U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Https

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Journal name Plant physiology Remove constraint Journal name: Plant physiology Subject Triticum aestivum Remove constraint Subject: Triticum aestivum Text availability Citation in PubAg Remove constraint Text availability: Citation in PubAg
Start Over

Search

81  Search Results

1 - 81 of 81
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. Evidence for Variation in the Optimal Translation Initiation Complex: Plant eIF4B, eIF4F, and eIF(iso)4F Differentially Promote Translation of mRNAs

Author:
Mayberry, Laura K.; Allen, M. Leah; Dennis, Michael D.; Browning, Karen S.
Source:
Plant physiology 2009 v.150 no.4 pp. 1844-1854
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Alfalfa mosaic virus; Arabidopsis thaliana; Avena sativa; Hordeum vulgare; Tobacco necrosis virus; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; alcohol dehydrogenase; barley; binding proteins; corn; globulins; heat shock proteins; light scattering; messenger RNA; oats; rabbits; ribosomal RNA; wheat; wheat germ
Abstract:
... Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4B is known to interact with multiple initiation factors, mRNA, rRNA, and poly(A) binding protein (PABP). To gain a better understanding of the function of eIF4B, the two isoforms from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were expressed and analyzed using biophysical and biochemical methods. Plant eIF4B was found by ultracentrifugation and light scattering analysis ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.109.138438
PubMed:
19493973

2. Plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase is involved in auxin-mediated cell elongation during wheat embryo development

Author:
Rober-Kleber, N.; Albrechtova, J.T.P.; Fleig, S.; Huck, N.; Michalke, W.; Wagner, E.; Speth, V.; Neuhaus, G.; Fischer-Iglesias, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 2003 v.131 no.3 pp. 1302-1312
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; Zea mays; grain crops; biosynthesis; cell growth; cell walls; embryo (plant); wheat; corn; Triticum aestivum; indole acetic acid; pH; wheat protein; embryogenesis; adenosinetriphosphatase

3. Allelopathy and grain crop production

Author:
Minorsky, P.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.130 no.4 pp. 1745-1746
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Oryza sativa; rice; Triticum aestivum; wheat; Zea mays; corn; grain crops; food crops; Sorghum bicolor; Hordeum vulgare; barley; seedlings; plant development; allelopathy; crop yield; allelochemicals

4. Fructan 1-exohydrolases. beta-(2,1)-trimmers during graminan biosynthesis in stems of wheat? Purifiction, characterization, mass mapping, and cloning of two fructan 1-exohydrolase isoforms

Author:
Ende, W. van den.; Clerens, S.; Vergauwen, R.; Riet, L. van.; Laere, A. van.; Yoshida, M.; Kawakami, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 2003 v.131 no.2 pp. 621-631
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
glycosidases; plant development; food crops; biosynthesis; stems; phylogeny; plant extracts; amino acid sequences; mass spectrometry; Triticum aestivum; levan; spectral analysis; chemical constituents of plants; winter wheat; enzyme activity; isozymes; plant proteins
Abstract:
... Graminan-type fructans are temporarily stored in wheat (Triticum aestivum) stems. Two phases can be distinguished: a phase of fructan biosynthesis (green stems) followed by a breakdown phase (stems turning yellow). So far, no plant fructan exohydrolase enzymes have been cloned from a monocotyledonous species. Here, we report on the cloning, purification, and characterization of two fructan 1-exohy ...

5. The voltage-independent cation channel in the plasma membrane of wheat roots is permeable to divalent cations and may be involved in cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis

Author:
White, P.J.; Davenport, R.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.130 no.3 pp. 1387-1395
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
food crops; electrical conductivity; calcium channels; seedlings; calcium; models; wheat; cytosol; cations; signal transduction; Triticum aestivum; homeostasis; potassium; plasma membrane; sodium; roots; permeability
Abstract:
... A voltage-independent cation (VIC) channel has been identified in the plasma membrane of wheat (Triticum aestivum) root cells (P.J. White [1999] Trends Plant Sci 4: 245-246). Several physiological functions have been proposed for this channel, including roles in cation nutrition, osmotic adjustment, and charge compensation. Here, we observe that Ca2+ permeates this VIC channel when assayed in arti ...

6. Comparison of starch-branching enzyme genes reveals evolutionary relationships among isoforms. Characterization of a gene for starch-branching enzyme IIa from the wheat D genome donor aegilops tauschii. [Erratum: May 2001, v. 126 (1), p. 463.]

Author:
Rahman, S.; Regina, A.; Li, Z.; Mukai, Y.; Yamamoto, M.; Kosar-Hashemi, B.; Abrahams, S.; Morell, M.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 2001 v.125 no.3 pp. 1314-1324
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Aegilops; endosperm; amylopectin; branching; enzymes; genes; complementary DNA; amino acid sequences; chromosome mapping; evolution; genomics
Abstract:
... Genes and cDNAs for starch-branching enzyme II (SBEII) have been isolated from libraries constructed from Aegilops tauschii and wheat (Triticum aestivum) endosperm, respectively. One class of genes has been termed wSBEII-DA1 and encodes the N terminus reported for an SBEII from wheat endosperm. On the basis of phylogenetic comparisons with other branching enzyme sequences, wSBEII-DA1 is considered ...

7. Aluminum-induced 1 leads to 3-beta-D-glucan inhibits cell-to-cell trafficking of molecules through plasmodesmata. A new mechanism of aluminum toxicity in plants

Author:
Sivaguru, M.; Fujiwara, T.; Samaj, J.; Baluska, F.; Yang, Z.; Osawa, H.; Maeda, T.; Mori, T.; Volkmann, D.; Matsumoto, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 2000 v.124 no.3 pp. 991-1005
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; phytotoxicity; plasmodesmata; glucans; callose; immunohistochemistry; developmental stages; translocation (plant physiology); symplast; stress response
Abstract:
... Symplastic intercellular transport in plants is achieved by plasmodesmata (PD). These cytoplasmic channels are well known to interconnect plant cells to facilitate intercellular movement of water, nutrients, and signaling molecules including hormones. However, it is not known whether Al may affect this cell-to-cell transport process, which is a critical feature for roots as organs of nutrient/wate ...

8. Water content, raffinose, and dehydrins in the induction of desiccation tolerance in immature wheat embryos

Author:
Black, M.; Corbineau, F.; Gee, H.; Come, D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.120 no.2 pp. 463-471
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
carbohydrate metabolism; coleoptiles; immunohistochemistry; raffinose; age; water stress; Triticum aestivum; water content; induced resistance; plant proteins
Abstract:
... Desiccation tolerance is initiated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) embryos in planta at 22 to 24 d after anthesis, at the time that the embryo water content has decreased from about 73% fresh weight (2.7 g water/g dry weight) to about 65% fresh weight (1.8 g water/g dry weight). To determine if desiccation tolerance is fully induced by the loss of a relatively small amount of water, detached wheat ...

9. Antioxidative defense system, pigment composition, and photosynthetic efficiency in two wheat cultivars subjected to drought

Author:
Loggini, B.; Scartazza, A.; Brugnoli, E.; Navari-Izzo, F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.119 no.3 pp. 1091-1099
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
rehydration; lipid peroxidation; drought; neoxanthin; glutathione; zeaxanthin; Triticum aestivum; oxidation; cultivars; antheraxanthin; lutein; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; enzyme activity; fructose-bisphosphatase; biochemical pathways; glutathione peroxidase; photosystem II; chemical constituents of plants; chlorophyll; chloroplasts
Abstract:
... We analyzed antioxidative defenses, photosynthesis, and pigments (especially xanthophyll-cycle components) in two wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars, Adamello and Ofanto, during dehydration and rehydration to determine the difference in their sensitivities to drought and to elucidate the role of different protective mechanisms against oxidative stress. Drought caused a more pronounced inhibiti ...

10. Characterization of cadmium binding, uptake, and translocation in intact seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars

Author:
Hart, J.J.; Welch, R.M.; Norvell, W.A.; Sullivanm, L.A.; Kochian, L.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.4 pp. 1413-1420
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum; Triticum aestivum; seedlings; roots; cadmium; ion transport; cell walls; xylem; shoots; seeds; radiolabeling; kinetics; plasma membrane; translocation (plant physiology); binding sites
Abstract:
... High Cd content in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) grain grown in the United States and Canada presents potential health and economic problems for consumers and growers. In an effort to understand the biological processes that result in excess Cd accumulation, root Cd uptake and xylem translocation to shoots in seedlings of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat cultivars ...

11. Cytokinins in tobacco and wheat chloroplasts. Occurrence and change due to light/dark treatment

Author:
Benkova, E.; Witters, E.; Dongen, W. van.; Kolar, J.; Motyka, V.; Brzobohaty, B.; Onckelen, H.A. van.; Machackova, I.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.121 no.1 pp. 245-251
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; Triticum aestivum; chloroplasts; light; photoperiod; chemical composition; quantitative analysis; leaves; metabolism; enzyme activity; cytokinins; oxidoreductases
Abstract:
... Although cytokinins (CKs) affect a number of processes connected with chloroplasts, it has never been rigorously proven that chloroplasts contain CKs. We isolated intact chloroplasts from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cvSR1) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Ritmo) leaves and determined their CKs by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy. Chloroplasts from both species contained a whole s ...

12. Inhibition of water channels by HgCl2 in intact wheat root cells

Author:
Zhang, W.H.; Tyerman, S.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.120 no.3 pp. 849-857
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ion transport; water; Triticum aestivum; potassium; active transport; plasma membrane; roots; permeability; mercuric chloride
Abstract:
... To assess the extent of water flow through channels in the membranes of intact higher plant cells, the effects of HgCl(2) on hydraulic conductivity (L(p)) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root cells were investigated using a pressure probe. The L(p) of root cells was reduced by 75% in the presence of 100 micromolar HgCl(2). The K(+) -channel blocker tetraethylammonium had no effect on the L(p) at c ...

13. Osmotic water permeability of isolated protoplasts. Modifications during development

Author:
Ramahaleo, T.; Morillon, R.; Alexandre, J.; Lassalles, J.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.119 no.3 pp. 885-896
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Brassica napus; protoplasts; plant development; osmosis; roots; active transport; membrane permeability; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... A transference chamber was developed to measure the osmotic water permeability coefficient (P(os)) in protoplasts 40 to 120 micrometer in diameter. The protoplast was held by a micropipette and submitted to a steep osmotic gradient created in the transference chamber. P(os) was served from the changes in protoplast dimensions, as measured using a light microscope. Permeabilities were in the range ...

14. Patterns of starchy endosperm acidification and protease gene expression in wheat grains following germination

Author:
Dominguez, F.; Gejudo, F.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.119 no.1 pp. 81-87
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; seed germination; developmental stages; endosperm; aleurone layer; gibberellic acid; starch; hydrolysis; acidification; protein synthesis; proteinases; carboxypeptidases; enzyme activity; culture media; pH; thiols; genes; genetic code; gene expression; plant morphology; histology
Abstract:
... Cereal aleurone responses to gibberellic acid (GA3) include activation of synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes and acidification of the external medium. We have studied the effect of the pH of the incubation medium on the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) aleurone cells to GA3. De-embryonated half grains show the capacity for GA3-activated medium acidification when incubation is carried out at pH 6 ...

15. Pre-anthesis reserve utilization for protein and carbohydrate synthesis in grains of wheat

Author:
Gebbing, T.; Schnyder, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.121 no.3 pp. 871-878
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; protein metabolism; carbohydrate metabolism; seeds; nutrient reserves; carbon; isotope labeling; cultivars; nutrient availability; carbon nitrogen ratio; biomass; protein content; tillers; nutrient transport; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... We assessed the contribution of pre-anthesis reserve C to protein and carbohydrate deposition in grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a new approach comprised of steady-state (13)C/(12)C labeling and separation of the protein and carbohydrate fractions of mature grains. Experiments were performed with two spring wheat cultivars (Kadett and Star) grown with differential N fertilizer supply ...

16. Sucrose and cytokinin modulation of WPK4, a gene encoding a SNF1-related protein kinase from wheat

Author:
Ikeda, Y.; Koizumi, N.; Kusano, T.; Sano, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.121 no.3 pp. 813-820
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; sucrose; genes; light; nutrient availability; nutrient deficiencies; enzyme activity; Escherichia coli; phosphorylation; messenger RNA; culture media; yeasts; leaves; roots; benzyladenine; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; genetic complementation; inflorescences
Abstract:
... WPK4, a gene encoding a putative protein kinase, was initially identified in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and shown to be up-regulated by light, nutrient deprivation, and cytokinins. To confirm that WPK4 has protein kinase activity, the protein was produced in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase. The purified protein exhibited autophosphorylation activity and phosphory ...

17. The role of photosynthetic electron transport in the oxidative degradation of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase

Author:
Palatnik, J.F.; Carrillo, N.; Valle, E.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.121 no.2 pp. 471-478
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
free radicals; thylakoids; seedlings; hydrogen peroxide; chelating agents; glutamate-ammonia ligase; light intensity; superoxide dismutase; catalase; electron transfer; dithiothreitol; NADP (coenzyme); Triticum aestivum; leaves; oxidation; mannitol; photosynthesis; degradation; irradiation
Abstract:
... The stability of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) was investigated under photooxidative stress using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves, chloroplasts, and chloroplast lysates. Illuminated seedlings sprayed with the superoxide radical propagator methyl viologen showed rapid GS decline dependent on MV concentration and exposure time. Degradation products of approximately 39 and 3 ...

18. Uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose dehydrogenase from soybean nodules

Author:
Stewart, D.C.; Copeland, L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.1 pp. 349-355
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; Hordeum vulgare; symbiosis; glucose; developmental stages; root nodules; physicochemical properties; oxidoreductases; Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Triticum aestivum; Brassica napus; kinetics; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... A highly purified preparation of uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucose (Glc) dehydrogenase (DH; EC 1.1.1.22) has been characterized from soybean (Glycine max L.) nodules. The enzyme had native and subunit molecular masses of approximately 272 and 50 kD, respectively. UDP-Glc DH displayed typical hyperbolic substrate kinetics and had Km values for UDP-Glc and NAD+ of 0.05 and 0.12 mM, respectively. ...

19. 8'-Methylene abscisic acid: an effective and persistent analog of abscisic acid

Author:
Abrams, S.R.; Rose, P.A.; Cutler, A.J.; Balsevich, J.J.; Lei, B.; Walker-Simmons, M.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 89-97
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; Zea mays; chemical reactions; seedlings; cotyledons; biochemical pathways; carbon; transpiration; Triticum aestivum; growth retardation; gene expression; binding sites; abscisic acid; Lepidium sativum; synthesis; cell suspension culture
Abstract:
... We report here the synthesis and biological activity of a new persistent abscisic acid (ABA) analog, 8'-methylene ABA. This ABA analog has one additional carbon atom attached through a double bond to the 8'-carbon of the ABA molecule. (+)-8'-Methylene ABA is more active than the natural hormone (+)-ABA in inhibiting germination of cress seed and excised wheat embryos, in reducing growth of suspens ...

20. An electron paramagnetic resonance spin-probe study of membrane-permeability changes with seed aging

Author:
Golovina, E.A.; Tikhonov, A.N.; Hoekstra, F.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 383-389
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; wheat; membrane permeability; measurement; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; seed germination; viability; shelf life; postharvest physiology; germplasm; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... We developed an electron paramagnetic resonance spin-probe technique to study changes in the barrier properties of plasma membranes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds during aging under dry storage. The estimation of these barrier properties was based on the differential permeability of membranes for the stable free radical 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy and the broadening agent fer ...

21. Characterization of zinc uptake, binding, and translocation in intact seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars

Author:
Hart, J.J.; Norvell, W.A.; Welch, R.M.; Sullivan, L.A.; Kochian, L.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.1 pp. 219-226
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Triticum turgidum; seedlings; roots; zinc; ion transport; measurement; temperature; calcium; cell walls; shoots; metabolism; radiolabeling; cultivars; genetic variation; translocation (plant physiology); binding sites
Abstract:
... Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) cultivars exhibit lower Zn efficiency than comparable bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. To understand the physiological mechanism(s) that confers Zn efficiency, this study used 65Zn to investigate ionic Zn2+ root uptake, binding, and translocation to shoots in seedlings of bread and durum wheat cultivars. Time-dependent Zn2+ accumulation dur ...

22. Comparison of the ability of partially N-acetylated chitosan and chitooligosaccharides to elicit resistance reactions in wheat leaves

Author:
Vander, P.; Varum, K.M.; Domard, A.; El-Gueddari, N.E.; Moerschbacher, B.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.4 pp. 1353-1359
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; leaves; plant pathogenic fungi; pathogenicity; disease resistance; chitosan; dose response; oligosaccharides; lignin; biosynthesis; polymerization
Abstract:
... Chitin, a linear polysaccharide composed of (1 leads to 4)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose (GlcNAc) residues, and chitosan, the fully or partially N-acetylated, water-soluble derivative of chitin composed of (1 leads to 4)-linked GlcNAc and 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose (GlcN), have been proposed as elicitors of defense reactions in higher plants. We tested and compared the ...

23. Detection of Ca2+-dependent transglutaminase activity in root and leaf tissue of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants

Author:
Lilley, G.R.; Skill, J.; Griffin, M.; Bonner, P.L.R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.3 pp. 1115-1123
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein composition; Hordeum vulgare; glutaminase; proteolysis; peptides; Phaseolus vulgaris; metabolites; Triticum aestivum; Pisum sativum; enzyme activity; roots; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... Protein extracted from root and leaf tissue of the dicotyledonous plants pea (Pisum sativum) and broad bean (Vicia faba) and the monocotyledonous plants wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were shown to catalyze the incorporation of biotin-labeled cadaverine into microtiter-plate-bound N',N'-dimethylcasein and the cross-linking of biotin-labeled casein to microtiter-plate-bound ...

24. Development, characterization, and application of a cadmium-selective microelectrode for the measurement of cadmium fluxed in roots of Thlaspi species and wheat

Author:
Pineros, M.A.; Shaff, J.E.; Kochian, L.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.4 pp. 1393-1401
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
mathematical models; Noccaea caerulescens; zinc; calcium; equations; ion transport; electrodes; cadmium; magnesium; cytoplasm; Triticum aestivum; Thlaspi arvense; potassium; pH; measurement; roots
Abstract:
... A Cd2+-selective vibrating microelectrode was constructed using a neutral carrier-based Cd ionophore to investigate ion-transport processes along the roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two species of Thlaspi, one a Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator and the other a related nonaccumulator. In simple Cd(NO3)2 solutions, the electrode exhibited a Nernstian response in solutions with Cd2+ activities as low ...

25. Does a low nitrogen supply necessarily lead to acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2

Author:
Farage, P.K.; McKee, I.F.; Long, S.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.2 pp. 573-580
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
sowing date; acclimation; sand; measurement; carbon dioxide; nitrogen content; hydroponics; Triticum aestivum; phosphates; photosynthesis; leaves; trioses; nutrient deficiencies; net assimilation rate; temperature; enzyme activity; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; nitrogen; growing media; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Long-term exposure of plants to elevated partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) often depresses photosynthetic capacity. The mechanistic basis for this photosynthetic acclimation may involve accumulation of carbohydrate and may be promoted by nutrient limitation. However, our current knowledge is inadequate for making reliable predictions concerning the onset and extent of acclimation. Many studies have ...

26. Does leaf position within a canopy affect acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2?

Author:
Osborne, C.P.; LaRoche, J.; Garcia, R.L.; Kimball, B.A.; Wall, G.W.; Pinter, P.J. Jr.; LaMorte, R.L.; Hendrey, G.R.; Long, S.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.3 pp. 1037-1045
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; leaves; photosynthesis; net assimilation rate; acclimation; canopy; leaf angle; diurnal variation; carbon dioxide; Arizona
Abstract:
... Previous studies of photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO2 have focused on the most recently expanded, sunlit leaves in the canopy. We examined acclimation in a vertical profile of leaves through a canopy of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The crop was grown at an elevated CO2 partial pressure of 55 Pa within a replicated field experiment using free-air CO2 enrichment. Gas exchange was used to e ...

27. Effect of water stress on cell division and Cdc2-like cell cycle kinase activity in wheat leaves. [Erratum: Aug 1998, v. 117 (4), p. 1528.]

Author:
Schuppler, U.; He, P.H.; John, P.C.L.; Munns, R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.2 pp. 667-678
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
mitosis; cell growth; seedlings; stress response; water stress; tyrosine; Triticum aestivum; phosphotransferases (kinases); phosphorylation; mesophyll; enzyme activity; measurement
Abstract:
... In wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings subjected to a mild water stress (water potential of -0.3 MPa), the leaf-elongation rate was reduced by one-half and the mitotic activity of mesophyll cells was reduced to 42% of well-watered controls within 1 d. There was also a reduction in the length of the zone of mesophyll cell division to within 4 mm from the base compared with 8 mm in control leaves. H ...

28. Estimating the excess investment in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in leaves of spring wheat grown under elevated CO2

Author:
Threobald, J.C.; Mitchell, R.A.C.; Parry, M.A.J.; Lawlor, D.W.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.3 pp. 945-955
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; leaves; photosynthesis; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; enzyme activity; measurement; carboxylation; net assimilation rate; light; nitrogen content; mathematical models; equations; carbon dioxide
Abstract:
... Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown under CO2 partial pressures of 36 and 70 Pa with two N-application regimes. Responses of photosynthesis to varying CO2 partial pressure were fitted to estimate the maximal carboxylation rate and the nonphotorespiratory respiration rate in flag and preceding leaves. The maximal carboxylation rate was proportional to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygen ...

29. Expression of localization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in developing and germinating wheat grains

Author:
Gonzalez, M.C.; Osuna, L.; Echevarria, C.; Vidal, J.; Cejudo, F.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.4 pp. 1249-1258
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; metabolism; messenger RNA; genetic code; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; developmental stages; physicochemical properties; aleurone layer; Triticum aestivum; enzyme activity; protein composition; seed development
Abstract:
... Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity and corresponding mRNA levels were investigated in developing and germinating wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains. During grain development PEPC activity increased to reach a maximum 15 d postanthesis. Western-blot experiments detected two main PEPC polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 108 and 103 kD. The most abundant 103-kD PEPC subunit rema ...

30. Moderately high temperatures inhibit ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase-mediated activation of Rubisco

Author:
Feller, U.; Crafts-Brandner, S.J.; Salvucci, M.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.2 pp. 539-546
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Gossypium hirsutum; leaves; protein composition; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; enzyme activity; temperature; chlorophyll; fluorescence; chemical structure; heat tolerance
Abstract:
... We tested the hypothesis that light activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is inhibited by moderately elevated temperature through an effect on Rubisco activase. When cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaf tissue was exposed to increasing temperatures in the light, activation of Rubisco was inhibited above 35 and 30 degrees C, respectiv ...

31. Purification and characterization of a beta-D-xylosidase and an endo-xylanase from wheat flour

Author:
Cleemput, G.; Hessing, M.; Oort, M. van.; Deconynck, M.; Delcour, J.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 377-386
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase; seeds; xylan; wheat flour; physicochemical properties; Triticum aestivum; food composition; hydrolysis; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... A beta-D-xylosidase and an endo-xylanase were purified from European wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour. The beta-D-xylosidase had a molecular weight of approximately 64,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.5. It hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside and xylooligosaccharides and released D-xylose units from wheat arabinoxylan and oat spelts xylan. An endo-xylanase with a molecular weight of app ...

32. Rapid up-regulation of HKT1, a high-affinity potassium transporter gene, in roots of barley and wheat following withdrawal of potassium

Author:
Wang, T.B.; Gassmann, W.; Rubio, F.; Schroeder, J.I.; Glass, A.D.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.2 pp. 651-659
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; genes; complementary DNA; messenger RNA; gene expression; roots; potassium; cesium; rubidium; ion transport; nutrient deficiencies; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... High-affinity K+ uptake in plant roots is rapidly up-regulated when K+ is withheld and down-regulated when K+ is resupplied. These processes make important contributions to plant K+ homeostasis. A cDNA coding for a high-affinity K+ transporter, HKT1, was earlier cloned from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots and functionally characterized. We demonstrate here that in both barley (Hordeum vulgare L ...

33. Re-aeration following hypoxia or anoxia leads to activation of the antioxidative defense system in roots of wheat seedlings

Author:
Biemelt, S.; Keetman, U.; Albrecht, G.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.2 pp. 651-658
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
viability; peroxidase; metabolism; anaerobic conditions; glutathione; quantitative analysis; dehydroascorbic acid; glutathione-disulfide reductase; aeration; seedlings; stress response; glutathione dehydrogenase (ascorbate); Triticum aestivum; ascorbic acid; enzyme activity; roots; antioxidants; defense mechanisms
Abstract:
... The response of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle was investigated in roots of young wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings that were deprived of oxygen either by subjecting them to root hypoxia or to entire plant anoxia and then re-aerated. Although higher total levels of ascorbate and glutathione were observed under hypoxia, only the total amount of ascorbate was increased under anoxia. Under both ...

34. Sorption of aluminum to plasma membrane vesicles isolated from roots of Scout 66 and Atlas 66 cultivars of wheat

Author:
Yermiyahu, U.; Brauer, D.K.; Kinraide, T.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1119-1125
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; phytotoxicity; ion transport; cations; anions; measurement; membrane potential; cultivars; genetic variation; plasma membrane; electron transfer; stress response
Abstract:
... To further elucidate the mechanisms of differential genotypic tolerance to Al, plasma membrane (PM) vesicles were isolated from whole roots, root tips, and tipless roots of Al3+-sensitive and Al3+-tolerantcultivars (cv) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Scout 66 and cv Atlas 66, respectively). Vesicles from cv Scout root tips sorbed more Al than vesicles prepared from any other source. The intrins ...

35. Temperature-stress-induced impairment of chlorophyll biosynthetic reactions in cucumber and wheat

Author:
Tewari, A.K.; Tripathy, B.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.3 pp. 851-858
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Cucumis sativus; Triticum aestivum; seedlings; heat stress; cold stress; chlorophyll; biosynthesis; aminolevulinic acid; protochlorophyllides; biochemical pathways; oxidoreductases; enzyme activity; light; magnesium chelatase; stress response
Abstract:
... Chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis in chill (7 degrees C)- and heat (42 degrees C)-stressed cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv poinsette) seedlings was affected by 90 and 60%, respectively. Inhibition of Chl biosynthesis was partly due to impairment of 5-aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis both in chill- (78%) and heat-stress (70%) conditions. Protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) synthesis in chill- and heat-stres ...

36. Three mechanisms for the calcium alleviation of mineral toxicities

Author:
Kinraide, T.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.2 pp. 513-520
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
phytotoxicity; seedlings; calcium; Triticum aestivum; growth retardation; aluminum; sodium; hydrogen; plasma membrane; measurement; roots
Abstract:
... Ca2+ in rooting medium is essential for root elongation, even in the absence of added toxicants. In the presence of rhizotoxic levels of Al3+, H+, or Na+ (or other cationic toxicants), supplementation of the medium with higher levels of Ca2+ alleviates growth inhibition. Experiments to determine the mechanisms of alleviation entailed measurements of root elongation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. c ...

37. Xyloglucan octasaccharide XXLGol derived from the seeds of Hymenaea courbaril acts as signaling molecule

Author:
Vargas-Rechia, C.; Reicher, F.; Sierakowski, M.R.; Heyraud, A.; Driguez, H.; Lienart, Y.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.3 pp. 1013-1021
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protoplasts; coleoptiles; biosynthesis; xyloglucans; gibberellic acid; Rubus plicatus; Humicola; beta-glucanase; Hymenaea courbaril; Triticum aestivum; culture filtrates; chemical constituents of plants; enzyme activity; 2,4-D; cell suspension culture
Abstract:
... Treatment of the xyloglucan isolated from the seeds of Hymenaea courbaril with Humicola insolens endo-1,4-,beta-D-glucanase I produced xyloglucan oligosaccharides, which were then isolated and characterized. The two most abundant compounds were the heptasaccharide (XXXG) and the octasaccharide (XXLG), which were examined by reference to the biological activity of other structurally related xyloglu ...

38. Accumulation of Al in root mucilage of an Al-resistant and an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat

Author:
Archambault, D.J.; Zhang, G.; Taylor, G.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.4 pp. 1471-1478
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; aluminum; metal tolerance; root tips; metal ions; ion transport; mucilages; kinetics; uptake mechanisms; varietal resistance; symplast
Abstract:
... To estimate rates of Al accumulation within the symplasm, all apoplastic pools of Al need to be eliminated or accounted for. We have developed a revised kinetic protocol that allows us to estimate the contribution of mucilage-bound Al to total, nonexchangeable Al, and to eliminate the mucilage as an apoplastic pool of Al. By comparing the Al content of excised root tips (2 cm) of wheat (Triticum a ...

39. Al partitioning patterns and root growth as related to Al sensitivity and Al tolerance in wheat

Author:
Samuels, T.D.; Kucukakyuz, K.; Rincon-Zachary, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 527-534
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; quantitative analysis; dose response; phytotoxicity; cultivars; translocation (plant physiology); biological resistance
Abstract:
... Studies of Al partitioning and accumulation and of the effect of Al on the growth of intact wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots of cultivars that show differential Al sensitivity were conducted. The effects of various Al concentrations on root growth and Al accumulation inthe tissue were followed for 24 h. At low external Al concentrations, Al accumulation in the root tips was low and root growth w ...

40. Al-induced, 51-kilodalton, membrane-bound proteins are associated with resistance to Al in a segregating population of wheat

Author:
Taylor, G.J.; Basu, A.; Basu, U.; Slaski, J.J.; Zhang, G.; Good, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 363-372
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cultivars; sulfur; protein synthesis; dose response; quantitative analysis; callose; phytotoxicity; radiolabeling; stress response; cytosol; microsomes; Triticum aestivum; aluminum; mitochondria; tonoplast; genetic variation; plasma membrane; genotype; protein composition
Abstract:
... Incorporation of 35S into protein is reduced by exposure to Al in wheat (Triticum aestivum), but the effects are genotype-specific. Exposure to 10 to 75 micromolars Al had little effect on 35S incorporation into total protein, nuclear and mitochondrial protein, microsomal protein, and cytosolic protein in the Al-resistant cultivar PT741. In contrast, 10 micromolars Al reduced incorporation by 21 t ...

41. Characterization of the endoproteases appearing during wheat grain development

Author:
Dominguez, F.; Cejudo, F.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.3 pp. 1211-1217
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; seed development; developmental stages; chlorophyll; gliadin; enzyme activity; temporal variation; enzyme inhibitors; serine proteinases; metalloproteinases; aspartic proteinases; thiols; cathepsins; endosperm; gibberellic acid; abscisic acid
Abstract:
... The pattern of endoproteolytic activities occurring during wheat (Triticum aestivum, cultivar Chinese Spring) grain development was investigated. Total endoprotease activity, assayed in solution with azocasein as a substrate, increased during the early stages of grain development to reach a maximum at 15 d postanthesis that was maintained until the grain was mature. Endoprotease activity was also ...

42. Characterization of water channels in wheat root membrane vesicles

Author:
Niemietz, C.M.; Tyerman, S.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 561-567
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; cell membranes; water uptake; measurement; osmotic pressure; membrane permeability; diffusion; mercury compounds; energy balance
Abstract:
... The functional significance of water channels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root membranes was assessed using light scattering to measure vesicle shrinking in response to osmotic gradients rapidly imposed in a stopped flow apparatus. Vesicles were obtained from both a plasma membrane fraction and a plasma membrane-depleted endomembrane fraction including tonoplast vesicles. Osmotic water permeab ...

43. Constitutively elevated levels of putrescine and putrescine-generating enzymes correlated with oxidant stress resistance in Conyza bonariensis and wheat

Author:
Ye, B.; Muller, H.H.; Zhang, J.; Gressel, J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1443-1451
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; ornithine decarboxylase; chemical constituents of plants; arginine; stress response; genetic variation; putrescine; Triticum aestivum; paraquat; oxidation; genotype; herbicide resistance; enzyme activity; Conyza bonariensis; defense mechanisms
Abstract:
... Oxidant stress resistance in Conyza bonariensis and wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been correlated with high levels of antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, external oxidant stresses can increase a plant's levels of the enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis and polyamines, especially putrescine. We investigated the constitutive relationships between putrescine, putrescine-generating enzymes, and ...

44. Differential induction of lipoxygenase isoforms in wheat upon treatment with rust fungus elicitor, chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate

Author:
Bohland, C.; Balkenhohl, T.; Loers, G.; Feussner, I.; Grambow, H.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 679-685
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein synthesis; dose response; chitosan; seedlings; jasmonic acid; linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase; Puccinia graminis; Triticum aestivum; leaves; plant pathogenic fungi; oligosaccharides; chitin; enzyme activity; isozymes; protein composition
Abstract:
... A glycopeptide elicitor prepared from germ tubes of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn (Pgt),as well as chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate (MJ) stimulated lipoxygenase (LOX) activity (E.C. 1.13.11.12) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Immunoblot analysis using anti-LOX antibodies revealed the induction of 92- and 103-kD LOX species after P ...

45. Direct evaluation of the Ca2+-displacement hypothesis for Al toxicity

Author:
Ryan, P.R.; Reid, R.J.; Smith, F.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1351-1357
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
calcium chloride; phytotoxicity; magnesium chloride; strontium; Triticum aestivum; aluminum; sodium chloride; binding sites; roots
Abstract:
... One explanation for Al toxicity in plants suggests that Al displaces Ca2+ from critical sites in the apoplasm. We evaluated the Ca2+-displacement hypothesis directly using near-isogenic lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that differ in Al tolerance at a single locus. We measured both the growth and total accumulation (apoplasmic plus symplasmic) of 45Ca and Al into roots that had been exposed t ...

46. Evidence for the contribution of the Mehler-peroxidase reaction in dissipating excess electrons in drought-stressed wheat

Author:
Biehler, K.; Fock, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.1 pp. 265-272
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; water stress; drought; leaves; oxygen; photorespiration; glycolic acid; photosystem II; carbon dioxide; peroxidase; biochemical pathways; electron transfer
Abstract:
... Gross O2 evolution and uptake by attached, drought-stressed leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were measured using a 16O2/18O2 isotope technique and mass spectrometry. The activity of photosystem II, determined from the rate of 16O2 evolution, is only slightly affected under drought conditions. During drought stress, net CO2 uptake decreases due to stomatal closure, whereas the uptake of 18O2 is ...

47. Genetic transformation of wheat mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Author:
Cheng, M.; Fry, J.E.; Pang, S.Z.; Zhou, H.P.; Hironaka, C.M.; Duncan, D.R.; Conner, T.W.; Wan, Y.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 971-980
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
developmental stages; neomycin; inheritance (genetics); genetic markers; callus; Agrobacterium radiobacter; explants; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; plant development; phosphotransferases (phosphomutases); enzyme activity; histochemistry; genetic transformation; gene transfer; transgenic plants; embryo (plant); rapid methods; plant morphology; genetic vectors; beta-glucuronidase
Abstract:
... A rapid Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system for wheat was developed using freshly isolated immature embryos, precultured immature embryos, and embryogenic calli as explants. The explants were inoculated with a disarmed A. tumefaciens strain C58 (ABI) harboring the binary vector pMON18365 containing the beta-glucuronidase gene with an intron, and a selectable marker, the neomyc ...

48. Importance of the chiral centers of jasmonic acid in the responses of plants. Activities and antagonism between natural and synthetic analogs

Author:
Holbrook, L.; Tung, P.; Ward, K.; Reid, D.M.; Abrams, S.; Lamb, N.; Quail, J.W.; Moloney, M.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 419-428
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Helianthus annuus; Brassica napus; measurement; chemical degradation; dose response; jasmonic acid; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; Nicotiana tabacum; esters; stereochemistry; enzyme activity; chemical structure; seed germination; transgenic plants; cotyledons; proteinase inhibitors; reporter genes; chemical constituents of plants; chlorophyll; beta-glucuronidase
Abstract:
... The importance of the two chiral centers at C-3 and C-7 in the molecular structure of jasmonic acid in plant responses was investigated. We separated methyl jasmonate (MeJA) into (3R)- and (3S)-isomers with a fixed stereochemistry at C-3, but epimerization at C-7 is possible. The four isomers of the nonepimerizable analog 7-methyl MeJA were synthesized. These six esters and their corresponding aci ...

49. Induction of male sterility in wheat by meiotic-stage water deficit is preceded by a decline in invertase activity and changes in carbohydrate metabolism in anthers

Author:
Dorion, S.; Lalonde, S.; Saini, H.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.111 no.1 pp. 137-145
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; sucrose; developmental stages; stress response; starch; water stress; Triticum aestivum; beta-fructofuranosidase; meiosis; pollen; seed set; enzyme activity; starch synthase
Abstract:
... Water deficit during meiosis in pollen mother cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) induces male sterility, which can reduce grain set by 40 to 50%. In plants stressed during meiosis and then rewatered, division of pollen mother cells proceeds normally but subsequent pollen development is arrested 3 or 4 d later. An inhibition of starch accumulation within the pollen grain suggested that an altera ...

50. Multiple aluminum-resistance mechanisms in wheat. Roles of root apical phosphate and malate exudation

Author:
Pellet, D.M.; Papernik, L.A.; Kochian, L.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.2 pp. 591-597
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cultivars; phytotoxicity; root exudates; genes; Triticum aestivum; aluminum; malic acid; phosphates
Abstract:
... Although it is well known that aluminum (Al) resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) is multigenic, physiological evidence for multiple mechanisms of Al resistance has not yet been documented. The role of root apical phosphate and malate exudation in Al resistance was investigated in two wheat cultivars (Al-resistant Atlas and Al-sensitive Scout) and two near-isogenic lines (Al-resistant ET3 and A ...

51. Osmotic stress suppresses cell wall stiffening and the increase in cell wall-bound ferulic and diferulic acids in wheat coleoptiles

Author:
Wakabayashi, K.; Hoson, T.; Kamisaka, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 967-973
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; coleoptiles; ferulic acid; diferulic acid; quantitative analysis; osmotic pressure; mechanical properties; cell wall components; stress response
Abstract:
... The relationship between the mechanical properties of cell walls and the levels of wall-bound ferulic (FA) and diferulic (DFA) acids was investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) coleoptiles grown under osmotic stress (60 mM polyethylene glycol [PEG] 4000) conditions. The cell walls of stressed coleoptiles remained extensible compared with those of the unstressed ones. The contents of wall-boun ...

52. Possible involvement of Al-induced electrical signals in Al tolerance in wheat

Author:
Papernik, L.A.; Kochian, L.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 657-667
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; phytotoxicity; cell membranes; membrane potential; measurement; potassium; ion transport; lanthanum; malic acid; exudation; cultivars; genetic variation
Abstract:
... The relationship between Al-induced depolarization of root-cell transmembrane electrical potentials (E(m)) and Al tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. Al exposure induced depolarizations of E(m) in the Al-tolerant wheat cultivars Atlas and ET3, but not in the Al-sensitive wheat cultivars Scout and ES3. The depolarizations of E(m) occurred in root cap cells and as far back as ...

53. RNase activity decreases following a heat shock in wheat leaves and correlates with its posttranslational modification

Author:
Chang, S.C.; Gallie, D.R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1253-1263
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; seedlings; leaves; heat stress; ribonucleases; isozymes; phosphorylation; enzyme activity; measurement; messenger RNA; gene expression; stress response
Abstract:
... Heat shock results in a coordinate loss of translational efficiency and an increase in mRNA stability in plants. The thermally mediated increase in mRNA half-life could be a result of decreased expression and/or regulation of intracellular RNase enzyme activity. We have examined the fate of both acidic and neutral RNases in wheat seedlings that were subjected to a thermal stress. We observed that ...

54. SO4(2-) deprivation has an early effect on the content of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and photosynthesis in young leaves of wheat

Author:
Gilbert, S.M.; Clarkson, D.T.; Cambridge, M.; Lambers, H.; Hawkesford, M.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1231-1239
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; sulfur; nutrient deficiencies; stress response; net assimilation rate; ontogeny; leaf conductance; Triticum aestivum; photosynthesis; enzyme activity; stomata; measurement
Abstract:
... Wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring) supplied with 0.45 mM SO42- for 14 d with relative growth rates (RGR) of 0.22 to 0.24 d-1 was deprived of S for 7 to 8 d. There was no significant effect on RGR or leaf development (leaf 2 length was constant; leaf 3 expanded for 2-4 d; leaf 4 emerged and elongated throughout the experiment) during the S deprivation. In controls the net assimilation rate ...

55. A novel class of herbicides: specific inhibitors of imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydratase

Author:
Mori, I.; Fonne-Pfister, R.; Matsunaga, S.; Tada, S.; Kimura, Y.; Iwasaki, G.; Mano, J.; Hatano, M.; Nakano, T.; Koizumi, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.3 pp. 719-723
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; mechanism of action; Xanthium; Zea mays; weed control; biosynthesis; Hordeum vulgare; triazole herbicides; Echinochloa crus-galli; Chenopodium album; seedlings; phytotoxicity; Sorghum halepense; enzyme inhibitors; Triticum aestivum; structure-activity relationships; Amaranthus retroflexus; histidine; hydro-lyases
Abstract:
... A new mode of herbicidal action was established by finding specific inhibitors of imidazoleglycerol phosphate dehydratase, an enzyme of histidine (His) biosynthesis. Three triazole phosphonates inhibited the reaction of the enzyme with Ki values of 40 +/- 6.5, 10 +/- 1.6, and 8.5 +/- 1.4 nM, respectively, and were highly cytotoxic to cultured plant cells. This effect was completely reversed by the ...

56. Differential solute regulation in leaf blades of various ages in salt-sensitive wheat and a salt-tolerant wheat X lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Love amphiploid

Author:
Colmer, T.D.; Epstein, E.; Dvorak, J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.4 pp. 1715-1724
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seedlings; osmotic pressure; spatial distribution; sap; betaine; allopolyploidy; intergeneric hybridization; glucose; proline; solutes; Triticum aestivum; sodium; leaves; plant nutrition; sucrose; potassium; Thinopyrum elongatum; sodium chloride; water content; salt tolerance; asparagine; salinity; osmoregulation
Abstract:
... Leaf blades of different ages from a salt-tolerant wheat X Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. Love (syn. Agropyron elongatum Host) amphiploid and its salt-sensitive wheat parent (Triticum aestivum L. cv Chinese Spring) were compared for their ionic relations, organic solute accumulation, and sap osmotic potential. The plants were grown for 18 d in nonsaline (1.25 mM Na+) and salinized (200 mM NaCl) nu ...

57. Germin gene expression is induced in wheat leaves by powdery mildew infection

Author:
Hurkman, W.J.; Tanaka, C.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.111 no.3 pp. 735-739
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
oxalates; messenger RNA; fungal diseases of plants; Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici; varietal resistance; oxidoreductases; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; disease resistance; chemical constituents of plants; enzyme activity; infection; defense mechanisms
Abstract:
... Germin gene expression is induced in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves by powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici) infection. Germin is a protein marker for early cereal development and is an oxalate oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of oxalate to CO2 and H2O2. The induction of germin gene expression by powdery mildew infection is consistent with the importance of H2O2 to ...

58. In vivo and in vitro phosphorylation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from wheat seeds during germination

Author:
Osuna, L.; Gonzalez, M.C.; Cejudo, F.J.; Vidal, J.; Echevarria, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.111 no.2 pp. 551-558
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; seed germination; endosperm; protein composition; enzyme activity; aleurone layer; phosphorylation; polypeptides; binding sites
Abstract:
... Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity was detected in the aleurone endosperm of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Chinese Spring) seeds, and specific anti-Sorghum C4 PEPC polyclonal antibodies cross-reacted with 103- and 100-kD polypeptides present in dry seeds and seeds that had imbibed; in addition, a new, 108-kD polypeptide was detected 6 h after imbibition. The use of specific anti-phospho ...

59. Photosystem II excitation pressure and development of resistance to photoinhibition. II. Adjustment of photosynthetic capacity in winter wheat and winter rye

Author:
Gray, G.R.; Savitch, L.V.; Ivanov, A.G.; Huner, N.P.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.110 no.1 pp. 61-71
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; winter wheat; Secale cereale; photosystem II; photoinhibition; solar radiation; dose response; temperature; net assimilation rate; chlorophyll; hexosyltransferases; enzyme activity; lutein; cultivars; genetic variation; light harvesting complex; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Monopol), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Katepwa), and winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv Musketeer) grown at 5 degrees C and moderate irradiance (250 micromoles m-2 s-1) (5/250) exhibit an increased tolerance to photoinhibition at low temperature in comparison to plants grown at 20 degrees C and 250 micromoles m-2 s-1 (20/250). However, 5/250 plants exhi ...

60. Subcellular visualization of gene transcripts encoding key proteins of the chlorophyll accumulation process in developing chloroplasts

Author:
Marrison, J.L.; Schunmann, P.H.D.; Ougham, H.J.; Leech, R.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.110 no.4 pp. 1089-1096
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protoporphyrin; seedlings; genes; plant proteins; light harvesting complex; binding proteins; Triticum aestivum; protochlorophyllides; messenger RNA; genetic code; chelating agents; transcription (genetics); histochemistry; biosynthesis; plant anatomy; magnesium; oxidoreductases; photosystem II; chlorophyll; chloroplasts
Abstract:
... The coordination of the synthesis of chlorophyll (Chl) and light-harvesting Chl proteins was determined by observing the sequence of appearance of the specific mRNAs for the nuclear genes CHLH, Por, and Lhcb1*2 (AB180). CHLH encodes a magnesium protoporphyrin chelatase subunit that is involved in the first committed step in Chl biosynthesis; Por encodes protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase, which ca ...

61. The wheat abscisic acid-responsive protein kinase mRNA PKABA1, is up-regulated by dehydration cold temperature, osmotic stress

Author:
Holappa, L.D.; Walker-Simmons, M.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.3 pp. 1203-1210
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; shoots; roots; abscisic acid; enzyme activity; messenger RNA; genes; gene expression; water stress; salinity; cold; temperature; osmotic pressure; stress response
Abstract:
... The effects of dehydration, cold-temperature treatment, and osmotic and salt stress on the expression of an abscisic acid-responsive protein kinase mRNA (PKABA1) were determined in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. The PKABA1 transcript was detectable at basal levels in tissues of nonstressed plants and accumulated to higher levels in shoot, scutellar, and root tissues of stressed plants. PK ...

62. Amelioration of ozone-induced oxidative damage in wheat plants grown under high carbon dioxide. Role of antioxidant enzymes

Author:
Rao, M.V.; Hale, B.A.; Ormrod, D.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.2 pp. 421-432
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
carbon dioxide; plant nutrition; glutathione-disulfide reductase; ascorbate peroxidase; superoxide dismutase; NADP (coenzyme); isozymes; ozone; environmental exposure; Triticum aestivum; carotenoids; oxidation; biomass production; enzyme activity; chlorophyll; peroxidase; antioxidants; leaves
Abstract:
... O3-induced changes in growth, oxidative damage to protein, and specific activities of certain antioxidant enzymes were investigated in wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L. cv Roblin) grown under ambient or high CO2. High CO2 enhanced shoot biomass of wheat plants, whereas O3 exposure decreased shoot biomass. The shoot biomass was relatively unaffected in plants grown under a combination of high CO2 a ...

63. Amylolytic activities in cereal seeds under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Author:
Guglielminetti, L.; Yamaguchi, J.; Perata, P.; Alpi, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.3 pp. 1069-1076
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; starch granules; anaerobic conditions; beta-amylase; aerobic conditions; pullulanase; Hordeum vulgare; biosynthesis; Oryza sativa; seedlings; alpha-glucosidase; Triticum aestivum; hydrolysis; biodegradation; enzyme activity; hypoxia; alpha-amylase
Abstract:
... An adequate carbohydrate supply contributes to the survival of seeds under conditions of limited oxygen availability. The amount of soluble, readily fermentable carbohydrates in dry cereal seeds is usually very limited, with starch representing the main storage compound. Starch breakdown during the germination of cereal seeds is the result of the action of hydrolytic enzymes and only through the c ...

64. Cold hardening of spring and winter wheat and rape results in differential effects on growth, carbon metabolism, and carbohydrate content

Author:
Hurry, V.M.; Strand, A.; Tobiaeson, M.; Gardestrom, P.; Oquist, G.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.2 pp. 697-706
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
freezing; cultivars; seedling growth; interspecific variation; biosynthesis; plant nutrition; seedlings; fluorescence; carbohydrates; net assimilation rate; gas exchange; biochemical pathways; carbon; Triticum aestivum; Brassica napus; enzyme activity; chlorophyll; cold tolerance; metabolites
Abstract:
... The effect of long-term (months) exposure to low temperature (5 degrees C) on growth,photosynthesis, and carbon metabolism was studied in spring and winter cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rape (Brassica napus). Cold-grown winter rape and winter wheat maintained higher net assimilation rates and higher in situ CO2 exchange rates than the respective cold-grown spring cultivars. In particu ...

65. In vivo regulation of wheat-leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase by reversible phosphorylation

Author:
Duff, S.M.G.; Chollet, R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.3 pp. 775-782
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein content; plant nutrition; nitrogen; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; seedlings; nutrient deficiencies; nutrient availability; Triticum aestivum; nitrates; malic acid; light; phosphotransferases (kinases); phosphorylation; enzyme activity; leaves
Abstract:
... Regulation of C3 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and its protein-serine/threonine kinase (PEPC-PK) was studied in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves that were excised from low-N-grown seedlings and subsequently illuminated and/or supplied with 40 mM KNO3. The apparent phosphorylation status of PEPC was assessed by its sensitivity to L-malate inhibition at suboptimal assay conditions, and the ...

66. Increased accumulation of carbohydrates and decreased photosynthetic gene transcript levels in wheat grown at an elevated CO2 concentration in the field

Author:
Nie, G.; Hendrix, D.L.; Webber, A.N.; Kimball, B.A.; Long, S.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.3 pp. 975-983
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
phosphoric monoester hydrolases; developmental stages; acclimation; genes; photosystem I; fructans; carbon dioxide; glucose; starch; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; fructose; glucose 6-phosphate; leaves; messenger RNA; quantitative analysis; phosphoglycerate kinase; genetic code; sucrose; transcription (genetics); enzyme activity; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; biosynthesis; stress response; diurnal variation; chemical constituents of plants; Arizona
Abstract:
... Repression of photosynthetic genes by increased soluble carbohydrate concentrations may explain acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 concentration. This hypothesis was examined in a field crop of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown at both ambient (approximately 360 micromoles mol-1) and elevated (550 micromoles mol-1) atmospheric CO2 concentrations using free-air CO2 enrichment at ...

67. Levels of a terpenoid glycoid (Blumenin) and cell wall-bound phenolics in some cereal mycorrhizas

Author:
Maier, W.; Peipp, H.; Schmidt, J.; Wray, V.; Strack, D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.2 pp. 465-470
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
terpenoids; biosynthesis; Hordeum vulgare; coumaric acids; Secale cereale; secondary metabolites; Triticum aestivum; Avena sativa; Rhizophagus intraradices; cell wall components; chemical constituents of plants; glycosides; roots
Abstract:
... Four cereals, Hordeum vulgare (barley), Triticum aestivum (wheat), Secale cereal (rye), and Avena sativa (oat), were grown in a defined nutritional medium with and without the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. Levels of soluble and cell wall-bound secondary metabolites in the roots of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography d ...

68. Sucrose concentration gradients along the post-phloem transport pathway in the maternal tissues of developing wheat grains

Author:
Fisher, D.B.; Wang, N.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.2 pp. 587-592
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; seed development; sucrose; nutrient transport; plant tissues; sulfates; nutrient uptake; diffusion; mass flow; plant vascular system; solutes
Abstract:
... Sucrose concentrations were measured in serial frozen sections of the post-phloem transport pathway in developing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains. In normally importing grains, there was an approximately linear concentration gradient along the pathway, with a difference between the ends of the pathway of about 180 mM. This indicates an unusually low resistance for cell-to-cell transport, due p ...

69. Sucrose release into the endosperm cavity of wheat grains apparently occurs by facilitated diffusion across the nucellar cell membranes

Author:
Wang, N.; Fisher, D.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.2 pp. 579-585
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; seed development; endosperm; nutrient transport; sugars; ovules; membrane permeability; diffusion; osmotic pressure; enzyme inhibitors; pH; potassium; cations; temperature; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... Nutrients required for the growth of the embryo and endosperm of developing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains are released into the endosperm cavity from the maternal tissues acrossthe nucellar cell plasma membranes. We followed the uptake and efflux of sugar into and out of the nucellus by slicing grains longitudinally through the endosperm cavity to expose the nucellar surface to experimental ...

70. Aryl hydroxylation of the herbicide diclofop by a wheat cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase: Substrate specificity and physiological activity

Author:
Zimmerlin, A.; Durst, F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 874-881
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
chlorotoluron; chlorsulfuron; microsomes; cytochrome P-450; Triticum aestivum; oxidation; diclofop; enzyme activity; 2,4-D; oxygenases
Abstract:
... Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Etoile de Choisy) microsomes catalyzed the cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of the herbicide diclofop to three hydroxy-diclofop isomers. Hydroxylation was predominant at carbon 4, with migration of chlorine to carbon 5 (67%) and carbon 3 (25%). The 2,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy isomer was identified as a minor reaction product (8%). Substrate-specificity studies showed ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.874
PubMed:
16653070

71. Nitrate activation of cytosolic protein kinases diverts photosynthetic carbon from sucrose to amino acid biosynthesis: Basis for a new concept

Author:
Champigny, M.L.; Foyer, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.1 pp. 7-12
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
carbohydrate metabolism; sucrose-phosphate synthase; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; sucrose; cytosol; Triticum aestivum; phosphorylation; enzyme activity; amino acid metabolism; nitrates
Abstract:
... The regulation of carbon partitioning between carbohydrates (principally sucrose) and amino acids has been only poorly characterized in higher plants. The hypothesis that the pathway of sucrose and amino acid biosynthesis compete for carbon skeletons and energy is widely accepted. In this review, we suggest a mechanism involving the regulation of cytosolic protein kinases whereby the flow of carbo ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.1.7
PubMed:
16653003

72. Tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides in wheat

Author:
Newhouse, K.E.; Smith, W.A.; Starrett, M.A.; Schaefer, T.J.; Singh, B.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 882-886
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
oxo-acid-lyases; imazethapyr; mutagenesis; acetolactate synthase; allelism; Triticum aestivum; mutants; genes; herbicide resistance; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... An imidazolinone-tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) mutant in the winter wheat cultivar Fidel has been identified and characterized. The mutant was isolated from a population derived through seed mutagenesis of the variety with an aqueous solution containing sodium azide. Imidazolinone-tolerant wheat seedlings were selected from the generation of the population in the presence of imaze ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.882
PubMed:
16653071

73. Characterization of a cold-regulated wheat gene related to Arabidopsis cor47

Author:
Guo, W.; Ward, R.W.; Thomashow, M.F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 915-922
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Arabidopsis thaliana; complementary DNA; structural genes; plant proteins; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; threonine; histidine; messenger RNA; gene expression; seeds; cold; acclimation; leaves; roots; abscisic acid; water stress; glycine (amino acid)
Abstract:
... The cDNA clone pWG1 represents a gene, designated cor39, from Triticum aestivum L. cv Winoka (a winter wheat) that is related to a cold-regulated Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heyn) gene, cor47. In vitro transcription/translation experiments in conjunction with DNA sequence analysis indicated that cor39 encodes a hydrophilic polypeptide of 39 kD (isoelectric point of 7.5), designated COR39. The polypep ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.915
PubMed:
16653076

74. Cytochrome P-450-dependent hydroxylation of lauric acid at the subterminal position and oxidation of unsaturated analogs in wheat microsomes

Author:
Zimmerlin, A.; Salaun, J.P.; Durst, F.; Mioskowski, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 868-873
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
dodecanoic acid; unsaturated fatty acids; NADP (coenzyme); microsomes; oxidoreductases; cytochrome P-450; Triticum aestivum; oxidation
Abstract:
... Microsomes from etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Etoile de Choisy) shoots catalyzed the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent hydroxylation of lauric acid predominantly at the subterminal or (omega-1) position (65%). Minor amounts of 10-hydroxy- (31%) and 9-hydroxylaurate (4%) were also formed. The reaction was catalyzed by cytochrome P-450, since enzyme activity wa ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.868
PubMed:
16653069

75. Distinctive responses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and carbonic anhydrase in wheat leaves to nitrogen nutrition and their possible relationships to CO2-transfer resistance

Author:
Makino, A.; Sakashita, H.; Hidema, J.; Mae, T.; Ojima, K.; Osmond, B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.4 pp. 1737-1743
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; Oryza sativa; Spinacia oleracea; Phaseolus vulgaris; Pisum sativum; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; carbonate dehydratase; enzyme activity; leaves; nitrogen content; chlorophyll; nitrogen; nutrient availability; gas exchange; carbon dioxide; photosynthesis; electron transfer; water vapor
Abstract:
... The amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), total chlorophyll (Chl), and total leaf nitrogen were measured in fully expanded, young leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.). In addition, the activities of whole-chain electron transport and carbonic anhydrase ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.4.1737
PubMed:
16653191

76. Effects of water-deficit stress on photosynthesis, its components and component limitations, and on water use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Author:
Martin, B.; Ruiz-Torres, N.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 733-739
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
carbon dioxide; stomatal conductance; chemical reactions; Calvin cycle; water use efficiency; gas exchange; net assimilation rate; water stress; leaf water potential; Triticum aestivum; water vapor; leaf conductance
Abstract:
... It is of theoretical as well as practical interest to identify the components of the photosynthetic machinery that govern variability in photosynthesis rate (A) and water-use efficiency (WUE), and to define the extent by which the component processes limit A and WUE during developing water-deficit stress. For that purpose, leaf exchange of CO2 and H2O was determined in two growth-chamber-grown whe ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.733
PubMed:
16653053

77. Identification of embryoid-abundant genes that are temporally expressed during pollen embryogenesis in wheat anther cultures

Author:
Reynolds, T.L.; Kitto, S.L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.4 pp. 1744-1750
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; complementary DNA; genes; gene expression; messenger RNA; pollen; gametogenesis; anther culture; embryogenesis
Abstract:
... Uninucleate microspores in anther cultures of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum cv Pavon) are capable of producing haploid pollen embryoids and plants. To gain an understanding of this alternate pathway of pollen development, we constructed a cDNA library to young pollen embryoids, isolated embryoid-specific genes, and analyzed their expression patterns during morphogenesis. Two embryoid-abundant clo ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.4.1744
PubMed:
16653192

78. Lack of types 1 and 2A protein Serine(P)/Threonine(P) phosphatase activities in chloroplasts

Author:
Sun, G.; Markwell, J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 620-624
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
phosphorylase; threonine; serine; phosphoprotein phosphatase; histones; phosphoproteins; Triticum aestivum; Pisum sativum; enzyme activity; dephosphorylation; chloroplasts
Abstract:
... Protein phosphatase activity in crude leaf extracts and in purified intact chloroplasts of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and pea (Pisum sativum) was analyzed using exogenously supplied phosphoproteins or endogenous thylakoid proteins. Leaf extracts contain readily detectable amounts of protein phosphatase activity measured with either phosphohistone or phosphorylase a, substrates of mammalian protein ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.620
PubMed:
16653037

79. Operationally defined apoplastic and symplastic aluminum fractions in root tips of aluminum-intoxicated wheat

Author:
Tice, K.R.; Parker, D.R.; DeMason, D.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.1 pp. 309-318
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
root tips; cultivars; phytotoxicity; Triticum aestivum; aluminum; cytoplasm; cytochemistry; metal ions; histochemistry; symplast
Abstract:
... Knowledge of the mechanistic basis of differential aluminum (Al) tolerance depends, in part, on an improved ability to quantify Al located in the apoplastic and symplastic compartments of the root apex. Using root tips excised from seedlings of an Al-tolerant wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. cv Yecora Rojo) grown in Al solutions for 2 d, we established an operationally defined apoplastic Al fr ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.1.309
PubMed:
16652962

80. Phenotypic analysis of a dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with altered phytochrome-mediated growth responses

Author:
Knauber, D.C.; Banowetz, G.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.4 pp. 1901-1908
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
root shoot ratio; far-red light; phenotype; tillering; dry matter partitioning; Triticum aestivum; red light; dwarf cultivars; phytochrome; chlorophyll; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... The influence of the amount of red light relative to far red light (red/far red ratio) on leaf-sheath elongation, leaf length, tillering, assimilate partitioning to shoots and roots, and chlorophyll content in a dwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Tibet Dwarf) and seven other dwarf and standard cultivars was determined. All cultivars tested showed far red-stimulated leaf and leaf-sheath elongatio ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.4.1901
PubMed:
16653215

81. Short-term experiments on ion transport by seedlings and excised roots. Technique and validity

Author:
Huang, Z.Z.; Yan, X.; Jalil, A.; Norlyn, J.D.; Epstein, E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.4 pp. 1914-1920
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
laboratory techniques; Hordeum vulgare; seedlings; ion transport; Triticum aestivum; Thinopyrum elongatum; potassium; active transport; roots
Abstract:
... The absorption of K+ by excised roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv California Mariout) has been systematically compared with that of entire, undisturbed seedlings. Some experiments have also been done with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and an amphiploid obtained from a cross between it and salt-tolerant tall wheatgrass (Lophopyrum elongatum Host Love [syn. Agropyron elongatum Host]). For all th ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.4.1914
PubMed:
16653217