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1. Biolarvicidal compound gymnemagenol isolated from leaf extract of miracle fruit plant, Gymnema sylvestre (Retz) Schult against malaria and filariasis vectors

Author:
Gopiesh Khanna, Venkatesan; Kannabiran, Krishnan; Rajakumar, Govindasamy; Rahuman, Abdul Abdul; Santhoshkumar, Thirunavukkarasu
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.109 no.5 pp. 1373-1386
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Anopheles subpictus; Culex quinquefasciatus; Gymnema sylvestre; carbon; cardiac glycosides; chloroform; control methods; ethers; filariasis; fractionation; fruit extracts; insect vectors; insecticidal properties; insecticides; larvae; leaf extracts; leaves; lethal concentration 50; malaria; methanol; mortality; mosquito control; nontarget organisms; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; parasites; pesticidal plants; petroleum; phenols; phytosterols; powders; public health; quantitative analysis; saponins; screening; silica gel; skeleton; spectral analysis; tannins; thin layer chromatography
Abstract:
... Owing to the fact that the application of synthetic larvicide has envenomed the surroundings as well as non-target organisms, natural products of plant origin with insecticidal properties have been tried as an indigenous method for the control of a variety of insect pests and vectors in the recent past. Insecticides of plant origin have been extensively used on agricultural pests and, to a very li ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-011-2384-6
PubMed:
21537987

2. Gedunin and photogedunin of Xylocarpus granatum possess antifilarial activity against human lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia malayi in experimental rodent host

Author:
Misra, Sweta; Verma, Meenakshi; Mishra, Sunil Kumar; Srivastava, Shishir; Lakshmi, Vijai; Misra-Bhattacharya, Shailja
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.109 no.5 pp. 1351-1360
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Brugia malayi; Mastomys; Meriones unguiculatus; Xylocarpus; acetates; adults; anthropogenic activities; death; fruit extracts; fruits; hosts; larvae; models; necropsy; parasites; planting date; rodents; water solubility
Abstract:
... The present study is aimed to evaluate antifilarial activity of Xylocarpus granatum (fruit from Andaman) against human lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia malayi in vivo. The in vitro antifilarial activity has already been reported earlier for this mangrove plant which has traditionally been used against several ailments. Aqueous ethanolic crude extract, four fractions (ethyl acetate fraction, n-bu ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-011-2380-x
PubMed:
21523424

3. Toxocara canis larvae reinfecting BALB/c mice exhibit accelerated speed of migration to the host CNS

Author:
Kolbeková, Petra; Větvička, David; Svoboda, Jan; Skírnisson, Karl; Leissová, Markéta; Syrůček, Martin; Marečková, Helena; Kolářová, Libuše
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.109 no.5 pp. 1267-1278
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Toxocara canis; Toxocara cati; absorbance; antibodies; antigens; brain; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; esters; eyes; hosts; humoral immunity; immunoglobulin G; larvae; mice; parasites
Abstract:
... Using a small animal imaging system, migratory activity of Toxocara canis larvae stained by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) was observed post primary infection (PPI) and post reinfection (PR) of BALB/c mice. Each infection was performed with 1,000 larvae per mouse. Primary infections were performed with labeled larvae, while for challenge infections the reinfecting larvae were stained ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-011-2371-y
PubMed:
21537988

4. Neutrophil and eosinophil chemotactic factors in the excretory/secretory products of sheep abomasal nematode parasites : NCF and ECF in abomasal nematodes

Author:
Reinhardt, Stefanie; Scott, Ian; Simpson, Heather V.
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.109 no.3 pp. 627-635
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Haemonchus contortus; Teladorsagia circumcincta; cellulose; chemoattractants; chemotaxis; eosinophils; larvae; molecular weight; neutrophils; parasites; sheep; ultrafiltration
Abstract:
... Both eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) and neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) activities were demonstrated in excretory/secretory (ES) products and homogenates of Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta larvae and adult worms in a modified checkerboard assay using a micro-chemotaxis chamber. Neutrophil chemotaxis was seen in 28 of 35 experiments and eosinophil chemotaxis in 20 of 38 ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-011-2305-8
PubMed:
21424403

5. Transmission dynamics of two strains of Schistosoma mansoni utilizing novel intermediate and definitive hosts

Author:
Jones-Nelson, Omari; Thiele, Elizabeth A.; Minchella, Dennis J.
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.109 no.3 pp. 675-687
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Biomphalaria glabrata; Mus musculus; Schistosoma mansoni; adaptation; cercariae; genetic background; genetic variation; host-parasite relationships; intermediate hosts; larvae; life history; mice; mortality; parasites; pathogenicity; reproduction; snails
Abstract:
... The intimate host–parasite relationship mandates adaptation to the genetic and phenotypic variability of their counterparts. Here, inbred and outcrossed strains of Schistosoma mansoni were challenged with “local” and “novel” intermediate and definitive hosts to examine effects of genetic variability and novelty on infection success and dynamics. Genetically distinct lines of Biomphalaria glabrata ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-011-2299-2
PubMed:
21369763

6. Efficacy and Safety of the Combination Imidacloprid 10 % / moxidectin 1.0 % Spot-on (Advocate® Spot-on for Small Cats and Ferrets) in the Treatment of Ear Mite Infection (Otodectes cynotis) in Ferrets

Author:
Le Sueur, Christophe; Bour, Sophie; Schaper, Roland
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.109 no.Supplement 1 pp. 149-156
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Otodectes cynotis; adults; body weight; cats; clinical trials; ears; eggs; ferrets; imidacloprid; inflammation; larvae; mites; moxidectin; nymphs; parasites; pruritus
Abstract:
... In this study, the efficacy and safety of a treatment with the combination imidacloprid 10 %/ moxidectin 1.0 % spot-on (Advocate® spot-on for small cats and ferrets) was tested in 39 ferrets naturally infested with ear mites (Otodectes cynotis). The study was performed as a multicentre, non-randomised, non-controlled (all study animals were treated) and non-blinded clinical field study in two Fren ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-011-2411-7
PubMed:
21739384

7. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cathepsin B from Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Author:
Han, Yan-ping; Li, Zheng-yu; Li, Bao-chuan; Sun, Xi; Zhu, Cheng-cheng; Ling, Xiao-ting; Zheng, Huan-qin; Wu, Zhong-dao; Lv, Zhi-yue
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.109 no.2 pp. 369-378
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Escherichia coli; Parastrongylus cantonensis; amino acid sequences; blood-brain barrier; cDNA libraries; cathepsin B; central nervous system; clones; complementary DNA; dendritic cells; digestion; enzyme activity; hosts; larvae; mice; molecular cloning; ovalbumin; pH; parasites; polymerase chain reaction; quantitative analysis; rats; sequence analysis; thermal stability
Abstract:
... Cysteine proteases, a superfamily of hydrolytic enzymes, have numerous functions in parasites. Here, we reported the cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a cathepsin B (AcCPB) from Angiostrongylus cantonensis fourth-stage larvae cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence analysis indicated AcCPB is related to other cathepsin B family members with an overall conserved architecture. Ac ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-011-2264-0
PubMed:
21344211

8. Development of Graphidium strigosum (Nematoda, Haemonchidae) in its natural host, the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and comparison with several Haemonchidae parasites of ruminants

Author:
Massoni, Julien; Cassone, Jimmy; Durette-Desset, Marie-Claude; Audebert, Fabienne
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.109 no.1 pp. 25-36
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Graphidium; Haemonchus contortus; Haemonchus placei; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Ostertagia; Teladorsagia circumcincta; hosts; larvae; morphogenesis; parasites; prepatent period; rabbits; ruminants
Abstract:
... The morphogenesis (studied for the first time) and the chronology of the life cycle of Graphidium strigosum (Dujardin, 1845) were studied in detail in its natural host, Oryctolagus cuniculus. Naive rabbits were each infected per os with G. strigosum infective larvae (L3). Animals were euthanized each day for the first 10 days after infection (DAI), then every 2 days from 12 to 40 DAI. The free liv ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-010-2217-z
PubMed:
21210152

9. Evaluation of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against parasites

Author:
Marimuthu, Sampath; Rahuman, Abdul Abdul; Rajakumar, Govindasamy; Santhoshkumar, Thirunavukkarasu; Kirthi, Arivarasan Vishnu; Jayaseelan, Chidambaram; Bagavan, Asokan; Zahir, Abdul Abduz; Elango, Gandhi; Kamaraj, Chinnaperumal
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.108 no.6 pp. 1541-1549
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Anopheles subpictus; Boophilus; Culex quinquefasciatus; Mimosa pudica; Rhipicephalus; X-ray diffraction; larvae; leaf extracts; nanoparticles; parasites; reducing agents; scanning electron microscopy; silver; transmission electron microscopy
Abstract:
... Green nanoparticle synthesis has been achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extract and eco-friendly reducing and capping agents. The present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities to determine the efficacies of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Mimosa pudica Gaertn (Mimosaceae) against the larvae of malaria vector, Anopheles s ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-010-2212-4
PubMed:
21181192

10. Opportunistic nature of the mammalian microsporidia: experimental transmission of Trachipleistophora extenrec (Fungi: Microsporidia) between mammalian and insect hosts

Author:
Vávra, Jiří; Kamler, Martin; Modrý, David; Koudela, Břetislav
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.108 no.6 pp. 1565-1573
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Spodoptera littoralis; Vavraia culicis; fungi; hosts; insectivores; insects; larvae; light microscopy; mice; mortality; muscles; parasites; phylogeny; severe combined immunodeficiency; spores
Abstract:
... Spores of Trachipleistophora extenrec, originally isolated from the muscles of the Madagascan insectivore Hemicentetes semispinosus and maintained by serial passage in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, were fed to larvae of the Egyptian cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. Extensive infection of larval tissues ensued and caused larval and pupal mortality. The development of T. extenr ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-010-2213-3
PubMed:
21188601

11. The evaluation of gnathiid (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathidae) parasitism in goldblotch grouper (Epinephelus costae Staindahner, 1878) in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea using the self-organizing map (SOM)

Author:
Genc, Ercument; Oral, Mustafa; Erol, Cavit
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.108 no.6 pp. 1417-1424
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Epinephelus; Isopoda; economics; epithelium; gills; grouper; larvae; neural networks; parasites; parasitism; Mediterranean Sea
Abstract:
... The self-organizing map (SOM), which is widely used in economics and engineering applications, is a type of artificial neural network trained without supervision. SOM is used to represent multidimensional data in much lower dimensional spaces—usually in two dimensions (2D)—while preserving the topological properties of the input space. In this study, 2D maps were produced by using SOM to display t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-010-2188-0
PubMed:
21181197

12. Echinococcus multilocularis in south-eastern Europe (Romania)

Author:
Sikó, Sandor B.; Deplazes, Peter; Ceica, C.; Tivadar, C. S.; Bogolin, I.; Popescu, S.; Cozma, V.
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.108 no.5 pp. 1093-1097
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Echinococcus multilocularis; Vulpes vulpes; echinococcosis; foxes; humans; larvae; metacestodes; parasites; patients; population growth; risk; rodents; Romania
Abstract:
... Echinococcus multilocularis, the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in humans, has been found in 4.8% of 561 red foxes originating from various regions of Romania. Infected foxes were identified in 8 of 15 counties with average prevalence rates between 1.7% and 14.6%. In previous studies, E. multilocularis was not found in 535 foxes from three counties, but larval stages (metacestodes ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-010-2150-1
PubMed:
21085988

13. Reduced activity of moxidectin and ivermectin on small strongyles in young horses on a farm (BC) in Central Kentucky in two field tests with notes on variable counts of eggs per gram of feces (EPGs)

Author:
Lyons, Eugene T.; Tolliver, Sharon C.; Collins, Sandra S.
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.108 no.5 pp. 1315-1319
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Cyathostominae; barns; drug therapy; eggs; farm area; farms; feces; field experimentation; horses; ivermectin; larvae; moxidectin; parasites; pastures; weanlings; Kentucky
Abstract:
... Two field tests (A and B) were conducted in Thoroughbred weanlings born in 2008 and 2009 on a farm (BC) in Central Kentucky. The purpose was to determine the current efficacy of moxidectin (MOX) and ivermectin (IVM) on small strongyles by pre- and posttreatment counts of eggs per gram of feces (EPGs) in this geographical area. In previous parasite studies in horses on this farm and in horses on nu ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-010-2225-z
PubMed:
21212983

14. Imaging of Toxocara canis larvae labelled by CFSE in BALB/c mice

Author:
Kolbeková, Petra; Kolářová, Libuše; Větvička, David; Syrůček, Martin
Source:
Parasitology research 2011 v.108 no.4 pp. 1007-1014
ISSN:
0932-0113
Subject:
Toxocara canis; brain; dyes; esters; humans; image analysis; immune response; intestines; labeling; larvae; liver; lungs; mice; models; parasites; paratenic hosts; toxocariasis; viability
Abstract:
... Mice are used most often as a model for human toxocarosis caused by Toxocara canis larvae. Variety of symptoms developing during the infection reflects behaviour of the larvae, which are able to escape from the intestine and further invade and damage various host organs. In order to find an approach enabling observation on parasite behaviour in mouse in vivo, we used an epifluorescence method and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00436-010-2145-y
PubMed:
21103889