladimir Burkanov
Source:
Mammal study 2022 v.47 no.2 pp. 87-101
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Eumetopias jubatus; Japan; coasts; mammals; surveys
Abstract:
... Benten-Jima Rock, located off Cape Soya, Hokkaido, has been a Steller sea lion (SSL; Eumetopias jubatus) winter haulout for decades. The animals usually occupy the site from October to May. Observations have been sporadic, although the population count started to increase in 2005. We have monitored SSL numbers since 2012 using several survey methods, such as observation by direct counting and remo ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0029

11. Predicting the Effect of Countermeasures for Crop-Raiding Japanese Macaques Using the Conditions of Human Settlements

Author:
Shota Mochizuki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 161-171
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
agricultural land; crop damage; electric fences; humans; models; questionnaires; surveys
Abstract:
... For macaque management, it is recommended that residents use countermeasures, such as psychological attacks using fireworks and other to drive macaques away from farmland. However, these require settlement-wide cooperation and continuous implementation. I surveyed residents within settlements and aimed to clarify the conditions under which countermeasures were successful. I hypothesized that the e ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0031

12. The Hole Size that the Japanese Marten (Martes melampus) can Pass through

Author:
Hironori Ueda; Soichiro Doyama; Yusuke Eguchi
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 3-11
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Martes; body size; body weight; excreta; mammals; seasonal variation; summer; winter
Abstract:
... The Japanese marten (Martes melampus) invades houses through holes and causes excrement problems. These holes should be covered to prevent the marten's intrusion into houses. However, there is no information about what size of hole they can squeeze through. Therefore, we investigated the sizes of the holes that they could pass through using three reared individuals in summer and winter. We put a b ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0010

13. A Fin Whale from the Holocene (Quaternary) of Osaka City, Japan

Author:
Yoshihiro Tanaka; Hiroyuki Taruno
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.2 pp. 143-154
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Balaenoptera physalus; Holocene epoch; Japan; Pleistocene epoch; mammals; scapula; skull
Abstract:
... Specimen number OMNH-QV 4815, including the skull, mandibles, fused basihyal and thyrohyal, vertebrae, ribs, and scapula from the Namba Formation (Holocene), in Osaka City, Japan is identified as Balaenoptera physalus by having the thick anteriorly projected and laterally narrower basihyal and thyrohyal complex, and slender mandibles with laterally tilted coronoid processes. OMNH-QV 4815 is the se ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0044

14. Abundance Estimates of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) Off the Western Coast of Hokkaido, Japan

Author:
Kaoru Hattori; Toshihide Kitakado; Takeomi Isono; Orio Yamamura
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 3-16
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Eumetopias jubatus; Japan; coasts; continental shelf; mammals; seasonal variation; spring; statistical analysis; Sea of Japan
Abstract:
... Aerial surveys were conducted to estimate the abundance of wintering populations of Steller sea lions (SSLs; Eumetopias jubatus) in the Sea of Japan originated from Russian waters using the line transect sampling method during spring from 2005 to 2019. The survey areas covered the continental shelf off the western coast of Hokkaido. A total of 28 196 km survey effort was made through the study per ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0030

15. Acoustic Detection of an Unknown Bat Species in Okinawa

Author:
Vladimir Dinets; Nicholas R. Friedman; Masashi Yoshimura; Masako Ogasawara; Evan P. Economo
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 353-356
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Chiroptera; Ryukyu Archipelago; acoustics; echolocation; mammals; rare species; ultrasonics
Abstract:
... Pipistrelles of the genus Hypsugo are among the rarest bats in Japan, known from a handful of records. In June 2018, a sequence of echolocation calls apparently by a bat of this genus was recorded by an automatic ultrasound recorder on the island of Okinawa. The calls closely resemble H. pulveratus, a Chinese species never before recorded in Japan, and H. alaschanicus, a very rare species in Japan ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0077

16. Are there Sexual Differences in the Autumn Food Habits of Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Suburban Area?

Author:
Ayaka Hasegawa; Yusuke Goto; Koji Yamazaki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 39-45
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Nyctereutes procyonoides; Procyon lotor; autumn; females; forage; humans; males; municipal solid waste; stomach; suburban areas
Abstract:
... We studied the autumn (September–November) food habits of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) by sampling the stomach contents of 64 individuals (male, n = 31; female, n = 33) killed on national roads in Ibaraki Prefecture. Our aim was to examine sex differences in the autumn food habits of raccoon dogs in suburban area where human related disturbances can occur on the raccoon dogs. The fre ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0079

17. Bats (Chiroptera) of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Dalat Plateau, Vietnam

Author:
Son Truong Nguyen; Thomas J. O'Shea; Jeffery A. Gore; Khoi Vu Nguyen; Thanh Trung Hoang; Masaharu Motokawa; Phuong Huy Dang; Minh Duc Le; Tham Thi Nguyen; Tatsuo Oshida; Hideki Endo; Tuan Anh Tran; Hai Tuan Bui; Tu Ngoc Ly; Duong Thuy Vu; Hang Thi Chu; Tu Tan Vuong
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 53-68
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Chiroptera; cryptic species; dry season; echolocation; habitats; insectivores; lactation; mammals; national parks; reproduction; species richness; wet season; Vietnam
Abstract:
... We determined species diversity, seasonal reproduction, and echolocation patterns in the bat community of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park (BNBNP), Lam Dong Province, on the Dalat Plateau of the Central Highlands of Vietnam. We documented 27 species with 211 individuals captured in 26 994 m² mist-net-hours and 3015 m² harp-trap-hours of effort. We found five species of pteropodids and 22 species of ins ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0024

18. Can Video Traps Reliably Detect Animals? Implications for the Density Estimation of Animals without Individual Recognition

Author:
Gota Yajima; Yoshihiro Nakashima
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 189-195
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; animal density; cameras; dogs; probability
Abstract:
... Several statistical models have recently been developed to estimate animal density using camera trappings without individual animal recognition. However, most models assume that detection by camera traps of animals passing a specific area of the camera view is perfect. A recently developed REST model (Nakashima et al. 2018; Journal of Applied Ecology 55: 735–744) also depends on the trapping rates ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0055

19. Comparative Morphology of the Male Genitalia of Japanese Muroidea Species

Author:
Takashi O. Yato; Masaharu Motokawa
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-10
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus speciosus; Cricetidae; blood; bone formation; cartilage; histology; male genitalia; mammals; penis
Abstract:
... We examined the morphology of the male genitalia of six Muridae and five Cricetidae in the Muroidea focusing on the medial and lateral bacular mounds, as well as their ossification patterns to discuss the diversity and the movement mechanism of the trident structure. All examined species possessed a medial bacular mound and two lateral bacular mounds, which collectively formed a trident structure. ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0096

20. Comparison of Age-at-Death Patterns in the Irruption and Post-Population-Crash Phases of an Introduced Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Population

Author:
Kazutaka M. Takeshita; Mugino O. Kubo; Mayumi Ueno; Mari Ishizaki; Hiroshi Takahashi; Tsuyoshi Yoshida; Hiromasa Igota; Takashi Ikeda; Koichi Kaji
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 77-84
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; adverse effects; data collection; deer; fawns; probability; yearlings
Abstract:
... Age-specific changes in deer demographic parameters under food limitation are an important factor in predicting the post-population-crash dynamics of irruptive deer populations. To evaluate the differences in age-class-at-death between the initial irruption and post-population-crash phases of a sika deer (Cervus nippon) population, we analyzed a dataset of naturally dead carcasses from an introduc ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0009

21. Development of a Camera-Installed Nest Box for Small Mammals and Its Application in Reproductive Schedule Estimation for the Okinawa Spiny Rat

Author:
Nobuhiko Kotaka; Masatoshi Yasuda; Takuya Shimada
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.2 pp. 77-85
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ryukyu Archipelago; adults; autumn; body size; cameras; models; nest boxes; nests; rats; reproduction; winter
Abstract:
... To estimate the reproductive schedule of the Okinawa spiny rat on the basis of its body size distribution, we developed a nest box with an auto-trigger camera. Three camera-installed nest boxes were used in the field in the northern part of Okinawa Island beginning in September 2015. The distance between eyes, an index of body size, was measured in 850 images of spiny rats. The reproductive schedu ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0025

22. Diel Activity Patterns of Three Sympatric Medium-Sized Carnivores during Winter and Spring in a Heavy Snowfall Area in Northeastern Japan

Author:
Ryoga Watabe; Masayuki U. Saito
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 69-75
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Procyon lotor; cameras; diel activity; forests; mammals; snow; spring; sympatry; winter
Abstract:
... In a heavy snowfall area in northeastern Japan, we clarified the diel activity patterns of and seasonal differences in three sympatric carnivores (red foxes, raccoon dogs, and Japanese martens) during winter and spring, and the interspecific differences among the activity patterns in each season. The activity time of the target species was obtained by camera-trap surveys at seven sites around the ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0039

23. Diet of Mass-Stranded Striped Dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in Southern Japan (East China Sea)

Author:
Ayaka Matsuda; Tadasu K. Yamada; Yuko Tajima; Tatsuya Kunisue; Masao Amano; Takashi F. Matsuishi
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 17-24
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Loliginidae; Ommastrephidae; Stenella coeruleoalba; chi-square distribution; diet; females; males; muscles; prey species; stomach; East China Sea
Abstract:
... Striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) mass-stranded on 26 April 2013 at Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima Prefecture, in southern Japan (East China Sea). The diet of the mass-stranded striped dolphins was investigated to reveal their foraging pattern through analyses of the stomach contents and stable isotopes in muscle. Of 26 stomachs sampled, 25 contained hard parts of prey animals; no fleshy remains ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0005

24. Dietary Protein Deficiency Affects Food Consumption and Torpor in the African Woodland Dormouse (Graphiurus murinus)

Author:
Takeshi Eto; Sayako Hidaka; Hiroki Shichijo; Goro A. Nagura-Kato; Tetsuo Morita
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 13-21
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Gliridae; cecum; coprophagy; dietary protein; energy content; energy intake; fermentation; food consumption; food shortages; high protein diet; hindgut; nutritional status; protein deficiencies; protein metabolism; resting periods; rodents; thermal stress; woodlands
Abstract:
... Many heterotherms employ torpor to conserve energy to cope with food shortage. Food shortage affects not only energy budgets but also other aspects of nutritional status. In addition to serving as an energy substrate, dietary proteins also provide vital nutrients including essential amino acids, some of which cannot be synthesized de novo. We evaluated the hypothesis that dietary protein deficienc ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0102

25. Different Responses of Endemic and Alien Tree Squirrels to Tree Seed Chemicals

Author:
Noriko Tamura; Mutsumi Ito; Fumio Hayashi
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 237-250
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Callosciurus; Quercus; food choices; food consumption; introduced species; limonene; tannins; trees
Abstract:
... Quercus acorns and coniferous cones are the main food sources for tree squirrels, and the chemical contents of seeds, such as tannins and terpenes, are predicted to affect the squirrels' food preference. The tolerance of squirrels to chemical contents may vary between species that have evolved in different environments. The consumption of artificial food containing tannic acids or terpenes were co ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0108

26. Effects of Vegetation Structure on the Habitat Utilization of Free-Ranging Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) in a Coniferous Plantation Area

Author:
Akira Chijiiwa; Akisato Nishimura
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 143-152
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Macaca fuscata; bamboos; coniferous forests; deciduous forests; edge effects; food availability; food composition; food plants; habitat conservation; habitats; home range; mammals; rural areas; surveys; vegetation structure
Abstract:
... We studied home range use of crop-raiding Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in Shiga Prefecture, central Japan, to address the effects of vegetation structure, specifically forest edge, on their habitat utilization. We compared the home range use of a troop inhabiting a rural area surrounded by a coniferous plantation with that of a troop inhabiting deciduous/coniferous forest mixed area. We then ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0069

27. Estimation of Sexual Maturity Based on Morphometrics of Genital Organs in Male Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus

Author:
Yukino Hirakawa; Takanori Horimoto; Ippei Suzuki; Yoko Mitani
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 41-51
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Callorhinus ursinus; Japan; discriminant analysis; epididymis; fur; histology; males; morphometry; ontogeny; seasonal variation; sexual maturity; spermatogenesis
Abstract:
... It's not always possible to obtain samples from dead male pinnipeds that are fresh enough to determine the histological characteristics of spermatogenesis and their stage of sexual maturity. We propose that the morphometrics of genital organs of northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus, can be used as a new indicator of sexual maturity. We analyzed data from collected records of male fur seals arou ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0004

28. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Scented Wooden Posts for DNA Hair Snagging of Brown Bears

Author:
Yoshikazu Sato; Hidetsugu Nakamura; Kobayashi Kyoko; Masanao Sekiguchi; Yuki Ishibashi; Tetsuji Itoh
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 213-218
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
DNA; Ursus arctos; creosote; mammals; odors; oils; population density; probability; turpentine; wood
Abstract:
... Estimating population density and monitoring demographic trends of large carnivores are hard to be done, as they, in general, occur at very low population densities over large ranges and are often elusive. We tested the utility of artificially scented wooden rubbing posts as a tool for DNA hair snagging of brown bears (Ursus arctos), which can be used for noninvasive population monitoring. To dete ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2018-0045

29. Evolutionary and Anthropogenic Factors Affecting the Mitochondrial D-loop Genetic Diversity of Apodemus and Myodes Rodents on the Northern Slope of Mt. Fuji

Author:
Jun J. Sato; Haruka Aiba; Kouichi Ohtake; Shusaku Minato
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 315-325
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus argenteus; Apodemus speciosus; Japan; Myodes; anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; genetic variation; mitochondria; national parks; roads; topographic slope
Abstract:
... Nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial D-loop region were examined in three wild rodents (Apodemus argenteus, Apodemus speciosus, and Myodes smithii) on the northern slope of Mt. Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan, to elucidate the past evolutionary and present anthropogenic processes shaping their genetic diversity. Nucleotide diversity, median-joining network, and mismatch distribution analy ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0033

30. Factors Affecting Pre-Denning Activity in Asian Black Bears

Author:
Seungyun Baek; Tadashi Iwasaki; Koji Yamazaki; Tomoko Naganuma; Akino Inagaki; Kahoko Tochigi; Maximilian L. Allen; Chinatsu Kozakai; Shinsuke Koike
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Ursus thibetanus; hibernation; life history; mammals; process control
Abstract:
... Hibernation (denning) is an important aspect of the life history of Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus), and denning chronology can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. We investigated activity patterns during the pre-denning period of Asian black bears using statistical process control in combination with activity sensors to quantitatively identify a marked reduction in activity from 200 ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0101

31. Factors Influencing Habitat-Use of Indian Grey Wolf in the Semiarid Landscape of Western India

Author:
Prashant Mahajan; Dharmendra Khandal; Kapil Chandrawal
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 23-37
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Boselaphus tragocamelus; conservation areas; decline; forests; habitat destruction; habitat preferences; humans; landscapes; population size; probability; shrublands; wolves; India
Abstract:
... Wolves play a crucial role in shaping ecological communities as an apex predator in the dry-open forests of semi-arid landscapes in India. Large scale habitat loss pertaining to human expansion and retaliatory killing by human caused severe decline in the wolf population across its range. The estimated wolf population size is close to 2000–3000 individuals in India; however, these estimates were d ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0029

32. First Record of the Long-Eared Bat (Plecotus; Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) on Urup Island Highlights the Obscure Taxonomic Problem

Author:
Ilya V. Artyushin; Yaroslav A. Red'kin; Kuniko Kawai; Sergei V. Kruskop
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 33-40
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Plecotus; fauna; genes; geography; mammals; mitochondria; morphometry; skull
Abstract:
... Fauna of the Kuril Islands is understood insufficiently; in particular, the distribution and taxonomic relationships of bats in this territory are definitely understudied. Long-eared bats (Plecotus spp.) were first captured on the island of Urup during an expedition organized by the Russian Geographical Society in 2019. This capture became the first record of an indigenous land mammal on this isla ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0070

33. Food Habits and Habitat Utilization of the Japanese Badger (Meles anakuma) in a Grassland/Forest Mosaic

Author:
Koji Hijikata; Masato Minami; Hideharu Tsukada
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 229-242
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Lumbricidae; Megascolecidae; Meles; badgers; biomass; dairy farming; diet; food availability; forests; fruits; grasslands; habitat preferences; habitats; soil; spring; staple foods; summer
Abstract:
... Like European badgers, Japanese badgers are known to use earthworms as a staple food. However, while European badgers mainly eat the family Lumbricidae, Japanese badgers are thought to primarily take the family Megascolecidae in forest areas. In this study, we investigated the feeding habits and habitat utilization of Japanese badgers inhabiting a mountainous dairy farm, where a previously less-in ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0073

34. Genetic Analysis of a Newly Established Deer Population Expanding in the Sasebo Area in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan Reveals No Evidence of Genetic Disturbance by Formosan Sika Deer

Author:
Junco Nagata; Masatoshi Yasuda; Asuka Yamashiro
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 251-263
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; deer; forestry; genetic analysis; haplotypes; hybridization; invasive species; mitochondrial DNA; vegetation
Abstract:
... Native sika deer (Cervus nippon) had not been observed in and around Sasebo City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. However, deer have recently been confirmed in this area, and the number of individuals and the range have been expanding, causing damage to forestry and natural vegetation. Although the origin of these deer is unknown, it may be derived from Formosan sika deer (C. n. taiouanus), wh ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0084

35. Genetic Assessment on the Origin of Alien Macaques in the Boso Peninsula in Japan

Author:
Yoshi Kawamoto
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 173-186
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Y chromosome; genes; haplotypes; hybridization; introduced species; mammals; microsatellite repeats; mitochondrial DNA; vaccines; China; Indochina
Abstract:
... Japanese macaques and alien macaques have hybridized in the Boso Peninsula, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. In this study, the origin of the alien species was investigated by molecular assessments with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome genes. Maternal origin was assessed by comparing mtDNA sequence records. The results suggested that the alien species in the southern part of peninsula originated ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0078

36. Hair Growth in Brown Bears and Its Application to Ecological Studies on Wild Bears

Author:
Mina Jimbo; Naoya Matsumoto; Hideyuki Sakamoto; Yojiro Yanagawa; Yoshiko Torii; Masami Yamanaka; Tsuyoshi Ishinazaka; Yuri Shirane; Mariko Sashika; Toshio Tsubota; Michito Shimozuru
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 337-345
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ursus arctos; biomarkers; ecology; fur; mammals; physiology; wildlife; winter
Abstract:
... Hair biomarkers have been widely used to study wildlife physiology and ecology. To apply this technique to practical studies, detailed information on hair growth is needed for each study species. This study measured hair growth patterns, including growth rate, periods of growth and shedding, and hair bulb structural changes in the brown bear. Hair growth was examined monthly in captive bears, and ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0021

37. Human Effects on Habitat Use of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata): Importance of Forest Edges

Author:
Hiroshi Ebihara; Seiki Takatsuki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 131-141
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Macaca fuscata; autumn; conifers; cropland; deciduous forests; deforestation; habitat fragmentation; habitat preferences; habitats; humans; selection index; summer; winter
Abstract:
... Habitats of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) have been modified by human activities such as deforestation, conifer plantation, agriculturalization, and forest fragmentation. Such modifications likely affect habitat use of the macaques. We examined the habitat use of two macaque troops: a “forest troop” and a “cropland troop”. We focused on forest edges, which have not been previously categori ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0076

38. Human–Macaque Conflicts in Shrinking Communities: Recent Achievements and Challenges in Problem Solving in Modern Japan

Author:
Hiroto Enari
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 115-130
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Macaca fuscata; conflict management; mammals; people
Abstract:
... The populations of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), which were vulnerable until the early 20th century, have recently recovered. However, this recovery process has rarely been hailed as a conservation success, because it has triggered serious conflicts between people and the macaques. The key exacerbating causes of the conflicts have been the drastic changes in the interrelations between the ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0056

39. Mitochondrial DNA Haplotypes of Killer Whales around Hokkaido, Japan

Author:
Yoko Mitani; Yuki F. Kita; Shigeo Saino; Motoi Yoshioka; Hiroshi Ohizumi; Fumio Nakahara
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 205-211
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Orcinus orca; coasts; cytochrome b; databases; ecotypes; genetic variation; haplotypes; mammals; mitochondrial DNA; mitochondrial genome; nucleotide sequences
Abstract:
... In this study, we examined a genetic variation of killer whales, Orcinus orca, from off the coast of Hokkaido, Japan, by sequencing the D-loop and cytochrome b (Cyt-b) regions of the mitochondrial genome. Three D-loop and two Cyt-b haplotypes were identified from eight skin biopsies. These five haplotypes had been previously deposited at GenBank and the International Nucleotide Sequence Database C ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0072

40. Morphological and Histological Studies on the Epididymis and Deferent Duct of the Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica)

Author:
Anni Nurliani; Motoki Sasaki; Teguh Budipitojo; Toshio Tsubota; Nobuo Kitamura
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 201-211
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
absorption; adults; epididymis; epithelium; glycoproteins; habitat destruction; immunohistochemistry; indigenous species; mammals; metabolites; secretion; spermatozoa; Indonesia
Abstract:
... The Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) is an endemic species of Indonesia. The population of this species has been decreased by hunting and habitat loss. Understanding of reproductive characteristics is essential for the appropriate management of their population. However, there is little knowledge about reproductive features of this species. The epididymis and deferent duct are important organs f ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0061

41. New Dental Anomalies in the Greater Japanese Shrew Mole Urotrichus talpoides (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae)

Author:
Shinya Okabe; Akio Shinohara; Masaharu Motokawa
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-7
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Talpidae; dogs; moles; shrews
Abstract:
... Dental anomalies in the greater Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides Temminck, 1841 (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae) were examined, based on 1001 specimens. We followed the dental formula of U. talpoides I 2/1, C 1/1, P 4/3, M 3/3 = 36, which is adopted by the most recent Japanese researchers, and found dental anomalies in 17 specimens involving 12 instances of absent tooth, four of extra tooth, and o ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0095

42. New Humpback Whale Remains from the Holocene (Quaternary) of Osaka, Japan

Author:
Yoshihiro Tanaka; Hiroyuki Taruno
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.4 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Holocene epoch; Japan; Megaptera novaeangliae; adults; body length; coracoid; humerus; scapula; whales
Abstract:
... The generic name of the humpback whale, Megaptera was named after their forelimb, which means a “large wing”. New whale remains (specimen number: OMNH-QV 60) including the right scapula, humerus, and radius from the Namba Formation, Holocene in Osaka, Japan is reported as a humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae based on diagnoses of the species; having reduced acromion and coracoid processes of t ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0007

43. Observation of Infanticide in the Particolored Flying Squirrel (Hylopetes alboniger) from a Forest in Northeastern Bangladesh

Author:
Sabit Hasan; Hassan Al-Razi; Tanvir Ahmed; Habibon Naher; Sabir Bin Muzaffar
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 265-268
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
adults; conspecificity; forests; national parks; sexual selection; Bangladesh
Abstract:
... Infanticide, the intentional killing of conspecific infants, has been observed widely in mammals, including squirrels. Several ground squirrels revealed this behavioral anomaly, yet no report has been published on the flying squirrels. We report an observation of killing an infant of the particolored flying squirrel (Hylopetes alboniger) by a conspecific adult intruder in Satchari National Park of ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0098

44. Population Characteristics and Microhabitat Preference of Critically Endangered Kondana Soft-Furred Rat (Millardia kondana) in the Northern Western Ghats, India

Author:
Sameer B. Bajaru; Ranjit Manakadan
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.2 pp. 111-122
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
endangered species; habitat preferences; humans; longevity; mark-recapture studies; microhabitats; population density; rats; India
Abstract:
... Millardia kondana is a Critically Endangered species of rat, known only from four localities in India. All these sites were facing growing threats from grazing, fire, and infrastructure-, housing-, and tourism-development. Therefore, we conducted this study to examine the spatiotemporal variation in population density and size and habitat preference of M. kondana. We carried out live trapping of M ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0049

45. Potency of Individual Identification of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) Using a Face Recognition System and a Limited Number of Learning Images

Author:
Yosuke Otani; Hitoshi Ogawa
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 85-93
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Macaca fuscata; animal research; artificial intelligence; face; researchers; stakeholders; wildlife
Abstract:
... Individual identification is an important technique in animal research that requires researcher training and specialized skillsets. Face recognition systems using artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning have been put into practical use to identify in humans and animals, but a large number of annotated learning images are required for system construction. In wildlife research cases, it is diffic ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0071

46. Reasons for the Dissatisfaction of Residents with the Recent Reduction in the Amount of Crop Damage by Japanese Macaques—a Case Study in a Typical Depopulating Prefecture in Northern Japan

Author:
Haruka S. Enari; Hiroto Enari
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.2 pp. 153-160
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Macaca fuscata; case studies; conflict management; crop damage; decision making; human population; mammals; questionnaires; spatial data; statistics; urban agriculture
Abstract:
... A decrease in the amount of crop damage by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) is often defined as the primary official goal for conflict resolution. Recent government-led countermeasures have resulted in a decline in the amount of such damage, at least per the government statistics; however, residents rarely recognize this decline as a success of conflict management. We hypothesized that this unex ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0060

47. Seasonal Diel Activity Patterns of Three Sympatric Ungulates in Forested Area in Central Japan

Author:
Takashi Ikeda; Satuski Nakamori; Masaki Ando; Takumi Shirakawa; Takuya Okamoto; Masatsugu Suzuki
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.47 no.1 pp. 47-56
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; cameras; diel activity; forests; nocturnal activity; sympatry; wild boars
Abstract:
... The diel activity pattern is a key factor in the coexistence mechanism of sympatric wild animals, enabling temporal niche partitioning. Although previous studies on sympatric ungulates (sika deer, Japanese serow, and wild boar) have reported dietary and spatial niche partitioning, temporal niche partitioning in these sympatric ungulates is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2021-0031

48. Selection of the Young Coconut Mesocarp by the Sulawesi Babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis)

Author:
Masaaki Ito; Alastair A. Macdonald; Kristin Leus; Yamato Hasegawa; I Wayan Balik; I Wayan Gede Bandem Arimbawa; I Dewa Gede Agung Atmaja
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 213-223
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Babyrousa celebensis; coconuts; comparative study; hardness; hulls; mammals; mesocarp; surface area; volatile compounds; Indonesia
Abstract:
... The feeding behaviours of the Sulawesi babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis) in terms of its preference to eat the mesocarp, or husk, of immature coconuts (Cocos nucifera) and the feeding marks on leftover coconuts were observed. Additionally, to explore the physicochemical factors behind this preference, a comparative study was conducted on the basal and apical parts of the coconut mesocarp. The breaki ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0059

49. Short-Term Fruiting Phenology Affects the Diet of an Omnivorous Carnivoran, the Tsushima Marten Martes melampus tsuensis

Author:
Yoko Okawara; Nozomi Nakanishi; Masako Izawa
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. 49-61
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Diospyros kaki; Martes; autumn; feces; foraging; fruit consumption; fruiting; fruits; omnivores; persimmons; phenology; spring
Abstract:
... The availability of fruits, but not animal prey, to consumer species is strictly limited to the fruiting period of specific plant species. This study aimed to identify the short-term fruit consumption of an omnivorous carnivoran in relation to daily phenological changes in the number of ripe fruits of multiple fruiting species during peak fruiting seasons (spring and fall). We collected the scats ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0032

50. Spatial Genetic Structure of the Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Population on Yakushima: Significant Genetic Differentiation on a Small Island

Author:
Chisato Terada; Tetsukazu Yahara; Arika Kuroiwa; Takashi Saitoh
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.3 pp. 225-235
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; computer software; gene flow; genetic structure; genetic variation; landscapes; local government; mammals; microsatellite repeats; population structure; rivers
Abstract:
... The sika deer population on Yakushima Island exhibits high genetic diversity despite the small size of the island. We hypothesized that the high genetic diversity of the population had been maintained by the population structure, which included several subpopulations among which gene flow was limited. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the spatial genetic structure of the population using 12 mic ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0088