PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Journal Plant disease Remove constraint Journal: Plant disease Publication Year 2014 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2014
Start Over

Search

365  Search Results

« Previous | 1 - 100 of 365 |
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. Allele-Specific PCR for the Detection of Azoxystrobin Resistance in Didymella bryoniae

Author:
Finger, Mavis J.; Parkunan, Venkatesan; Ji, Pingsheng; Stevenson, Katherine L.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1681-1684
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
DNA; Didymella bryoniae; alanine; alleles; amino acid substitution; azoxystrobin; blight; fungi; glycine (amino acid); mitochondria; nucleotide sequences; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; watermelons; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... Gummy stem blight (GSB), caused by the fungus Didymella bryoniae, is considered the most widespread and destructive disease of watermelon in the southeastern United States. The quinone outside-inhibiting (QoI) fungicide azoxystrobin (AZO), which inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the outer, quinone-oxidizing pocket of the cytochrome bc1 (cyt b) enzyme complex, was initially very effe ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0136-RE

2. An Automatic Method to Detect and Measure Leaf Disease Symptoms Using Digital Image Processing

Author:
Barbedo, Jayme Garcia Arnal
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1709-1716
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
algorithms; color; digital images; disease severity; foliar diseases; humans; image analysis; leaves; plant veins
Abstract:
... A method is presented to detect and quantify leaf symptoms using conventional color digital images. The method was designed to be completely automatic, eliminating the possibility of human error and reducing time taken to measure disease severity. The program is capable of dealing with images containing multiple leaves, further reducing the time taken. Accurate results are possible when the sympto ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0290-RE

3. An Improved Leaf Disc Bioassay for Detecting Calonectria pseudonaviculata in Soil and Potting Media

Author:
Dart, Norm; Hong, Chuanxue; Bradley, William Tyler
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1626-1631
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Buxus sempervirens; Calonectria; baiting; bioassays; blight; defoliation; dieback; epidemiology; field capacity; inoculum; leaves; pathogens; potting mix; sandy loam soils; sclerotia; soil water; Canada; New Zealand; United Kingdom; United States
Abstract:
... Boxwood blight caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata results in severe defoliation and dieback to boxwood (Buxus spp.). The pathogen was first described in the United Kingdom and New Zealand in the mid to late 1990s and has since spread throughout Europe and most recently to the United States and Canada. While many Calonectria spp. have an epidemiologically significant soil phase, little is known ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0233-RE

4. A Zoospore Inoculation Method with Phytophthora sojae to Assess the Prophylactic Role of Silicon on Soybean Cultivars

Author:
Guérin, Valérie; Lebreton, Amandine; Cogliati, Erik E.; Hartley, Sue E.; Belzile, François; Menzies, James G.; Bélanger, Richard R.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1632-1638
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Phytophthora sojae; control methods; cultivars; disease resistance; hydroponics; inoculation methods; pathogens; phenotype; races; silicon; soybeans; zoospores
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to evaluate whether silicon (Si) amendments, known to have a prophylactic role against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, could protect soybean against Phytophthora sojae. To fulfill this objective, the initial challenge was to develop a method of inoculation that reproduced the natural infection process while allowing regular Si feeding to the plants. In a fi ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0102-RE

5. Bacterial Leaf Scorch in the District of Columbia: Distribution, Host Range, and Presence of Xylella fastidiosa Among Urban Trees

Author:
Harris, Jordan L.; Di Bello, Patrick L.; Lear, Monica; Balci, Yilmaz
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1611-1618
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Morus alba; Platanus occidentalis; Quercus palustris; Ulmus americana; Xylella fastidiosa; bacteria; dieback; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; genotype; host range; leaves; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; scorch; surveys; trees; urban areas; District of Columbia
Abstract:
... A survey of urban trees affected by bacterial leaf scorch (BLS) caused by Xylella fastidiosa was conducted in the District of Columbia during 2011 and 2012. Over 20 species of urban trees were evaluated at 95 sites. Symptomatic and asymptomatic foliage from trees with BLS symptoms and foliage from neighboring asymptomatic trees were sampled. An X. fastidiosa-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent as ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0158-SR

6. Co-infection and disease severity of Ohio Maize dwarf mosaic virus and Maize chlorotic dwarf virus strains

Author:
Morales, Katia; Zambrano, Jose Luis; Stewart, Lucy R.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1661
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Maize chlorotic dwarf virus; Maize dwarf mosaic virus; Zea mays; corn; disease severity; greenhouse experimentation; growth and development; mixed infection; plant growth; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; signs and symptoms (plants); viruses; Ohio
Abstract:
... Two major maize viruses have been reported in the United States: Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV). These viruses co-occur in regions where maize is grown such that co-infections are likely. Co-infection of different strains of MCDV is also observed frequently, and a synergistic enhancement of symptoms in co-infected plants was previously reported. Here we exam ...
Handle:
10113/61400
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1230-RE

7. Differential Susceptibility of 39 Tomato Varieties to Phytophthora infestans Clonal Lineage US-23

Author:
Hansen, Z. R.; Small, I. M.; Mutschler, M.; Fry, W. E.; Smart, C. D.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1666-1670
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Phytophthora infestans; Solanum lycopersicum; field experimentation; fungicides; genes; heirloom varieties; heterozygosity; homozygosity; monitoring; pesticide application; plums; summer; tomatoes; United States
Abstract:
... During the summers of 2012 and 2013, 39 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) lines or varieties were evaluated for resistance to late blight in three separate field trials. In each trial, late blight was caused by field isolates of Phytophthora infestans clonal lineage US-23. Varieties with the late blight resistance genes Ph-1, Ph-2, Ph-3, and Ph-2 + Ph-3 were included, along with several heirloom varie ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0263-RE

8. First Report of Botrytis pseudocinerea Causing Gray Mold on Blueberry in North America

Author:
Saito, S.; Michailides, T. J.; Xiao, C. L.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1743
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Botrytis cinerea; DNA; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; agar; blueberries; conidia; conidiophores; fenhexamid; fruits; fungi; genes; genetic databases; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; gray mold; heat shock proteins; internal transcribed spacers; loci; mycelium; organic foods; pathogenicity; plant pathology; polymerase chain reaction; restriction fragment length polymorphism; sibling species; sodium hypochlorite; vineyards; Central Valley of California; New Zealand
Abstract:
... Botrytis cinerea has previously been shown to consist of two sibling species, referred to as Group I and Group II, that can be differentiated by PCR-RFLP analysis of the Bc-hch gene, a vegetative incompatibility locus (1). Group I has recently been described as a new cryptic species, B. pseudocinerea (4). Gray mold caused by B. cinerea is a major postharvest disease of blueberries in the Central V ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0565-PDN

9. First Report of Broad bean wilt virus 2 in Leonurus sibiricus in Korea

Author:
Seo, J.-K.; Shin, O. J.; Kwak, H.-R.; Kim, M.-K.; Choi, H.-S.; Lee, S.-H.; Kim, J.-S.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1748
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Aphidoidea; Broad bean wilt virus 2; Capsicum annuum; Leonurus sibiricus; Nicotiana benthamiana; RNA; complementary DNA; crops; female genital diseases; genetic databases; genome; growth retardation; high-throughput nucleotide sequencing; host range; leaves; nucleotide sequences; nucleotides; paprika; pepper; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; rapid amplification of cDNA ends; raw materials; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; sap; traditional medicine; transcriptome; weeds; South East Asia
Abstract:
... Leonurus sibiricus L. (family Lamiaceae) has been used as a traditional herbal remedy to treat various gynecologic diseases. Although it is a widely distributed subtropical weed in Southeast Asia, L. sibiricus have been commercially cultivated on a small scale in many geographic areas of Korea. In August 2012, field-grown L. sibiricus plants showing mosaic, yellowing, and stunting symptoms were co ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0568-PDN

10. First Report of Cabbage Head Rot Caused by Fusarium avenaceum in Poland

Author:
Robak, J.; Czubatka, A.; Czajka, A.; Smolinska, U.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1741
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Brassica oleracea; DNA primers; Fusarium avenaceum; agar; cabbage; chlamydospores; conidia; crops; ethanol; fungi; genetic databases; growing season; growth chambers; head rot; internal transcribed spacers; leaves; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; pigmentation; polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal DNA; seeds; species identification; sporodochia; Canada; Poland; United States
Abstract:
... Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) is an important crop in Poland. Symptoms of a disease affecting cabbage were observed in 2012 and 2013 both in mid-August during the growing season and during storage in January and February. The disease affected about 30 to 40% of crops grown on ~9,000 ha over three locations: Charsznica in south Poland and Bedlno and Skierniewice in central Poland. ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0462-PDN

11. First Report of Grapevine virus A and Grapevine fleck virus in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Author:
Kostadinovska, E.; Mitrev, S.; Bianco, P. A.; Casati, P.; Bulgari, D.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1747
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
vines; Grapevine fleck virus; wood; DNA primers; antibodies; Grapevine virus A; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; surveys; genetic databases; viruses; nucleotide sequences; Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3; Vitis vinifera; RNA; leaves
Abstract:
... Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important crop and can host several different viruses, including those that have to be excluded from certified propagating material in Europe. Among these, the Vitivirus Grapevine virus A (GVA) and the Maculavirus Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) are phloem-limited viruses that are associated with two different grapevine diseases, Kober stem grooving, b ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0343-PDN

12. First Report of Kudzu (Pueraria montana) Infections by Tobacco ringspot virus in Mississippi

Author:
Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic, N.; Allen, T. W.; Broome, M.; Lawrence, A.; Moore, W. F.; Sabanadzovic, S.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1746
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Pueraria montana var. lobata; Tobacco ringspot virus; amino acids; antiserum; autumn; blight; buffers; cultivars; deformation; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; genetic databases; growth retardation; industry; leaves; necrosis; nucleotides; pH; phosphates; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; soybeans; summer; surveys; virion; viruses; Louisiana; Mississippi
Abstract:
... Virus-like symptoms were observed in several kudzu patches in Mississippi during a survey of viruses infecting soybean carried out in late summer/fall of 2013 as a part of a project funded by the Mississippi Soybean Promotion Board. Symptomatology consisted of chlorotic mottle and ringspots, vein-associated feathering, necrosis, and leaf deformation, which were often observed in combination on the ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-13-0554-PDN

13. First Report of Neocosmospora vasinfecta var. vasinfecta Causing Soybean Stem Rot in South Korea

Author:
Sun, S. L.; Kim, M. Y.; Van, K.; Lee, Y.-H.; Zhong, C.; Zhu, Z. D.; Lestari, P.; Lee, Y.-W.; Lee, S.-H.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1744
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Neocosmospora vasinfecta; agar; asci; ascospores; chlorosis; conidia; crop production; death; discoloration; genes; inoculation methods; internal transcribed spacers; leaves; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; perithecia; photoperiod; pith; ribosomal DNA; seedlings; sequence analysis; sodium hypochlorite; soil; soybeans; stem rot; stems; streptomycin; sulfates; tubulin; China; Japan; South Korea; United States
Abstract:
... In September 2010, stem rot symptoms were observed on soybean plants (cv. Daepungkong) growing in a field located at Daegu (35.52° N, 128.35° E), South Korea. The first noticeable symptoms, observed on the top leaves, were difficult to distinguish from those of sudden death syndrome (SDS). However, after splitting the stems of symptomatic plants, typical stem rot symptoms appeared as reddish-brown ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0580-PDN

14. First Report of Postharvest Rot of Chestnuts Caused by Mucor racemosus f. sphaerosporus in Korea

Author:
Park, J. H.; Cho, S. E.; Lee, S. H.; Lee, C. K.; Shin, H. D.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1742
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Castanea crenata; Castanea mollissima; Mucor racemosus; agar; chestnuts; chlamydospores; cold; cold storage; collars; containers; control methods; cultivars; discoloration; fungi; genetic databases; hybrids; internal transcribed spacers; marketing; oils; pathogenicity; pathogens; planting; postharvest diseases; ribosomal DNA; sporangia; surveys; temperature; tissues; Chile; South Korea; Switzerland
Abstract:
... The Republic of Korea (South Korea) is the second largest chestnut producer in the world. Major cultivars planted in Korea, including cv. Daebo, Hyogo57, and Okkwang, are hybrids of Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata) and Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima). Because of high perishability, most chestnuts harvested in September and October are preserved in cold rooms (0°C) for marketing. During a surv ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0522-PDN

15. First Report of Seedborne Fusarium thapsinum and its Pathogenicity on Soybean (Glycine max) in the United States

Author:
Pedrozo, R.; Little, C. R.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1745
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Dianthus caryophyllus; Fusarium thapsinum; Glycine max; agar; ambient temperature; autoclaving; bananas; conidia; corn; databases; genes; greenhouse production; indigenous species; mortality; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; peanuts; pigmentation; plant tissues; planting; seedlings; seeds; sodium hypochlorite; soil; soybeans; surveys; tubulin; vermiculite; Kansas
Abstract:
... A three-year survey from 2010 to 2012 was conducted in Kansas to investigate the identity and diversity of seedborne Fusarium spp. in soybean. A total of 408 soybean seed samples from 10 counties were tested. One hundred arbitrarily selected seeds from each sample were surface-sterilized for 10 min in a 1% sodium hypochlorite solution to avoid contaminants and promote the isolation of internal fus ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0594-PDN

16. First Report of Watermelon mosaic virus Infecting Melon and Watermelon in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author:
Trkulja, V.; Vasić, J.; Vuković, B.; Stanković, I.; Vučurović, A.; Bulajić, A.; Krstić, B.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1749
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis melo; Cucurbita pepo; RNA; Watermelon mosaic virus; amino acids; buffers; coat proteins; deformation; financial economics; genes; genetic databases; host range; hosts; leaf curling; leaves; necrosis; pH; phosphates; phylogeny; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; pumpkins; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; surveys; tissues; viruses; watermelons; zucchini; Bosnia-Herzegovina; Serbia; Slovakia
Abstract:
... Hereby the expansion of host range of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, Potyvirus, Potyviridae), found previously on zucchini in Bosnia and Herzegovina (3), to two new hosts is reported. Also, this is the first finding of WMV “emerging” (EM) isolate causing more severe symptoms in some cucurbits than “classic” (CL) isolates (1). During a July 2013 survey to determine the presence of WMV on cucurbits i ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-07-14-0737-PDN

17. First Report of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Pathotype A Causing Asiatic Citrus Canker in Grande Comore and Anjouan

Author:
Grygiel, P.; Seny-Couty, A.; Hassani, F. Abdou; Boyer, C.; Boyer, K.; Vernière, C.; Pruvost, O.; Hamza, A. A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1739
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Citrus aurantiifolia; Citrus latifolia; Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri; bacteria; branches; cultivars; dieback; essential genes; fruits; grapefruits; islands; leaves; markets; multilocus sequence typing; oranges; pathogens; pathotypes; plant pathology; polymerase chain reaction; quarantine; sanitation; single nucleotide polymorphism; tangors; Comoros; Indian Ocean; Seychelles
Abstract:
... The causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker, Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, is a bacterium of major economic importance in tropical and subtropical citrus-producing areas. X. citri pv. citri pathotype A can cause severe infection in a wide range of citrus species and induces erumpent, callus-like lesions with water-soaked margins evolving to corky cankers and leading to premature fruit, leaf drop, and ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0397-PDN

18. First Report of Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae Causing Mango Bacterial Canker on Mangifera indica in Ivory Coast

Author:
Pruvost, O.; Boyer, C.; Grygiel, P.; Boyer, K.; Verniere, C.; Gagnevin, L.; Soro, S.; N'Guessan, C.; Kone, D.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1740
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Mangifera indica; Xanthomonas citri; agar; bacteria; bacterial canker; branches; buffers; cultivars; defoliation; disease incidence; fruit drop; genes; glucose; groves; growth chambers; inoculum; integrated pest management; leaves; mangoes; multilocus sequence typing; nucleotide sequences; nursery stock; pH; pathogens; pathovars; peptones; plant pathology; population density; trees; wind; yeasts; Cote d'Ivoire; Ghana
Abstract:
... Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae causing bacterial canker (or black spot) is a major mango (Mangifera indica L.) pathogen in tropical and subtropical areas (3). The bacterium infects a wide range of mango cultivars, and induces raised, angular, black leaf lesions, sometimes with a yellow chlorotic halo. Fruit symptoms first appear as small water-soaked spots on the lenticels turning into st ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0072-PDN

19. Fungicide Resistance of Two Species of Alternaria from Potato in the Columbia Basin of Washington

Author:
Tymon, Lydia; Johnson, Dennis A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1648-1653
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria solani; azoxystrobin; basins; blight; boscalid; cell respiration; fungi; fungicide resistance; mechanism of action; mycelium; potatoes; screening; spore germination; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... Fungicides are extensively used in the Columbia Basin of Washington in an effort to manage early blight and brown spot on potato caused by Alternaria solani and A. alternata, respectively. Azoxystrobin and boscalid interfere with cellular respiration, and fungicide resistance is expected to occur in fungal populations due to the narrow modes of action dictated by each fungicide. The objective of t ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1199-RE

20. Fusarium poae Pathogenicity and Mycotoxin Accumulation on Selected Wheat and Barley Genotypes at a Single Location in Argentina

Author:
Stenglein, Sebastian A.; Dinolfo, María I.; Barros, Germán; Bongiorno, Fabricio; Chulze, Sofía N.; Moreno, María V.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1733-1738
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Fusarium poae; analysis of variance; barley; disease incidence; disease severity; durum wheat; fungi; genotype; nivalenol; pathogenicity; pathogens; Argentina
Abstract:
... Fusarium poae is a relatively weak pathogen with increasing importance in cereal grains, principally due to its capacity to produce several mycotoxins. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity and toxin accumulation of individual F. poae isolates on wheat and barley under natural conditions for 3 years. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences for year–genotype, year–isolate, ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0182-RE

21. Lineage, Temperature, and Host Species have Interacting Effects on Lesion Development in Phytophthora ramorum

Author:
Eyre, C. A.; Hayden, K. J.; Kozanitas, M.; Grünwald, N. J.; Garbelotto, M.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1717-1727
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Laurus nobilis; Phytophthora ramorum; Rhododendron; disease control; forest ecosystems; hosts; leaves; pathogenicity; pathogens; phenotype; temperature; California
Abstract:
... There are four recognized clonal lineages of the pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. The two major lineages present in North America are NA1 and NA2. With a few exceptions, NA1 is found in natural forest ecosystems and nurseries, and NA2 is generally restricted to nurseries. Isolates from the NA1 and NA2 lineages were used to infect rhododendron, camellia, and California bay laurel in detached leaf ass ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0151-RE

22. Mycelial Compatibility and Pathogenic Diversity Among Sclerotium rolfsii Isolates in the Southern United States

Author:
Xie, Chenzhao; Huang, Cheng-Hua; Vallad, Gary E.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1685-1694
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Athelia rolfsii; blight; breeding; hosts; mycelium; peanuts; pepper; potatoes; sclerotia; soil fungi; subtropics; tomatoes; virulence; Florida; Georgia; Louisiana; South Carolina; Texas; Virginia
Abstract:
... Sclerotium rolfsii is a soilborne fungus that causes southern blight on a wide range of plants in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Eighty-four isolates collected from Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, South Carolina, Texas, and Virginia were paired and assigned to 23 mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs), of which 11 MCGs consisted of a single isolate. Isolates within an MCG typically orig ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-08-13-0861-RE

23. Occurrence and Development of the Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera avenae) in Shandong, China

Author:
Wu, Hai Yan; He, Qiong; Liu, Jing; Luo, Jian; Peng, De Liang
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1654-1660
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Heterodera avenae; cultivars; cyst nematodes; dormancy; juveniles; population density; population dynamics; rhizosphere; roots; seedlings; soil temperature; stem elongation; tillering; winter wheat; China
Abstract:
... The cereal cyst nematode (CCN), Heterodera aveane, has been found in 16 provinces of China, including the Shandong winter-wheat-growing region. This study investigated the population dynamics of H. avenae in the winter wheat ‘Jimai 22’ and ‘Tainong 18’ for two consecutive years in the field. Soil and root samples were collected during the winter-wheat-growing season and H. avenae population densit ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-08-13-0830-RE

24. Occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus Subgroups IA and IB Isolates in Tomatoes in Nigeria

Author:
Kayode, A. B.; Odu, B. O.; Ako-Nai, K. A.; Alabi, O. J.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1750
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Aphidoidea; Cucumber mosaic virus; DNA; DNA fragmentation; Solanum lycopersicum; amino acids; antigens; centrifugation; chlorosis; commercial farms; computer software; crops; ethanol; farmers; fruit growing; genetic databases; growth retardation; host plants; host range; inoculum; leaves; phylogeny; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; polyclonal antibodies; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; seeds; surveys; tomatoes; tropical agriculture; weeds; Nigeria
Abstract:
... Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a major economic crop consumed globally in fresh or processed forms. During a routine field survey of major tomato-producing areas of southwestern Nigeria in May/June 2013, tomato plants cv. Roma VF showing virus-like symptoms including stunting, chlorosis, and narrowing of leaf blades were observed in 10 farmers' fields with varying levels of incidence averagin ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-08-14-0844-PDN

25. Pathogenicity, Fungicide Resistance, and Genetic Variability of Phytophthora rubi Isolates from Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) in the Western United States

Author:
Stewart, Jane E.; Kroese, Duncan; Tabima, Javier F.; Larsen, Meredith M.; Fieland, Valerie J.; Press, Caroline M.; Zasada, Inga A.; Grünwald, Niklaus J.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1702-1708
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Phytophthora; Rubus idaeus; amplified fragment length polymorphism; baiting; fungicide resistance; genetic variation; internal transcribed spacers; isolation techniques; mefenoxam; production technology; raspberries; root rot; soil; virulence; California; Oregon; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... Root rot of raspberry (Rubus idaeus), thought to be primarily caused by Phytophthora rubi, is an economically important disease in the western United States. The objectives of this study were to determine which Phytophthora species are involved in root rot, examine the efficacy of different isolation methods (cane, root, and root/soil baiting with young raspberry plants), and determine if pathogen ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1130-RE

26. Phylogenetic Diversity of Rhizoctonia solani Associated with Canola and Wheat in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan

Author:
Broders, K. D.; Parker, M. L.; Melzer, M. S.; Boland, G. J.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1695-1701
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Rhizoctonia; Thanatephorus cucumeris; canola; field crops; internal transcribed spacers; pathogens; phylogeny; surveys; wheat; Alberta; Manitoba; Saskatchewan
Abstract:
... Rhizoctonia solani is a damaging soilborne pathogen, which affects most field crops in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. The objective of this study was to conduct a phylogenetic comparison of isolates of R. solani collected from a previous survey in the major canola- and wheat-growing regions of western Canada. A total of 128 multinucleate isolates from a previous sur ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0146-RE

27. Pythium brassicum sp. nov.: A Novel Plant Family-Specific Root Pathogen

Author:
Stanghellini, Michael E.; Mohammadi, Mojtaba; Förster, Helga; Adaskaveg, James E.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1619-1625
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Brassica oleracea; Pythium; broccoli; genetic databases; internal transcribed spacers; mycelium; new species; new status; oogonia; oospores; pathogenicity; pathogens; roots; sequence homology; sporangia; taxon descriptions; tubulin; wild plants
Abstract:
... Roots of stunted broccoli plants (Brassica oleracea) from the Palo Verde Valley, CA, were observed at various stages of decay. A species of Pythium with large spiny oogonia was microscopically observed and consistently isolated from decayed roots. Isolates produced spherical, intercalary sporangia (average 34.5 μm in diameter) and aplerotic oospores (average 37.3 μm in diameter) in oogonia (averag ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0285-RE

28. Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Squash vein yellowing virus Infections in Watermelon

Author:
Turechek, William W.; Roberts, Pamela D.; Stansly, Philip A.; Webster, Craig G.; Kousik, Chandrasekar S.; Adkins, Scott
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1671-1680
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Aleyrodidae; Cucurbit leaf crumple virus; Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus; Cucurbitaceae; Squash vein yellowing virus; decline; disease incidence; growing season; heat sums; plant viruses; vines; viruses; watermelons; Florida
Abstract:
... Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) is a whitefly-transmitted ipomovirus infecting watermelon and other cucurbits that was recently introduced to Florida. Effects on watermelon are devastating, with total vine collapse, often near harvest, and fruit rendered unmarketable by brown, discolored flesh. The epidemiology of SqVYV was studied in a 1-ha field of ‘Fiesta’ watermelon over six growing season ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-10-13-1094-RE

29. The Effect of Open-Ended High Tunnels in Western Washington on Late Blight and Physiological Leaf Roll Among Five Tomato Cultivars

Author:
Powell, M.; Gundersen, B.; Cowan, J.; Miles, C. A.; Inglis, D. A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1639-1647
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Phytophthora infestans; air temperature; correlation; crop yield; cultivars; fungicides; growers; leaf rolling; leaf wetness; organic production; pesticide application; relative humidity; spring; tomatoes; Oregon; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... A 3-year study in western Washington from 2010 to 2012 evaluated five tomato cultivars for tomato disease development and yield in open-ended high-tunnel versus open-field settings. Findings in 2010 revealed that severity of late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (US-11), was significantly (P = 0.002) lower in high-tunnel compared with open-field experimental plots based on area under disea ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1261-RE

30. Variability in Puccinia melanocephala Pathogenicity and Resistance in Sugarcane Cultivars

Author:
Hoy, J. W.; Avellaneda, M. C.; Bombecini, J.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1728-1732
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Puccinia melanocephala; breeding; cultivars; disease severity; genes; genotype; host plants; leaf area; leaf rust; pathogenicity; pathogens; sugarcane; urediniospores
Abstract:
... Brown rust, caused by Puccinia melanocephala, is an important disease of sugarcane worldwide, controlled primarily with host plant resistance. Disease response shifts from resistant to susceptible have been repeatedly observed for cultivars. However, information is limited concerning pathogen variability related to host reactions. To evaluate variability in the pathogen population and characterize ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0074-RE

31. Xanthomonas arboricola Diseases of Stone Fruit, Almond, and Walnut Trees: Progress Toward Understanding and Management

Author:
Lamichhane, Jay Ram
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.12 pp. 1600-1610
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Juglans; Prunus; Xanthomonas arboricola; almonds; apricots; bacterial canker; blight; cherries; crops; disease outbreaks; nectarines; pathogens; pathovars; peaches; plums; trees; walnuts
Abstract:
... Stone fruit (Prunus spp.: apricot, cherry, peach, nectarine, plum, and sloe), almond (Prunus spp.), and walnut (Juglans spp.) crops are among the most economically important tree crops worldwide and are cultivated to a different extent on all continents. The number of countries growing these crops has increased in the last decade with a subsequent increase in acreage globally. Throughout the range ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-08-14-0831-FE

32. Analysis of Stem Rust Resistance in Australian Barley Cultivars

Author:
Derevnina, L.; Fetch, T.; Singh, D.; Brueggeman, R.; Dong, C.; Park, R. F.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1485-1493
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Puccinia graminis; barley; chlorosis; cultivars; genes; mixed infection; pathotypes; pedigree; seedlings; stem rust
Abstract:
... Eighty-two Australian and five exotic barley cultivars were evaluated at the seedling stage for resistance to the Australian stem rust pathotype 98-1,2,3,5,6. Although most of these cultivars exhibited mesothetic (mixed infection type) reactions that were associated with a high level of chlorosis, two (‘O'Connor’ and ‘Pacific Ranger’) were highly resistant. Marker analysis indicated that four Aust ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1174-RE

33. Characterization of the Colletotrichum Species Causing Anthracnose in Andean Blackberry in Colombia

Author:
Afanador-Kafuri, Lucía; González, Alonso; Gañán, Lederson; Mejía, Juan Fernando; Cardona, Nadya; Alvarez, Elizabeth
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1503-1513
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Castilla; Colletotrichum kahawae; Glomerella cingulata; Rubus glaucus; actin; anthracnose; benomyl; calmodulin; chitin synthase; ecotypes; farmers; genes; genetic variation; glutamate-ammonia ligase; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; internal transcribed spacers; pathogenicity; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; tubulin; Colombia
Abstract:
... Since 1992, anthracnose of Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus) has generated losses as high as 40% for farmers in Colombia. In this study, our goal was to characterize 240 Colletotrichum isolates from Andean blackberry in eight areas of Colombia. These isolates were evaluated according to morphological characteristics, sensitivity to benomyl, pathogenicity, and genetic variability. Identification of ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-07-13-0752-RE

34. Development and Validation of Standard Area Diagrams as Assessment Aids for Estimating the Severity of Citrus Canker on Unripe Oranges

Author:
Braido, Ricardo; Gonçalves-Zuliani, Aline M. O.; Janeiro, Vanderly; Carvalho, Sérgio A.; Junior, José Belasque; Bock, Clive H.; Nunes, William M. C.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1543-1550
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Citrus; Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri; correlation; grapefruits; oranges; pathogens; Brazil
Abstract:
... Asiatic citrus canker (ACC) is an important disease of citrus in Brazil and elsewhere in the world. Infection with the causal pathogen, Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, can cause severe disease on the fruit. Visual estimation of severity is the usual method used to quantify ACC on diseased fruit. The objective of this research was to construct and validate standard area diagram (SAD) sets as assess ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0090-RE

35. Efficacy and Application Methods of Oxathiapiprolin for Management of Black Shank on Tobacco

Author:
Ji, Pingsheng; Csinos, Alexander S.; Hickman, Lara L.; Hargett, Unessee
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1551-1554
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Phytophthora nicotianae; application methods; crop yield; disease control; mefenoxam; seedlings; tobacco
Abstract:
... Black shank, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, is responsible for serious yield and quality reduction in tobacco production. Application of effective fungicides continues to be a viable component in developing integrated disease management programs. Experiments were conducted in 2011 to 2013 to determine the efficacy and application methods of a new fungicide, Zorvec (a.i. oxathiapiprolin), for m ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0172-RE

36. Evaluation of Fungicides for the Control of Peronospora belbahrii on Sweet Basil in New Jersey

Author:
Homa, Kathryn; Barney, William P.; Ward, Daniel L.; Wyenandt, Christian A.; Simon, James E.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1561-1566
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Bacillus pumilus; Ocimum basilicum; Peronospora; Reynoutria sachalinensis; azoxystrobin; basil; clove oil; copper hydroxide; crop losses; cultivars; cyazofamid; disease control; downy mildew; fenamidone; genetic resistance; hydrogen; pathogens; phosphorous acid; propamocarb hydrochloride; rosemary; salts; sesame oil; thyme; New Jersey
Abstract:
... Basil downy mildew (BDM), caused by the fungus-like oomycete pathogen Peronospora belbahrii, has become a destructive disease of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). Without proper management, BDM can cause complete crop loss. Currently, there are no commercially available sweet basil cultivars with genetic resistance to BDM. Because BDM is a relatively new disease of basil in the United States, there ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0200-RE

37. Evolutionary Pathways to Break Down the Resistance of Allelic Versions of the PVY Resistance Gene va

Author:
Janzac, B.; Tribodet, M.; Lacroix, C.; Moury, B.; Verrier, J. L.; Jacquot, E.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1521-1529
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Potato virus Y; alleles; clones; durability; genetic background; mutation; tobacco; virulence; viruses
Abstract:
... Emergence of viral genotypes can make control strategies based on resistance genes ineffective. A few years after the deployment of tobacco genotypes carrying alleles of the Potato virus Y (PVY) recessive resistance gene va, virulent PVY isolates have been reported, suggesting the low durability of va. To have a broader view of the evolutionary processes involved in PVY adaptation to va, we studie ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1126-RE

38. First Report of a 16SrII-C Phytoplasma Associated with Asymptomatic Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) in Brazil

Author:
Silva, F. N.; Queiroz, R. B.; Souza, A. N.; Al-Sadi, A. M.; Siqueira, D. L.; Elliot, S. L.; Carvalho, C. M.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1577
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Cactus witches'-broom phytoplasma; Candidatus Liberibacter; Citrus aurantiifolia; DNA primers; crops; enzymes; flowers; fruits; greening disease; inoculum; leaf area; leaves; membrane proteins; nucleotide sequences; phylogeny; phytoplasmal diseases; plant pathogenic bacteria; plant pathology; polymerase chain reaction; restriction fragment length polymorphism; ribosomal DNA; sequence analysis; Brazil; Tahiti
Abstract:
... At present, the principal bacterial disease of citrus in Brazil is Huanglongbing, caused by the alpha-proteobacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter spp.’ (although a phytoplasma of the 16SrIX group is also associated with this disease [4]). While there is a wide diversity of phytoplasmas in crop species in Brazil (3), there have been no reports of symptoms associated with phytoplasma in Brazilian citru ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0222-PDN

39. First Report of Chilli veinal mottle virus Infecting Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in China

Author:
Zhao, F.-F.; Xi, D.-H.; Liu, J.; Deng, X.-G.; Lin, H.-H.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1589
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Capsicum annuum; Chilli veinal mottle virus; Cucumber mosaic virus; DNA fragmentation; Nicotiana tabacum; RNA; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; Solanum lycopersicum; Tobacco mosaic virus; Western blotting; antiserum; coat proteins; complementary DNA; crop yield; genes; genetic databases; hot peppers; leaves; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; tobacco; tomatoes; viruses; China
Abstract:
... Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), a potyvirus, is widespread over the world. In China, it was first reported in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) in Hainan Province (south China) in 2006 (2). Subsequently, it was reported in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in Yunnan Province (southwest China) in 2011 (1). Sichuan Province is one of the largest vegetable producing areas of China. In May 2012, tomatoes ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0154-PDN

40. First Report of Dieback of Camellia azalea Caused by Glomerella cingulata f. sp. camelliae in Guangdong, China

Author:
Sun, S.; Wang, J.; Zhao, H.; Zhang, M.; Shu, C.; Wang, X.; Zhou, E.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1583
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Camellia; Glomerella cingulata; actin; branches; climate; color; conidia; dieback; endangered species; fruits; fungi; indigenous species; internal transcribed spacers; isolation techniques; leaves; necrosis; ornamental value; perithecia; photoperiod; plantations; prices; purification methods; relative humidity; shoots; trees; tubulin; China
Abstract:
... Camellia azalea Wei (Theaceae) is a critically endangered species with high ornamental value in China. Its wild individual plants, less than 1,000, are only found in Yangchun, Guangdong Province, China. Since 2010, a severe dieback on C. azalea has been observed in several commercial plantations in Foshan, Guangdong Province, during the process of artificial propagation. The infection started from ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0367-PDN

41. First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Corynespora cassiicola on Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) in China

Author:
Yuan, G. Q.; Xie, Y. L.; Tan, D. C.; Li, Q. Q.; Lin, W.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1586
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Actinidia chinensis; Actinidia deliciosa; Corynespora cassiicola; DNA; conidia; conidiophores; consensus sequence; cotton; defoliation; ethanol; fruiting; fungi; genetic databases; greenhouses; internal transcribed spacers; kiwifruit; leaf spot; leaves; maturity stage; mercuric chloride; mycelium; necrosis; orchards; pathogenicity; pathogens; tissues; washing; China
Abstract:
... Kiwifruit (Actinidia) is a common fruit cultivated in many countries. Actinidia deliciosa and A. chinensis are two commercially important kiwifruit species. Over 70,000 ha are grown annually in China. In 2012, a leaf spot disease of A. chinensis was observed in several orchards in Leye County (106°34′ E, 24°47′ N), Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. The disease mainly damaged the leaves duri ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0601-PDN

42. First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Myrothecium roridum on Coffea canephora in Brazil

Author:
Silva, A. D. A.; Pinho, D. B.; Costa, H.; Lopes, U. P.; Pereira, O. L.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1587
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Coffea canephora; DNA; Myrothecium roridum; clones; conidia; fungi; genetic databases; growth chambers; herbaria; host range; hosts; humidity; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; microscopy; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; photoperiod; plastic bags; seedlings; sporodochia; spraying; Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Guatemala; India; Indonesia; Puerto Rico; Virgin Islands
Abstract:
... Coffea canephora (conilon coffee) represents approximately 30% of the coffee marketed worldwide. The state of Espírito Santo is the largest conilon coffee-producing state in Brazil. In 2013 and 2014, leaves with a leaf spot were observed on most of the conilon coffee seedlings in a commercial nursery in Laranja da Terra, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The infected leaves were deposited in the VIC Herbari ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0611-PDN

43. First Report of Mulberry Root Rot Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in China

Author:
Xie, H.-H.; Wei, J.-G.; Liu, F.; Pan, X.-H.; Yang, X.-B.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1581
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Fusarium; Lasiodiplodia theobromae; Morus alba; bark; branches; cash crops; conidia; cortex; cotton; farms; fruit trees; fruits; fungi; genetic databases; greenhouses; internal transcribed spacers; leaves; medicinal plants; mulberries; mycelium; orchards; pathogenicity; pathogens; planting; ribosomal DNA; root rot; roots; seedlings; signs and symptoms (plants); xylem; China; India
Abstract:
... Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is an important cash crop and medicinal plant that has been cultivated for more than 5,000 years in China. The area of mulberry production in Guangxi Province is 45% of total production in China, with 1.3 million ha planted. In recent years, a mulberry root rot occurred in Heng County covering all the mulberry planting farms. Observations of 200 diseased plants were made. ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0210-PDN

44. First Report of Phytophthora hydropathica Causing Wilting and Shoot Dieback on Viburnum in Italy

Author:
Vitale, S.; Luongo, L.; Galli, M.; Belisario, A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1582
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Kalmia latifolia; Phytophthora ramorum; Rhododendron catawbiense; Viburnum tinus; agar; autumn; branches; chlamydospores; cytochrome-c oxidase; databases; death; dieback; greenhouses; horticultural crops; inoculum; internal transcribed spacers; irrigation water; leaves; mitochondria; mycelium; ornamental plants; pathogenicity; pathogens; pepper; phloem; public gardens; roots; seeds; selective media; shoots; shrubs; soil; soil sampling; sporangia; surveys; temperature; trees; wilting; woodlands; Italy; Mediterranean region; United States
Abstract:
... The genus Viburnum comprises over 150 species of shrubs and small trees such as Laurustinus (Viburnum tinus L.), which is one of the most widely used ornamental plants in private and public gardens. Furthermore, it commonly forms stands of natural woodland in the Mediterranean area. In autumn 2012, a survey was conducted to determine the presence of Phytophthora ramorum on Viburnum in commercial n ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0277-PDN

45. First Report of Pineapple Black Rot Caused by Ceratocystis paradoxa on Ananas comosus in French Guiana

Author:
Hubert, J.; Fourrier, C.; Laplace, D.; Ioos, R.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1584
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Ananas comosus; Ceratocystis paradoxa; agar; anamorphs; bananas; chlamydospores; chloramphenicol; coconuts; conidia; crop damage; fresh market; fruits; fungi; genetic databases; internal transcribed spacers; leaves; malt extract; markets; monitoring; mycelium; odors; parasites; pathogenicity; pathogens; photoperiod; pineapples; plant protection; plant tissues; polymerase chain reaction; postharvest diseases; quarantine; ribosomal DNA; smell; stem rot; sugarcane; French Guiana
Abstract:
... Ceratocystis paradoxa (Dade) C. Moreau is a polyphagous wound parasite causing black rot post-harvest disease in pineapple. This fungus is responsible for high losses of fruit destined for the fresh market and is a common problem in many countries (2). C. paradoxa is officially listed as a quarantine pathogen for French Guiana. In November 2013, the Plant Protection Service of French Guiana observ ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0492-PDN

46. First Report of Plum pox virus Strain M Isolates in Apricot in Sicily, Italy

Author:
Rizza, S.; Conti, F.; Pasquini, G.; Tessitori, M.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1591
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Aphidoidea; Plum pox virus; Prunus armeniaca; RNA; abnormal development; apricots; coasts; coat proteins; color; deformation; digestion; disease outbreaks; flowers; fruits; genes; genetic databases; leaves; peaches; plant protection; plums; polyclonal antibodies; restriction fragment length polymorphism; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; risk; spring; viruses; Albania; Canada; Egypt; Italy; Latvia; Russia; Sicily; Ukraine
Abstract:
... Sharka or plum pox disease is one of the most economically important virus diseases of stone fruits. Plum pox virus (PPV), the causal agent, is a member of the genus Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner and by grafting. To date, nine PPV strains have been described on the basis of their biological, serological, and molecular properties: M and D are t ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0444-PDN

47. First Report of Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) Naturally Occurring on Jute (Corchorus olitorius) in India

Author:
Biswas, C.; Dey, P.; Mitra, S.; Bera, A.; Satpathy, S.; Karmakar, P. G.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1592
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Aphis gossypii; Bean common mosaic virus; Begomovirus; Corchorus olitorius; Cowpea mosaic virus; Cucumber mosaic virus; Papaya ringspot virus; Potato leafroll virus; Potato virus Y; RNA; Watermelon mosaic virus; analytical kits; coat proteins; complementary DNA; consensus sequence; disease incidence; field experimentation; genes; genetic databases; host range; jute; on-farm research; open reading frames; petioles; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; translation (genetics); viruses; Bangladesh; China; India; Indonesia; Myanmar; Nepal; South America; Thailand
Abstract:
... Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) is an important bast fiber crop that is mainly grown in the Southeast Asian countries like India, Bangladesh, Nepal, China, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, and a few South American countries. In June 2013, symptoms suggestive of a viral disease were noticed on jute (cv. JRO524) in an experimental field of the CRIJAF research farm, Barrackpore, India, and the incidence o ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0619-PDN

48. First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Blumeria graminis on Festuca arundinacea in China

Author:
Zhang, F.-L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Xu, K.-D.; Liu, K.; Wang, Y.; Lu, Y.-J.; Xiang, J.; Zhang, L.; Shi, X.-Y.; Wang, H.; Tan, G.-X.; Cao, P.; Li, C.-W.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1585
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Blumeria graminis; DNA; Festuca arundinacea; Poa pratensis; anamorphs; asci; ascospores; cleistothecia; conidia; conidiophores; forage; fungi; genetic databases; growth chambers; humidity; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; lawns and turf; leaves; mycelium; perennials; photoperiod; powdery mildew; spraying; teleomorphs; turf grasses; China; Europe; Iran; Israel; United States
Abstract:
... Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb), a predominant cool-season perennial grass, is widely used as forage and turf grasses in China. In July 2013, powdery mildew was observed on 10 F. arundinacea lawns (about 0.5 ha in total) in Urumchi, Xinjiang Province, China, with 20 to 30% of the area being infected. Signs of the disease initially appeared as irregular white mycelial colonies on the adaxi ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0551-PDN

49. First Report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit in Slovenia

Author:
Dreo, T.; Pirc, M.; Ravnikar, M.; Žežlina, I.; Poliakoff, F.; Rivoal, C.; Nice, F.; Cunty, A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1578
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Actinidia deliciosa; DNA; Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae; agar; bacteria; bacterial canker; boric acid; cycloheximide; cytochrome-c oxidase; dieback; essential genes; fluorescence; glucose; health services; kiwifruit; leaf spot; leaves; magnesium sulfate; metabolism; multilocus sequence typing; night temperature; nitrates; nucleotide sequences; orchards; pathotypes; pests; plant extracts; plastic bags; polymerase chain reaction; relative humidity; shoots; sucrose; virulence; virulent strains; wilting; Slovenia
Abstract:
... In May 2013, 20 plants in a production orchard of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cv. Hayward in the seaside area of Primorska showed small, angular, coalescing necrotic leaf spots and cankers on green shoots. In the following 2 weeks, disease progressed to wilting and shoot dieback with exudates. Symptoms were consistent with Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. Circular, flat, granulated colonie ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0451-PDN

50. First Report of Strawberry Dieback Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae

Author:
Yildiz, A.; Benlioglu, K.; Benlioglu, H. S.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1579
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Botryodiplodia theobromae; Fragaria ananassa; Lasiodiplodia theobromae; Mediterranean climate; agar; conidia; control methods; corn meal; dieback; discoloration; fungi; genes; genetic databases; greenhouse production; hosts; internal transcribed spacers; microbial growth; mycelium; pathogenicity; phylogeny; planting; pycnidia; ribosomal DNA; roots; sequence analysis; soil solarization; soil-borne diseases; strawberries; subtropics; wilting; Korean Peninsula; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... With a typical Mediterranean climate, Aydin is the third largest strawberry-producing province, responsible for 13% of the overall strawberry production in Turkey. Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) are mainly grown in raised, plastic-mulched beds under tunnels and soil solarization is the most effectively used management practice to control soil-borne pathogens. During October 2011 and 2 ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-07-13-0747-PDN

51. First Report of Sweet potato leaf curl Georgia virus Infecting Tall Morning Glory (Ipomoea purpurea) in China

Author:
Zhang, S. B.; Du, Z. G.; Wang, Z.; Tang, Y. F.; She, X. M.; Lan, G. B.; He, Z. F.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1588
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Begomovirus; DNA fragmentation; Ipomoea purpurea; amino acid sequences; annuals; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; digestion; genetic databases; genome; leaf curling; molecular cloning; nucleic acids; open reading frames; polymerase chain reaction; proteins; sequence analysis; sweet potatoes; vegetative propagation; viruses; China; Georgia; India
Abstract:
... In September 2013, tall morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) plants showing vein yellowing and leaf curl symptoms typical of a begomovirus infection were observed in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China. Total nucleic acids were extracted from a symptomatic plant using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Rolling circle amplification (RCA) was conducted using TempliPhi kit (GE Healthcare) to recover the ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-07-14-0688-PDN

52. First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) in Tomato Crops in Saudi Arabia

Author:
Al-Saleh, M. A.; Al-Shahwan, I. M.; Shakeel, M. T.; Amer, M. A.; Orfanidou, C. G.; Katis, N. I.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1590
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Bemisia tabaci; RNA; Solanum lycopersicum; Tomato chlorosis virus; Tomato infectious chlorosis virus; Tomato yellow leaf curl virus; abortion (plants); adults; crop losses; disease outbreaks; field crops; genes; genetic variation; greenhouses; growth retardation; hosts; hybrids; indicator species; leaves; mixed infection; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; tomatoes; viruses; Brazil; Japan; Saudi Arabia
Abstract:
... During January 2014, open field and greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops in the peripheral areas of Riyadh region (Al-Aflaj, Al-Kharj, Al-Waseel, and Al-Dalam), Saudi Arabia, were surveyed. In all surveyed tomato crops, yellowing symptoms were observed on the lower leaves, possibly infected by a whitefly transmitted crinivirus (family Closteroviridae) such as Tomato chlorosis virus (T ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0418-PDN

53. First Report on the Occurrence of a New Pathotype, 714, of Plasmopara halstedii (Sunflower Downy Mildew) in Hungary

Author:
Bán, R.; Kovács, A.; Körösi, K.; Perczel, M.; Turóczi, Gy.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1580
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Helianthus annuus; Plasmopara halstedii; chlorosis; cotyledons; cultivars; disease incidence; disease severity; downy mildew; genes; greenhouses; growth retardation; hybrids; inoculum; leaves; pathogens; pathotypes; phenotype; planting; plastic bags; races; seedlings; sporulation; trays; virulence; weather; France; Hungary; Italy
Abstract:
... Downy mildew of sunflower, caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farlow) Berlese et de Toni, is an economically important disease in Hungary and much of Europe. The known pathotypes (races) of the pathogen influence the resistance genes (Pl genes) incorporated into new sunflower hybrids to manage the disease. There are at least 36 pathotypes of P. halstedii worldwide (3), but the number of races is incr ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0060-PDN

54. Fitness of Erysiphe necator with G143A-Based Resistance to Quinone Outside Inhibitors

Author:
Rallos, Lynn Esther E.; Johnson, Nels G.; Schmale, David G.; Prussin, Aaron J.; Baudoin, Anton B.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1494-1502
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Uncinula necator; Vitis vinifera; container-grown plants; fungicides; genes; grapes; growing season; inoculum; microsatellite repeats; mixing; powdery mildew; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; vineyards
Abstract:
... Management of grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) using quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) has eroded in an increasing number of regions due to resistance development. To determine persistence of resistance when QoIs are withdrawn, competition assays were conducted on unsprayed grape plants (Vitis vinifera ‘Chardonnay’) by cycling mixtures of resistant and sensitive isolates characterized as ge ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1202-RE

55. Impact of Pratylenchus penetrans on Established Red Raspberry Productivity

Author:
Han, Ziduan; Walters, Thomas W.; Zasada, Inga A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1514-1520
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Pratylenchus penetrans; Rubus idaeus; autumn; biomass; crop yield; cultivars; fine roots; fruit composition; nematicides; phytotoxicity; plant parasitic nematodes; population density; raspberries; root systems; soil; spring; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... The plant-parasitic nematode Pratylenchus penetrans is a major constraint to the production of red raspberry. To determine whether several popular raspberry cultivars in Washington State differ in susceptibility to P. penetrans and whether post-plant nematicides treatments are warranted, five independent, multiyear trials were conducted. Trials in existing plantings of ‘Cascade Bounty’, ‘Chemainus ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1235-RE

56. Infection Courts and Timing of Infection of Apple Fruit by Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis in the Orchard in Relation to Speck Rot During Storage

Author:
Sikdar, P.; Mazzola, M.; Xiao, C. L.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1467-1475
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Phacidiopycnis; apples; calyx; cold storage; fungal diseases of plants; growing season; orchards; plant pathogenic fungi; plant rots; stamens; tissues
Abstract:
... Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis is the cause of speck rot, a recently reported postharvest fruit rot disease of apple. The pathogen is believed to incite infections in the field, and disease symptoms become evident only during storage. To determine the timing of apple fruit infection in relation to development of speck rot in storage, ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Fuji’ apple fruit were inoculated in the or ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0054-RE

57. Introduction of Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus into the United Arab Emirates

Author:
Idris, A.; Al-Saleh, M.; Amer, M.; Abdalla, O.; Brown, J.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1593
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Bemisia tabaci; Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus; TATA box; amino acid sequences; basins; coasts; coat proteins; disease incidence; farms; genes; genetic databases; insect vectors; intergenic DNA; leaf curling; leaves; molecular cloning; okra; open reading frames; plasmid vectors; polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; viruses; winter; Egypt; Jordan; Oman; Pakistan; Saudi Arabia; Sub-Saharan Africa; United Arab Emirates
Abstract:
... Severe leaf curl and small vein thickening symptoms were observed in okra fields in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the winter season, 2013. These symptoms were reminiscent of those often associated with begomovirus infection. Based on the symptoms observed in okra plants growing in adjacent fields (20 × 20 m) on two small holding farms, the disease incidence ranged from 90 to 100%. The ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0584-PDN

58. New Insights into Mango Malformation Disease Epidemiology Lead to a New Integrated Management Strategy for Subtropical Environments

Author:
Freeman, Stanley; Shtienberg, Dani; Maymon, Marcel; Levin, Adolfo G.; Ploetz, Randy C.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1456-1466
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Mangifera indica; abnormal development; canopy; cultivars; epidemiology; etiology; financial economics; flowering; fruit yield; fruits; inflorescences; mangoes; orchards; planting; seedlings; subtropics; trees; tropics; Europe; India
Abstract:
... Mango (Mangifera indica) is regarded as the king of fruits in India, where it has been cultivated for at least 4,000 years and has great cultural and religious significance. Many Indian mango cultivars originated in the fifteenth century when the best selections of mango seedlings were propagated by grafting and planted in large orchards, in some cases numbering 100,000 trees. With the arrival of ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-07-14-0679-FE

59. Polymyxa graminis Isolates from Australia: Identification in Wheat Roots and Soil, Molecular Characterization, and Wide Genetic Diversity

Author:
Cox, B. A.; Luo, H.; Jones, R. A. C.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1567-1575
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Polymyxa graminis; Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus; Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus; Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus; barley; genes; genetic databases; genetic variation; grain crops; leaves; nucleotide sequences; parasites; phylogeny; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; ribotypes; roots; sequence analysis; soil; soil sampling; viruses; wheat; Australia; Western Africa
Abstract:
... Polymyxa graminis is an obligate parasite of roots and an important vector of viruses that damage cereal crops in different parts of the world. In 2011 and 2012, P. graminis was identified infecting 11 wheat root samples from three widely dispersed locations in southwest Australia. Its presence was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by DNA sequencing of the transcribed regio ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0128-RE

60. Sensitivity of Monilinia fructicola from Peach Farms in China to Four Fungicides and Characterization of Isolates Resistant to Carbendazim and Azoxystrobin

Author:
Chen, S. N.; Shang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Schnabel, G.; Lin, Y.; Yin, L. F.; Luo, C. X.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1555-1560
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Monilinia fructicola; amino acids; azoxystrobin; benzimidazole; boscalid; carbamates; carbendazim; cross resistance; diethofencarb; farms; genes; growth retardation; mutation; mycelium; orchards; peaches; postharvest losses; succinate dehydrogenase (quinone); tebuconazole; tubulin; China
Abstract:
... Brown rot of peach caused by Monilinia fructicola can cause considerable preharvest and postharvest losses in China. Fungicides are increasingly utilized to minimize such losses. Eighty isolates of M. fructicola were collected from commercial peach orchards located in five provinces in China and the sensitivity to carbendazim, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, and boscalid was determined. Resistance to ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1145-RE

61. Tillage, Fungicide, and Cultivar Effects on Frogeye Leaf Spot Severity and Yield in Soybean

Author:
Mengistu, Alemu; Kelly, Heather M.; Bellaloui, Nacer; Arelli, Prakash R.; Reddy, Krishna N.; Wrather, Allen J.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1476-1484
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Cercospora sojina; analysis of variance; climate change; crop yield; cultivars; developmental stages; disease severity; field experimentation; frogeye leaf spot; maturity groups; no-tillage; pesticide application; planting; pyraclostrobin; risk; soybeans; Tennessee
Abstract:
... Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) of soybean, caused by Cercospora sojina, has been a problem in the southern United States for many years but has become an increasing problem in the northern United States more recently, causing significant yield losses. This increase in disease severity in the northern United States has been attributed to increased utilization of no-till planting and changes in climate. A ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1268-RE

62. Virulence Characterization of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Using a New Set of Yr Single-Gene Line Differentials in the United States in 2010

Author:
Wan, Anmin; Chen, Xianming
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1534-1542
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Puccinia striiformis f. tritici; avirulent strains; cultivars; fungicides; genes; grasses; races; stripe rust; virulence; wheat; Rocky Mountain region; United States
Abstract:
... Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici causes stripe rust (yellow rust) of wheat and is highly variable in virulence toward wheat with race-specific resistance. During 2010, wheat stripe rust was the most widespread in the recorded history of the United States, resulting in large-scale application of fungicides and substantial yield loss. A new differential set with 18 yellow rust (Yr) single-gene li ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0071-RE

63. Wide Phenotypic Diversity for Resistance to Phytophthora infestans Found in Potato Landraces from Peru

Author:
Pérez, Willmer; Ñahui, Miriam; Ellis, David; Forbes, Gregory A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.11 pp. 1530-1533
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Phytophthora infestans; biodiversity; breeding; genes; greenhouses; landraces; pathogens; phenotypic variation; potatoes; Peru
Abstract:
... The wild and cultivated species of potato have been utilized in potato breeding to good effect but only a very small sample of the available biodiversity has been exploited. In total, 468 accessions of wild and cultivated species of potato were assessed for resistance to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans using greenhouse assays. Wide phenotypic variation for resistance was found within ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0306-RE

64. A Latent Period Duration Model for Wheat Stem Rust

Author:
Nopsa, John F. Hernandez; Pfender, William F.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1358-1363
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Puccinia graminis; confidence interval; crop production; cultivars; epidemiology; food security; growth chambers; heat; latent period; mathematical models; races; stem rust; temperature; wheat
Abstract:
... Wheat stem rust (WSR), caused by Puccinia graminis subsp. graminis Pers., is a highly destructive disease of wheat and several other small grains. The discovery of P. graminis subsp. graminis race Ug99, which overcomes previously effective resistance in wheat, raises concerns for global wheat production and food security. There is currently no mathematical model that describes the duration of the ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1128-RE

65. Alternaria brassicicola Causes a Leaf Spot on Isatis indigotica in China

Author:
Gao, J.; Liu, Y. N.; Nan, N.; Lu, B. H.; Xia, W. Y.; Wu, X. Y.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1431
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria brassicicola; DNA; Isatis tinctoria; agar; agricultural colleges; carrots; conidia; conidiophores; encephalitis; ethanol; fungi; gardens; genetic databases; hepatitis; host plants; influenza; leaf spot; mycelium; ornamental plants; pathogenicity; pathogens; petioles; plant tissues; plastic bags; polymerase chain reaction; potatoes; roots; species identification; spraying; China
Abstract:
... Chinese woad (Isatis indigotica) is a biennial herb in the Brassicaceae that is widely cultivated in China. Extracts from the roots and leaves have potential pharmaceutical use for treatment of flu, encephalitis, measles, hepatitis, and mumps (2). In June 2012, a leaf spot was observed on 1-year-old plants of I. indigotica in the medicinal garden of Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0205-PDN

66. Anthracnose Disease on Annual Bluegrass as Affected by Foot Traffic and Sand Topdressing

Author:
Roberts, Joseph A.; Murphy, James A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1321-1325
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Colletotrichum; Poa annua; anthracnose; disease severity; field experimentation; golf courses; lawns and turf; sand; traffic
Abstract:
... Sand topdressing is applied to maintain or enhance playability of the turf surface of putting greens. Anthracnose is a devastating disease of annual bluegrass (ABG; Poa annua) putting green turf, caused by Colletotrichum cereale. The disease is more severe on weakened turf and reputed to be exacerbated by management practices that wound turf. A 2-year field study was initiated in 2007 to evaluate ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-08-13-0877-RE

67. Asian Foxtail (Uraria crinita), a New Host for Sclerotium rolfsii from Taiwan

Author:
Shen, Y. M.; Chao, C. H.; Liu, H. L.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1438
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
rice; sodium hypochlorite; leaf blight; seedlings; sequence homology; roots; greenhouses; stems; glucose; sclerotia; ambient temperature; internal transcribed spacers; Uraria crinita; agar; mycelium; tissues; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; pathogenicity; molecular cloning; autoclaving; inoculum; granules; cuisine; genetic databases; Athelia rolfsii; fungi; Taiwan; Spain
Abstract:
... Asian foxtail (Uraria crinita (L.) Desv. ex DC.) is an herb cultivated for the use of roots and stems in Taiwanese cuisine. In September 2013, symptoms of leaf blight and basal rot were observed on U. crinita in a commercial field in Longjing District, Taichung, Taiwan, at an incidence of approximately 20%. White mycelia and brown sclerotia formed on the surfaces of the basal stems. The infected p ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0430-PDN

68. A Technique to Study Meloidogyne arenaria Resistance in Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Transformed Peanut

Author:
Chu, Y.; Guimarães, L. A.; Wu, C. L.; Timper, P.; Holbrook, C. C.; Ozias-Akins, P.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1292-1299
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Agrobacterium; Meloidogyne arenaria; Rhizobium rhizogenes; chlorine; disease resistance; galls; gene expression regulation; genes; genetically modified organisms; genotype; germination; humidity; mercuric chloride; peanuts; phenotype; roots; seedlings; vermiculite
Abstract:
... A reliable peanut root transformation system would be useful to study the functions of genes involved in root biology and disease resistance. The objective of this study was to establish an effective protocol to produce composite plants mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation. In total, 75% of transformed peanut seedlings produced an average of 2.83 transgenic roots per plant. Peanut s ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1241-RE

69. Efficacy and Economics of Integrating In-Field and Harvesting Strategies to Manage Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat

Author:
Salgado, Jorge David; Madden, Laurence V.; Paul, Pierce A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1407-1421
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium head blight; cultivars; data collection; deoxynivalenol; fungi; fungicide resistance; grain yield; harvesting; income; inflorescences; pesticide application; prices; seeds; statistical models; tebuconazole; wheat
Abstract:
... Fusarium head blight (FHB), a fungal disease of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum, and its associated toxins, particularly deoxynivalenol (DON), are best managed by integrating multiple strategies. Experiments were established in 2011 and 2013 to evaluate the effects of integrating cultivar resistance, fungicide application, and grain harvesting strategy on FHB index (IND; field severity), DON, ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0093-RE

70. Efficacy of Fungicide Applications During and After Anthesis Against Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol in Soft Red Winter Wheat

Author:
D'Angelo, D. L.; Bradley, C. A.; Ames, K. A.; Willyerd, K. T.; Madden, L. V.; Paul, P. A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1387-1397
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium head blight; application timing; deoxynivalenol; field experimentation; flowering; inoculum; pesticide application; seeds; soft red winter wheat; tebuconazole; Illinois; Ohio
Abstract:
... Seven field experiments were conducted in Ohio and Illinois between 2011 and 2013 to evaluate postanthesis applications of prothioconazole + tebuconazole and metconazole for Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol (DON) control in soft red winter wheat. Treatments consisted of an untreated check and fungicide applications made at early anthesis (A), 2 (A+2), 4 (A+4), 5 (A+5), or 6 (A+6) days after ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0091-RE

71. First Report of Alternaria Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria sp. on Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) in South Korea

Author:
Kwon, J.-H.; Kang, D.-W.; Cheon, M.-G.; Kim, J.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1434
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Citrus; Jatropha curcas; Vaccinium corymbosum; agar; blight; blueberries; conidia; conidiophores; disease incidence; fungi; genetic databases; greenhouses; hosts; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; olives; orchards; pathogenicity; pathogens; phylogeny; plasmids; relative humidity; ribosomal DNA; sodium hypochlorite; India; Mexico; South Africa; South Korea
Abstract:
... In South Korea, the culture, production, and consumption of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) have increased rapidly over the past 10 years. In June and July 2012, blueberry plants with leaf spots (~10% of disease incidence) were sampled from a blueberry orchard in Jinju, South Korea. Leaf symptoms included small (1 to 5 mm in diameter) brown spots that were circular to irregular in shape. The spot ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0336-PDN

72. First Report of Anthracnose on Pepper Fruit Caused by Colletotrichum scovillei in Brazil

Author:
Caires, N. P.; Pinho, D. B.; Souza, J. S. C.; Silva, M. A.; Lisboa, D. O.; Pereira, O. L.; Furtado, G. Q.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1437
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Capsicum annuum; Colletotrichum acutatum; agar; anthracnose; bags; conidia; fruits; fungi; genes; genetic databases; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; growth chambers; internal transcribed spacers; pathogen identification; pathogenicity; pathogens; pepper; peppers; photoperiod; species diversity; tropics; tubulin; Brazil; Indonesia; Japan; Thailand
Abstract:
... Anthracnose is major disease of pepper (Capsicum annum) in the tropics and causes severe damage both in the field and postharvest. In Brazil, this disease is caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, C. boninense, C. capsici, C. coccodes, and C. gloeosporioides, where the first species is responsible for 70% of all occurrences (3). Recently, C. acutatum has been considered a species complex (1); thus, th ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0416-PDN

73. First Report of Armillaria Root Rot Caused by Armillaria mellea Infecting Carrizo Citrange and Sour Orange Rootstocks in Turkey

Author:
Baysal-Gurel, F.; Cinar, A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1439
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Armillaria mellea; Citroncirus webberi; Citrus aurantium; Citrus sinensis; Poncirus trifoliata; Quercus; agar; bark; containers; disease incidence; greenhouses; hyphae; internal transcribed spacers; malt extract; mycelium; peat; polymerase chain reaction; potting mix; ribosomal DNA; risk; root rot; root systems; roots; rootstocks; sanitation; seedlings; selective media; sodium hypochlorite; tuff; wood; China; Japan; Spain; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... Citrus rootstocks, Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.) and sour orange (C. aurantium L.) grown in containers filled with 5 liters of potting mix of 40% peat and 60% volcanic tuff declined in a 0.2-ha commercial nursery in Adana, Turkey, between 2004 and 2007. Seedlings with symptoms of root rot were found with an average disease incidence of 20% among 1,000 ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0459-PDN

74. First Report of Bacterial Fruit Blotch on Melon Caused by Acidovorax citrulli in California

Author:
Kumagai, L. B.; Woods, P. W.; Walcott, R.; Moua, X.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1423
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli; Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis melo; DNA; DNA fingerprinting; DNA primers; Nicotiana tabacum; Pseudomonas; agar; bacteria; cantaloupes; color; cotyledons; diagnostic techniques; financial economics; genes; growers; haplotypes; honeydew; honeydew melons; hypersensitive response; immunoassays; leaves; pathogenicity; pathogens; pericarp; pests; plastic bags; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; ribosomal RNA; seedlings; tobacco; trade; watermelons; California; Southeastern United States
Abstract:
... In July 2013, a melon plant sample (Cucumis melo cv. Saski) with disease symptoms resembling bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), was collected from a 10-acre field located in Yolo County, California, and submitted to the Plant Pest Diagnostics Center of the CDFA. Melon leaves had small (5 to 10 mm in diameter), tan to dark reddish-brown, angular lesions surrounded by yellow halos, and larger V-shaped le ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0132-PDN

75. First Report of Barley yellow striate mosaic virus on Wheat in China

Author:
Di, D. P.; Zhang, Y. L.; Yan, C.; Yan, T.; Zhang, A. H.; Yang, F.; Cao, X. L.; Li, D. W.; Lu, Y. G.; Wang, X. B.; Miao, H. Q.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1450
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Barley yellow striate mosaic virus; Laodelphax striatellus; Northern cereal mosaic virus; RNA; Rice black streaked dwarf virus; Triticum aestivum; Wheat American striate mosaic virus; coat proteins; cytoplasm; dwarfing; genes; genetic databases; greenhouses; insect vectors; leaves; nucleotide sequences; nymphs; phosphoproteins; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; seedlings; spring; surveys; tissues; transmission electron microscopy; viruses; wheat; China; Italy
Abstract:
... In the spring of 2014, a survey of viral diseases on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was carried out in Hebei Province, China. The samples with virus-like symptoms of dwarfing and flag leaf yellowing were collected in Zhaoxian, Quyang, Anxin, and Luannan. To reproduce the viral symptoms and confirm whether the unknown virus was transmitted by insect vectors, the nymphs of aviruliferous planthopper (L ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0540-PDN

76. First Report of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus in Cucumber, Melon, and Watermelon in Greece

Author:
Orfanidou, C.; Maliogka, V. I.; Katis, N. I.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1446
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Aphidoidea; Beet pseudoyellows virus; Bemisia tabaci; Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis sativus; Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus; Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus; Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus; RNA; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; adults; basins; chlorosis; crops; cucumbers; disease incidence; genes; genetic databases; greenhouses; heat-shock protein 70; hybrids; leaves; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; viruses; watermelons; Crete; Greece; Japan; Lebanon
Abstract:
... In 2011, an outbreak of a yellowing disease causing chlorosis and Interveinal chlorotic spots on lower leaves was observed in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (C. melo) plants in two greenhouses on the island of Rhodes, Greece. Similar symptoms were observed in 2012 in open field watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) plants in Rhodes and in November 2013 in a cucumber greenhouse in Tympaki, Crete. Di ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0227-PDN

77. First Report of Dry and Soft Rot of Cereus marginatus var. cristata Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Italy

Author:
Garibaldi, A.; Pensa, P.; Bertetti, D.; Ortu, G.; Gullino, M. L.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1441
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Cereus; Dianthus caryophyllus; Fusarium oxysporum; Pachycereus marginatus; agar; bark; cambium; chlamydospores; commercial farms; conidia; greenhouses; inoculum; internal transcribed spacers; mycelium; necrosis; ornamental value; pathogenicity; pathogens; pigments; plant health; relative humidity; ribosomal DNA; selective media; sequence homology; sporodochia; temperature; winter; xylem; Italy; United States
Abstract:
... During the winter of 2013, 50% of 20,000 plants of Cereus marginatus var. cristata, Cactaceae family, grown in a commercial farm located in Liguria (northern Italy) showed symptoms of a dry or soft rot. In the case of dry rot, affected plants showed on the stem superficial necrosis and dry rot, irregularly shaped, 1 to 10 mm, while epidermal and cortical tissues were wounded. Affected plants survi ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0558-PDN

78. First Report of Fusarium Ear Rot of Maize Caused by Fusarium andiyazi in China

Author:
Zhang, H.; Luo, W.; Pan, Y.; Xu, J.; Xu, J. S.; Chen, W. Q.; Feng, J.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1428
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Fusarium verticillioides; Zea mays; agar; chlamydospores; conidia; corn ears; cultivars; ear rot; ethanol; food crops; forage; fungi; genes; genetic databases; greenhouses; isolation techniques; mycelium; mycotoxins; new species; nucleotide sequences; pathogenicity; pathogens; pigmentation; risk; seeds; sequence analysis; silk; sodium hypochlorite; surveys; sweetcorn; temporal variation; waxy corn; China
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop worldwide. Some Fusarium species cause maize ear rot leading to significant yield losses and, for some Fusarium species, potential risk of mycotoxin contamination. In 2013, a survey was conducted to determine the population composition of Fusarium species on maize in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, China, where about 5% of maize ears in each field were fo ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0010-PDN

79. First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 3 and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici in Tomatoes in the Azapa Valley of Chile

Author:
Sepúlveda-Chavera, G.; Huanca, W.; Salvatierra-Martínez, R.; Latorre, B. A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1432
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
DNA; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici; Fusarium wilt; Solanum lycopersicum; chlamydospores; conidia; containers; cultivars; death; discoloration; greenhouses; leaves; mycelium; paper; pathogenicity; peat; polymerase chain reaction; races; roots; rootstocks; sand; seedlings; sodium hypochlorite; soil; stems; tap water; tissues; tomatoes; wilting; Chile; United States
Abstract:
... Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important crop in the Azapa Valley (18°35′ S, 69°30′ W) in northern Chile, with approximately 600 ha of fresh tomatoes under greenhouses. Cultivars resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) races 1 and 2 are mainly used. However, in 2012 and 2013, Fusarium wilt incidence was 2 to 3%. Symptoms appeared unilaterally and consisted of yellowing, le ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0243-PDN

80. First Report of Fusarium oxysporum on Sweet Pepper Seedlings in Almería, Spain

Author:
Lomas-Cano, T.; Palmero-Llamas, D.; de Cara, M.; García-Rodríguez, C.; Boix-Ruiz, A.; Camacho-Ferre, F.; Tello-Marquina, J. C.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1435
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera; Capsicum annuum; Chinese cabbage; Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis sativus; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium wilt; Luehea; Phytophthora capsici; Solanum lycopersicum; autoclaving; conidia; crown rot; cucumbers; databases; eggplants; fungi; genes; growth chambers; growth retardation; host specificity; leaves; mixing; necrosis; nucleotide sequences; pathogenicity; pathogens; pepper; photoperiod; root rot; roots; seedlings; sporodochia; sweet peppers; taxonomic keys; temperature; tomatoes; vermiculite; watermelons; wilting; xylem; Spain
Abstract:
... In March of 2013, new symptoms were observed in more than seven million nursery-grown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants in El Ejido, Almería (southern Spain). Symptoms included wilting without yellowing of leaves and stunting of plants. Plant crowns exhibited necrosis that advanced through the main root along with slight root rot. Xylem was not affected above or below the crown. Symptoms were ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0346-PDN

81. First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Phoma dictamnicola on Dictamnus dasycarpus in Korea

Author:
Park, J. H.; Cho, S. E.; Lee, C. K.; Lee, S. H.; Shin, H. D.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1443
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Dictamnus dasycarpus; Oriental traditional medicine; Phoma; aesthetics; agar; color; conidia; defoliation; epiphytes; flowers; fungi; gardens; genetic databases; greenhouses; harvesting; herbaria; humidity; inoculum; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; oils; pathogenicity; photoperiod; plastic bags; pycnidia; ribosomal DNA; seedlings; vigor; China; Korean Peninsula; Netherlands; North America
Abstract:
... Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz, known as densefruit pittany, is a perennial herbal plant belonging to the Rutaceae. In Oriental medicine, this plant is used for treatment of various ailments (4). Since the white and purple striped flowers and glossy leaves are of aesthetic value, the plant is popular in gardens throughout Korea. In July 2012, a leaf spot was observed on hundreds of D. dasycarpus with ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0606-PDN

82. First Report of Leaf Spot of Tea Oil Camellia (Camellia oleifera) Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in China

Author:
Zhu, H.; Niu, X.-Q.; Song, W.-W.; Yu, F.-Y.; Tang, Q.-H.; Qin, W.-Q.; Chen, L.-Q.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1427
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Botryodiplodia theobromae; Camellia oleifera; Lasiodiplodia theobromae; agar; conidia; cotton; death; dieback; ethanol; fungi; genes; genetic databases; greenhouses; hosts; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; mycelium; oil crops; oils; pathogenicity; photoperiod; pycnidia; relative humidity; sodium hypochlorite; subtropics; tea; tubulin; China
Abstract:
... Tea oil camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.), one of the most famous woody oil plants, is distributed and cultivated widely in central and southern China for its strong adaptability. In September 2013, tea oil camellia plants with severe leaf spots were observed in commercial production fields located in Wenchang, Hainan Province. Spots were initially chlorotic, became necrotic and black with a chlo ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0656-PDN

83. First Report of Maize chlorotic mottle virus Infecting Maize in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Author:
Lukanda, M.; Owati, A.; Ogunsanya, P.; Valimunzigha, K.; Katsongo, K.; Ndemere, H.; Kumar, P. Lava
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1448
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
DNA; Maize chlorotic mottle virus; Maize streak virus; Sugarcane mosaic virus; Zea mays; corn; crop production; forage; leaves; monitoring; necrosis; open reading frames; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; polyclonal antibodies; rabbits; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; virology; viruses; China; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Kenya; Nigeria; Rwanda; Tanzania; Uganda; United States
Abstract:
... Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major food and fodder crop cultivated on 1.54 million ha in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In December 2013, unusually severe chlorotic mottle symptoms and pale green streaks were observed in local varieties (Mudishi 1 and 2, Bambou, Kasayi, H614, H613, and Mugamba) and exotic varieties (H520, H624, H403, HDK8031, and ZM607) in Beni, Lubero, and Rutshuru terri ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0394-PDN

84. First Report of Myrothecium roridum Causing Leaf Spot of Anubias barteri var. nana in Mainland China

Author:
Wang, J. H.; Wang, L.; Cheng, H. R.; Cheng, W. Z.; Rao, G. P.; Cao, G.; Zhang, M. Q.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1444
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Dieffenbachia seguine; Myrothecium roridum; agar; aquarium plants; aquariums; conidia; fungi; genetic databases; greenhouses; internal transcribed spacers; leaf spot; leaves; market value; ornamental plants; pathogens; planting; polymerase chain reaction; polysorbates; ribosomal DNA; sporodochia; syringes; China; Taiwan; Western Africa
Abstract:
... Anubias barteri var. nana (belonging to family Araceae) is one of the most popular ornamental plants for aquaria. It has slow growth and small attractive ornamental leaves. It originated from West Africa, was first described in 1860 by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (1), and is now commercially planted widely in southern China. A new disease of A. barteri var. nana was observed on leaves. Approximately 3 ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-07-14-0700-PDN

85. First Report of Natural Infection by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ in Bittersweet Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) in the Columbia Basin of Eastern Oregon

Author:
Murphy, A. F.; Cating, R. A.; Goyer, A.; Hamm, P. B.; Rondon, S. I.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1425
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Bactericera cockerelli; Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum; DNA primers; Solanum dulcamara; alternative hosts; bacteria; basins; chlorosis; environmental factors; epidemiology; farms; genes; genetic databases; leaves; nucleotide sequences; outer membrane proteins; perennial weeds; polymerase chain reaction; potatoes; production costs; ribosomal DNA; water stress; zebra chip disease; Honduras; Oregon; Washington (state)
Abstract:
... Potatoes are a major crop in the Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washington, representing an annual farm gate value of almost $750 million. Zebra chip disease (ZC), a new and economically important disease of potato, was first reported in Oregon and Washington in 2011 (1). The disease is caused by the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso, also referred to as ‘Ca. L. psyllaurous’), wh ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0469-PDN

86. First Report of Okra enation leaf curl virus and Associated Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite and Cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite Infecting Cotton in Pakistan: A New Member of the Cotton Leaf Curl Disease Complex

Author:
Hameed, U.; Zia-Ur-Rehman, M.; Herrmann, H.-W.; Haider, M. S.; Brown, J. K.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1447
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Abelmoschus esculentus; Bemisia tabaci; Cotton leaf curl Burewala virus; DNA primers; Gossypium hirsutum; Southern blotting; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; computer software; cotton; genetic databases; genome; intergenic DNA; leaf curling; leaves; mixed infection; nucleotide sequences; okra; plasmid vectors; polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; tissues; viruses; India; Pakistan
Abstract:
... Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important and widely cultivated crop in Pakistan, upon which many rely for economic security. Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is caused by a complex comprising of more than eight species in the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) with associated betasatellite and alphasatellites. During 2011, characteristic symptoms of leaf curl disease were widespread (> ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0316-PDN

87. First report of Penicillium crustosum causing blue mold on stored apple fruit in Serbia

Author:
Vico, Ivana; Gaskins, Verneta; Duduk, Natasa; Vasiċ, Miljan; Yu, Jiujiang; Peter, Kari A.; Jurick, Wayne M., II
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1430
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
DNA; Penicillium crustosum; apples; cold storage; conidia; conidiophores; cultivars; food spoilage; food storage; genes; loci; mycelium; nucleotide sequences; pathogens; polymerase chain reaction; postharvest diseases; sporulation; tubulin; Serbia
Abstract:
... Penicillium crustosum Thom (1930) causes blue mold on pome fruits and is also regularly found on cheese, nuts, and soil (1,3). The fungus produces a wide range of mycotoxins such as penitrem A, roquefortine C, terrestric acid, and cyclopenol, which impact human health (1). In January and February 2013, 20 decayed apples, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Jonagold’ (Malus × domestica Borkh.) with blue mold s ...
Handle:
10113/59691
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0186-PDN

88. First Report of Penicillium polonicum Causing Blue Mold on Stored Onion (Allium cepa) in Serbia

Author:
Duduk, N.; Vasić, M.; Vico, I.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1440
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Allium cepa; Balkan endemic nephropathy; DNA; Penicillium; agar; alkaloids; breeding; bulbs; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; citrus fruits; color; conidia; conidiophores; containers; control methods; cream; cultivars; cyclopiazonic acid; dried meat; financial economics; genes; genetic databases; glycopeptides; grains; host range; humidity; inoculum; loci; malt extract; nephrotoxicity; nucleotide sequences; onions; pathogenicity; peanuts; penicillic acid; polymerase chain reaction; sanitation; secondary metabolites; sporulation; sucrose; tubers; tubulin; yams; yeast extract; yeasts; Serbia
Abstract:
... Penicillium polonicum K. Zaleski is an economically important airborne fungus with a broad host range including cereals, peanuts, onions, dried meats, citrus fruits, and yam tubers (2,4). Secondary metabolites produced by this species include harmful mycotoxins penicillic acid, verucosidin, and nephrotoxic glycopeptides, which may play a role in Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (2,5). In January 2013, d ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0477-PDN

89. First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe betae on Swiss Chard in China

Author:
Zhang, Y.; Zhang, F. L.; Cao, P.; Liu, Y.; Liu, K.; Xu, K. D.; Liu, K.; Zhang, J.; Tan, G. X.; Li, C. W.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1429
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris; Erysiphe betae; cleistothecia; conidia; conidiophores; cultivars; fungi; genetic databases; germ tube; growth chambers; internal transcribed spacers; leaves; microscopy; mycelium; pathogens; photoperiod; powdery mildew; relative humidity; vegetables; China; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla) is a widely planted vegetable in China. From May to June 2013, an outbreak of powdery mildew on Swiss chard cultivar Fangzheng was observed in the commercial fields in Zhoukou city of Henan Province, located in central China. More than 80% of the plants exhibited symptoms of the disease. At the beginning of infection, circular, white, dust-like colonies ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0133-PDN

90. First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Phyllactinia actinidiae on Hardy Kiwi in Korea

Author:
Cho, S. E.; Park, J. H.; Lee, S. K.; Lee, S. H.; Lee, C. K.; Shin, H. D.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1436
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Actinidia arguta; DNA primers; Phyllactinia; appendages; appressoria; asci; ascospores; autumn; conidia; conidiophores; ecotourism; fruits; fungi; genetic databases; germ tube; herbaria; internal transcribed spacers; kiwifruit; leaves; mycelium; polymerase chain reaction; powdery mildew; ribosomal DNA; type collections; vines; China; Japan; Korean Peninsula; Siberia; Taiwan; Turkey (country)
Abstract:
... Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq., known as hardy kiwi, is a perennial vine native to Japan, Korea, northern China, and Russian Siberia. It produces a small fruit resembling the kiwifruit. The fruits, referred to as hardy kiwifruit, are edible and often sweeter than kiwifruit. Picking of wild hardy kiwifruits in autumn is a popular ecotourism activity in Korea. In 2000, a powdery ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0404-PDN

91. First Report of Powdery Mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) of Roses in Sinaloa, Mexico

Author:
Félix-Gastélum, R.; Herrera-Rodríguez, G.; Martínez-Valenzuela, C.; Maldonado-Mendoza, I. E.; Quiroz-Figueroa, F. R.; Brito-Vega, H.; Espinosa-Matías, S.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1442
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
DNA primers; phylogeny; disease incidence; calyx; greenhouses; Rosa; conidia; etiological agents; powdery mildew; internal transcribed spacers; mycelium; leaves; anamorphs; ornamental plants; buds; morphometry; winter; Podosphaera pannosa; relative humidity; germ tube; conidiophores; polymerase chain reaction; models; disease control; teleomorphs; temperature; fungicides; genetic databases; fungi; Mexico
Abstract:
... Rose (Rosa spp.) is the most important ornamental plant cultivated in greenhouse and open fields in Mexico but its quality has been limited by powdery mildew (PM). High incidence and disease damage is common during winter in Sinaloa, Mexico (temperature range 18 to 25°C and prolonged episodes of relative humidity ≥90%). The fungus attacks leaves and flowers and grows abundantly on the pedicels, se ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-06-14-0603-PDN

92. First Report of Rice stripe necrosis virus Infecting Rice in Burkina Faso

Author:
Sereme, D.; Neya, B. J.; Bangratz, M.; Brugidou, C.; Ouedraogo, I.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1451
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Benyvirus; Oryza sativa; Polymyxa graminis; RNA; abnormal development; crops; cultivars; death; disease incidence; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; field experimentation; fungi; genes; genetic databases; necrosis; nucleotide sequences; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; polyclonal antibodies; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; rice; seedlings; sequence analysis; soil; surveys; viruses; Burkina Faso; Cote d'Ivoire; France; Liberia; Nigeria; Sierra Leone
Abstract:
... Rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) was first described in 1977 as a new virus infecting rice in Cote d'Ivoire (3) and was subsequently observed in Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone (2). RSNV is a soil-borne virus transmitted by the fungus Polymyxa graminis (1) and belongs to the genus Benyvirus (4). During a survey carried out in April of 2013, severe symptoms characterized by seedling death, seve ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-14-0370-PDN

93. First Report of Rice yellow mottle virus in Rice in Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Author:
Rakotomalala, M. R.; Abera, B. B.; Pinel-Galzi, A.; Rakotoarisoa, J.; Alemu, D.; Fargette, D.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1449
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
research and development; rice; Oryza sativa; genes; Rice yellow mottle virus; scientists; polyclonal antibodies; monoclonal antibodies; viruses; leaves; international cooperation; coat proteins; crop production; cultivars; serotypes; paddies; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; genetic databases; disease surveys; RNA; Tanzania; Uganda; Madagascar; Japan; Ethiopia; Kenya
Abstract:
... Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV, genus Sobemovirus) is a major biotic constraint to rice production in Africa. First reported in Kenya in 1966, RYMV was later found in most countries in Africa where rice (Oryza sativa, O. glaberrima) is grown (5). In the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, however, the disease has never been reported in rice fields. In September 2012, plants with leaf yellowin ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0501-PDN

94. First Report of 16SrII-D Phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ Associated with Mung Bean Phyllody in Andhra Pradesh, India

Author:
Ragimekula, N.; Chittem, K.; Nagabudi, V. N.; del Río Mendoza, L. E.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1424
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Phytoplasma; Vigna radiata; agricultural colleges; branches; breeding lines; cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; chickpeas; computer software; genetic databases; germination; growth retardation; host plants; host range; humans; leaves; mung beans; pathogens; peanuts; phylogeny; phytoplasmal diseases; pods; polymerase chain reaction; restriction fragment length polymorphism; ribosomal DNA; ribosomal RNA; seeds; sequence analysis; tomatoes; India; Pakistan
Abstract:
... Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is an important edible legume grown in Asia, particularly in the Indian subcontinent, where it is used for human and animal consumption. In September 2013, 10% of a group of 90 mung bean breeding lines in experimental plots of S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India, exhibited symptoms typical of a phytoplasma infection, including stunt ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0334-PDN

95. First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus Infecting Tomato Crops in Uruguay

Author:
Arruabarrena, A.; Rubio, L.; González-Arcos, M.; Maeso, D.; Fonseca, M. E. N.; Boiteux, L. S.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1445
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Bemisia tabaci; RNA; Solanum lycopersicum; Tomato chlorosis virus; Tomato infectious chlorosis virus; Trialeurodes vaporariorum; adults; chlorosis; complementary DNA; crop yield; crops; fresh market; genes; genetic databases; greenhouse production; heat shock proteins; leaves; magnesium; nutrient deficiencies; plant diseases and disorders; plant viruses; polymerase chain reaction; sequence analysis; soil; surveys; tomatoes; Uruguay
Abstract:
... A survey of viral diseases was carried out during 2012 to 2013 in two major tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) producing regions in Uruguay (Salto and Canelones). Lower leaves of fruit-bearing plants were observed displaying yellowing and interveinal chlorosis under greenhouse conditions. The symptoms were similar to those associated with magnesium deficiency. However, the chlorosis displayed a tend ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-07-14-0719-PDN

96. First Report of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Causing Bacterial Spot Disease in Pepper in Northwestern Nigeria

Author:
Jibrin, M. O.; Timilsina, S.; Potnis, N.; Minsavage, G. V.; Shenge, K. C.; Akpa, A. D.; Alegbejo, M. D.; Beed, F.; Vallad, G. E.; Jones, J. B.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1426
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Xanthomonas vesicatoria; agar; computer software; databases; essential genes; genotype; leaves; multilocus sequence typing; muscles; nucleotide sequences; pathogenicity; pathogens; pepper; phenotype; phylogeny; tomatoes; Nigeria
Abstract:
... Bacterial spot (BS) has been reported as an important disease on pepper in Nigeria (4). Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria was identified as the causal agent using phenotypic and pathogenicity tests; however, X. campestris pv. vesicatoria is a synonym for two genetically distinct groups that have been elevated to the species X. euvesicatoria and X. vesicatoria (2). Furthermore, the latter two ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0504-PDN

97. Fusarium cerealis, A New Pathogen Causing Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Root Rot in China

Author:
Gao, J.; Wang, Y.; Guan, Y. M.; Chen, C. Q.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1433
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Dianthus caryophyllus; Fusarium cerealis; Oriental traditional medicine; Panax ginseng; agar; alcohols; canopy; chlamydospores; conidia; cultivation area; databases; genes; grain sorghum; greenhouses; growth and development; internal transcribed spacers; landraces; leaves; mycelium; pathogenicity; pathogens; perennials; photoperiod; plant containers; plant development; planting; ribosomal DNA; root rot; roots; soil sterilization; China
Abstract:
... Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is a perennial plant belonging to the genus Panax of the family Araliaceae, and it is a precious traditional Chinese medicine with immunity-enhancing, anti-tumor, anti-atherosclerosis, and other functions. Jilin Province, China, is the world's largest ginseng cultivation area, accounting for about 70% of global production. The root rots of ginseng caused by Fusarium spp. ar ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0307-PDN

98. QoI-Resistance Stability in Relation to Pathogenic and Saprophytic Fitness Components of Alternaria alternata from Citrus

Author:
Vega, Byron; Dewdney, Megan M.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1371-1378
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Alternaria alternata; Citrus; agar; azoxystrobin; conidia; cultivars; disease control; germination; greenhouse production; in vitro studies; leaf area; leaves; mycelium; pathotypes; phenotype; pyraclostrobin; saprophytes; tangerines; virulence
Abstract:
... The phenotypic stability, fitness components, and ability to cause disease of isolates of the Alternaria alternata tangerine pathotype resistant to quinone-outside inhibitors (QoIs) were studied. Stability of resistance to azoxystrobin (AZ) and pyraclostrobin (PYR) was determined after consecutive transfers on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The sensitivity to QoIs did not change significantly after 1 ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0078-RE

99. Rainfastness of Prothioconazole + Tebuconazole for Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol Management in Soft Red Winter Wheat

Author:
Andersen, K. F.; Morris, L.; Derksen, R. C.; Madden, L. V.; Paul, P. A.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1398-1406
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Fusarium graminearum; Fusarium head blight; deoxynivalenol; field experimentation; flowering; fungi; greenhouse experimentation; half life; nonionic surfactants; pathogens; pesticide application; rain; rainfall simulation; soft red winter wheat; spores; tebuconazole; Ohio
Abstract:
... Fungicides are most warranted for control of Fusarium head blight (FHB), a disease of wheat caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum, when wet, rainy conditions occur during anthesis. However, it is unclear whether rainfall directly following application affects fungicide efficacy against FHB and its associated toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON). The objective of this study was to determine the ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0092-RE

100. Reproduction of Didymella bryoniae on Nine Species of Cucurbits Under Field Conditions

Author:
Keinath, Anthony P.
Source:
Plant disease 2014 v.98 no.10 pp. 1379-1386
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis melo; Cucumis sativus; Cucurbita maxima; Didymella bryoniae; Lagenaria siceraria; autumn; blight; cucumbers; cultivars; environmental factors; hosts; pathogens; petioles; pumpkins; pycnidia; reproduction; spring; squashes; vines; watermelons; South Carolina
Abstract:
... Eighteen cucurbit cultivars representing 5 genera, 9 species, and 11 taxa susceptible to gummy stem blight were inoculated with Didymella bryoniae in field plots in Charleston, SC, in autumn 2008, autumn 2009, and spring 2011 to determine the suitability of the hosts and various plant parts for formation of sexual and asexual fruiting bodies of the pathogen. In 1, 2, or 3 years, D. bryoniae reprod ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-02-14-0139-RE