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You searched for: Journal name Plant physiology Remove constraint Journal name: Plant physiology Publication year rev 8003-1997 Remove constraint Publication year rev: 8003-1997 Text availability Citation in PubAg Remove constraint Text availability: Citation in PubAg
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1. 8'-Methylene abscisic acid: an effective and persistent analog of abscisic acid

Author:
Abrams, S.R.; Rose, P.A.; Cutler, A.J.; Balsevich, J.J.; Lei, B.; Walker-Simmons, M.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 89-97
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; Zea mays; chemical reactions; seedlings; cotyledons; biochemical pathways; carbon; transpiration; Triticum aestivum; growth retardation; gene expression; binding sites; abscisic acid; Lepidium sativum; synthesis; cell suspension culture
Abstract:
... We report here the synthesis and biological activity of a new persistent abscisic acid (ABA) analog, 8'-methylene ABA. This ABA analog has one additional carbon atom attached through a double bond to the 8'-carbon of the ABA molecule. (+)-8'-Methylene ABA is more active than the natural hormone (+)-ABA in inhibiting germination of cress seed and excised wheat embryos, in reducing growth of suspens ...

2. ATP hydrolysis activity and polymerization state of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase activase. Do the effects of Mg2+, K+, and activase concentrations indicate a functional similarity to actin?

Author:
Lilley, R.M.; Portis, A.R. Jr.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 605-613
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; dose response; polymerization; Spinacia oleracea; adenosine triphosphate; magnesium; biochemical pathways; anions; potassium; hydrolysis; actin; enzyme activity; adenosinetriphosphatase
Abstract:
... The ATPase activity and fluorescence of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) activase were determined over a range of MgCl2, KCl, and activase concentrations. Both salts promoted ADP release from ATP and intrinsic fluorescence enhancement by adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio] triphosphate, but Mg2+ was about 10 times more effective than K+. ATPase and fluorescence enhancement both incr ...

3. Abolition of posttranscriptional regulation of nitrate reductase partially prevents the decrease in leaf NO3(-) reduction when photosynthesis is inhibited by CO2 deprivation, but not in darkness

Author:
Lejay, L.; Quillere, I.; Roux, Y.R.; Tillard, P.; Cliquet, J.B.; Meyer, C.; Morot-Gaudry, J.F.; Gojon, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 623-631
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia; leaves; nitrate reduction; nitrate reductase; enzyme activity; light; photosynthesis; roots; free amino acids; transgenic plants; complementary DNA; gene expression; genetic variation; transcription (genetics); chemical constituents of plants; genotype
Abstract:
... The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) in leaves is regulated by light and photosynthesis at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. To understand the physiological role of these controls, we have investigated the effects of light and CO2 on in vivo NO3- reduction in transgenic plants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia lacking either transcriptional regulation alone or transcriptional and post-t ...

4. Abscisic acid activates a 48-kilodalton protein kinase in guard cell protoplasts

Author:
Mori, I.C.; Muto, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 833-839
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Vicia faba; guard cells; protoplasts; protein composition; enzyme activity; abscisic acid; enzyme inhibitors; kinetics; binding proteins; phosphorylation; stomatal movement; myelin sheath
Abstract:
... A 49- and a 46-kD Ca2+-independent protein kinase and a 53-kD Ca2+-dependent protein kinase were detected in Vicia faba guard cell protoplasts (GCPs) by an in-gel protein kinase assay using myelin basic protein as a substrate. A 48-kD protein kinase designated as abscisicacid (ABA)-responsive protein kinase (ABR kinase) appeared when GCPs were treated with ABA. The activation of ABR kinase was sup ...

5. Accelerated early growth of rice at elevated CO2. Is it related to developmental changes in the shoot apex?

Author:
Jitla, D.S.; Rogers, G.S.; Seneweera, S.P.; Basra, A.S.; Oldfield, R.J.; Conroy, J.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 15-22
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant development; buds; diameter; dose response; carbon dioxide; Oryza sativa; developmental stages; internodes; crop yield; length; tillers; leaves
Abstract:
... The influence of elevated CO2 on the development of the shoot apex and on subsequent vegetative growth and grain yield investigated using rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Jarrah) grown in flooded soil at either 350 or 700 microliter CO2 L-1. At 8 d after planting (DAP), elevated CO2 increased the height and diameter of the apical dome and lengths of leaf primordia and tiller buds but had no effect on thei ...

6. Accumulation of zeaxanthin in abscisic acid-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis does not affect chlorophyll fluorescence quenching or sensitivity to photoinhibition in vivo

Author:
Hurry, V.; Anderson, J.M.; Chow, W.S.; Osmond, C.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 639-648
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; fluorescence; light harvesting complex; genetic variation; neoxanthin; photoinhibition; zeaxanthin; photosystem II; mutants; photosystem I; abscisic acid; measurement; chlorophyll; violaxanthin; leaves
Abstract:
... Abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis do not synthesize the epoxy-xanthophylls antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, or neoxanthin. However, thylakoid membranes from these mutants contain 3-fold more zeaxanthin than wild-type plants. This increase in zeaxanthin occurs as a stoichiometric replacement of the missing violaxanthin and neoxanthin within the pigment-protein complexes of both phot ...

7. Acetaldehyde is a causal agent responsible for ethanol-induced ripening inhibition in tomato fruit

Author:
Beaulieu, J.C.; Peiser, G.; Saltveit, M.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 431-439
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
temperature; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; ripening; ethanol; dose response; acetaldehyde; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; alcohol dehydrogenase; aldehyde dehydrogenase; enzyme inhibitors
Abstract:
... Inhibition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit ripening by exogenously applied ethanol was shown to be caused by elevated endogenous levels of acetaldehyde (AA). Exposure of excised pericarp discs of mature-green tomato fruit to ethanol or AA vapors produced elevated levels of both compounds in the tissue, but only the levels of AA were associated with ripening inhibition. Ripening inh ...

8. Actin filaments modulate both stomatal opening and inward K+ -channel activities in guard cells of Vicia faba L

Author:
Hwang, J.U.; Suh, S.; Yi, H.; Kim, J.; Lee, Y.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 335-342
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Vicia faba; stomatal movement; guard cells; protoplasts; volume; potassium; ion transport; actin; polymerization; metabolic inhibitors; electric current; membrane potential; measurement; cytochalasin D
Abstract:
... Actin antagonists have previously been shown to alter responses of Commelina communis stomata to physiological stimuli, implicating actin filaments in the control of guard cell volume changes (M. Kim, P.K. Hepler, S.-O. Eun, K.S. Ha, Y. Lee [1995] Plant Physiol 109:1077-1084). Since K+ channels in the guard cell play an important role in stomatal movements, we examined the possible regulation of K ...

9. Activation of host defense mechanisms by elevated production of H2O2 in transgenic plants

Author:
Wu, G.; Shortt, B.J.; Lawrence, E.B.; Leon, J.; Fitzsimmons, K.C.; Levine, E.B.; Raskin, I.; Shah, D.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 427-435
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Solanum tuberosum; Verticillium dahliae; plant pathogenic fungi; leaves; pathogenicity; disease resistance; hydrogen peroxide; biosynthesis; salicylic acid; quantitative analysis; gene expression; transgenic plants; messenger RNA; genetic code; glucose oxidase; peroxidases; chitinase; isozymes; enzyme activity; stems; roots; lignin; genetic variation; chemical constituents of plants; genotype
Abstract:
... Active oxygen specieshave been postulated to perform multiple functions in plant defense, but their exact role in plant resistance to diseases is not fully understood. We have recently demonstrated H2O2-mediated disease resistance in transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants expressing a foreign gene encoding glucose oxidase. In this study we provide further evidence that the H2O2-mediated dise ...

10. Activation of plant plasma membrane Ca2+-permeable channels by race-specific fungal elicitors

Author:
Gelli, A.; Higgins, V.J.; Blumwald, E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 269-279
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; calcium; defense mechanisms; ion transport; plant pathogenic fungi; disease resistance; plasma membrane; phosphorylation; enzyme activity; cell suspension culture; leaves; Passalora fulva
Abstract:
... The response of plant cells to invading pathogens is regulated by fluctuations in cytosolic Ca2+ levels that are mediated by Ca2+-permeable channels located at the plasma membrane of the host cell. The mechanisms by which fungal elicitors can induce Ca2+ uptake by the host cell were examined by the application of conventional patch-clamp techniques. Whole-cell and single-channel experiments on tom ...

11. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate is required for the assembly of 11A seed proglobulins in vitro

Author:
Nam, Y.W.; Jung, R.; Nielsen, N.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1629-1639
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; Vicia faba; seeds; globulins; protein synthesis; adenosine triphosphate; binding sites
Abstract:
... Seed protein proglobulins were synthesized from cDNAs in reticulocyte lysates. Most proglobulins were recovered as trimers when translation rates were low, but mostly monomers were recovered at high translation rates. The prevalence of monomers was accompanied by elevated amounts of insoluble protein recovered at the bottom of sucrose density gradients. Apyrase treatment of translation mixtures af ...

12. Al inhibits both shoot development and root growth in als3, an Al-sensitive Arabidopsis mutant

Author:
Larsen, P.B.; Kochian, L.V.; Howell, S.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1207-1214
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; plant development; biosynthesis; phenotype; callose; phytotoxicity; stress response; aluminum; mutants; genotype; genetic variation; ultrastructure; plant morphology; roots; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... In als3, an Al-sensitive Arabidopsis mutant, shoot development and root growth are sensitive to Al. Mutant als3 seedlings grown in an Al-containing medium exhibit severely inhibited leaf expansion and root growth. In the presence of Al, unexpanded leaves accumulate callose, an indicator of Al damage in roots. The possibility that the inhibition of shoot development in als3 is due to the hyperaccum ...

13. Al partitioning patterns and root growth as related to Al sensitivity and Al tolerance in wheat

Author:
Samuels, T.D.; Kucukakyuz, K.; Rincon-Zachary, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 527-534
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; quantitative analysis; dose response; phytotoxicity; cultivars; translocation (plant physiology); biological resistance
Abstract:
... Studies of Al partitioning and accumulation and of the effect of Al on the growth of intact wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots of cultivars that show differential Al sensitivity were conducted. The effects of various Al concentrations on root growth and Al accumulation inthe tissue were followed for 24 h. At low external Al concentrations, Al accumulation in the root tips was low and root growth w ...

14. Al-induced, 51-kilodalton, membrane-bound proteins are associated with resistance to Al in a segregating population of wheat

Author:
Taylor, G.J.; Basu, A.; Basu, U.; Slaski, J.J.; Zhang, G.; Good, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 363-372
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cultivars; sulfur; protein synthesis; dose response; quantitative analysis; callose; phytotoxicity; radiolabeling; stress response; cytosol; microsomes; Triticum aestivum; aluminum; mitochondria; tonoplast; genetic variation; plasma membrane; genotype; protein composition
Abstract:
... Incorporation of 35S into protein is reduced by exposure to Al in wheat (Triticum aestivum), but the effects are genotype-specific. Exposure to 10 to 75 micromolars Al had little effect on 35S incorporation into total protein, nuclear and mitochondrial protein, microsomal protein, and cytosolic protein in the Al-resistant cultivar PT741. In contrast, 10 micromolars Al reduced incorporation by 21 t ...

15. Allocation of S in generative growth of soybean

Author:
Sunarpi; Anderson, J.W.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 687-693
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; leaves; pods; seeds; sulfur; sulfates; nutrient transport; nitrogen; glutathione; cysteine; methionine; seed development; developmental stages; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merr) were grown with 100 micromolar S and 15 mM N and studied with respect to S allocation during grain development. The grains accounted for 87% of the S taken up after d 42, the balance coming from internal redistribution of S from leaves and pods. Detailed studies of the leaves, pods, and grains associated with leaf axils 6 and 7 showed that sulfate accumulated i ...

16. Amino acid utilization in seeds of loblolly pine during germination and early seedling growth. I. Arginine and arginase activity

Author:
King, J.E.; Gifford, D.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1125-1135
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Pinus taeda; seed germination; seedling growth; seeds; arginine; metabolism; arginase; enzyme activity; protein degradation; metabolites; free amino acids; developmental stages; quantitative analysis
Abstract:
... The mobilization and utilization of the major storage proteins in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds following imbibition were investigated. Most of the seed protein reserves were contained within the megagametophyte. Breakdown of these proteins occurred primarily following radicle emergence and correlated with a substantial increase in the free amino acid pool in the seedling; the majority of t ...

17. Antagonistic but complementary actions of phytochromes A and B allow optimum seedling de-etiolation

Author:
Smith, H.; Xu, Y.; Quail, P.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 637-641
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; seedlings; hypocotyls; phytochrome; dose response; red light; far-red light; genetic variation; genotype; etiolation
Abstract:
... Using dichromatic radiation, we show that the actions of phytochromes A and B (phyA and phyB) in Arabidopsis thaliana are antagonistic in mediating red and far-red radiation effects on seedling de-etiolation and yet act in a complementary manner to regulate de-etiolation, irrespective of spectral composition. At low phytochrome photoequilibria inhibition of hypocotyl extension was strong, because ...

18. Antenna size dependency of photoinactivation of photosystem II in light-acclimated pea leaves

Author:
Park, Y.I.; Chow, W.S.; Anderson, J.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 151-157
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Pisum sativum; leaves; photosystem II; photoinhibition; light intensity; acclimation; oxygen; gas exchange; chlorophyll; fluorescence; anaerobic conditions; light harvesting complex
Abstract:
... Utilization of absorbed light energy by photosystem (PS) II for O2 evolution depends on the light-harvesting antenna size, but the role of antenna size in the photoinactivation of PSII seems controversial. To address this controversy, pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants were grown in low (50 micromole m-2 s-1) or high (650 micromole m-2 s-1) light. The doubled functional antenna size of PSII in low ligh ...

19. Antisense repression of both ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and triose phosphate translocator modifies carbohydrate partitioning in potato leaves

Author:
Hattenbach, A.; Muller-Rober, B.; Nast, G.; Heineke, D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 471-475
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
phosphorylase; antisense DNA; Solanum tuberosum; promoter regions; metabolites; glucose; starch; gene expression; genotype; photosynthesis; leaves; nutrient transport; trioses; sucrose; net assimilation rate; enzyme activity; biosynthesis; transgenic plants; adenosine diphosphate; genetic variation; biochemical pathways; chemical constituents of plants; chlorophyll
Abstract:
... Previous experiments have shown that carbohydrate partitioning in leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants can be modified by antisense repression of the triose phosphate translocator (TPT), favoring starch accumulation during the light period, or by leaf-specific antisense repression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), reducing leaf starch content. These experiments showed that starc ...

20. Apoplasmic and protoplasmic water transport through the parenchyma of the potato storage organ

Author:
Michael, W.; Schultz, A.; Meshcheryakov, A.B.; Ehwald, R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1089-1099
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protoplasts; intercellular spaces; quantitative analysis; osmotic pressure; Solanum tuberosum; tubers; walls; hydraulic conductivity
Abstract:
... Stationary volume fluxes through living and denatured parenchyma slices of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) storage organ were studied to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the cell wall and to evaluate the significance of water transport through protoplasts, cell walls, and intercellular spaces. Slices were placed between liquid compartments, steady-state fluxes induced by pressure or concen ...

21. Auxin-induced epinasty of tobacco leaf tissues. A nonethylene-mediated response

Author:
Keller, C.P.; Van Volkenburgh, E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 603-610
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; leaves; cell growth; epinasty; dose response; acetic acid; ethylene; biosynthesis; naphthaleneacetic acid; aminooxyacetic acid; indole acetic acid
Abstract:
... Interveinal strips (10 x 1.5 mm) excised from growing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi) leaves curled >300 degrees when incubated for 20 h in 5 to 500 micromolar alpha-naphthalene acetic acid or 50 to 500 micromolar indole-3-acetic acid. Epinasty was not induced without auxin or by the auxin analog beta-naphthalene acetic acid, and less substantial epinasty was induced in midrib and vein se ...

22. Biochemical characterization and subcellular localization of the red kidney bean purple acid phosphatase

Author:
Cashikar, A.G.; Kumaresan, R.; Rao, M.N.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 907-915
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; acid phosphatase; quantitative analysis; pectins; radiolabeling; cotyledons; Phaseolus vulgaris; enzyme inhibitors; adenosine triphosphate; phosphates; cell wall components; kinetics; enzyme activity; histochemistry; protein composition
Abstract:
... Phosphatases are known to play a crucial role in phosphate turnover in plants. However, the exact role of acid phosphatases in plants has been elusive because of insufficient knowledge oftheir in vivo substrate and subcellular localization. We investigated the biochemical properties of a purple acid phosphatase isolated from red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (KBPAP) with respect to its substrat ...

23. Bioprotective alkaloids of grass-fungal endophyte symbioses

Author:
Bush, L.P.; Wilkinson, H.H.; Schardl, C.L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 1-7
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
life cycle (organisms); Poaceae; fungi; endophytes; symbiosis; alkaloids; biosynthesis; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; chemical structure; evolution; chemical constituents of plants

24. Biosynthesis of GA73 methyl ester in Lygodium ferns

Author:
Yamauchi, T.; Oyama, N.; Yamane, H.; Murofushi, N.; Schraudolf, H.; Pour, M.; Seto, H.; Mander, L.N.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 773-778
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Lygodium; gibberellic acid; esters; biosynthesis; metabolites; chemical structure; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Biosynthesis of GA73 methyl ester (GA73-Me), the principal antheridiogen in Lygodium ferns, was investigated. From the methanol extract of prothallia of Lygodium circinnatum, GA25, GA73, GA73-Me, GA88-Me, and a few unknown GA73 derivatives were detected by CC-MS. Because the presence of GA25 suggests that GA24, a direct precursor of GA25, could also be present in L. circinnatum prothallia, we used ...

25. Blazing new trails. Pollen tube guidance in flowering plants

Author:
Wilhelmi, L.K.; Preuss, D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 307-312
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
flowering; pollen tubes; fertilization (reproduction); stigma; pollination

26. Blockage of brassinosteroid biosynthesis and sensitivity causes dwarfism in garden pea

Author:
Nomura, T.; Nakayama, M.; Reid, J.B.; Takeuchi, Y.; Yokota, T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 31-37
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Pisum sativum; seedlings; shoots; brassinosteroids; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; internodes; dose response; length; dwarfing; mutants; genetic variation; chemical constituents of plants; genotype; width
Abstract:
... Endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) in the dwarf mutants Ika and Ikb of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) and comparable wild-type plants were quantified by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring using deuterated internal standards. In young shoots of the Ikb mutant, the levels of brassinolide, castasterone, and 6-deoxocastasterone were 23-, 22-, and 9-fold lower, respectively, than those of wild-ty ...

27. Blue-light-induced shrinking of protoplasts from maize coleoptiles and its relationship to coleoptile growth

Author:
Wang, X.; Iino, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 1009-1020
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protoplasts; coleoptiles; Zea mays; dose response; volume; blue light; red light; photoreceptors
Abstract:
... Protoplasts isolated from red-light-grown maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles shrank transiently upon brief exposure (e.g. 30 s) to blue light under background irradiation with red light. The maximal volume reduction (about 4% at a saturating fluence) occurred about 5 min after blue-light stimulation. The response was prevented by the anion-channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid. ...

28. Brefeldin A effects in plants. Are different Golgi responses caused by different sites of action?

Author:
Staehelin, L.A.; Driouich, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 401-403
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant physiology; mycotoxins; Golgi apparatus; binding sites

29. C4 gene expression in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic leaf regions of Amaranthus tricolor

Author:
McCormac, D.; Boinski, J.J.; Ramsperger, V.C.; Berry, J.O.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 801-815
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; polypeptides; messenger RNA; flowering; protein synthesis; quantitative analysis; net assimilation rate; gene expression; plastids; plant morphology; color; Amaranthus tricolor; chemical constituents of plants; photosynthesis; enzyme activity; chlorophyll; leaves
Abstract:
... Throughout most of its growth and development, Amaranthus tricolor produces fully green leaves. However, near the onset of flowering, unique leaves emerge that consist of three distinct color regions: green apices, yellow middle regions, and red basal regions. The green apices are identical to fully green leaves in terms of pigment composition, photosynthetic function, and C4 gene expression. The ...

30. CO2 and water vapor exchange across leaf cuticle (epidermis) at various water potentials

Author:
Boyer, J.S.; Wong, S.C.; Farquhar, G.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 185-191
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Vitis vinifera; leaves; plant cuticle; carbon dioxide; gas exchange; leaf conductance; measurement; turgor; mathematical models; equations; water potential; water vapor
Abstract:
... Cuticular properties affect the gas exchange of leaves, but little is known about how much CO2 and water vapor cross the cuticular barrier or whether low water potentials affect the process. Therefore, we measured the cuticular conductances for CO2 and water vapor in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves having various water potentials. The lower leaf surface was sealed to force all gas exchange throug ...

31. Ca2+ and calmodulin dynamics during photopolarization in Fucus serratus zygotes

Author:
Love, J.; Brownlee, C.; Trewavas, A.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 249-261
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
developmental stages; trifluoperazine; Fucus serratus; cytochalasin B; dose response; Ascophyllum; clones; gene expression; zygote; messenger RNA; lanthanum; calcium; polymerization; culture media; calmodulin; plant anatomy; chlorides; verapamil; fertilization (reproduction); light; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid
Abstract:
... The role of Ca2+ in zygote polarization in fucoid algae (Fucus, Ascophyllum, and Pelvetia species) zygote polarization is controversial. Using a local source of Fucus serratus, we established that zygotes form a polar axis relative to unilateral light (photopolarization) between 8 and 14 h after fertilization (AF), and become committed to this polarity at approximately 15 to 18 h AF. We investigat ...

32. Calmodulin-stimulated CA1+-ATPases in the vacuolar and plasma membranes in cauliflower

Author:
Askerlund, P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 999-1007
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Brassica oleracea; inflorescences; vacuoles; protein composition; calcium; adenosinetriphosphatase; enzyme activity; calmodulin; immunoblotting; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... The subcellular locations of Ca2+-ATPases in the membranes of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) inflorescences were investigated. After continuous sucrose gradient centrifugation a 111-kD calmodulin (CaM)-stimulated and CaM-binding Ca2+-ATPase (BCA1; P. Askerlund [1996] Plant Physiol 110: 913-922; S. Malmstrom,P. Askerlund, M.G. Palmgren [1997] FEBS lett 400: 324-328) comigrated with vacuolar mem ...

33. Carbohydrate content and enzyme metabolism in developing canola siliques

Author:
King, S.P.; Lunn, J.E.; Furbank, R.T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 153-160
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
source-sink relationships; carbohydrate metabolism; cultivars; seeds; quantitative analysis; chemical constituents of plants; cell walls; sucrose; developmental stages; photosynthates; starch; beta-fructofuranosidase; Brassica napus; genetic variation; enzyme activity; sucrose synthase; pods
Abstract:
... Little biochemical information is available on carbohydrate metabolism in developing canola (Brassica napus L.) silique (pod) wall and seed tissues. This research examines the carbohydrate contents and sucrose (Suc) metabolic enzyme activities in different aged silique wall and seed tissues during oil filling. The silique wall partitioned photosynthate into Suc over starch and predominantly accumu ...

34. Carbon isotopic fractionation does not occur during dark respiration in C3 and C4 plants

Author:
Lin, G.; Ehleringer, J.R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 391-394
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; mesophyll; mitochondria; carbon; isotope fractionation; measurement; fructose; glucose; sucrose; mathematical models; equations
Abstract:
... The magnitude of possible carbon isotopic fractionation during dark respiration was investigated with isolated mesophyll cells from mature leaves of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a C3 plant, and corn (Zea mays L.), a C4 plant. Mesophyll protoplasts were extracted from greenhouse-grown leaves and incubated in culture solutions containing different carbohydrate substrates (fructose, glucose, ...

35. Carbon partitioning during sucrose accumulation in sugarcane internodal tissue

Author:
Whittaker, A.; Botha, F.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1651-1659
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
inorganic phosphorus; developmental stages; fructose 6-phosphate; phosphorylation; metabolites; glucose; pyruvate kinase; amino acids; fructose; plant development; nutrient transport; quantitative analysis; pyruvic acid; sucrose; adenosine triphosphate; enzyme activity; biosynthesis; Saccharum; fructose-bisphosphatase; internodes; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... The temporal relationship between sucrose (Suc) accumulation and carbon partitioning was investigated in developing sugarcane internodes. Radiolabeling studies on tissue slices, which contained Suc concentrations ranging from 14 to 42% of the dry mass, indicated that maturation coincided with a redirection of carbon from water-insoluble matter, respiration, amino acids, organic acids, and phosphor ...

36. Cell wall metabolism in ripening fruit. IX. Synthesis of pectic and hemicellulosic cell wall polymers in the outer pericarp of mature green tomatoes (cv XMT-22)

Author:
Huysamer, M.; Greve, L.C.; Labavitch, J.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1523-1531
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cell wall components; glucuronic acid; hemicellulose; biosynthesis; pericarp; pectins; radiolabeling; developmental stages; ripening; polymers; galacturonic acid; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum
Abstract:
... Discs of outer pericarp were excised from mature green tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit and kept in sterile tissue culture plates for 4 d, including 2 d of incubation with D-[U-13C]glucose. Cell wallswere prepared and the water-soluble, pectic, and hemicellulosic polymers were extracted. Cell wall synthetic capacity was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of inc ...

37. Cellulose and callose biosynthesis in higher plants. 1. Solubilization and separation of (1 leads to 3)- and (1 leads to 4)-beta-glucan synthase activities from mung bean

Author:
Kudlicka, K.; Brown, R.M. Jr.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 643-656
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
digitonin; hexosyltransferases; polypeptides; biosynthesis; dose response; callose; Vigna radiata; cellulose; cell membranes; solubility; electrophoresis; beta-glucans; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... (1 leads to 3) and (1 leads to 4)-beta-glucan synthase activities from higher plants have been physically separated by gel electrophoresis in nondenaturing conditions. The two glucan synthases show different mobilities in native polyacrylamide gels. Further separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a different polypeptide composition in these synthases. Three ...

38. Changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes and their relationship to genetic and paclobutrazol-induced chilling tolerance of maize seedlings

Author:
Pinhero, R.G.; Rao, M.V.; Paliyath, G.; Murr, D.P.; Fletcher, R.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 695-704
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
paclobutrazol; chemical reactions; seedlings; measurement; roots; glutathione; genotype; peroxidase; protein composition; leaves; Zea mays; superoxide dismutase; enzyme activity; isozymes; antioxidants; ascorbic acid; glutathione-disulfide reductase; cooling; biochemical pathways; genetic variation; cold tolerance
Abstract:
... The potential role of antioxidant enzymes in protecting maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings from chilling injury was examined by analyzing enzyme activities and isozyme profiles of chilling-susceptible (CO 316) and chilling-tolerant (CO 328) inbreds. Leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in CO 316 was nearly one-half that of CO 328, in which the high activity was maintained during the chilling and po ...

39. Changes in mitochondrial respiratory chain components of petunia cells during culture in the presence of antimycin A

Author:
Wagner, A.M.; Wagner, M.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 617-622
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
NAD (coenzyme); quantitative analysis; Petunia hybrida; stress response; oxygen consumption; electron transfer; antimycin A; biochemical pathways; ubiquinones; cytochrome-c oxidase; cultured cells; mitochondria; succinate dehydrogenase (quinone); kinetics; protein content; enzyme activity; cyanide-sensitive respiration; measurement
Abstract:
... When petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm, cv Rosy Morn) cells are cultured in the presence of 2 micromolar antimycin A (AA), respiration proceeds mainly via the cyanide-resistant pathway. Cyanide-resistant respiratory rates were higher in mitochondria from AA cells than in control mitochondria. Compared with control cells, an increase in alternative oxidase protein was observed in AA cells, as well as a ...

40. Characterization and expression and NAD(H)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase genes in Arabidopsis

Author:
Turano, F.J.; Thakkar, S.S.; Fang, T.; Weisemann, J.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1329-1341
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; complementary DNA; clones; genes; gene expression; mitochondria; chloroplasts; peroxisomes; genetic code; isozymes; enzyme activity; nitrogen compounds; light; sucrose; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; NAD (coenzyme); glutamate dehydrogenase
Abstract:
... Two distinct cDNA clones encoding NAD(H)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD[H]-GDH) in Arabidopsis thaliana were identified and sequenced. The genes corresponding to these cDNA clones were designated GDH1 and GDH2. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences suggest that both gene products contain putative mitochondrial transit polypeptides and NAD(H)- and alpha-ketoglutarate-binding domains. ...

41. Characterization and purification of an aldose reductase from the acidophilic and thermophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria

Author:
Gross, W.; Seipold, P.; Schnarrenberger, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 231-236
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
acidity; biosynthesis; pentose phosphate cycle; NADP (coenzyme); oxidoreductases; carbon; oxidation; chemical constituents of plants; temperature; enzyme activity; aldoses; Rhodophyta; light
Abstract:
... The acidophilic and thermophilic red alga Galdieria sulphuraria is able to grow heterotrophically on at least six different pentoses. These pentoses are reduced in the cell to pentiols by an NADP-dependent aldose reductase. The pentiols are then introduced into the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway via NAD-dependent polyol dehydrogenases and pentulokinases. The aldose reductase was purified 130- ...

42. Characterization of a diffusible signal capable of inducing defense gene expression in tobacco

Author:
Chappell, J.; Levine, A.; Tenhaken, R.; Lusso, M.; Lamb, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 621-629
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; cell suspension culture; Phytophthora cryptogea; plant pathogenic fungi; pathogenicity; disease resistance; genes; phytoalexins; biosynthesis; lyases; enzyme activity; measurement; gene expression; Glycine max; hydrogen peroxide; pathogenesis-related proteins; sesquiterpenoids
Abstract:
... Treatment of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell-suspension cultures with cryptogein, an elicitin protein from Phytophthora cryptogea, resulted in the release of a factor(s) that diffused through a 1000-D cutoff dialysis membrane and was capable of inducing sesquiterpene cyclase enzyme activity (a key phytoalexin biosynthetic enzyme in solanaceous plants) when added to fresh cell-suspension cultures. ...

43. Characterization of a light-controlled anion channel in the plasma membrane of mesophyll cells of pea

Author:
Elzenga, J.T.M.; Volkenburgh, E. van.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1419-1426
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
calcium; ion transport; light intensity; anions; electrophysiology; plasma membrane; Pisum sativum; mesophyll
Abstract:
... In leaf mesophyll cells of pea (Pisum sativum) light induces a transient depolarization that is at least partly due to an increased plasma membrane conductance for anions. Several channel types were identified in the plasma membrane of protoplasts from mesophyll cells using the patch-clamp technique. One of these was an anion channel with a single-channel conductance of 32 picasiemens in symmetric ...

44. Characterization of antisense transformed plants deficient in the tobacco anionic peroxidase

Author:
Lagrimini, L.M.; Gingas, V.; Finger, F.; Rothstein, S.; Liu, T.T.Y.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1187-1196
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cell growth; chemical constituents of plants; Nicotiana sylvestris; developmental stages; lignification; genes; roots; antisense RNA; phenotype; stems; cell walls; Nicotiana tabacum; genotype; peroxidase; leaves; defense mechanisms; genetic code; morphogenesis; transcription (genetics); xylem; lignin; enzyme activity; isozymes; transgenic plants; stress response; genetic variation; plant morphology
Abstract:
... On the basis of the biological compoundsthat they metabolize, plant peroxidases have long been implicated in plant growth, cell wall biogenesis, lignification, and host defenses. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants that underexpress anionic peroxidase were generated using antisense RNA. The antisense RNA was found to be specific for the anionic isoenzyme and highly effective, reducing ...

45. Characterization of blue light signal transduction chains that control development and maintenance of sexual competence in Chlamydonomas reinhardtii

Author:
Pan, J.M.; Haring, M.A.; Beck, C.F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1241-1249
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; sexual reproduction; blue light; germ cells; cell growth; cell differentiation; protein synthesis; genes; gene expression; phosphoric monoester hydrolases; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... Blue light induces the differentiation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii pregametes to gametes. The light-induced conversion of pregametes to gametes is protein synthesis dependent and proceeds only after a lag phase. Upon incubation in the dark, gametes lost their mating ability, resulting in dark-inactivated gametes. Reillumination rapidly restored mating competence and this was shown to be independe ...

46. Characterization of nitrate reductase from light- and dark-exposed leaves. Comparison of different species and effects of 14-3-3 inhibitor proteins

Author:
Lillo, C.; Kazazaic, S.; Ruoff, P.; Meyer, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1377-1383
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Cucurbita maxima; Spinacia oleracea; Nicotiana plumbaginifolia; leaves; protein composition; nitrate reductase; enzyme activity; chemical reactions; light; binding proteins; phosphoric monoester hydrolases; enzyme inhibitors; magnesium; transgenic plants; genetic code; gene expression; translocation (plant physiology)
Abstract:
... Nitrate reductase (NR) was extracted and partially purified from leaves of squash (Cucurbita maxima), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and three transgenic Nicotiana plumbaginifolia leaves in the presence of phosphatase inhibitors to preserve its phosphorylation state. Purified squash NR showed activation by substrates (hysteresis) when prepared from leaves in the light as well as in darkness. A 14-3- ...

47. Characterization of the glycerolipid composition and biosynthetic capacity of pea root plastids

Author:
Xue, L.; McCune, L.M.; Kleppinger-Sparace, K.F.; Brown, M.J.; Pomeroy, M.K.; Sparace, S.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 549-557
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Pisum sativum; roots; plastids; biosynthesis; galactose; acylglycerols; phosphatidylcholines; potassium chloride; magnesium chloride; propane; sorbitol; adenosine triphosphate; coenzyme A; cations; enzyme activity; fatty acids; pH; chemical constituents of plants; NAD (coenzyme); NADP (coenzyme)
Abstract:
... The glycerolipid composition of pea (Pisum sativum L.) root plastids and their capacity to synthesize glycerolipids from [UL-14C]glycerol-3-phosphate were determined. Pea root plastids primarily consist of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and diacylglycerol. Maximum rates of total glycerolipid biosynthesis were obtained in the presence ...

48. Characterization of the variation potential in sunflower

Author:
Stankovic, B.; Zawadzki, T.; Davies, E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1083-1088
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Helianthus annuus; xylem; membrane potential; turgor; proton pump; plasma membrane; ion exchange; stress response
Abstract:
... A major candidate for intercellular signaling in higher plants is the stimulus-induced systemic change in membrane potential known as variation potential (VP). We investigated the mechanism of occurrence and long-distance propagation of VP in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. Here we present evidence of the relationship among injury-induced changes in xylem tension, turgor pressure, and ele ...

49. Characterization of thylakoid-derived lipid-protein particles bearing the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

Author:
Smith, M.D.; Ghosh, S.; Dumbroff, E.B.; Thompson, J.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1073-1082
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; fatty acids; thylakoids; proteinases; adenosine triphosphate; Phaseolus vulgaris; esters; light; chemical constituents of plants; protein content; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... Lipid-protein particles bearing the 55-kD ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) (EC 4.1.1.39) large subunit (RLSU) and no detectable corresponding Rubisco small subunit (RSSU) were isolated from the stroma of intact chloroplasts by flotation centrifugation. Stromal RLSU-bearing particles appear to originate from thylakoids because they can also be generated in vitro by illumina ...

50. Characterization of water channels in wheat root membrane vesicles

Author:
Niemietz, C.M.; Tyerman, S.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 561-567
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; cell membranes; water uptake; measurement; osmotic pressure; membrane permeability; diffusion; mercury compounds; energy balance
Abstract:
... The functional significance of water channels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root membranes was assessed using light scattering to measure vesicle shrinking in response to osmotic gradients rapidly imposed in a stopped flow apparatus. Vesicles were obtained from both a plasma membrane fraction and a plasma membrane-depleted endomembrane fraction including tonoplast vesicles. Osmotic water permeab ...