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1. A Latent Period Duration Model for Wheat Stem Rust

Author:
Nopsa, John F. Hernandez; Pfender, William F.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1358-1363
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Puccinia graminis; confidence interval; crop production; cultivars; epidemiology; food security; growth chambers; heat; latent period; mathematical models; races; stem rust; temperature; wheat
Abstract:
... Wheat stem rust (WSR), caused by Puccinia graminis subsp. graminis Pers., is a highly destructive disease of wheat and several other small grains. The discovery of P. graminis subsp. graminis race Ug99, which overcomes previously effective resistance in wheat, raises concerns for global wheat production and food security. There is currently no mathematical model that describes the duration of the ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1128-RE

2. Alternaria brassicicola Causes a Leaf Spot on Isatis indigotica in China

Author:
Gao, J.; Liu, Y. N.; Nan, N.; Lu, B. H.; Xia, W. Y.; Wu, X. Y.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1431
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria brassicicola; DNA; Isatis tinctoria; agar; agricultural colleges; carrots; conidia; conidiophores; encephalitis; ethanol; fungi; gardens; genetic databases; hepatitis; host plants; influenza; leaf spot; mycelium; ornamental plants; pathogenicity; pathogens; petioles; plant tissues; plastic bags; polymerase chain reaction; potatoes; roots; species identification; spraying; China
Abstract:
... Chinese woad (Isatis indigotica) is a biennial herb in the Brassicaceae that is widely cultivated in China. Extracts from the roots and leaves have potential pharmaceutical use for treatment of flu, encephalitis, measles, hepatitis, and mumps (2). In June 2012, a leaf spot was observed on 1-year-old plants of I. indigotica in the medicinal garden of Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0205-PDN

3. Anthracnose Disease on Annual Bluegrass as Affected by Foot Traffic and Sand Topdressing

Author:
Roberts, Joseph A.; Murphy, James A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1321-1325
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Colletotrichum; Poa annua; anthracnose; disease severity; field experimentation; golf courses; lawns and turf; sand; traffic
Abstract:
... Sand topdressing is applied to maintain or enhance playability of the turf surface of putting greens. Anthracnose is a devastating disease of annual bluegrass (ABG; Poa annua) putting green turf, caused by Colletotrichum cereale. The disease is more severe on weakened turf and reputed to be exacerbated by management practices that wound turf. A 2-year field study was initiated in 2007 to evaluate ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-08-13-0877-RE

4. Asian Foxtail (Uraria crinita), a New Host for Sclerotium rolfsii from Taiwan

Author:
Shen, Y. M.; Chao, C. H.; Liu, H. L.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1438
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Athelia rolfsii; Sclerotium; Uraria crinita; agar; ambient temperature; autoclaving; cuisine; fungi; genetic databases; glucose; granules; greenhouses; inoculum; internal transcribed spacers; leaf blight; molecular cloning; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; rice; roots; sclerotia; seedlings; sequence homology; sodium hypochlorite; stems; tissues; Spain; Taiwan
Abstract:
... Asian foxtail (Uraria crinita (L.) Desv. ex DC.) is an herb cultivated for the use of roots and stems in Taiwanese cuisine. In September 2013, symptoms of leaf blight and basal rot were observed on U. crinita in a commercial field in Longjing District, Taichung, Taiwan, at an incidence of approximately 20%. White mycelia and brown sclerotia formed on the surfaces of the basal stems. The infected p ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0430-PDN

5. A Technique to Study Meloidogyne arenaria Resistance in Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Transformed Peanut

Author:
Chu, Y.; Guimarães, L. A.; Wu, C. L.; Timper, P.; Holbrook, C. C.; Ozias-Akins, P.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1292-1299
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Agrobacterium; Meloidogyne arenaria; Rhizobium rhizogenes; chlorine; disease resistance; galls; gene expression regulation; genes; genetically modified organisms; genotype; germination; humidity; mercuric chloride; peanuts; phenotype; roots; seedlings; vermiculite
Abstract:
... A reliable peanut root transformation system would be useful to study the functions of genes involved in root biology and disease resistance. The objective of this study was to establish an effective protocol to produce composite plants mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation. In total, 75% of transformed peanut seedlings produced an average of 2.83 transgenic roots per plant. Peanut s ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1241-RE

6. Efficacy and Economics of Integrating In-Field and Harvesting Strategies to Manage Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat

Author:
Salgado, Jorge David; Madden, Laurence V.; Paul, Pierce A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1407-1421
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium head blight; cultivars; data collection; deoxynivalenol; fungi; fungicide resistance; grain yield; harvesting; income; inflorescences; pesticide application; prices; seeds; statistical models; tebuconazole; wheat
Abstract:
... Fusarium head blight (FHB), a fungal disease of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum, and its associated toxins, particularly deoxynivalenol (DON), are best managed by integrating multiple strategies. Experiments were established in 2011 and 2013 to evaluate the effects of integrating cultivar resistance, fungicide application, and grain harvesting strategy on FHB index (IND; field severity), DON, ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0093-RE

7. Efficacy of Fungicide Applications During and After Anthesis Against Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol in Soft Red Winter Wheat

Author:
D'Angelo, D. L.; Bradley, C. A.; Ames, K. A.; Willyerd, K. T.; Madden, L. V.; Paul, P. A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1387-1397
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium head blight; application timing; deoxynivalenol; field experimentation; flowering; inoculum; pesticide application; seeds; soft red winter wheat; tebuconazole; Illinois; Ohio
Abstract:
... Seven field experiments were conducted in Ohio and Illinois between 2011 and 2013 to evaluate postanthesis applications of prothioconazole + tebuconazole and metconazole for Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol (DON) control in soft red winter wheat. Treatments consisted of an untreated check and fungicide applications made at early anthesis (A), 2 (A+2), 4 (A+4), 5 (A+5), or 6 (A+6) days after ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0091-RE

8. First Report of Alternaria Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria sp. on Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) in South Korea

Author:
Kwon, J.-H.; Kang, D.-W.; Cheon, M.-G.; Kim, J.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1434
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Citrus; Jatropha curcas; Vaccinium corymbosum; agar; blight; blueberries; conidia; conidiophores; disease incidence; fungi; genetic databases; greenhouses; hosts; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; olives; orchards; pathogenicity; pathogens; phylogeny; plasmids; relative humidity; ribosomal DNA; sodium hypochlorite; India; Mexico; South Africa; South Korea
Abstract:
... In South Korea, the culture, production, and consumption of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) have increased rapidly over the past 10 years. In June and July 2012, blueberry plants with leaf spots (~10% of disease incidence) were sampled from a blueberry orchard in Jinju, South Korea. Leaf symptoms included small (1 to 5 mm in diameter) brown spots that were circular to irregular in shape. The spot ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0336-PDN

9. First Report of Anthracnose on Pepper Fruit Caused by Colletotrichum scovillei in Brazil

Author:
Caires, N. P.; Pinho, D. B.; Souza, J. S. C.; Silva, M. A.; Lisboa, D. O.; Pereira, O. L.; Furtado, G. Q.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1437
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Capsicum annuum; Colletotrichum acutatum; agar; anthracnose; bags; conidia; fruits; fungi; genes; genetic databases; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; growth chambers; internal transcribed spacers; pathogen identification; pathogenicity; pathogens; pepper; peppers; photoperiod; species diversity; tropics; tubulin; Brazil; Indonesia; Japan; Thailand
Abstract:
... Anthracnose is major disease of pepper (Capsicum annum) in the tropics and causes severe damage both in the field and postharvest. In Brazil, this disease is caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, C. boninense, C. capsici, C. coccodes, and C. gloeosporioides, where the first species is responsible for 70% of all occurrences (3). Recently, C. acutatum has been considered a species complex (1); thus, th ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0416-PDN

10. First Report of Armillaria Root Rot Caused by Armillaria mellea Infecting Carrizo Citrange and Sour Orange Rootstocks in Turkey

Author:
Baysal-Gurel, F.; Cinar, A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1439
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Armillaria mellea; Citroncirus webberi; Citrus aurantium; Citrus sinensis; Poncirus trifoliata; Quercus; agar; bark; containers; disease incidence; greenhouses; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; malt extract; mycelium; peat; polymerase chain reaction; potting mix; ribosomal DNA; risk; root rot; root systems; roots; rootstocks; sanitation; seedlings; selective media; sodium hypochlorite; tuff; wood; China; Japan; Spain; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... Citrus rootstocks, Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.) and sour orange (C. aurantium L.) grown in containers filled with 5 liters of potting mix of 40% peat and 60% volcanic tuff declined in a 0.2-ha commercial nursery in Adana, Turkey, between 2004 and 2007. Seedlings with symptoms of root rot were found with an average disease incidence of 20% among 1,000 ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0459-PDN

11. First Report of Bacterial Fruit Blotch on Melon Caused by Acidovorax citrulli in California

Author:
Kumagai, L. B.; Woods, P. W.; Walcott, R.; Moua, X.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1423
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli; Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis melo; DNA; DNA fingerprinting; DNA primers; Nicotiana tabacum; Pseudomonas; agar; bacteria; cantaloupes; color; cotyledons; diagnostic techniques; financial economics; genes; growers; haplotypes; honeydew; honeydew melons; hypersensitive response; immunoassays; leaves; pathogenicity; pathogens; pericarp; pests; plastic bags; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; seedlings; tobacco; trade; watermelons; California; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... In July 2013, a melon plant sample (Cucumis melo cv. Saski) with disease symptoms resembling bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), was collected from a 10-acre field located in Yolo County, California, and submitted to the Plant Pest Diagnostics Center of the CDFA. Melon leaves had small (5 to 10 mm in diameter), tan to dark reddish-brown, angular lesions surrounded by yellow halos, and larger V-shaped le ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0132-PDN

12. First Report of Barley yellow striate mosaic virus on Wheat in China

Author:
Di, D. P.; Zhang, Y. L.; Yan, C.; Yan, T.; Zhang, A. H.; Yang, F.; Cao, X. L.; Li, D. W.; Lu, Y. G.; Wang, X. B.; Miao, H. Q.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1450
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Barley yellow striate mosaic virus; Laodelphax striatellus; Northern cereal mosaic virus; RNA; Rice black streaked dwarf virus; Triticum aestivum; Wheat American striate mosaic virus; coat proteins; cytoplasm; dwarfing; genes; genetic databases; greenhouses; insect vectors; leaves; nucleotide sequences; nymphs; phosphoproteins; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; seedlings; spring; surveys; tissues; transmission electron microscopy; viruses; wheat; China; Italy
Abstract:
... In the spring of 2014, a survey of viral diseases on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was carried out in Hebei Province, China. The samples with virus-like symptoms of dwarfing and flag leaf yellowing were collected in Zhaoxian, Quyang, Anxin, and Luannan. To reproduce the viral symptoms and confirm whether the unknown virus was transmitted by insect vectors, the nymphs of aviruliferous planthopper (L ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0540-PDN

13. First Report of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus in Cucumber, Melon, and Watermelon in Greece

Author:
Orfanidou, C.; Maliogka, V. I.; Katis, N. I.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1446
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Aphidoidea; Beet pseudoyellows virus; Bemisia tabaci; Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis sativus; Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus; Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus; Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus; RNA; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; adults; basins; chlorosis; crops; cucumbers; disease incidence; genes; genetic databases; greenhouses; heat-shock protein 70; hybrids; leaves; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; viruses; watermelons; Crete; Greece; Japan; Lebanon
Abstract:
... In 2011, an outbreak of a yellowing disease causing chlorosis and Interveinal chlorotic spots on lower leaves was observed in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (C. melo) plants in two greenhouses on the island of Rhodes, Greece. Similar symptoms were observed in 2012 in open field watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) plants in Rhodes and in November 2013 in a cucumber greenhouse in Tympaki, Crete. Di ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0227-PDN

14. First Report of Dry and Soft Rot of Cereus marginatus var. cristata Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Italy

Author:
Garibaldi, A.; Pensa, P.; Bertetti, D.; Ortu, G.; Gullino, M. L.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1441
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Cereus; Dianthus caryophyllus; Fusarium oxysporum; Pachycereus marginatus; agar; bark; cambium; chlamydospores; commercial farms; conidia; greenhouses; inoculum; internal transcribed spacers; mycelium; necrosis; ornamental value; pathogenicity; pathogens; pigments; plant health; relative humidity; ribosomal DNA; selective media; sequence homology; sporodochia; temperature; winter; xylem; Italy; United States
Abstract:
... During the winter of 2013, 50% of 20,000 plants of Cereus marginatus var. cristata, Cactaceae family, grown in a commercial farm located in Liguria (northern Italy) showed symptoms of a dry or soft rot. In the case of dry rot, affected plants showed on the stem superficial necrosis and dry rot, irregularly shaped, 1 to 10 mm, while epidermal and cortical tissues were wounded. Affected plants survi ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0558-PDN

15. First Report of Fusarium Ear Rot of Maize Caused by Fusarium andiyazi in China

Author:
Zhang, H.; Luo, W.; Pan, Y.; Xu, J.; Xu, J. S.; Chen, W. Q.; Feng, J.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1428
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Fusarium verticillioides; Zea mays; agar; chlamydospores; conidia; corn ears; cultivars; ear rot; ethanol; food crops; forage; fungi; genes; genetic databases; greenhouses; isolation techniques; mycelium; mycotoxins; new species; nucleotide sequences; pathogenicity; pathogens; pigmentation; risk; seeds; sequence analysis; silk; sodium hypochlorite; surveys; sweetcorn; temporal variation; waxy corn; China
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop worldwide. Some Fusarium species cause maize ear rot leading to significant yield losses and, for some Fusarium species, potential risk of mycotoxin contamination. In 2013, a survey was conducted to determine the population composition of Fusarium species on maize in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, China, where about 5% of maize ears in each field were fo ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0010-PDN

16. First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 3 and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in Tomatoes in the Azapa Valley of Chile

Author:
Sepúlveda-Chavera, G.; Huanca, W.; Salvatierra-Martínez, R.; Latorre, B. A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1432
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
DNA; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici; Fusarium wilt; Solanum lycopersicum; chlamydospores; conidia; containers; cultivars; death; discoloration; greenhouses; leaves; mycelium; paper; pathogenicity; peat; polymerase chain reaction; races; roots; rootstocks; sand; seedlings; sodium hypochlorite; soil; stems; tap water; tissues; tomatoes; wilting; Chile; United States
Abstract:
... Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important crop in the Azapa Valley (18°35′ S, 69°30′ W) in northern Chile, with approximately 600 ha of fresh tomatoes under greenhouses. Cultivars resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) races 1 and 2 are mainly used. However, in 2012 and 2013, Fusarium wilt incidence was 2 to 3%. Symptoms appeared unilaterally and consisted of yellowing, le ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0243-PDN

17. First Report of Fusarium oxysporum on Sweet Pepper Seedlings in Almería, Spain

Author:
Lomas-Cano, T.; Palmero-Llamas, D.; de Cara, M.; García-Rodríguez, C.; Boix-Ruiz, A.; Camacho-Ferre, F.; Tello-Marquina, J. C.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1435
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera; Capsicum annuum; Chinese cabbage; Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis sativus; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium wilt; Luehea; Phytophthora capsici; Solanum lycopersicum; autoclaving; conidia; crown rot; cucumbers; databases; eggplants; fungi; genes; growth chambers; growth retardation; host specificity; leaves; mixing; necrosis; nucleotide sequences; pathogenicity; pathogens; pepper; photoperiod; root rot; roots; seedlings; sporodochia; sweet peppers; taxonomic keys; temperature; tomatoes; vermiculite; watermelons; wilting; xylem; Spain
Abstract:
... In March of 2013, new symptoms were observed in more than seven million nursery-grown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in El Ejido, Almería (southern Spain). Symptoms included wilting without yellowing of leaves and stunting of plants. Plant crowns exhibited necrosis that advanced through the main root along with slight root rot. Xylem was not affected above or below the crown. Symptoms were ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0346-PDN

18. First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Phoma dictamnicola on Dictamnus dasycarpus in Korea

Author:
Park, J. H.; Cho, S. E.; Lee, C. K.; Lee, S. H.; Shin, H. D.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1443
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Dictamnus dasycarpus; Oriental traditional medicine; Phoma; aesthetics; agar; color; conidia; defoliation; epiphytes; flowers; fungi; gardens; genetic databases; greenhouses; harvesting; herbaria; humidity; inoculum; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; oils; pathogenicity; photoperiod; plastic bags; pycnidia; ribosomal DNA; seedlings; vigor; China; Korean Peninsula; Netherlands; North America
Abstract:
... Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz, known as densefruit pittany, is a perennial herbal plant belonging to the Rutaceae. In Oriental medicine, this plant is used for treatment of various ailments (4). Since the white and purple striped flowers and glossy leaves are of aesthetic value, the plant is popular in gardens throughout Korea. In July 2012, a leaf spot was observed on hundreds of D. dasycarpus with ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0606-PDN

19. First Report of Leaf Spot of Tea Oil Camellia (Camellia oleifera) Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in China

Author:
Zhu, H.; Niu, X.-Q.; Song, W.-W.; Yu, F.-Y.; Tang, Q.-H.; Qin, W.-Q.; Chen, L.-Q.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1427
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Botryodiplodia theobromae; Camellia oleifera; Lasiodiplodia theobromae; agar; conidia; cotton; death; dieback; ethanol; fungi; genes; genetic databases; greenhouses; hosts; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; mycelium; oil crops; oils; pathogenicity; photoperiod; pycnidia; relative humidity; sodium hypochlorite; subtropics; tea; tubulin; China
Abstract:
... Tea oil camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.), one of the most famous woody oil plants, is distributed and cultivated widely in central and southern China for its strong adaptability. In September 2013, tea oil camellia plants with severe leaf spots were observed in commercial production fields located in Wenchang, Hainan Province. Spots were initially chlorotic, became necrotic and black with a chlo ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0656-PDN

20. First Report of Maize chlorotic mottle virus Infecting Maize in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Author:
Lukanda, M.; Owati, A.; Ogunsanya, P.; Valimunzigha, K.; Katsongo, K.; Ndemere, H.; Kumar, P. Lava
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1448
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
DNA; Maize chlorotic mottle virus; Maize streak virus; Sugarcane mosaic virus; Zea mays; corn; crop production; forage; leaves; monitoring; necrosis; open reading frames; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; polyclonal antibodies; rabbits; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; virology; viruses; China; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Kenya; Nigeria; Rwanda; Tanzania; Uganda; United States
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major food and fodder crop cultivated on 1.54 million ha in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In December 2013, unusually severe chlorotic mottle symptoms and pale green streaks were observed in local varieties (Mudishi 1 and 2, Bambou, Kasayi, H614, H613, and Mugamba) and exotic varieties (H520, H624, H403, HDK8031, and ZM607) in Beni, Lubero, and Rutshuru terri ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0394-PDN