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Plant disease
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7980-2020
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2020 v.104 no.3
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- Author:
- Xingyu Wang; Ji Ma; Huijun Qiao; Min Guo
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 987
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Alternaria alternata; DNA primers; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Dendrobium; Oriental traditional medicine; allergens; anti-aging properties; cefotaxime; conidia; culture media; ethanol; fungi; genes; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; greenhouses; growth chambers; immunity; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; loci; pathogenicity; pathogens; relative humidity; seedlings; tubulin; China
- Abstract:
- ... Dendrobium candidum is an orchid plant commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine due to its antitumor and antiaging effects, as well as the enhancement of human body immunity. During May 2019, an estimated 20% of D. candidum plants were observed with leaf spots in the greenhouse in Ningguo, Anhui Province, China. The initial disease symptoms appeared as small brown to black spots on the leaves ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1678-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1678-PDN
- Author:
- Sofia Avelar; Roberto Ramos-Sobrinho; Kassie Conner; Robert L. Nichols; Kathy Lawrence; Judith K. Brown
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 780-786
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Cotton leafroll dwarf virus; amino acids; cotton; gene silencing; genome; genotype; growth retardation; internodes; leaves; open reading frames; phylogeny; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcription; sequence analysis; viral proteins; Alabama; Argentina; Brazil
- Abstract:
- ... Virus-like disease symptoms consisting of leaf cupping, shortened internodes, and overall stunting were observed in commercial cotton fields in Alabama in 2017 to 2018. To determine the complete genome sequence of the suspected causal polerovirus, symptomatic leaf samples were collected in Macon County, Alabama, and subjected to Illumina RNA sequencing. Based on BLASTn analysis, the Illumina conti ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1316-RE
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1316-RE
- Author:
- Jean B. Ristaino; Amanda C. Saville; Rajesh Paul; Donald C. Cooper; Qingshan Wei
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 708-716
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Phytophthora infestans; databases; detection limit; disease surveillance; droplets; food security; fungi; loop-mediated isothermal amplification; monitoring; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; potatoes; tomatoes
- Abstract:
- ... Phytophthora infestans is the causal agent of potato late blight, a devastating disease of tomato and potato and a threat to global food security. Early detection and intervention is essential for effective management of the pathogen. We developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for P. infestans and compared this assay to conventional PCR, real-time LAMP, and droplet digital ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1186-RE
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1186-RE
- Author:
- Y. Y. Gao; X. X. Li; L. F. He; B. X. Li; W. Mu; F. Liu
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 958-966
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Colletotrichum; anthracnose; application rate; application timing; crop yield; flowering; fludioxonil; fruits; industry; maximum residue limits; median effective concentration; metabolites; mycelium; pepper; pesticide application; pyraclostrobin; spore germination; structural equation modeling; sustainable development; tebuconazole
- Abstract:
- ... Anthracnose is a devastating disease that seriously affects pepper production worldwide. Anthracnose management is currently a major problem because of the widespread and long period of infection of this disease. Therefore, determination of the optimal fungicide application timing is important for controlling anthracnose in a timely manner . In vitro sensitivity tests showed no significant differe ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-03-19-0435-RE
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-03-19-0435-RE
- Author:
- S. Saito; F. Wang; C. L. Xiao
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 787-792
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Botrytis cinerea; Citrus; antibiotic resistance; azoxystrobin; biopesticides; conidia; cross resistance; efficacy testing; fludioxonil; food industry; fruit diseases; fruits; fungal growth; fungicide resistance; germination; gray mold; mandarins; mechanism of action; minimum inhibitory concentration; mycelium; natamycin; phenotype; postharvest diseases; pyrimethanil; thiabendazole; California
- Abstract:
- ... Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is an emerging postharvest disease of mandarin fruit in California. Management of postharvest diseases of mandarins relies on postharvest fungicides; however, multiple resistance to fungicides of different modes of action is common in B. cinerea populations from mandarin, leading to their failure to control decay. Natamycin is commonly used in the food industry ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0844-RE
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0844-RE
- Author:
- Yuan-kai Chi; Wei Zhao; Meng-di Ye; Farman Ali; Tao Wang; Ren-de Qi
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 801-807
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- DNA; Meloidogyne javanica; adults; detection limit; diagnostic techniques; females; galls; genetic markers; juveniles; polymerase chain reaction; recombinases; soil sampling; surveys; China
- Abstract:
- ... Meloidogyne javanica is one of the most widespread and economically important nematodes in many countries, including China. In this study, a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay was evaluated for the detection of M. javanica based on the sequences of a sequence-characterized amplified regions marker gene segment. The RPA assay specifically detected M. javanica from individual juvenile ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1473-RE
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1473-RE
- Author:
- M. Nikolić; I. Savić; A. Obradović; J. Srdić; G. Stanković; M. Stevanović; S. Stanković
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 987
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Alternaria; Aspergillus parasiticus; Fusarium; Hordeum vulgare; aflatoxins; agar; agroecology; awns; barley; biosynthesis; bleaching; bleaching agents; climate change; climatic factors; conidia; corn; crop production; culture media; drought; feeds; flowering; food safety; genes; growing season; intergenic DNA; pathogenicity; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; restriction endonucleases; temperature; wheat; yeasts; Serbia
- Abstract:
- ... Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a secondary grain crop in Serbia used commercially for animal feed, seed, and human food applications. The production of barley in the 2016 to 2017 growing season reached a record yield of almost 400,000 metric tons (USDA 2017). Aspergillus contamination has been rare in the agroecological conditions of cereal-growing areas in Serbia. Changes in climatic factors, suc ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1364-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1364-PDN
- Author:
- Y. Giladi; L. Hadad; N. Luria; W. Cranshaw; O. Lachman; A. Dombrovsky
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 999
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Beet curly top virus; Beta vulgaris; Cannabis sativa; Circulifer tenellus; beans; color; computer software; crops; cucumbers; cultivars; diagnostic techniques; flowering; genome; growing season; hemp; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; leaves; nucleotide sequences; oligodeoxyribonucleotides; peppers; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; spinach; sugar beet; tomatoes; viruses; Colorado; Israel
- Abstract:
- ... In industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fields located in North Fork Valley, Delta County, Colorado, U.S.A., plants bearing symptoms of stunted growth and yellowing leaves were observed in each growing season between 2015 and 2019. Infected plants display initially fading leaf color to pale green, starting at the leaf base and expanding toward the tips, producing a yellow-green mosaic pattern. Wit ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1656-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1656-PDN
- Author:
- W. Wei; E. Pérez-López; Y. Zhao
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 967
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Aster yellows phytoplasma; Bougainvillea glabra; Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris; Euphorbia pulcherrima; bracts; branching; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; flowers; gardens; genes; hybrids; intergenic DNA; leaves; lianas; loci; morphs; nucleotide sequences; oligodeoxyribonucleotides; ornamental plants; phytoplasmal diseases; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; ribosomal proteins; sequence homology; temperate zones; Brazil; Cuba; India
- Abstract:
- ... Bougainvillea is a genus of evergreen woody climbers or bushes native to South America. The plants in the genus often produce multiple inflorescences consisting of sepal-like bracts and waxy flowers. Being popular ornamental plants, bougainvilleas are widely cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and temperate areas around the world. Bougainvillea × buttiana refers to a variety of garden hybrids of ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-09-19-2052-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-2052-PDN
- Author:
- D. C. Tuo; G. Y. Zhao; P. Yan; R. M. Li; X. Chen; W. Q. Wang; X. Y. Li; Y. Yao; H. G. Cui; W. T. Shen; P. Zhou
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 997
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- African cassava mosaic virus; Cassava common mosaic virus; Manihot esculenta; Nicotiana benthamiana; RNA; abnormal development; amino acids; cassava; chlorosis; coat proteins; computer software; crop production; deformation; electron microscopy; gardens; genes; germplasm; leaves; nucleotide sequences; oligodeoxyribonucleotides; plant diseases and disorders; plant extracts; plant viruses; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; virion; viruses; Brazil; China; Latin America; Taiwan
- Abstract:
- ... Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) common mosaic disease (CCMD) caused by cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV; Alphaflexiviridae, Potexvirus) was first reported in southern Brazil and is widespread in Latin America (Calvert et al. 2002; Lozano et al. 2017; Zanini et al. 2018). It can cause >30% losses in root yield (Venturini et al. 2016), and severity is increased during cool periods in subtropica ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1585-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1585-PDN
- Author:
- T. Synoground; A. Batson; M. L. Derie; L. B. Koenick; S. J. Pethybridge; L. J. du Toit
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 976
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris; Cercospora beticola; Spinacia oleracea; USDA National Plant Germplasm System; actin; agar; atomization; beets; bolting; calmodulin; chard; chloramphenicol; conidia; consensus sequence; cultivars; fresh market; genes; greenhouses; growth chambers; homozygosity; internal transcribed spacers; leaf area; leaf spot; leaves; lighting; pathogenicity; peptide elongation factors; phylogeny; plastic bags; ribosomal DNA; sodium hypochlorite; spinach; sporulation; standard deviation; sugar beet; summer; New Jersey; Washington (state)
- Abstract:
- ... In November 2017, leaf spots were observed in a fresh market spinach crop of cultivar SV2157VB in New Jersey at ∼20% incidence but not in the adjacent crop of Unipack-151. Pale tan lesions (3 to 8 mm in diameter) had gray sporulation at the centers. Symptomatic leaf pieces were surface-sterilized in 0.6% NaOCl for 60 s, triple-rinsed in sterilized water, dried, and plated onto PDA and water agar ( ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1924-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1924-PDN
- Author:
- Y. F. Lan; Q. Q. Cong; Q. W. Wang; L. N. Tang; X. M. Li; Q. W. Yu; X. Cui; X. R. An; C. X. Yu; F. H. Kong; X. D. Li
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 977
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Coprinus comatus; Hypomyces; Morchella; cobweb disease; color; conidia; cultivation area; culture media; fruiting bodies; genomics; internal transcribed spacers; mushrooms; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; peptide elongation factors; polymerase chain reaction; relative humidity; ribosomal DNA; soil; spraying; surveys; China
- Abstract:
- ... Morel mushroom (Morchella spp.) has high nutritional, medicinal, and commercial values and is popular worldwide. The cultivation area of M. importuna has been increasing rapidly in China since 2012. Now, China has become the largest producer and exporter of morel mushrooms. During a survey in Tai’an of Shandong Province, China, in April 2019, unusual symptoms were observed on M. importuna, with an ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1611-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1611-PDN
13. First Report of Cotton leafroll dwarf virus Infecting Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in Texas
- Author:
- Olufemi J. Alabi; Thomas Isakeit; Robert Vaughn; David Stelly; Kassie N. Conner; Brianna C. Gaytán; Cecilia Villegas; Christian Hitzelberger; Luis De Santiago; Cecilia Monclova-Santana; Judith K. Brown
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 998
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Cotton leafroll dwarf virus; Gossypium hirsutum; RNA; complementary DNA; cotton; disease incidence; dwarfing; economic impact; internodes; leaf extracts; leaves; molecular cloning; oligodeoxyribonucleotides; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; plasmid vectors; polymerase chain reaction; seedlings; viruses; Alabama; Texas
- Abstract:
- ... Virus-like symptoms were observed on two upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) research plots in Brazos County, Texas, during July 2019, and disease incidence ranged between 5 and 20% across fields. Symptoms consisted of leaf distortion, upward leaf cupping, leaf midrib and vein reddening, shortened internodes, and dwarfing of affected plants, which were reminiscent of those attributed to cotton l ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-09-19-2008-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-2008-PDN
- Author:
- M. Özarslandan; D. S. Akgül
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 974
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense; Fusarium wilt; Musa; Sphagnum; Vitis; bananas; chlamydospores; cities; color; conidia; crops; cultivars; culture media; dipping; disease incidence; fruit diseases; fungi; gel electrophoresis; genetic databases; greenhouse production; greenhouses; intergenic DNA; leaves; mycelium; necrosis; pathogenicity; pathogens; phylogeny; plantlets; polymerase chain reaction; pseudostems; relative humidity; ribosomal RNA; roots; sand; sodium hypochlorite; soil; streptomycin; sulfates; surveys; tissue culture; Jordan; Mediterranean region; Turkey (country)
- Abstract:
- ... Cavendish banana is a valuable agricultural crop along the Mediterranean Coast of Turkey with 369,000 t of production, which meets 67.7% of domestic demand (Turkish Statistical Institute 2018). During a survey of banana greenhouses in Alanya, Anamur, and Gazipasa cities along the Mediterranean coast, plants showing severe wilt symptoms and collapse were detected in March 2018. Yellowing of the old ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1881-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-19-1881-PDN
- Author:
- E. G. Yurchenko; N. V. Savchuk; E. V. Porotikova; S. V. Vinogradova
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 991
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- DNA primers; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Fusarium fujikuroi; Fusarium proliferatum; Vitis; agar; blight; chlamydospores; conidia; crop production; cultivars; culture media; databases; disease control; economic sectors; flowering; genes; hybrids; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; monitoring; multilocus sequence typing; mycelium; necrosis; pathogenicity; pathogens; peduncle; peptide elongation factors; pigments; plant rots; relative humidity; ripening; shoots; small fruits; sodium hypochlorite; table grapes; tubulin; vineyards; viticulture; China; Pakistan; Russia
- Abstract:
- ... Viticulture is an important economic sector in Russia, with 91,500 ha producing 580,000 tons in 2017 (according to Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, https://gks.ru/enterprise_economy). The monitoring of table “Euro-American” hybrid varieties Citron, Moldova, Augustin, and Ubiley Novocherkasska was conducted in a 50-ha vineyard in Krasnodar region in 2017. Blight of the peduncles and ra ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-05-19-0938-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-19-0938-PDN
- Author:
- Y. Deng; C. Yu; M. D. Wu; G. Q. Li
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 984
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Brassica juncea var. tumida; DNA fragmentation; Plenodomus biglobosus; Plenodomus lingam; actin; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; conidia; cotyledons; cultivars; culture media; disease incidence; fungi; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; pathogenicity; petioles; polymerase chain reaction; pycnidia; relative humidity; ribosomal DNA; secretion; seedlings; stems; tubers; tubulin; vegetables; China
- Abstract:
- ... Tuber mustard (Brassica juncea var. tumida) is a vegetable originating from China, and its stem tuber is mainly used for making “zha cai,” a type of pickled vegetable in China. In May 2019, black leg symptoms on both leaf petioles and stem tubers of ripening-stage tuber mustard were observed in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, with a disease incidence of 96% in surveyed fields. To determine the cau ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1461-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1461-PDN
- Author:
- A. A. D. Victoria; B. E. Furtado; M. T. Holz; O. Romero-Arenas; L. J. Dallagnol
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 972
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- DNA primers; Leptosphaerulina trifolii; Trifolium repens; asci; ascospores; culture media; forage crops; forage grasses; fungi; grazing; greenhouse production; internal transcribed spacers; leaf area; leaf spot; leaves; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; protein subunits; relative humidity; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal proteins; stems; temperate zones; Brazil
- Abstract:
- ... White clover (Trifolium repens L.) was introduced into Brazil as a forage crop and is considered a naturalized plant of Rio Grande do Sul State (Schneider 2007). White clover is currently used in combination with forage grasses in temperate climates. In March 2017, in the municipality of Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, scattered black spots appeared on white clover leaves in a grazing area (∼5 ha ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2151-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-19-2151-PDN
18. First Report of Powdery Mildew (Pseudoidium pedaliacearum) on Stachytarpheta jamaicensis in China
- Author:
- Hongying Ye; Bao Ying Lin; Wei Rong; Shuangshuang Mei
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 978
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- DNA primers; Erysiphe; Sesamum indicum; Stachytarpheta; anamorphs; appressoria; conidia; conidiophores; databases; dietary supplements; fungi; genes; germ tube; greenhouses; industry; internal transcribed spacers; leaves; mycelium; pathogenicity; polymerase chain reaction; powdery mildew; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; sequence analysis; China; Japan; Korean Peninsula; Nepal
- Abstract:
- ... Stachytarpheta jamaicensis belongs to the family Verbenaceae, and this plant is commonly known for its medical and nutraceutical benefits (Liew and Yong 2016). S. jamaicensis is widely distributed in Hainan, China. In April 2018, typical powdery mildew symptoms were observed on S. jamaicensis leaves in Baishamen Park in Haikou, Hainan Province, China (20.04 N; 110.19 E). Thirty-five to 43% of leav ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1449-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-07-19-1449-PDN
- Author:
- Hyang Burm Lee; Kye Han Lee; Thuong T. T. Nguyen
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 984
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Celtis; DNA primers; Erysiphe; Uncinula; appendages; appressoria; asci; ascospores; bark; conidia; conidiophores; fungi; gardens; herbaria; host range; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; leaves; mycelium; pathogen identification; pathogenicity; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; powdery mildew; pressing; ribosomal DNA; trees; China; Japan; South Africa; South Korea; Taiwan
- Abstract:
- ... Celtis sinensis Pers., commonly known as the Chinese hackberry, belongs to the family Cannabaceae. In Korea, the leaves and bark of this tree are used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and lung abscess. In October 2015 to 2018, symptoms of powdery mildew were observed on the leaves of C. sinensis in a garden at Chonnam National University, Gwangju (35°10′0″N, 126°55′0″E), Korea. The ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-05-19-1056-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-19-1056-PDN
- Author:
- F. H. Pang; F. X. Tian; S. Q. Wang
- Source:
- Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.3 pp. 975
- ISSN:
- 0191-2917
- Subject:
- Callistephus chinensis; Cercis chinensis; DNA; Pseudocercospora; actin; agar; color; conidia; culture media; disease control; droplets; flowers; foliar diseases; fungi; genes; greenhouses; internal transcribed spacers; landscapes; leaf spot; leaves; microscopy; mycelium; ornamental plants; ornamental value; pathogenicity; phenotype; relative humidity; streptomycin; trees; washing; wilting; China; Japan
- Abstract:
- ... Chinese redbud (Cercis chinensis), with a heart-shaped leaf lamina and purple flowers, is widely planted in China as an important landscape species due to its ornamental value. In July and August 2018, a severe leaf-spot disease was observed in the Meicheng park of Nanyang city (33.01°N, 111.01°E) located in Henan province. Of the 60 trees surveyed from different locations in the park, 72% (43) of ...
- DOI:
- 10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0813-PDN
- https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0813-PDN