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1. Abundance Estimates of Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus) Off the Western Coast of Hokkaido, Japan

Author:
Hattori, Kaoru; Kitakado, Toshihide; Isono, Takeomi; Yamamura, Orio
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 3-16
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Eumetopias jubatus; Japan; coasts; continental shelf; mammals; seasonal variation; spring; statistical analysis; Sea of Japan
Abstract:
... Aerial surveys were conducted to estimate the abundance of wintering populations of Steller sea lions (SSLs; Eumetopias jubatus) in the Sea of Japan originated from Russian waters using the line transect sampling method during spring from 2005 to 2019. The survey areas covered the continental shelf off the western coast of Hokkaido. A total of 28 196 km survey effort was made through the study per ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0030

2. Bats (Chiroptera) of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Dalat Plateau, Vietnam

Author:
Nguyen, Son Truong; O'Shea, Thomas J.; Gore, Jeffery A.; Nguyen, Khoi Vu; Hoang, Thanh Trung; Motokawa, Masaharu; Dang, Phuong Huy; Le, Minh Duc; Nguyen, Tham Thi; Oshida, Tatsuo; Endo, Hideki; Tran, Tuan Anh; Bui, Hai Tuan; Ly, Tu Ngoc; Vu, Duong Thuy; Chu, Hang Thi; Vuong, Tu Tan
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 53-68
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Chiroptera; cryptic species; dry season; echolocation; habitats; insectivores; lactation; mammals; national parks; reproduction; species richness; wet season; Vietnam
Abstract:
... We determined species diversity, seasonal reproduction, and echolocation patterns in the bat community of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park (BNBNP), Lam Dong Province, on the Dalat Plateau of the Central Highlands of Vietnam. We documented 27 species with 211 individuals captured in 26 994 m² mist-net-hours and 3015 m² harp-trap-hours of effort. We found five species of pteropodids and 22 species of ins ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0024

3. Diel Activity Patterns of Three Sympatric Medium-Sized Carnivores during Winter and Spring in a Heavy Snowfall Area in Northeastern Japan

Author:
Watabe, Ryoga; Saito, Masayuki U.
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 69-75
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Procyon lotor; cameras; diel activity; forests; mammals; snow; spring; sympatry; winter
Abstract:
... In a heavy snowfall area in northeastern Japan, we clarified the diel activity patterns of and seasonal differences in three sympatric carnivores (red foxes, raccoon dogs, and Japanese martens) during winter and spring, and the interspecific differences among the activity patterns in each season. The activity time of the target species was obtained by camera-trap surveys at seven sites around the ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0039

4. Potency of Individual Identification of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) Using a Face Recognition System and a Limited Number of Learning Images

Author:
Otani, Yosuke; Ogawa, Hitoshi
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 85-93
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Macaca fuscata; animal research; artificial intelligence; face; researchers; stakeholders; wildlife
Abstract:
... Individual identification is an important technique in animal research that requires researcher training and specialized skillsets. Face recognition systems using artificial intelligence (AI) deep learning have been put into practical use to identify in humans and animals, but a large number of annotated learning images are required for system construction. In wildlife research cases, it is diffic ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0071

5. Comparison of Age-at-Death Patterns in the Irruption and Post-Population-Crash Phases of an Introduced Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Population

Author:
Takeshita, Kazutaka M.; Kubo, Mugino O.; Ueno, Mayumi; Ishizaki, Mari; Takahashi, Hiroshi; Yoshida, Tsuyoshi; Igota, Hiromasa; Ikeda, Takashi; Kaji, Koichi
Source:
Mammal study 2021 v.46 no.1 pp. 77-84
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; Japan; adverse effects; data collection; deer; fawns; probability; yearlings
Abstract:
... Age-specific changes in deer demographic parameters under food limitation are an important factor in predicting the post-population-crash dynamics of irruptive deer populations. To evaluate the differences in age-class-at-death between the initial irruption and post-population-crash phases of a sika deer (Cervus nippon) population, we analyzed a dataset of naturally dead carcasses from an introduc ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0009

6. Diet of Mass-Stranded Striped Dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in Southern Japan (East China Sea)

Author:
Matsuda, Ayaka; Yamada, Tadasu K.; Tajima, Yuko; Kunisue, Tatsuya; Amano, Masao; Matsuishi, Takashi F.
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 17-24
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Loliginidae; Ommastrephidae; Stenella coeruleoalba; chi-square distribution; diet; females; males; muscles; prey species; stomach; East China Sea
Abstract:
... Striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) mass-stranded on 26 April 2013 at Minamisatsuma, Kagoshima Prefecture, in southern Japan (East China Sea). The diet of the mass-stranded striped dolphins was investigated to reveal their foraging pattern through analyses of the stomach contents and stable isotopes in muscle. Of 26 stomachs sampled, 25 contained hard parts of prey animals; no fleshy remains ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0005

7. Estimation of Sexual Maturity Based on Morphometrics of Genital Organs in Male Northern Fur Seals, Callorhinus ursinus

Author:
Hirakawa, Yukino; Horimoto, Takanori; Suzuki, Ippei; Mitani, Yoko
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 41-51
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Callorhinus ursinus; Japan; discriminant analysis; epididymis; fur; histology; males; morphometry; ontogeny; seasonal variation; sexual maturity; spermatogenesis
Abstract:
... It's not always possible to obtain samples from dead male pinnipeds that are fresh enough to determine the histological characteristics of spermatogenesis and their stage of sexual maturity. We propose that the morphometrics of genital organs of northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus, can be used as a new indicator of sexual maturity. We analyzed data from collected records of male fur seals arou ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0004

8. First Record of the Long-Eared Bat (Plecotus; Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) on Urup Island Highlights the Obscure Taxonomic Problem

Author:
Artyushin, Ilya V.; Red'kin, Yaroslav A.; Kawai, Kuniko; Kruskop, Sergei V.
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 33-40
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Plecotus; fauna; genes; geography; mammals; mitochondria; morphometry; skull
Abstract:
... Fauna of the Kuril Islands is understood insufficiently; in particular, the distribution and taxonomic relationships of bats in this territory are definitely understudied. Long-eared bats (Plecotus spp.) were first captured on the island of Urup during an expedition organized by the Russian Geographical Society in 2019. This capture became the first record of an indigenous land mammal on this isla ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0070

9. Opportunistic Food Habits of the Raccoon Dog — A Case Study on Suwazaki Peninsula, Shikoku, Western Japan

Author:
Takatsuki, Seiki; Inaba, Masakazu; Hashigoe, Kiyokazu; Matsui, Hiromitsu
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.46 no.1 pp. 25-32
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Nyctereutes procyonoides; Procyon lotor; autumn; case studies; diet; mammals; pericarp; pulp; spring; summer; temperate zones; trees; winter
Abstract:
... Despite of great variation of food habits of the raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) on the Japanese archipelago, information of the food habits of them in the warm temperate zone in southern Japan is limited. The food habits of them on Suwazaki Peninsula in western Shikoku Island, southwestern Japan, were studied using fecal analysis. The sampling period spanned May 2019 to April 2020. The po ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0061

10. Acoustic Detection of an Unknown Bat Species in Okinawa

Author:
Dinets, Vladimir; Friedman, Nicholas R.; Yoshimura, Masashi; Ogasawara, Masako; Economo, Evan P.
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 353-356
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Chiroptera; Ryukyu Archipelago; acoustics; echolocation; mammals; rare species; ultrasonics
Abstract:
... Pipistrelles of the genus Hypsugo are among the rarest bats in Japan, known from a handful of records. In June 2018, a sequence of echolocation calls apparently by a bat of this genus was recorded by an automatic ultrasound recorder on the island of Okinawa. The calls closely resemble H. pulveratus, a Chinese species never before recorded in Japan, and H. alaschanicus, a very rare species in Japan ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0077

11. Climate Change Alarms the Survival of Near Threatened Species Malayan Giant Squirrel (Ratufa bicolor Sparrman, 1778) in India

Author:
Chatterjee, Paromit; Tripathy, Basudev; Chandra, Kailash; Saha, Goutam Kumar; Mondal, Krishnendu
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 289-302
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ratufa; climate change; ex situ conservation; extinction; forest health; geographical distribution; habitats; herbivores; indicator species; squirrels; threatened species; India
Abstract:
... Ratufa bicolor is a diurnal, arboreal, and herbivorous rodent occurs mainly in evergreen and semi-evergreen forests of north-eastern India and known to be one of the forest health indicator species. The present study was conducted to enumerate the climatic factors governing the distribution of R. bicolor in its habitat range in India and their climatic refuge in the middle of the 21st century, bas ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0011

12. Evolutionary and Anthropogenic Factors Affecting the Mitochondrial D-loop Genetic Diversity of Apodemus and Myodes Rodents on the Northern Slope of Mt. Fuji

Author:
Sato, Jun J.; Aiba, Haruka; Ohtake, Kouichi; Minato, Shusaku
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 315-325
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Apodemus argenteus; Apodemus speciosus; Japan; Myodes; anthropogenic activities; biodiversity; genetic variation; mitochondria; national parks; roads; topographic slope
Abstract:
... Nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial D-loop region were examined in three wild rodents (Apodemus argenteus, Apodemus speciosus, and Myodes smithii) on the northern slope of Mt. Fuji, the highest mountain in Japan, to elucidate the past evolutionary and present anthropogenic processes shaping their genetic diversity. Nucleotide diversity, median-joining network, and mismatch distribution analy ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0033

13. Hair Growth in Brown Bears and Its Application to Ecological Studies on Wild Bears

Author:
Jimbo, Mina; Matsumoto, Naoya; Sakamoto, Hideyuki; Yanagawa, Yojiro; Torii, Yoshiko; Yamanaka, Masami; Ishinazaka, Tsuyoshi; Shirane, Yuri; Sashika, Mariko; Tsubota, Toshio; Shimozuru, Michito
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 337-345
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Ursus arctos; biomarkers; ecology; fur; mammals; physiology; wildlife; winter
Abstract:
... Hair biomarkers have been widely used to study wildlife physiology and ecology. To apply this technique to practical studies, detailed information on hair growth is needed for each study species. This study measured hair growth patterns, including growth rate, periods of growth and shedding, and hair bulb structural changes in the brown bear. Hair growth was examined monthly in captive bears, and ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0021

14. Seasonal Variation in and Nutritional Implications of the Diet Composition of a Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Population in a Heavily Browsed Habitat: Contribution of Canopy Subsidies

Author:
Kaneko, Mizuki; Takeshita, Kazutaka M.; Tanikawa, Kiyoshi; Kaji, Koichi
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 327-336
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Cervus nippon; autumn; canopy; crude protein; deer; diet; habitats; nutritive value; seasonal variation; spring; summer; trees; winter
Abstract:
... Canopy subsidies have been attracting attention as food resources sustaining high-density deer populations in heavily browsed habitats; however, evaluation of the contribution of canopy subsidies to deer diets is still limited. We investigated the seasonal variation in and the nutritional value of the diet composition of a sika deer population in the Tanzawa Mountains using 126 rumen content sampl ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0006

15. Spatio-Temporal Association of Fishing Cats with the Mammalian Assemblages in the East Godavari Mangrove Delta, India

Author:
Shankar, Anant; Salaria, Nandani; Sanil, Raveendranathanpillai; Chackaravarthy, Sampath Deepan; Shameer, Thekke Thumbath
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 303-313
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Felis chaus; Prionailurus viverrinus; anthropogenic activities; cameras; conservation areas; estuaries; habitats; humans; jackals; nocturnal activity; rivers; wetlands; India
Abstract:
... Extrapolation of spatio-temporal association in the guild of vulnerable wetland species like the fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus Bennet, 1833) can inform strategies for conservation action. Camera trap study was conducted at Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary (CWLS) and the adjoined mangroves located in the East Godavari River Estuarine system (EGREE) which harbours the second largest population of f ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0015

16. Features of Claw Marks of Masked Palm Civets: Effects of Using Claw Marks to Survey Raccoons

Author:
Kase, Chihiro; Eguchi, Yusuke
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 281-288
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Paguma larvata; Procyon lotor; claws; mammals
Abstract:
... We examined whether masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) would leave claw marks on wooden poles by having them climb poles experimentally. We also examined the features of civet's claw marks that are generally mistaken for claw marks of racoons (Procyon lotor). The test sessions included two conditions: square and round poles of different sizes (10, 15, and 20 cm). Civets climbed wooden poles regar ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0069

17. Infant Pelage Color Change and Infant Handling in Captive Black-and-White Colobus

Author:
Okumura, Taiki; Nemoto, Kei; Chapman, Colin A.; Matsuda, Ikki
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 347-352
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Colobus guereza; Japan; body weight; color; fur; monkeys; neonates; social behavior
Abstract:
... Colobine monkeys generally spend less time each day engaged in social interactions than other primates. However, a notable feature of their social interaction involves females exchanging infants (i.e., infant handling). Here, we report on the handling of an infant in relation to pelage color change in a group of black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza) housed in the Japan Monkey Centre. We found ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0081

18. Skull Variation in Asian Moles of the Genus Euroscaptor (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae) in Vietnam

Author:
Hai, Bui Tuan; Motokawa, Masaharu; Kawada, Shin-Ichiro; Abramov, Alexei V.; Son, Nguyen Truong
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.4 pp. 265-280
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Talpidae; allometry; altitude; geographical distribution; geographical isolation; moles; morphometry; skull; Vietnam
Abstract:
... The patterns of morphometric variation in skulls among different species and among intraspecies geographic populations, of five taxa (four species and one subspecies) of the mole genus Euroscaptor from Vietnam were investigated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted based on 16 measurements of 140 specimens. Four groups based on skull size and shape were identified: 1. E. kuznetsovi ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0058

19. Introduction and Expansion History of the Masked Palm Civet, Paguma Larvata, in Japan, Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA Control Region and Cytochrome b Analysis

Author:
Endo, Yu; Lin, Liang-Kong; Yamazaki, Koji; Pei, Kurtis Jai-Chyi; Chang, Shih-Wei; Chen, Yen-Jean; Ochiai, Keiji; Yachimori, Shuuji; Anezaki, Tomoko; Kaneko, Yayoi; Masuda, Ryuichi
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Japan; Paguma larvata; cytochrome b; haplotypes; introduced species; mammals; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeny; Taiwan
Abstract:
... The masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) in Japan is considered as an alien species; however, the details on introduction routes to Japan and the expansion history are still unclear. In the present study, to further solve these questions, we analyzed the mitochondrial DNA control region (523 base-pairs) of 226 individuals from Japan and Taiwan, and identified 13 haplotypes, which are phylogeneticall ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2020-0016

20. Food Habits and Habitat Utilization of the Japanese Badger (Meles anakuma) in a Grassland/Forest Mosaic

Author:
Hijikata, Koji; Minami, Masato; Tsukada, Hideharu
Source:
Mammal study 2020 v.45 no.3 pp. 229-242
ISSN:
1348-6160
Subject:
Lumbricidae; Megascolecidae; Meles; badgers; biomass; dairy farming; diet; food availability; forests; fruits; grasslands; habitat preferences; habitats; soil; spring; staple foods; summer
Abstract:
... Like European badgers, Japanese badgers are known to use earthworms as a staple food. However, while European badgers mainly eat the family Lumbricidae, Japanese badgers are thought to primarily take the family Megascolecidae in forest areas. In this study, we investigated the feeding habits and habitat utilization of Japanese badgers inhabiting a mountainous dairy farm, where a previously less-in ...
DOI:
10.3106/ms2019-0073