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1. A combination of climatic conditions determines major within-season dengue outbreaks in Guangdong Province, China

Author:
Wang, Xia; Tang, Sanyi; Wu, Jianhong; Xiao, Yanni; Cheke, Robert A.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 45
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
climatic factors; dengue; humans; imagos; models; prediction; rain; reproduction; temperature; China
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: China’s Guangdong Province experienced a major dengue outbreak in 2014. Here we investigate if the weather conditions contributing to the outbreak can be elucidated by multi-scale models. METHODS: A multi-scale modelling framework, parameterized by available weather, vector and human case data, was used to examine the integrative effect of temperature and precipitation variation on the ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3295-0

2. A cross-sectional screening by next-generation sequencing reveals Rickettsia, Coxiella, Francisella, Borrelia, Babesia, Theileria and Hemolivia species in ticks from Anatolia

Author:
Brinkmann, Annika; Hekimoğlu, Olcay; Dinçer, Ender; Hagedorn, Peter; Nitsche, Andreas; Ergünay, Koray
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 26
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Babesia ovis; Borrelia; Coxiella; Francisella; Haemaphysalis; Hyalomma marginatum; Protozoa; Rhipicephalus bursa; Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Rickettsia; Theileria; avirulent strains; bacteria; disease transmission; disease vectors; domestic animals; endosymbionts; genes; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; hosts; humans; metagenomics; mixed infection; nucleotide sequences; pathogenicity; phylogeny; plasmids; ribosomal RNA; screening; tick-borne diseases; ticks; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Ticks participate as arthropod vectors in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to humans. Several tick-borne infections have reemerged, along with newly described agents of unexplored pathogenicity. In an attempt to expand current information on tick-associated bacteria and protozoans, we performed a cross-sectional screening of ticks, using next-generation sequencing. Ticks s ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-018-3277-7

3. Aerobic midgut microbiota of sand fly vectors of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from northern Iran, a step toward finding potential paratransgenic candidates

Author:
Karimian, Fateh; Vatandoost, Hassan; Rassi, Yavar; Maleki-Ravasan, Naseh; Mohebali, Mehdi; Shirazi, Mohammad Hasan; Koosha, Mona; Choubdar, Nayyereh; Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 10
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Bacillus subtilis; Culicidae; DNA; Leishmania; Pantoea agglomerans; Phlebotomus; adults; control methods; diet; females; genes; humans; intestinal microorganisms; microsymbionts; midgut; mountains; parasites; paratransgenesis; promastigotes; ribosomal RNA; steppes; summer; vector competence; visceral leishmaniasis; Iran
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania parasites and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sand flies. Development of Leishmania to infective metacyclic promastigotes occurs within the sand fly gut where the gut microbiota influences development of the parasite. Paratransgenesis is a new control method in which symbiotic bacteria are isolated, transformed and reintroduce ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-018-3273-y

4. African trypanosomes

Author:
Cayla, Mathieu; Rojas, Federico; Silvester, Eleanor; Venter, Frank; Matthews, Keith R.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 190
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
African trypanosomiasis; Glossina; antigenic variation; genes; humans; immune evasion; parasites; technology; Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract:
... African trypanosomes cause human African trypanosomiasis and animal African trypanosomiasis. They are transmitted by tsetse flies in sub-Saharan Africa. Although most famous for their mechanisms of immune evasion by antigenic variation, there have been recent important studies that illuminate important aspects of the biology of these parasites both in their mammalian host and during passage throug ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3355-5

5. A microRNA profile of saliva and the role of miR-375 in Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae)

Author:
Malik, Muhammad Irfan; Nawaz, Mohsin; Hassan, Ibrahim A.; Zhang, Houshuang; Gong, Haiyan; Cao, Jie; Zhou, Yongzhi; Zhou, Jinlin
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 68
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Haemaphysalis longicornis; RNA libraries; adults; bioactive compounds; disease control; disease transmission; egg hatchability; eggs; hematophagy; hosts; messenger RNA; metabolism; microRNA; non-coding RNA; nucleotides; nymphs; pathogens; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; saliva; salivary glands; tick-borne diseases; ticks; tissues; vaccines
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Tick saliva contains many bioactive molecules that are involved in attachment to the host, blood-feeding and transmission of pathogens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs with a length of 19–24 nucleotides. They act as regulators of gene expression by binding to their target mRNA at the post-transcriptional level and control a variety of cellular functions, includi ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3318-x

6. Analysis of the Cryptosporidium spp. and gp60 subtypes linked to human outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales, 2009 to 2017

Author:
Chalmers, Rachel M.; Robinson, Guy; Elwin, Kristin; Elson, Richard
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 95
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Cryptosporidium hominis; Cryptosporidium parvum; cryptosporidiosis; databases; drinking; drinking water; epidemiological studies; gastroenteritis; genotyping; humans; monitoring; outbreak investigation; patients; public health; swimming pools; water pollution; water supply; England
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidium spp. are important causes of gastroenteritis that can be transmitted from humans and animals. We elucidated the distribution of species and gp60 subtypes in human outbreaks classified by transmission vehicle. METHODS: We used a combined database of national outbreak surveillance and reference unit data to analyse outbreaks by setting, vehicle, season, and linkage with s ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3354-6

7. A novel Babesia sp. associated with clinical signs of babesiosis in domestic cats in South Africa

Author:
Bosman, Anna-Mari; Penzhorn, Barend L.; Brayton, Kelly A.; Schoeman, Tanya; Oosthuizen, Marinda C.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 138
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Babesia microti; Chrysocyon brachyurus; DNA; Procyon lotor; animal pathogens; babesiosis; blood; blood sampling; cats; coasts; dogs; feral animals; microscopy; molecular cloning; new species; nucleic acid hybridization; phylogeny; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); ticks; type collections; Japan; Mozambique; South Africa; United States
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Feline babesiosis, sporadically reported from various countries, is of major clinical significance in South Africa, particularly in certain coastal areas. Babesia felis, B. leo, B. lengau and B. microti have been reported from domestic cats in South Africa. Blood specimens from domestic cats (n = 18) showing clinical signs consistent with feline babesiosis and confirmed to harbour Babe ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3395-x

8. A novel entomological index, Aedes aegypti Breeding Percentage, reveals the geographical spread of the dengue vector in Singapore and serves as a spatial risk indicator for dengue

Author:
Ong, Janet; Liu, Xu; Rajarethinam, Jayanthi; Yap, Grace; Ho, Derek; Ng, Lee Ching
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 17
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; breeding; breeding sites; decision making; dengue; monitoring; risk; risk assessment; vector control; Singapore
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti is an efficient primary vector of dengue, and has a heterogeneous distribution in Singapore. Aedes albopictus, a poor vector of dengue, is native and ubiquitous on the island. Though dengue risk follows the dispersal of Ae. aegypti, the spatial distribution of the vector is often poorly characterized. Here, based on the ubiquitous presence of Ae. albopictus, we developed ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-018-3281-y

9. Anthroponotic transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum predominates in countries with poorer sanitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author:
King, Philippa; Tyler, Kevin M.; Hunter, Paul R.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 16
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Cryptosporidium hominis; Cryptosporidium parvum; children; cryptosporidiosis; drinking water; emerging diseases; geographical distribution; gross domestic product; human health; humans; meta-analysis; mortality; regression analysis; sanitation; systematic review; virulence
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Globally cryptosporidiosis is one of the commonest causes of mortality in children under 24 months old and may be associated with important longterm health effects. Whilst most strains of Cryptosporidium parvum are zoonotic, C. parvum IIc is almost certainly anthroponotic. The global distribution of this potentially important emerging infection is not clear. METHODS: We conducted a sys ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-018-3263-0

10. Antibody response to Phlebotomus perniciosus saliva in cats naturally exposed to phlebotomine sand flies is positively associated with Leishmania infection

Author:
Pereira, André; Cristóvão, José Manuel; Vilhena, Hugo; Martins, Ângela; Cachola, Patrícia; Henriques, Joaquim; Coimbra, Mónica; Catarino, Ana; Lestinova, Tereza; Spitzova, Tatiana; Volf, Petr; Campino, Lenea; Maia, Carla
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 128
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
DNA; Leishmania infantum; Phlebotomus perniciosus; animal health; antibodies; antibody formation; biomarkers; blood; cats; collars; dogs; flumethrin; imidacloprid; immunoglobulin G; leishmaniasis; monitoring; risk; saliva; Asia; Mediterranean region; Middle East; South America
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Zoonotic leishmaniosis, caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, is a public and animal health problem in Asia, Central and South America, the Middle East and the Mediterranean Basin. Several phlebotomine sand fly species from the subgenus Larroussius are vectors of L. infantum. Data from dogs living in endemic areas of leishmaniosis advocate the use of antibody response to phlebot ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3376-0

11. A previously unreported potential malaria vector in a dry ecology of Kenya

Author:
Ogola, Edwin O.; Chepkorir, Edith; Sang, Rosemary; Tchouassi, David P.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 80
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Anopheles funestus; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium ovale; blood meal; cytochrome-c oxidase; humans; insect vectors; internal transcribed spacers; malaria; mitochondria; parasites; polymerase chain reaction; public health; sequence analysis; sibling species; species identification; Kenya
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: In Kenya, malaria remains a major public health menace equally affecting the semi-arid to arid ecologies. However, entomologic knowledge of malaria vectors in such areas remains poor. METHODS: Morphologically-identified wild-caught Anopheles funestus (s.l.) specimens trapped outdoors from the semi-arid to arid area of Kacheliba, West Pokot County, Kenya, were analysed by PCR and sequen ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3332-z

12. A quantitative risk assessment for human Taenia solium exposure from home slaughtered pigs in European countries

Author:
Meester, Marina; Swart, Arno; Deng, Huifang; van Roon, Annika; Trevisan, Chiara; Dorny, Pierre; Gabriël, Sarah; Vieira-Pinto, Madalena; Johansen, Maria Vang; van der Giessen, Joke
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 82
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Taenia solium; biosecurity; cooking; cysticercosis; epilepsy; humans; meat inspection; microbiological risk assessment; models; pork; quantitative risk assessment; rearing; risk; slaughter; slaughterhouses; swine; swine housing; tapeworms; Bulgaria; Germany; Poland; Romania; Spain
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Taenia solium, a zoonotic tapeworm, is responsible for about a third of all preventable epilepsy human cases in endemic regions. In Europe, adequate biosecurity of pig housing and meat inspection practices have decreased the incidence of T. solium taeniosis and cysticercosis. Pigs slaughtered at home may have been raised in suboptimal biosecurity conditions and slaughtered without meat ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3320-3

13. A retrospective molecular study of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in HIV-infected patients from Thailand

Author:
Sannella, Anna Rosa; Suputtamongkol, Yupin; Wongsawat, Ekkarat; Cacciò, Simone M.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 91
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Cryptosporidium hominis; Cryptosporidium meleagridis; Cryptosporidium parvum; Cryptosporidium suis; Giardia; HIV infections; Isospora canis; Microsporidia; Opisthorchis; Strongyloides; antiretroviral agents; cryptosporidiosis; diarrhea; feces; genotype; genotyping; glycoproteins; hospitals; intestines; loci; microscopy; monitoring; patients; retrospective studies; ribosomal DNA; secondary infection; therapeutics; Thailand
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Opportunistic infections represent a serious health problem for HIV-infected people. Among enteric infections, cryptosporidiosis, a severe and life-threatening diarrheal disease, is of particular importance in low economic settings where access to anti-retroviral therapy is limited. Understanding transmission routes is crucial in establishing preventive measures, and requires the use o ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3348-4

14. A review on the occurrence of companion vector-borne diseases in pet animals in Latin America

Author:
Maggi, Ricardo G.; Krämer, Friederike
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 145
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Lyme disease; anaplasmosis; animal diseases; babesiosis; behavior change; biodiversity; cats; dirofilariasis; disease transmission; dogs; ehrlichiosis; heartworms; human health; islands; leishmaniasis; mycoplasmosis; pet ownership; pets; physicians; therapeutics; trypanosomiasis; veterinarians; Argentina; Belize; Bolivia; Brazil; Caribbean; Chile; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; El Salvador; French Guiana; Guatemala; Guyana; Honduras; Latin America; Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; Puerto Rico; Suriname; Uruguay; Venezuela
Abstract:
... Companion vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are an important threat for pet life, but may also have an impact on human health, due to their often zoonotic character. The importance and awareness of CVBDs continuously increased during the last years. However, information on their occurrence is often limited in several parts of the world, which are often especially affected. Latin America (LATAM), a reg ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3407-x

15. A study of tribendimidine effects in vitro and in vivo on the liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus

Author:
Pakharukova, Maria Y.; Samsonov, Vladimir A.; Serbina, Elena A.; Mordvinov, Viatcheslav A.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 23
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Clonorchis sinensis; Opisthorchis viverrini; adults; drugs; inhibitory concentration 50; juveniles; leukocytes; liver flukes; metacercariae; opisthorchiasis; praziquantel; Eurasia
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The food-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus is an epidemiologically important species and the causative agent of opisthorchiasis across an extensive territory of Eurasia. For decades, treatment of opisthorchiasis has been based on praziquantel. Tribendimidine could be an alternative drug that has been successfully tested for Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis infection ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3288-z

16. A study on the long-term efficacy of Seresto® collars in preventing Babesia canis (Piana & Galli-Valerio, 1895) transmission to dogs by infected Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794) ticks

Author:
Fourie, Josephus J.; de Vos, Christa; Crafford, Dionne; Pollmeier, Matthias; Schunack, Bettina
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 139
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Babesia canis; DNA; Dermacentor reticulatus; antibodies; babesiosis; collars; dogs; flumethrin; fluorescent antibody technique; imidacloprid; models; polymerase chain reaction; ticks
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: An imidacloprid/flumethrin collar (Seresto®) was previously shown to prevent infection with Babesia canis, transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus, in dogs for up to 1 month after application. The present study evaluated the prevention of transmission throughout the claimed efficacy period of 8 months. METHODS: Eight animals each were randomly included in groups 1 (negative control) and ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3393-z

17. A Vavraia-like microsporidium as the cause of deadly infection in threatened and endangered Eurycea salamanders in the United States

Author:
Yu, Xue; Hoyle, Rachel L.; Guo, Fengguang; Ratliff, Cameron M.; Cantu, Valentin; Crow, Justin; Xiang, Lixin; Heatley, J. Jill; Zhu, Guan
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 108
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Crustacea; Vavraia; aquatic invertebrates; behavior change; breeding programs; erythema; genes; gills; habitats; histopathology; humans; insects; microsporidiosis; monitoring; mortality; parasites; pathogens; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; rhabdomyolysis; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; salamanders and newts; secondary infection; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); snails; surveys; tail; threatened species; Texas
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Eurycea sosorum (Barton Springs salamander) and Eurycea nana (San Macros salamander) are listed as endangered and threatened species, respectively, by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) with habitats restricted to small regions near Austin, Texas, USA. The conservation efforts with the Eurycea salamanders at the captive breeding program in San Marcos Aquatic Resources Center (S ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3369-z

18. A 117-year retrospective analysis of Pennsylvania tick community dynamics

Author:
Pak, Damie; Jacobs, Steven B.; Sakamoto, Joyce M.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 189
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Dermacentor variabilis; Ixodes cookei; Ixodes scapularis; community structure; dominant species; geographical distribution; host range; monitoring; pathogens; population size; retrospective studies; risk; temporal variation; tick-borne diseases; ticks; wildlife; Pennsylvania
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Tick-borne diseases have been increasing at the local, national, and global levels. Researchers studying ticks and tick-borne diseases need a thorough knowledge of the pathogens, vectors, and epidemiology of disease spread. Both active and passive surveillance approaches are typically used to estimate tick population size and risk of tick encounter. Our data consists of a composite of ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3451-6

19. Babesial infection in the Madagascan flying fox, Pteropus rufus É. Geoffroy, 1803

Author:
Ranaivoson, Hafaliana C.; Héraud, Jean-Michel; Goethert, Heidi K.; Telford, Sam R., III; Rabetafika, Lydia; Brook, Cara E.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 51
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Babesia microti; Canidae; Felidae; Primates; Protozoa; Pteropus; adults; animal pathogens; chronic diseases; erythrocytes; frugivores; hosts; insectivores; males; microscopy; parasites; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; rodents; statistical analysis; wet season; Asia; Europe; Madagascar; North America; South America
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Babesiae are erythrocytic protozoans, which infect the red blood cells of vertebrate hosts to cause disease. Previous studies have described potentially pathogenic infections of Babesia vesperuginis in insectivorous bats in Europe, the Americas and Asia. To date, no babesial infections have been documented in the bats of Madagascar, or in any frugivorous bat species worldwide. RESULTS: ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3300-7

20. Bioabsorption and effectiveness of long-lasting permethrin-treated uniforms over three months among North Carolina outdoor workers

Author:
Sullivan, Kristin M.; Poffley, Alison; Funkhouser, Sheana; Driver, Jeffrey; Ross, John; Ospina, Maria; Calafat, Antonia M.; Beard, Charles B.; White, Avian; Balanay, Jo Anne; Richards, Stephanie; Dyer, Megan; Mather, Thomas N.; Meshnick, Steven
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 52
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Culicidae; absorbed dose; bioactive properties; body weight; environmental monitoring; human resources; metabolites; morbidity; mortality; permethrin; protective clothing; summer; tick bites; ticks; urine; vector-borne diseases; North Carolina
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Vector-borne diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA. Effective, convenient prevention methods are needed. Long-lasting permethrin-impregnated (LLPI) clothing can prevent tick bites, however, additional information is needed on the real-world effectiveness and safety of this preventative measure. METHODS: In this pilot study, we recruited state and county ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3314-1