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1. Abundance and seasonal activity of Haemaphysalis concinna (Acari: Ixodidae) at the border between China and Russia in Northern Inner Mongolia, China

Author:
Meng, Hao; Xu, Shiqi; Yu, Zhijun; Li, Ningxin; Wang, Rongrong; Gao, Xiaohe; Yang, Xiaolong; Liu, Jingze
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 1
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Acari; Apodemus; Haemaphysalis; Tamias; adults; coniferous forests; deciduous forests; disease vectors; ears; face; grasslands; habitats; hosts; humans; larvae; nymphs; pathogens; risk; rodents; sheep; shrubs; tick control; tick-borne diseases; ticks; China; Russia
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Haemaphysalis concinna, a three-host tick vector of several pathogens, poses a high risk to the health of humans and livestock. However, knowledge of the seasonal activities, relative density and other ecological characteristics of this tick is quite limited and fragmentary. This knowledge gap represents a bottleneck in our understanding of the health risks associated with tick-borne p ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-015-1291-6
PubMed:
26728523
PubMed Central:
PMC4700674

2. A climate-driven mechanistic population model of Aedes albopictus with diapause

Author:
Jia, Pengfei; Lu, Liang; Chen, Xiang; Chen, Jin; Guo, Li; Yu, Xiao; Liu, Qiyong
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 175
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Aedes albopictus; cities; climatic factors; correlation; diapause; disease control; disease outbreaks; eggs; hatching; mechanistic models; model validation; mortality; pathogens; photoperiod; population dynamics; seasonal variation; temperature; weather; China
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The mosquito Aedes albopitus is a competent vector for the transmission of many blood-borne pathogens. An important factor that affects the mosquitoes’ development and spreading is climate, such as temperature, precipitation and photoperiod. Existing climate-driven mechanistic models overlook the seasonal pattern of diapause, referred to as the survival strategy of mosquito eggs being ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1448-y
PubMed:
27009065
PubMed Central:
PMC4806478

3. A comparative laboratory trial evaluating the immediate efficacy of fluralaner, afoxolaner, sarolaner and imidacloprid + permethrin against adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks attached to dogs

Author:
Burgio, Federica; Meyer, Leon; Armstrong, Rob
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 626
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Rhipicephalus sanguineus; adults; carrying capacity; dogs; imidacloprid; laboratory experimentation; oral administration; permethrin; tick infestations; ticks
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Acaricides are used to treat and prevent tick infestations, and a common clinical scenario is to administer an acaricide on observing an attached tick. Consequently, immediate acaricidal efficacy (onset of activity and speed of kill) results are clinically valuable. This study evaluated the immediate efficacy of four commercially available acaricides against adult Rhipicephalus sanguin ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1900-z
PubMed:
27912787
PubMed Central:
PMC5135746

4. A crossover study to evaluate the diversion of malaria vectors in a community with incomplete coverage of spatial repellents in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania

Author:
Maia, Marta Ferreira; Kreppel, Katharina; Mbeyela, Edgar; Roman, Deogratius; Mayagaya, Valeriana; Lobo, Neil F.; Ross, Amanda; Moore, Sarah Jane
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 451
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus; aspirators; blood; blood meal; cross-over studies; households; humans; insect vectors; malaria; odds ratio; public health; repellents; vector control; Tanzania
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Malaria elimination is unlikely to occur if vector control efforts focus entirely on transmission occurring indoors without addressing vectors that bite outdoors and outside sleeping hours. Additional control tools such as spatial repellents may provide the personal protection required to fill this gap. However, since repellents do not kill mosquitoes it is unclear if vectors will be d ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1738-4
PubMed:
27527601
PubMed Central:
PMC4986272

5. A cross-sectional study on schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Mbita district, western Kenya using different copromicroscopic techniques

Author:
Ng’etich, Annette I.; Rawago, Fredrick O.; Jura, Walter G. Z. O.; Mwinzi, Pauline N.; Won, Kimberly Y.; Odiere, Maurice R.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 87
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Ascaris lumbricoides; Schistosoma mansoni; Trichuris trichiura; World Health Organization; cross-sectional studies; diagnostic techniques; eggs; feces; formalin; hookworms; indigenous species; light intensity; monitoring; morbidity; ova; schistosomiasis; therapeutics; villages; England; Italy; Kenya
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Identification of populations to be targeted for individual treatment and broad-spectrum therapy in schistosomiasis-endemic areas, assessment of therapy efficacy, morbidity, and evaluation of control strategies need to be based on reliable diagnostic tools. Kato-Katz is routinely used and remains the standard diagnostic technique for schistosomiasis, despite its many challenges. This s ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1368-x
PubMed:
26883744
PubMed Central:
PMC4756404

6. Additive effect of knockdown resistance mutations, S989P, V1016G and F1534C, in a heterozygous genotype conferring pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti in Thailand

Author:
Plernsub, Suriya; Saingamsook, Jassada; Yanola, Jintana; Lumjuan, Nongkran; Tippawangkosol, Pongsri; Sukontason, Kom; Walton, Catherine; Somboon, Pradya
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 417
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Aedes aegypti; additive effect; adults; adverse effects; alleles; crossing; deltamethrin; esterases; heterozygosity; homozygosity; hybrids; insecticide resistance; lethal concentration 50; mosquito control; mutants; mutation; paper; permethrin; piperonyl butoxide; polymerase chain reaction; pyrethrins; sodium channels; Thailand
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene that results in knockdown resistance (kdr), is a major mechanism of pyrethroid resistance in several mosquito species. In Aedes aegypti, V1016G (occurring with and without S989P) and F1534C mutations are common and widely distributed throughout Asia. The G1016 allele is known to be associated with resistance to type I and II pyrethroids ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1713-0
PubMed:
27460671
PubMed Central:
PMC4962480

7. A divergent spirochete strain isolated from a resident of the southeastern United States was identified by multilocus sequence typing as Borrelia bissettii.

Author:
Golovchenko, Maryna; Vancová, Marie; Clark, Kerry; Oliver, James H., Jr; Grubhoffer, Libor; Rudenko, Nataliia
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 68
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Borrelia bissettii; Borrelia burgdorferi; Lyme disease; disease vectors; essential genes; genetic distance; geographical distribution; hosts; human diseases; humans; multilocus sequence typing; phylogeny; ticks; Europe; Florida; Georgia; Northeastern United States
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Out of 20 spirochete species from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex recognized to date some are considered to have a limited distribution, while others are worldwide dispersed. Among those are Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) and Borrelia bissettii which are distributed both in North America and in Europe. While B. burgdorferi s.s. is recognized as a cause of Lyme ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1353-4
PubMed:
26846867
PubMed Central:
PMC4743114

8. Adult hookworms (Necator spp.) collected from researchers working with wild western lowland gorillas

Author:
Kalousová, Barbora; Hasegawa, Hideo; Petrželková, Klára J.; Sakamaki, Tetsuya; Kooriyma, Takanori; Modrý, David
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 75
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Gorilla gorilla; Necator americanus; Pan paniscus; adults; anthelmintics; eggs; feces; hookworms; hosts; humans; larvae; males; species identification; Central African Republic; Republic of the Congo
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: In general, studies on the diversity of strongylid nematodes in endangered host species are complicated as material obtained by non-invasive sampling methods has limited value for generic and species identification. While egg morphology barely allows assignment to family, the morphology of cultivated infective third stage larvae provides a better resolution at the generic level but can ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1357-0
PubMed:
26858023
PubMed Central:
PMC4746918

9. Aedes albopictus and Aedes japonicus - two invasive mosquito species with different temperature niches in Europe

Author:
Cunze, Sarah; Koch, Lisa K.; Kochmann, Judith; Klimpel, Sven
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 573
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Aedes albopictus; Ochlerotatus japonicus; biogeography; climate change; climatic factors; evolution; invasive species; models; monitoring; niches; temperate zones; temperature; Central European region; Europe; Southern European region; Western European region
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Aedes albopictus and Ae. japonicus are two of the most widespread invasive mosquito species that have recently become established in western Europe. Both species are associated with the transmission of a number of serious diseases and are projected to continue their spread in Europe. METHODS: In the present study, we modelled the habitat suitability for both species under current and f ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1853-2
PubMed:
27814747
PubMed Central:
PMC5097377

10. Agricultural chemicals: life changer for mosquito vectors in agricultural landscapes?

Author:
Kibuthu, Tabitha W.; Njenga, Sammy M.; Mbugua, Amos K.; Muturi, Ephantus J.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 500
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Anopheles arabiensis; Culex quinquefasciatus; adults; agricultural land; agrochemicals; ammonium sulfate; body size; crop production; cypermethrin; diammonium phosphate; females; fertilizer application; fertilizers; filariasis; glyphosate; insect vectors; laboratory experimentation; life history; longevity; malaria; males; oviposition; oviposition sites; sublethal effects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Although many mosquito species develop within agricultural landscapes where they are potentially exposed to agricultural chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides), the effects of these chemicals on mosquito biology remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of sublethal concentrations of four agricultural chemicals on the life history traits of Anopheles arabiensis and ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1788-7
PubMed:
27624456
PubMed Central:
PMC5022241

11. A mitochondrial HSP70 (HSPA9B) is linked to miltefosine resistance and stress response in Leishmania donovani

Author:
Vacchina, P.; Norris-Mullins, B.; Carlson, E. S.; Morales, M. A.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 621
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Leishmania donovani; amastigotes; cell death; drug resistance; drug therapy; drugs; flow cytometry; gain-of-function mutation; gene overexpression; heat-shock protein 70; mitochondria; mortality; mutagenesis; mutants; oral administration; pH; parasites; phenotype; promastigotes; proteomics; stress response; temperature; toxicity; visceral leishmaniasis
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are responsible for leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease affecting millions worldwide. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by Leishmania donovani, is the most severe form of leishmaniasis with high rates of mortality if left untreated. Current treatments include pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin B. However, high toxicity and eme ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1904-8
PubMed:
27906059
PubMed Central:
PMC5133764

12. A mixed methods approach to evaluating community drug distributor performance in the control of neglected tropical diseases

Author:
Fleming, Fiona M.; Matovu, Fred; Hansen, Kristian S.; Webster, Joanne P.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 345
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
World Health Organization; adverse effects; drug therapy; drugs; income; interviews; motivation; opportunity costs; volunteers; wages and remuneration; Uganda
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Trusted literate, or semi-literate, community drug distributors (CDDs) are the primary implementers in integrated preventive chemotherapy (IPC) programmes for Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) control. The CDDs are responsible for safely distributing drugs and for galvanising communities to repeatedly, often over many years, receive annual treatment, create and update treatment register ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1606-2
PubMed:
27305942
PubMed Central:
PMC4910194

13. A molecular study of the genus Spelaeomyia (Diptera: Phlebotominae) with description of the male of Spelaeomyia moucheti

Author:
Rahola, Nil; Henni, Leila Hadj; Obame, Judicael; Ayala, Diego; Makanga, Boris Kevin; Lehrter, Véronique; Izri, Arezki; Paupy, Christophe; Depaquit, Jérôme
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 367
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Leishmania major; Phlebotominae; females; genitalia; leishmaniasis; light traps; males; mitochondrial DNA; phylogeny; rain forests; ribosomal DNA; spermatheca; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Gabon; Mali
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The genus Spelaeomyia includes four African species considered as being cavernicolous: Spelaeomyia darlingi, Spelaeomyia mirabilis, Spelaeomyia emilii and Spelaeomyia moucheti. Despite a potential role in Leishmania major leishmaniasis transmission in Mali, no molecular studies and only few morphological studies have addressed relationships between species of Spelaeomyia. METHODS: Spec ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1656-5
PubMed:
27357585
PubMed Central:
PMC4928309

14. Analyses of mitochondrial genes reveal two sympatric but genetically divergent lineages of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus in Kenya

Author:
Kanduma, Esther G.; Mwacharo, Joram M.; Githaka, Naftaly W.; Kinyanjui, Peter W.; Njuguna, Joyce N.; Kamau, Lucy M.; Kariuki, Edward; Mwaura, Stephen; Skilton, Robert A.; Bishop, Richard P.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 353
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Protozoa; Rhipicephalus appendiculatus; Theileria parva; breeding; cattle diseases; cytochrome-c oxidase; genes; genetic variation; geographical distribution; germplasm conservation; haplotypes; hosts; internal transcribed spacers; mammals; mitochondria; phylogeny; phylogeography; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; sympatry; theileriosis; ticks; transcription (genetics); variance; Kenya; Southern Africa
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The ixodid tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus transmits the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Theileria parva, which causes East coast fever (ECF), the most economically important cattle disease in eastern and southern Africa. Recent analysis of micro- and minisatellite markers showed an absence of geographical and host-associated genetic sub-structuring amongst field populations of R. ap ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1631-1
PubMed:
27334334
PubMed Central:
PMC4918217

15. Analysis of age-dependent trends in Ov16 IgG4 seroprevalence to onchocerciasis

Author:
Golden, Allison; Faulx, Dunia; Kalnoky, Michael; Stevens, Eric; Yokobe, Lindsay; Peck, Roger; Karabou, Potochoziou; Banla, Méba; Rao, Ramakrishna; Adade, Kangi; Gantin, Richard G.; Komlan, Kossi; Soboslay, Peter T.; de los Santos, Tala; Domingo, Gonzalo J.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 338
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Onchocerca volvulus; algorithms; antibodies; antigens; children; diagnostic techniques; drugs; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; immunoglobulin G; microscopy; models; monitoring; onchocerciasis; polymerase chain reaction; seroconversion; seroprevalence; vector control; villages; volvulus; Africa
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Diagnostics provide a means to measure progress toward disease elimination. Many countries in Africa are approaching elimination of onchocerciasis after successful implementation of mass drug administration programs as well as vector control. An understanding of how markers for infection such as skin snip microfilaria and Onchocerca volvulus-specific seroconversion perform in near-elim ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1623-1
PubMed:
27296630
PubMed Central:
PMC4907250

16. Analysis of esterase enzyme activity in adults of the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus

Author:
Dahan-Moss, Yael Leah; Koekemoer, Lizette Leonie
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 110
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Anopheles funestus; acetylcholinesterase; adults; control methods; densitometry; eclosion; electrophoresis; enzyme activity; gels; gender; insect vectors; insecticide resistance; isozymes; malaria; phosphates; reproductive fitness; sulfates; Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Anopheles funestus is a major vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. In order to apply effective control measures against this vector, it is necessary to understand the underlying physiological factors that play a critical role in its development, reproduction, fertility and susceptibility to insecticides. One enzyme family involved in the above mentioned biological pathways is the e ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1379-7
PubMed:
26920365
PubMed Central:
PMC4769541

17. Analysis of mating system, fecundity, hatching and survival rates in two Schistosoma mansoni intermediate hosts (Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Biomphalaria camerunensis) in Cameroon

Author:
Kengne-Fokam, Alvine C.; Nana-Djeunga, Hugues C.; Djuikwo-Teukeng, Félicité F.; Njiokou, Flobert
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 10
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Biomphalaria pfeifferi; Schistosoma mansoni; copulation; eggs; experimental design; fecundity; freshwater; habitats; hatching; inbreeding depression; intermediate hosts; life history; mating systems; outcrossing; progeny; selfing; sexual maturity; snails; survival rate; Cameroon
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Biomphalaria camerunensis are intermediate hosts of the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. Up till now, very scanty data report the life history traits of these freshwater snails. This study was therefore conducted to provide further knowledge on the mating system of these two S. mansoni intermediate hosts in Cameroon. The study was performed following a three-st ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-015-1285-4
PubMed:
26739376
PubMed Central:
PMC4702333

18. Analysis of Pvama1 genes from China-Myanmar border reveals little regional genetic differentiation of Plasmodium vivax populations

Author:
Zhu, Xiaotong; Zhao, Pan; Wang, Si; Liu, Fei; Liu, Jun; Wang, Jian; Yang, Zhaoqing; Yan, Guiyun; Fan, Qi; Cao, Yaming; Cui, Liwang
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 614
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
B-lymphocytes; Plasmodium vivax; epitopes; founder effect; genes; genetic variation; haplotypes; malaria; mutation; natural selection; parasites; Myanmar; Thailand
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: With the premise of diminishing parasite genetic diversity following the reduction of malaria incidence, the analysis of polymorphic antigenic markers may provide important information about the impact of malaria control on local parasite populations. Here we evaluated the genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen 1 (Pvama1) gene in a parasite population from the Ch ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1899-1
PubMed:
27899135
PubMed Central:
PMC5129220

19. An antibody against an Anopheles albimanus midgut myosin reduces Plasmodium berghei oocyst development

Author:
Lecona-Valera, Alba N.; Tao, Dingyin; Rodríguez, Mario H.; López, Tomás; Dinglasan, Rhoel R.; Rodríguez, María C.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 274
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Anopheles albimanus; Plasmodium berghei; brush border membrane vesicles; epitopes; insect vectors; liquid chromatography; malaria; microvilli; midgut; monoclonal antibodies; myosin; oocysts; ookinetes; parasites; precipitin tests; proteomics; surface proteins; tandem mass spectrometry; vaccines; Latin America
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Malaria parasites are transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. Although several studies have identified mosquito midgut surface proteins that are putatively important for Plasmodium ookinete invasion, only a few have characterized these protein targets and demonstrated transmission-blocking activity. Molecular information about these proteins is essential for the development of transmissio ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1548-8
PubMed:
27165123
PubMed Central:
PMC4863318

20. Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophilum in cattle in Tunisia

Author:
M’ghirbi, Youmna; Bèji, Marwa; Oporto, Beatriz; Khrouf, Fatma; Hurtado, Ana; Bouattour, Ali
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2016 v.9 no.1 pp. 556
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
Anaplasma marginale; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; DNA; blood; cattle; epidemiological studies; farms; genes; mixed infection; monitoring; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; subtropics; tick-borne diseases; Tunisia
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Tick-borne diseases caused by Anaplasma species put serious constraints on the health and production of domestic cattle in tropical and sub-tropical regions. After recovering from a primary infection, cattle typically become persistent carriers of pathogens and play a critical role in the epidemiology of the disease, acting as reservoirs of the Anaplasma spp. METHODS: In this study a d ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-016-1840-7
PubMed:
27765073
PubMed Central:
PMC5072335