U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Https

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

PubAg

Main content area

You searched for: Journal name Plant physiology Remove constraint Journal name: Plant physiology Subject dose response Remove constraint Subject: dose response Text availability Citation in PubAg Remove constraint Text availability: Citation in PubAg
Start Over

Search

130  Search Results

« Previous | 1 - 100 of 130 |
Number of results to display per page

Search Results

1. (+)-Abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase

Author:
Krochko, J.E.; Abrams, G.D.; Loewen, M.K.; Abrams, S.R.; Cutler, A.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.3 pp. 849-860
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; cell suspension culture; cell membranes; protein composition; cytochrome P-450; oxygenases; abscisic acid; metabolism; enzyme activity; light; oxygen; cytochrome c; carbon monoxide; dose response; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; NADP (coenzyme)
Abstract:
... Abscisic acid (ABA) 8'-hydroxylase catalyzes the first step in the oxidative degradation of (+)-ABA. The development of a robust in vitro assay has now permitted detailed examination and characterization of this enzyme. Although several factors (buffer, cofactor, and source tissue) were critical in developing the assay, the most important of these was the identification of a tissue displaying high ...

2. 3,7-dichloroquinolinecarboxylic acid inhibits cell-wall biosynthesis in maize roots

Author:
Koo, S.J.; Neal, J.C.; DiTomaso, J.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.3 pp. 1383-1389
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; quinclorac; seedlings; roots; duration; dose response; mechanism of action; cell walls; fatty acids; DNA; RNA; biosynthesis; cell growth; herbicidal properties; cell wall components
Abstract:
... The mode of action of the herbicide 3,7-dichloroquinolinecarboxylic acid (quinclorac) was examined by measuring incorporation of [14C]glucose, [14C]acetate, [3H]thymidine, and [3H]uridine into maize (Zea mays) root cell walls, fatty acids, DNA, and RNA, respectively. Among the precursors examined, 10 micromolar quinclorac inhibited [14C]glucose incorporation into the cell wall within 3 h. Fatty ac ...

3. ATP hydrolysis activity and polymerization state of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase activase. Do the effects of Mg2+, K+, and activase concentrations indicate a functional similarity to actin?

Author:
Lilley, R.M.; Portis, A.R. Jr.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 605-613
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; dose response; polymerization; Spinacia oleracea; adenosine triphosphate; magnesium; biochemical pathways; anions; potassium; hydrolysis; actin; enzyme activity; adenosinetriphosphatase
Abstract:
... The ATPase activity and fluorescence of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) activase were determined over a range of MgCl2, KCl, and activase concentrations. Both salts promoted ADP release from ATP and intrinsic fluorescence enhancement by adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio] triphosphate, but Mg2+ was about 10 times more effective than K+. ATPase and fluorescence enhancement both incr ...

4. Accelerated early growth of rice at elevated CO2. Is it related to developmental changes in the shoot apex?

Author:
Jitla, D.S.; Rogers, G.S.; Seneweera, S.P.; Basra, A.S.; Oldfield, R.J.; Conroy, J.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 15-22
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant development; buds; diameter; dose response; carbon dioxide; Oryza sativa; developmental stages; internodes; crop yield; length; tillers; leaves
Abstract:
... The influence of elevated CO2 on the development of the shoot apex and on subsequent vegetative growth and grain yield investigated using rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Jarrah) grown in flooded soil at either 350 or 700 microliter CO2 L-1. At 8 d after planting (DAP), elevated CO2 increased the height and diameter of the apical dome and lengths of leaf primordia and tiller buds but had no effect on thei ...

5. Acetaldehyde is a causal agent responsible for ethanol-induced ripening inhibition in tomato fruit

Author:
Beaulieu, J.C.; Peiser, G.; Saltveit, M.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 431-439
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
temperature; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; ripening; ethanol; dose response; acetaldehyde; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; alcohol dehydrogenase; aldehyde dehydrogenase; enzyme inhibitors
Abstract:
... Inhibition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit ripening by exogenously applied ethanol was shown to be caused by elevated endogenous levels of acetaldehyde (AA). Exposure of excised pericarp discs of mature-green tomato fruit to ethanol or AA vapors produced elevated levels of both compounds in the tissue, but only the levels of AA were associated with ripening inhibition. Ripening inh ...

6. Adventitious root growth and cell-cycle induction in deepwater rice

Author:
Lorbiecke, R.; Sauter, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.119 no.1 pp. 21-29
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ethylene; rice; cell growth; Oryza sativa; developmental stages; genes; phosphotransferases (kinases); dose response; stems; histones; cell division; adventitious roots; gene expression; transcription (genetics); auxins; gibberellins; flooded conditions; stress response; cytokinins; plant morphology
Abstract:
... Deepwater rice (Oryza sativa) is adapted to survive conditions of severe flooding over extended periods of time. During such periods adventitious roots develop to provide water, nutrients, and anchorage. In the present study the growth of adventitious roots was induced by treatment with ethylene but not auxin, cytokinin, or gibberellin. Root elongation was enhanced between 8 and 10 h after submerg ...

7. Al partitioning patterns and root growth as related to Al sensitivity and Al tolerance in wheat

Author:
Samuels, T.D.; Kucukakyuz, K.; Rincon-Zachary, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 527-534
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; quantitative analysis; dose response; phytotoxicity; cultivars; translocation (plant physiology); biological resistance
Abstract:
... Studies of Al partitioning and accumulation and of the effect of Al on the growth of intact wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots of cultivars that show differential Al sensitivity were conducted. The effects of various Al concentrations on root growth and Al accumulation inthe tissue were followed for 24 h. At low external Al concentrations, Al accumulation in the root tips was low and root growth w ...

8. Al-induced, 51-kilodalton, membrane-bound proteins are associated with resistance to Al in a segregating population of wheat

Author:
Taylor, G.J.; Basu, A.; Basu, U.; Slaski, J.J.; Zhang, G.; Good, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 363-372
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cultivars; sulfur; protein synthesis; dose response; quantitative analysis; callose; phytotoxicity; radiolabeling; stress response; cytosol; microsomes; Triticum aestivum; aluminum; mitochondria; tonoplast; genetic variation; plasma membrane; genotype; protein composition
Abstract:
... Incorporation of 35S into protein is reduced by exposure to Al in wheat (Triticum aestivum), but the effects are genotype-specific. Exposure to 10 to 75 micromolars Al had little effect on 35S incorporation into total protein, nuclear and mitochondrial protein, microsomal protein, and cytosolic protein in the Al-resistant cultivar PT741. In contrast, 10 micromolars Al reduced incorporation by 21 t ...

9. Antagonistic but complementary actions of phytochromes A and B allow optimum seedling de-etiolation

Author:
Smith, H.; Xu, Y.; Quail, P.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 637-641
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; seedlings; hypocotyls; phytochrome; dose response; red light; far-red light; genetic variation; genotype; etiolation
Abstract:
... Using dichromatic radiation, we show that the actions of phytochromes A and B (phyA and phyB) in Arabidopsis thaliana are antagonistic in mediating red and far-red radiation effects on seedling de-etiolation and yet act in a complementary manner to regulate de-etiolation, irrespective of spectral composition. At low phytochrome photoequilibria inhibition of hypocotyl extension was strong, because ...

10. Attenuation of the phenotype caused by the root-inducing, left-hand, transferred DNA and its rolA gene: correlations with changes in polyamine metabolism and DNA methylation

Author:
Martin-Tanguy, J.; Sun, L.Y.; Burtin, D.; Vernoy, R.; Rossin, N.; Tepfer, D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.111 no.1 pp. 259-267
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; roots; genetic transformation; Rhizobium rhizogenes; DNA; genes; gene expression; genetic code; methylation; putrescine; tyramine; dose response; phenotype
Abstract:
... We present four examples of attenuation of the transformed phenotype caused by the root-inducing, left-hand, transferred DNA from Agrobacterium rhizogenes in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The first was associated with a genetic variable (homozygosity for the T-DNA), and the second was induced at the physiological level by putrescine and tyramine, suggesting that the transformed phenotype depends on ...

11. Auxin-induced epinasty of tobacco leaf tissues. A nonethylene-mediated response

Author:
Keller, C.P.; Van Volkenburgh, E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 603-610
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; leaves; cell growth; epinasty; dose response; acetic acid; ethylene; biosynthesis; naphthaleneacetic acid; aminooxyacetic acid; indole acetic acid
Abstract:
... Interveinal strips (10 x 1.5 mm) excised from growing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi) leaves curled >300 degrees when incubated for 20 h in 5 to 500 micromolar alpha-naphthalene acetic acid or 50 to 500 micromolar indole-3-acetic acid. Epinasty was not induced without auxin or by the auxin analog beta-naphthalene acetic acid, and less substantial epinasty was induced in midrib and vein se ...

12. Blockage of brassinosteroid biosynthesis and sensitivity causes dwarfism in garden pea

Author:
Nomura, T.; Nakayama, M.; Reid, J.B.; Takeuchi, Y.; Yokota, T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 31-37
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
height; plant characteristics; Pisum sativum; seedlings; shoots; brassinosteroids; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; internodes; dose response; length; dwarfing; mutants; genetic variation; chemical constituents of plants; genotype; width
Abstract:
... Endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs) in the dwarf mutants Ika and Ikb of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) and comparable wild-type plants were quantified by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring using deuterated internal standards. In young shoots of the Ikb mutant, the levels of brassinolide, castasterone, and 6-deoxocastasterone were 23-, 22-, and 9-fold lower, respectively, than those of wild-ty ...

13. Blue-light-induced shrinking of protoplasts from maize coleoptiles and its relationship to coleoptile growth

Author:
Wang, X.; Iino, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 1009-1020
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protoplasts; coleoptiles; Zea mays; dose response; volume; blue light; red light; photoreceptors
Abstract:
... Protoplasts isolated from red-light-grown maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles shrank transiently upon brief exposure (e.g. 30 s) to blue light under background irradiation with red light. The maximal volume reduction (about 4% at a saturating fluence) occurred about 5 min after blue-light stimulation. The response was prevented by the anion-channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid. ...

14. Ca2+ and calmodulin dynamics during photopolarization in Fucus serratus zygotes

Author:
Love, J.; Brownlee, C.; Trewavas, A.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 249-261
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
developmental stages; trifluoperazine; Fucus serratus; cytochalasin B; dose response; Ascophyllum; clones; gene expression; zygote; messenger RNA; lanthanum; calcium; polymerization; culture media; calmodulin; plant anatomy; chlorides; verapamil; fertilization (reproduction); light; ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid
Abstract:
... The role of Ca2+ in zygote polarization in fucoid algae (Fucus, Ascophyllum, and Pelvetia species) zygote polarization is controversial. Using a local source of Fucus serratus, we established that zygotes form a polar axis relative to unilateral light (photopolarization) between 8 and 14 h after fertilization (AF), and become committed to this polarity at approximately 15 to 18 h AF. We investigat ...

15. Cadmium-sensitive, cad1 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin deficient

Author:
Howden, R.; Goldsbrough, P.B.; Andersen, C.R.; Cobbett, C.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.4 pp. 1059-1066
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; glutathione; dose response; biosynthesis; aminoacyltransferases; phytotoxicity; alleles; chemical constituents of plants; cadmium; binding sites; mutants; phytochelatins; genetic variation; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... An allelic series of cad1, cadmium-sensitive mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, was isolated. These mutants were sensitive to cadmium to different extents and were deficient in their ability to form cadmium-peptide complexes as detected by gel-filtration chromatography. Each mutant was deficient in its ability to accumulate phytochelatins (PCs) as detected by high-performance liquid chromatography a ...

16. Cell-wall proteins induced by water deficit in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings

Author:
Covarrubias, A.A.; Ayala, J.W.; Reyes, J.L.; Hernandez, M.; Garciarrubio, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.4 pp. 1119-1128
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein synthesis; dose response; water potential; seedlings; jasmonic acid; stress response; Phaseolus vulgaris; water stress; physicochemical properties; amino acids; cell wall components; abscisic acid; protein content; roots; leaves
Abstract:
... In the last few years, much attention has been given to the role of proteins that accumulate during water deficit. In this work, we analyzed the electrophoretic patterns of basic protein extracts, enriched for a number of cell-wall proteins, from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings and 21-d-old plants subjected to water deficit. Three major basic proteins accumulated in bean seedlings exposed t ...

17. Cellulose and callose biosynthesis in higher plants. 1. Solubilization and separation of (1 leads to 3)- and (1 leads to 4)-beta-glucan synthase activities from mung bean

Author:
Kudlicka, K.; Brown, R.M. Jr.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 643-656
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
digitonin; hexosyltransferases; polypeptides; biosynthesis; dose response; callose; Vigna radiata; cellulose; cell membranes; solubility; electrophoresis; beta-glucans; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... (1 leads to 3) and (1 leads to 4)-beta-glucan synthase activities from higher plants have been physically separated by gel electrophoresis in nondenaturing conditions. The two glucan synthases show different mobilities in native polyacrylamide gels. Further separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a different polypeptide composition in these synthases. Three ...

18. Characterization of glutathione S-transferase isoforms in three maize inbred lines exhibiting differential sensitivity to alachlor

Author:
Rossini, L.; Jepson, I.; Greenland, A.J.; Sari Gorla, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.4 pp. 1595-1600
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
glutathione transferase; Zea mays; herbicide resistance; inbred lines; isozymes; enzyme activity; roots; line differences; alachlor; dose response; metabolic detoxification
Abstract:
... Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of isozymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to several xenobiotics including a number of important herbicides. Several GST isoforms have been identified in maize (Zea mays L.). In this study we focused on three isoforms, GST I, II, and IV, derived from homo- or heterodimerization of two subunits GST-29 and GST-27 which have been shown to ...

19. Cold acclimation and freezing tolerance. A complex interaction of light and temperature

Author:
Gary, G.R.; Chauvin, L.P.; Sarhan, F.; Huner, N.P.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 467-474
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
messenger RNA; dose response; redox reactions; net assimilation rate; light intensity; acclimation; Secale cereale; gene expression; transcription (genetics); frost resistance; photosynthesis; genes; temperature; plant morphology; chloroplasts
Abstract:
... By comparing growth under five different temperature and irradiance regimes (20 degrees C and 800, 250, and 50 micromoles m-2 s-1 and 5 degrees C and 250 and 50 micromoles m-2 s-1), we have examined the effects of light, temperature, and the relative reduction state of photosystem II on plant morphology, freezing tolerance (lethal temperature at which freezing injury occurs [LT50]), transcript lev ...

20. Comparison of the ability of partially N-acetylated chitosan and chitooligosaccharides to elicit resistance reactions in wheat leaves

Author:
Vander, P.; Varum, K.M.; Domard, A.; El-Gueddari, N.E.; Moerschbacher, B.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.4 pp. 1353-1359
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; leaves; plant pathogenic fungi; pathogenicity; disease resistance; chitosan; dose response; oligosaccharides; lignin; biosynthesis; polymerization
Abstract:
... Chitin, a linear polysaccharide composed of (1 leads to 4)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose (GlcNAc) residues, and chitosan, the fully or partially N-acetylated, water-soluble derivative of chitin composed of (1 leads to 4)-linked GlcNAc and 2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose (GlcN), have been proposed as elicitors of defense reactions in higher plants. We tested and compared the ...

21. Cyclic AMP as a second messenger in higher plants

Author:
Assmann, S.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.3 pp. 885-889
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant physiology; adenylate cyclase; dose response; cyclic AMP; biosynthesis; adenosine triphosphate; hydrolysis; Adenoviridae; enzyme activity; adenosine monophosphate; phosphodiesterase I

22. Desensitization and dark recovery of the photoreceptor current in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Author:
Govorunova, E.G.; Sineshchekov, O.A.; Hegemann, P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 633-642
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
dose response; calcium; photosensitivity disorders; ion transport; cell membranes; potassium; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; phototaxis; photoreceptors; light
Abstract:
... Photoexcitation of rhodopsin in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii triggers a complex of rapid bioelectric processes in the cell membrane. Photoreceptor and flagellar currents are the major components of this cascade and are the basis for the phototaxis and photoshock response, respectively. Desensitization and dark recovery of the extracellularly recorded photoreceptor current were investigated in double- ...

23. Differential ammonia-elicited changes of cytosolic pH in root hair cells of rice and maize as monitored by 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 (and -6)-carboxyfluorescein-fluorescence ratio

Author:
Kosegarten, H.; Grolig, F.; Wieneke, J.; Wilson, G.; Hoffmann, B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 451-461
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ammonia; Zea mays; dose response; fluorescein; chemical reactions; glutamine; Oryza sativa; fluorescence; glutamates; nutrient uptake; cytosol; biochemical pathways; root hairs; ligases; pH; alkalinity; measurement; enzyme activity; glutamic acid
Abstract:
... Intact hair cells of young rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize roots (Zea mays L.), grown without external nitrogen, were specifically loaded with 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5 (and -6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester to monitor fluorescence ratio cytosolic pH changes in response to external ammonia (NH4+/NH3) application. In neutral media, cytosolic pH of root hairs was 7.15 +/- 0.13 (O. sativ ...

24. Differential induction of lipoxygenase isoforms in wheat upon treatment with rust fungus elicitor, chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate

Author:
Bohland, C.; Balkenhohl, T.; Loers, G.; Feussner, I.; Grambow, H.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 679-685
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein synthesis; dose response; chitosan; seedlings; jasmonic acid; linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase; Puccinia graminis; Triticum aestivum; leaves; plant pathogenic fungi; oligosaccharides; chitin; enzyme activity; isozymes; protein composition
Abstract:
... A glycopeptide elicitor prepared from germ tubes of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & Henn (Pgt),as well as chitin oligosaccharides, chitosan, and methyl jasmonate (MJ) stimulated lipoxygenase (LOX) activity (E.C. 1.13.11.12) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Immunoblot analysis using anti-LOX antibodies revealed the induction of 92- and 103-kD LOX species after P ...

25. Dissecting the diphenylene lodonium-sensitive NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase of zucchini plasma membrane

Author:
Trost, P.; Foscarini, S.; Preger, V.; Bonora, P.; Vitale, L.; Pupillo, P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 737-746
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
dose response; hypocotyls; NADP (coenzyme); oxidoreductases; Cucurbita pepo; enzyme inhibitors; binding sites; etiolation; plasma membrane; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... Quinone oxidoreductase activities dependent on pyridine nucleotides are associated with the plasma membrane (PM) in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) hypocotyls. In the presence of NADPH, lipophilic ubiquinone homologs with up to three isoprenoid units were reduced by intact PM vesicles with a Km of 2 to 7 micromolars. Affinities for both NADPH and NADH were similar (Km of 62 and 51 micromolars, respec ...

26. Diurnal fluctuations in ethylene formation in Chenopodium rubrum

Author:
Machackova, I.; Chauvaux, N.; Dewitte, W.; Onckelen, H. van.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 981-985
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; Chenopodium rubrum; seedlings; light; dose response; ethylene; biosynthesis; diurnal variation; photoperiod; flowering; shoots; roots; quantitative analysis; malonic acid; oxidoreductases; enzyme activity; chemical constituents of plants; indole acetic acid
Abstract:
... Ethylene formation was studied in 5- to 6-d-old Chenopodium rubrum seedlings under the following light regimes: continuous light (CL), continuous darkness (CD), and alternating light/darkness (12 h of each). No significant regular oscillations in ethylene formation were found in either the CL or CD groups. In the light/dark regime, pronounced diurnal fluctuations in ethylene formation were observe ...

27. Dynamics of acetaldehyde production during anoxia and post-anoxia in red bell pepper studied by photoacoustic techniques

Author:
Zuckerman, H.; Harren, F.J.M.; Reuss, J.; Parker, D.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 925-932
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Capsicum annuum; oxygen; dose response; hypoxia; acetaldehyde; ethanol; fermentation; catalase; enzyme activity; carbon dioxide; biosynthesis; measurement; tricarboxylic acid cycle; volatile compounds; acoustic properties; stress response
Abstract:
... Acetaldehyde (AA), ethanol, and CO2 production in red bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) fruit has been measured in a continuous flow system as the fruit was switched between 20% O2 and anaerobic conditions. Minimum gas phase concentrations of 0.5 nL L-1, 10 nL L-1, and 1 mL L-1, respectively, can be detected employing a laser-based photoacoustic technique. This technique allows monitoring of low pro ...

28. Effect of O3 on hydraulic architecture in Pima cotton. Biomass allocation and water transport capacity of roots and shoots

Author:
Grantz, D.A.; Yang, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.4 pp. 1649-1657
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Gossypium barbadense; ozone; dose response; roots; shoots; leaves; dry matter partitioning; hydraulic conductivity; root pressure; leaf area; stomatal movement; transpiration; equations; translocation (plant physiology); root shoot ratio; biomass production
Abstract:
... Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. cv S-6) exhibits foliar injury and yield reduction at ambient concentrations of O3. We tested the hypotheses that O3 reduces the allocation of biomass to the root system, and that this disrupted carbohydrate allocation impairs root hydraulic capacity relative to transpiring leaf area. Both hypotheses are supported, even though leaf area development is itself re ...

29. Effect of xyloglucan oligosaccharides on growth, viscoelastic properties, and long-term extension of pea shoots

Author:
Cutillas-Iturralde, A.; Lorences, E.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 103-109
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Pisum sativum; shoots; internodes; length; cell walls; growth regulators; xyloglucans; oligosaccharides; dose response; pH; temperature
Abstract:
... The growth-promoting effect of xyloglucan-derived oligosaccharides was investigated using a bioassay with entire pea (Pisum sativum L., var Alaska) shoots. After a 24-h incubation period at 25 degrees C, xyloglucan oligosaccharide (XGO) solutions with concentrations of 10(-6) M notably increased the growth rate of pea shoots whereas the same oligosaccharides at 10(-7) M were less effective. To inv ...

30. Effects of iron excess on Nicotiana plumbaginifolia plants. Implications to oxidative stress

Author:
Kampfenkel, K.; Montagu, M. van.; Inze, D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.3 pp. 725-735
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
gas exchange; photoinhibition; cytosol; light intensity; Nicotiana plumbaginifolia; metabolites; glutathione; dose response; fluorescence; iron; hexoses; oxygen; leaves; quantitative analysis; NADP-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; photorespiration; superoxide dismutase; net assimilation rate; oxidants; enzyme activity; antioxidants; ascorbic acid; phytotoxicity; thylakoids; catalase; photosystem II; chemical constituents of plants; chlorophyll
Abstract:
... Fe excess is believed to generate oxidativestress. To contribute to the understanding of Fe metabolism, Fe excess was induced in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia grown in hydroponic culture upon root cutting. Toxicity symptoms leading to brown spots covering the leaf surface became visible after 6 h. Photosynthesis was greatly affected within 12 h; the photosynthetic rate was decreased by 40%. Inhibition ...

31. Effects of osmoprotectants upon NaCl stress in rice

Author:
Garcia, A.B.; Almeida Engler, J. de.; Iyer, S.; Gerats, T.; Montagu, M. van.; Caplan, A.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 159-169
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
salt tolerance; biosynthesis; dose response; quantitative analysis; salinity; Oryza sativa; osmotic pressure; developmental stages; proline; stress response; trehalose; gene expression; genetic markers; genes; sodium chloride; chlorophyll; roots; leaves
Abstract:
... Plants accumulate a number of osmoprotective substances in response to NaCl stress, one of them being proline (Pro). While characterizing some of the changes in solute accumulation in NaCl-stressed rice (Oryza sativa L.), we identified several other potential osmoprotectants. One such substance, trehalose, begins to accumulate in small amounts in roots after 3 d. We performed a series of experimen ...

32. Electric signaling and Pin2 gene expression on different abiotic stimuli depend on a distinct threshold level of endogenous abscisic acid in several abscisic acid-deficient tomato mutants

Author:
Herde, O.; Cortes, H.P.; Wasternack, C.; Willmitzer, L.; Fisahn, J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.119 no.1 pp. 213-218
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; proteinase inhibitors; genes; gene expression; jasmonic acid; dose response; abscisic acid; electric current; measurement; membrane potential; mutants; genetic variation; stress response
Abstract:
... Experiments were performed on three abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) mutants, notabilis, flacca, and sitiens, to investigate the role of ABA and jasmonic acid (IA) in the generation of electrical signals and Pin2 (proteinase inhibitor II) gene expression. We selected these mutants because they contain different levels of endogenous ABA. ABA levels in the mutant ...

33. Ethylene emission and responsiveness to applied ethylene vary among Poa species that inherently differ in leaf elongatoin rates

Author:
Fiorani, F.; Bogemann, G.M.; Visser, E.J.W.; Lambers, H.; Voesenek, L.A.C.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.129 no.3 pp. 1382-1390
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Poa annua; Poa trivialis; Poa alpina; Poa compressa; leaves; shoots; plant development; ethylene; dose response; diurnal variation; kinetics; emissions
Abstract:
... A plant's ability to produce and respond to ethylene is essential for its vegetative growth. We studied whole-shoot ethylene emission and leaf growth responses to applied ethylene in four Poa spp. that differ inherently in leaf elongation rate and whole-plant relative growth rate. Compared with the fast-growing Poa annua and Poa trivialis, the shoots of the slow-growing species Poa alpina and Poa ...

34. Evidence that auxin-induced growth of tobacco leaf tissues does not involve cell wall acidification

Author:
Keller, C.P.; Van Volkenburgh, E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.2 pp. 557-564
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; leaves; epinasty; dose response; cell walls; acidification; proton pump; osmotic pressure; measurement; membrane potential; pH; naphthaleneacetic acid; plasma membrane; ion exchange; fusicoccin
Abstract:
... Interveinal strips (10 x 1.5 mm) excised from growing tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi) leaves have an auxin-specific, epinastic growth response that is developmentally regulated and is not the result of ethylene induction (C.P. Keller, E. Van Volkenburgh [1997] Plant Physiol 113:603-610). We report here that auxin (10 micromolar naphthalene acetic acid) treatment of strips does not result ...

35. Expression of NADH-specific and NAD(P)H-bispecific nitrate reductase genes in response to nitrate in barley

Author:
Sueyoshi, K.; Kleinhofs, A.; Warner, R.L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.4 pp. 1303-1311
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; seedlings; roots; leaves; gene expression; genes; genetic code; nitrate reductase; enzyme activity; xylem; sap; nitrates; dose response; genetic variation; mutants; DNA probes; NADP (coenzyme); NAD (coenzyme)
Abstract:
... Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has two, differentially regulated, nitrate reductase (NR) genes, one encoding the NADH-specific NR (Nar1) and the other encoding the NAD(P)H-bispecific NR (Nar7). Regulation of the two NR genes by nitrate was investigated in wild-type Steptoe and in an NADH-specific NR structural gene mutant (Az12). Gene-specific probes were used to estimate NADH and NAD(P)H NR mRNAs. T ...

36. Extending the microtubule/microfibril paradigm: Cellulose synthesis is required for normal cortical microtubule alignment in elongating cells

Author:
Fisher, D.D.; Cyr, R.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.3 pp. 1043-1051
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cortex; protoplasts; cell wall components; biosynthesis; dose response; cell growth; tubulin; polymerization; developmental stages; cellulose; isoxaben; Nicotiana tabacum; microtubules; plasma membrane; cell suspension culture
Abstract:
... The cortical microtubule array provides spatial information to the cellulose-synthesizing machinery within the plasma membrane of elongating cells. Until now data indicated that information is transferred from organized cortical microtubules to the cellulose-synthesizing complex, which results in the deposition of ordered cellulosic walls. How cortical microtubules become aligned is unclear. The l ...

37. Extracellular matrix assembly in diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). II. 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile inhibition of motility and stalk production in the marine diatom Achnanthes longipes

Author:
Wang, Y.; Lu, J.; Mollet, J.C.; Gretz, M.R.; Hoagland, K.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1071-1080
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
nitrile herbicides; biosynthesis; dose response; plant anatomy; developmental stages; adhesion; polymers; immunocytochemistry; Bacillariophyta
Abstract:
... The cellulose synthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) and the DCB analogs 2-chloro-6-fluorobenzonitrile, 3-amino-2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, and 5-dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl-(3-cyano-2, 4-dichloro)aniline (DCBF) inhibited extracellular adhesive production in the marine diatom Achnanthes longipes resulting in a loss of motility and a lack of permanent adhesion. The effect was ful ...

38. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is an allosteric activator of pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase

Author:
Nielsen, T.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.1 pp. 69-73
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seedlings; Hordeum vulgare; leaves; protein composition; fructose-bisphosphatase; pyrophosphatases; fructose 6-phosphate; phosphotransferases (phosphomutases); dose response; metabolites; chemical reactions; etiolation; catalytic activity
Abstract:
... The activity of highly purified pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (PFP) from barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves was studied under conditions where the catalyzed reaction was allowed to approach equilibrium. The activity of PFP was monitored by determining the changes in the levels of fructose-6-phosphate, orthophosphate, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-bisP). Under these ...

39. Gas exchange and C allocation in Dunaliella salina cells in response to the N source and CO2 concentration used for growth

Author:
Giordano, M.; Bowes, G.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1049-1056
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Dunaliella; cultured cells; cell growth; photosynthesis; net assimilation rate; light; nitrogen; carbon dioxide; dose response; culture media; ammonia; nitrates; cell division; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; carbonate dehydratase; enzyme activity; protein synthesis; chlorophyll; beta-carotene; osmotic pressure; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... The halotolerant alga Dunaliella salina was cultured on 10 mM NH4+ or NO3- with air CO2 or 5% (v/v) CO2. Cells grown on NH4+ rather than NO3- were up to 17% larger in volume but had similar division rates. The photosynthetic K0.5 of dissolved inorganic C per cell was reduced, but the light- and CO2-saturated photosynthesis, dark respiration, and light-independent fixation rates were increased. The ...

40. Gene-expression patterns and levels of jasmonic acid in rice treated with the resistance inducer 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid

Author:
Schweizer, P.; Buchala, A.; Metraux, J.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 61-70
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
pathogenesis-related proteins; protein synthesis; dose response; quantitative analysis; Oryza sativa; jasmonic acid; linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase; Pseudomonas syringae; pathogenicity; gene expression; plant pathogenic fungi; disease resistance; genes; Magnaporthe grisea; chemical constituents of plants; niacin; enzyme activity; leaves
Abstract:
... Acquired disease resistance can be induced in rice (Oryza sativa) by a number of synthetic or natural compounds, but the molecular mechanisms behind the phenomenon are poorly understood. One of the synthetic inducers of resistance, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), efficiently protected rice leaves from infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr. A comparison of gene-ex ...

41. Gibberellin dose-response curves and the characterization of dwarf mutants of barley

Author:
Chandler, P.M.; Robertson, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.120 no.2 pp. 623-632
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; gibberellins; dose response; dwarfing; mutants; leaves; quantitative analysis; biosynthesis; alpha-amylase; aleurone layer; epistasis; genes; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Dose-response curves relating gibberellin (GA) concentration to the maximal leaf-elongation rate (LER(max)) defined three classes of recessive dwarf mutants in the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) 'Himalaya.' The first class responded to low (10(-8)-10(-6) M) [GA(3)] (as did the wildtype). These grd (GA-responsive dwarf) mutants are likely to be GA-biosynthesis mutants. The second class of mutants, gse ...

42. Growth and N allocation in rice plants under CO2 enrichment

Author:
Makino, A.; Harada, M.; Sato, T.; Nakano, H.; Mae, T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 199-203
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Oryza sativa; leaves; roots; nitrogen; dose response; nutrient uptake; nutrient transport; photoperiod; night temperature; biomass; leaf area index; nitrogen content; carbon dioxide
Abstract:
... The effects of CO2 enrichment on growth and N allocation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were examined. The plants were grown hydroponically in growth chambers with a 14-h photoperiod (1000 micromole quanta m-2 s-1) and a day/night temperature of 25/20 degrees C. From the 28th to 70th d after germination, the plants were exposed to two CO2 partial pressures, namely 36 and 100 Pa. The CO2 enrichment incr ...

43. Growth, water relations, and accumulation of organic and inorganic solutes in roots of maize seedlings during salt stress

Author:
Gonzalez Rodriguez, H.; Roberts, J.K.M.; Jordan, W.R.; Drew, M.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 881-893
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
salt tolerance; root tips; Zea mays; dose response; biosynthesis; cell growth; salinity; seedlings; organic compounds; osmotic pressure; stress response; vacuoles; cell division; solutes; plant-water relations; sodium chloride; measurement
Abstract:
... Seedlings of maize (Zea mays L. cv Pioneer 3906), hydroponically grown in the dark, were exposed to NaCl either gradually (salt acclimation) or in one step (salt shock). In the salt-acclimation treatment, root extension was indistinguishable from that of unsalinized controls for at least 6 d at concentrations up to 100 mM NaCl. By contrast, salt shock rapidly inhibited extension, followed by a gra ...

44. Heat denaturation profiles of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and Rubisco activase and the inability of Rubisco activase to restore activity of heat-denatured Rubisco

Author:
Eckardt, N.A.; Portis, A.R. Jr.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 243-248
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant physiology; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; enzyme activity; dose response; chloroplasts; plant proteins; enzyme inhibitors; heat treatment; denaturation; temperature; dithiothreitol
Abstract:
... We compared the heat-denaturation profiles of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and Rubisco activase and further examined the ability of Rubisco activase to restore the activity of heat-denatured Rubisco originally reported (E. Sanchez de Jimenez, L. Medrano, and E. Martinez-Barajas [1995] Biochemistry 34: 2826-2831). Rubisco was heat-treated in both the carbamylated and un ...

45. Heat-shock-induced changes in intracellular Ca2+ level in tobacco seedlings in relation to thermotolerance

Author:
Gong, M.; Luit, A.H. van der.; Knight, M.R.; Trewavas, A.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.1 pp. 429-437
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ethylene; dose response; quantitative analysis; heat tolerance; seedlings; calcium; transgenic plants; stress response; heat stress; gene expression; Nicotiana tabacum; chemical constituents of plants; chloroplasts
Abstract:
... Exposure of plants to elevated temperatures results in a complex set of changes in gene expression that induce thermotolerance and improve cellular survival to subsequent stress. Pretreatmentof young tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia) seedlings with Ca2+ or ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N,N', N'-tetraacetic acid enhanced or diminished subsequent thermotolerance, respectively, compar ...

46. Histone hyperacetylation in maize in response to treatment with HC-toxin or infection by the filamentous fungus Cochliobolus carbonum

Author:
Ransom, R.F.; Walton, J.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1021-1027
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; dose response; histones; embryo (plant); genetic variation; developmental stages; enzyme inhibitors; mycotoxins; pathogenicity; Bipolaris zeicola; plant pathogenic fungi; acetylation; inbred lines; pathogenesis; plant morphology; genotype; isozymes; leaves; tissue culture
Abstract:
... HC-toxin, the host-selective toxin produced by the filamentous fungus Cochliobolus carbonum, inhibits maize (Zea mays L.) histone deacetylases (HDs) in vitro. Here we show that HDs are also inhibited by HC-toxin in vivo, as demonstrated by the accumulation of hyperacetylated forms of the core (nucleosomal) histones H3.1, H3.2, H3.3, and H4 in both maize embryos and tissue cultures. Hyperacetylatio ...

47. Hormonal control of parthenocarpic ovary growth by the apical shoot in pea

Author:
Rodrigo, M.J.; Garcia-Martinez, J.L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.2 pp. 511-518
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Pisum sativum; gynoecium; abscisic acid; gibberellic acid; dose response; quantitative analysis; pollination; parthenocarpy; apical meristems; decapitation; nutrient transport; benzoic acid; chemical constituents of plants; indole acetic acid
Abstract:
... The role of the apical shoot as a source of inhibitors preventing fruit growth in the absence of a stimulus (e.g. pollination or application of gibberellic acid) has been investigated in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plant decapitation stimulated parthenocarpic growth, even in derooted plants, and this effect was counteracted by the application of indole acetic acid (IAA) or abscisic acid (ABA) in agar ...

48. Hormonal regulation of dormancy in developing sorghum seeds

Author:
Steinbach, H.S.; Benech-Arnold, R.L.; Sanchez, R.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 149-154
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Sorghum bicolor; seed development; seed dormancy; seed germination; abscisic acid; gibberellic acid; biosynthesis; fluridone; paclobutrazol; dose response; cultivars; genetic variation; pollination; genotype; biological resistance
Abstract:
... The role of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) in determining the dormancy level of developing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench.) seeds from varieties presenting contrasting preharvest sprouting behavior (Redland B2,susceptible; IS 9530, resistant) was investigated. Panicles from both varieties were sprayed soon after pollination with fluridone or paclobutrazol to inhibit ABA and GA ...

49. Hydrogen peroxide stimulates salicylic acid biosynthesis in tobacco

Author:
Leon, J.; Lawton, M.A.; Raskin, I.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.4 pp. 1673-1678
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
biosynthesis; dose response; application rate; free radicals; catalase; hydrogen peroxide; enzyme inhibitors; Nicotiana tabacum; salicylic acid; oxygen; benzoic acid; enzyme activity; oxygenases; defense mechanisms
Abstract:
... Hydrogen peroxide induced the accumulation of free benzoic acid (BA) and salicylic acid (SA) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi-nc) leaves. Six hours after infiltration with 300 mM H2O2, the levels of BA and SA in leaves increased 5-fold over the levels detected in control leaves. The accumulation of BA and SA was preceded by the rapid activation of benzoic acid 2-hydroxylase (BA2H) in the ...

50. Identification and characterization of linoleic acid as an endogenous modulator of in vitro N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding

Author:
Suttle, J.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 519-525
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
naphthalene; linoleic acid; in vitro culture; dose response; nutrient transport; microsomes; phthalates; auxins; binding sites; epicotyls; structure-activity relationships; chemical constituents of plants; Pisum sativum
Abstract:
... An endogenous inhibitor of the in vitro binding of the phytotropin N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid to microsomal membranes was detected in extracts prepared from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) epicotyls. Following extensive purification, the inhibitor was identified as linoleic acid. Authentic linoleic acid inhibited N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding noncompetitively in a dose-dependent manner, ex ...

51. Identification of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase and of its autoinhibitory domain

Author:
Rasi-Caldogno, F.; Carnelli, A.; De Michelis, M.I.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.1 pp. 105-113
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
trypsin; dose response; isothiocyanates; seedlings; calcium; proteolysis; physicochemical properties; enzyme inhibitors; adenosinetriphosphatase; Raphanus sativus; plasma membrane; enzyme activity; fluorescein; calmodulin; protein composition
Abstract:
... The effect of controlled proteolysis on the plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+-ATPase was studied at the molecular level in PM purified from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings. Two new methods for labeling the PM Ca2+-ATPase are described. The PM Ca2+-ATPase can be selectively labeled by treatment with micromolar fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), a strong inhibitor of enzyme activity. Both inhibition ...

52. Importance of the chiral centers of jasmonic acid in the responses of plants. Activities and antagonism between natural and synthetic analogs

Author:
Holbrook, L.; Tung, P.; Ward, K.; Reid, D.M.; Abrams, S.; Lamb, N.; Quail, J.W.; Moloney, M.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 419-428
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Helianthus annuus; Brassica napus; measurement; chemical degradation; dose response; jasmonic acid; gene expression; Triticum aestivum; Nicotiana tabacum; esters; stereochemistry; enzyme activity; chemical structure; seed germination; transgenic plants; cotyledons; proteinase inhibitors; reporter genes; chemical constituents of plants; chlorophyll; beta-glucuronidase
Abstract:
... The importance of the two chiral centers at C-3 and C-7 in the molecular structure of jasmonic acid in plant responses was investigated. We separated methyl jasmonate (MeJA) into (3R)- and (3S)-isomers with a fixed stereochemistry at C-3, but epimerization at C-7 is possible. The four isomers of the nonepimerizable analog 7-methyl MeJA were synthesized. These six esters and their corresponding aci ...

53. Increase in the quantum yield of photoinhibition contributes to copper toxicity in vivo

Author:
Patsikka, E.; Aro, E.M.; Tyystjarvi, E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.2 pp. 619-627
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein synthesis; dose response; quantitative analysis; copper; phytotoxicity; thylakoids; gas exchange; fluorescence; chemical constituents of plants; photoinhibition; light intensity; Phaseolus vulgaris; lincomycin; photosystem II; kinetics; chlorophyll; oxygen; leaves
Abstract:
... The effect of copper on photoinhibition of photosystem II in vivo was studied in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Dufrix). The plants were grown hydroponically in the presence of various concentrations of Cu2+ ranging from the optimum 0.3 micromolar (control) to 15 micromolar. The copper concentration of leaves varied according to the nutrient medium from a control value of 13 mg kg-1 dry weight to ...

54. Indole-3-acetic acid controls cambial growth in Scots pine by positional signaling

Author:
Uggla, C.; Mellerowicz, E.J.; Sundberg, B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.1 pp. 113-121
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cell differentiation; dose response; cell growth; developmental stages; cell division; Pinus sylvestris; indole acetic acid; width; cambium; xylem; wood anatomy
Abstract:
... The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem in plants and is responsible for wood formation in forest trees. In this study we used a microscale mass-spectrometry technique coupled with cryosectioning to visualize the radial concentration gradient of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) across the cambial meristem and the differentiating derivatives in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) ...

55. Induction and regulation of expression of a low-CO2-induced mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Author:
Eriksson, M.; Villand, P.; Gardestrom, P.; Samuelsson, G.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.2 pp. 637-641
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
carbon dioxide; carbonate dehydratase; acetates; dose response; messenger RNA; light intensity; mitochondria; red light; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... The time course of and the influence of light intensity and light quality on the induction of a mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was characterized using western and northern blots. This CA was expressed only under low-CO2 conditions (ambient air). In asynchronously grown cells, the mRNA was detected 15 min after transfer from air contain ...

56. Induction of CO2 and bicarbonate transport in the green alga Chlorella ellipsoidea. II. Evidence for induction in response to external CO2 concentration

Author:
Matsuda, Y.; Colman, B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.1 pp. 253-260
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
carbon dioxide; nutrient transport; dose response; gas exchange; bicarbonates; pH; air; Chlorella ellipsoidea; measurement; oxygen; light
Abstract:
... The critical species and concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) required for the induction of DIC transport during adaptation to low CO2 were determined for the green alga Chlorella ellipsoidea. The concentration of dissolved CO2 needed for the induction of both CO2 and HCO3- transport was independent of pH during adaptation, whereas the total DIC concentration required increased at al ...

57. Induction of anthocyanin accumulation by cytokinins in Arabidopsis thaliana

Author:
Deikman, J.; Hammer, P.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.1 pp. 47-57
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; anthocyanins; biosynthesis; light; benzyladenine; ethylene; dose response; biochemical pathways; genetic markers; messenger RNA; quantitative analysis; genes; gene expression; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; chalcone isomerase; flavonols; oxidoreductases; enzyme activity; circadian rhythm; diurnal variation; transcription (genetics); naringenin-chalcone synthase
Abstract:
... Arabidopsis thaliana plants treated with exogenous cytokinins accumulate anthocyanin pigments. We have characterized this response because it is potentially useful as a genetic marker for cytokinin responsiveness. Levels of mRNAs for four genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, phenylalanine ammonia lyase 1 (PAL1), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and dihydroflavonol reduc ...

58. Inhibition of blue-light dependent H+ pumping by abscisic acid in Vicia guard-cell protoplasts

Author:
Goh, C.H.; Kinoshita, T.; Oku, T.; Shimazaki, K.I.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.111 no.2 pp. 433-440
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Vicia faba; guard cells; protoplasts; proton pump; blue light; ion transport; abscisic acid; dose response; pH; adenosinetriphosphatase; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibitors; stomatal movement; transpiration; drought; stress response; fusicoccin
Abstract:
... Blue-light (BL)-dependent H+ pumping in guard-cell protoplasts (GCPs) from Vicia faba was inhibited by 65% in the presence of abscisic acid (ABA). The inhibition increased with the time after application of ABA and was concentration dependent with a saturating concentration of 1 micromolar at pH 6.2. The inhibition was nearly independent of the pH of the medium in the range 5.4 to 7.2 when ABA was ...

59. Inhibition of maize root H+-ATPase by fluoride and fluoroaluminate complexes

Author:
Facanha, A.R.; Meis, L. de.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.1 pp. 241-246
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; roots; adenosinetriphosphatase; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibitors; fluorides; aluminum; dose response; ion transport; measurement; proton pump; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... Vesicles derived from maize roots retain a membrane-bound H+-ATPase that is able to pump H+ at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. The H+ pumping and the ATPase activity of these vesicles are inhibited by lithium fluoride and by the complex formed between fluoride and aluminum. The inhibition promoted by lithium fluoride increases as the MgCl2 concentration in the medium is increased from 2 to 20 mM. T ...

60. Inhibitory regulation of higher-plant myosin by Ca2+ ions

Author:
Yokota, E.; Muto, S.; Shimmen, T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.119 no.1 pp. 231-239
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Lilium longiflorum; pollen tubes; myosin; adenosinetriphosphatase; enzyme activity; calcium; dose response; cytoplasm; Crassulacean acid metabolism; chemical constituents of plants; cytoplasmic streaming
Abstract:
... Myosin isolated from the pollen tubes of lily (Lilium longiflorum) is composed of a 170-kD heavy chain (E. Yokota and T. Shimmen [1994] Protoplasma 177:153-162). Both the motile activity in vitro and the F-actin-stimulated ATPase activity of this myosin were inhibited by Ca2+ at concentrations higher than 10(-6) M. In the Ca2+ range between 10(-6) and 10(-5), inhibition of the motile activity was ...

61. Inorganic carbon accumulation stimulates linear electron flow to artificial electron acceptors of photosystem I in air-grown cells of the cyanobacterium synechococcus UTEX 625

Author:
Li, Q.L.; Canvin, D.T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1273-1281
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Synechococcus; cultured cells; light intensity; photosystem I; photosystem II; glycols; aldehydes; carbon; inorganic compounds; dose response; nutrient transport; oxygen; gas exchange; aerobic conditions; anaerobic conditions; light harvesting complex; electron transfer
Abstract:
... The effect of inorganic carbon (Ci) transport and accumulation on photosynthetic electron transport was studied in air-grown cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 625. When the cells were depleted of Ci, linear photosynthetic electron flow was almost completely inhibited in the presence of the photosystem I (PSI) acceptor N,N-dimethyl-p-nitrosoaniline (PNDA). The addition of Ci to these c ...

62. Involvement of activated oxygen in nitrate-induced senescence of pea root nodules

Author:
Escuredo, P.R.; Minchin, F.R.; Gogorcena, Y.; Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I.; Klucas, R.V.; Becana, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.110 no.4 pp. 1187-1195
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
metabolism; nitrogen fixation; dose response; nitrogenase; gas exchange; stress response; root nodules; Pisum sativum; enzyme activity; oxygen; antioxidants; nitrates
Abstract:
... The effect of short-term nitrate application (10 mM, 0-4 d) on nitrogenase (N2ase) activity, antioxidant defenses, and related parameters was investigated in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Frilene) nodules. The response of nodules to nitrate comprised two stages. In the first stage (0-2 d), there were major decreases in N2ase activity and N2ase-linked respiration and concomitant increases in carbon cost ...

63. Involvement of ethylene in potato microtuber dormancy

Author:
Suttle, J.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.3 pp. 843-848
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ethylene; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; dose response; developmental stages; Solanum tuberosum; explants; tubers; tuber sprouting; dormancy breaking; dormancy; culture media; silver nitrate
Abstract:
... Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) single-node explants undergoing in vitro tuberization produced detectable amounts of ethylene throughout tuber development, and the resulting microtubers were completely dormant (endodormant) for at least 12 to 15 weeks. The rate of ethylene production by tuberizing explants was highest during the initial 2 weeks of in vitro culture and declined thereafter. Continuous ...

64. Involvement of thylakoid overenergization in tentoxin-induced chlorosis in Nicotiana spp

Author:
Holland, N.; Evron, Y.; Jansen, M.A.K.; Edelman, M.; Pick, U.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.3 pp. 887-892
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seedlings; plant pathogenic fungi; Nicotiana plumbaginifolia; dose response; Nicotiana tabacum; Alternaria alternata; chlorosis; oxygen; adenosinetriphosphatase; superoxide dismutase; adenosine triphosphate; pathogenicity; enzyme activity; gramicidin; ascorbic acid; biosynthesis; free radicals; thylakoids; transgenic plants; photophosphorylation; mutants
Abstract:
... The purpose of this work was to clarify the mechanism of tentoxin-induced chlorosis inNicotiana spp. seedlings. We found that chlorosis does not correlate with the inhibition of chloroplast ATP synthesis in vivo, since it occurs at tentoxin concentrations far higher than that required for the inhibition of photophosphorylation measured in the same seedlings. However, tentoxin-induced chlorosis doe ...

65. Involvement of ureides in nitrogen fixation inhibition in soybean

Author:
Serraj, R.; Vadez, V.; Denison, R.F.; Sinclair, T.R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.119 no.1 pp. 289-296
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
nitrogen fixation; Glycine max; ureides; dose response; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; stress response; root nodules; drought; acetylene; chemical constituents of plants; measurement; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... The sensitivity of N2, fixation to drought stress in soybean (Glycine max Merr.) has been shown to be associated with high ureide accumulation in the shoots, which has led to the hypothesis that N2 fixation during drought is decreased by a feedback mechanism. The ureide feedback hypothesis was tested directly by measuring the effect of 10 mM ureide applied by stem infusion or in the nutrient solut ...

66. Isoprene increases thermotolerance of isoprene-emitting species

Author:
Singsass, E.L.; Lerdau, M.; Winter, K.; Sharkey, T.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1413-1420
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Pueraria montana var. lobata; Quercus alba; Phaseolus vulgaris; leaves; heat stress; dose response; temperature; isoprenoids; quantitative analysis; chlorophyll; fluorescence; cell membranes; hydrophobicity; emissions; stress response
Abstract:
... Isoprene-emitting plants lose a large portion of their assimilated C as isoprene. Because isoprene synthesis can be regulated, it has been assumed that isoprene benefits the plant. Since the rate of isoprene emission from leaves is highly responsive to temperature, we hypothesized that isoprene benefits plants by increasing their thermotolerance. We used three methods to measure isoprene-induced t ...

67. Local and systemic responses to antioxidants to tobacco mosaic virus infection and to salicylic acid to tobacco. Role in systemic acquired resistance

Author:
Fodor, J.; Gullner, G.; Adam, A.L.; Barna, B.; Komives, T.; Kiraly, Z.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1443-1451
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
dehydroascorbic acid; necrosis; salicylic acid; Tobacco mosaic virus; glutathione; dose response; glutathione transferase; Nicotiana tabacum; disease resistance; leaves; quantitative analysis; superoxide dismutase; pathogenicity; enzyme activity; isozymes; antioxidants; ascorbic acid; glutathione-disulfide reductase; catalase; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Changes in ascorbate and glutathione levels and in activitiesof ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-inoculated lower leaves and in noninoculated upper leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi-nc. In separate experiments the effec ...

68. Magnesium adenosine 5'-triphosphate-energized transport of glutathione-S-conjugates by plant vacuolar membrane vesicles

Author:
Li, Z.S.; Zhao, Y.; Rea, P.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.4 pp. 1257-1268
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
adenosine; ion transport; vacuoles; cytosol; measurement; glutathione; dose response; nutrient uptake; phosphates; Arabidopsis thaliana; Zea mays; nutrient transport; Vigna radiata; translocation (plant physiology); vanadium; hydrolysis; Beta vulgaris; magnesium; biochemical pathways; tonoplast; ammonium chloride
Abstract:
... By characterization of the uptake of glutathione-S-conjugates, principally dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-GS), by vacuolar membrane vesicles, we demonstrate that a subset of energy-dependent transport processes in plants are not H+-coupled but instead are directly energized by MgATP. The most salient features of this transport pathway are: (a) its specific, obligate requirement for MgATP as ener ...

69. Methyl jasmonate induces lauric acid omega-hydroxylase activity and accumulation of CYP94A1 transcripts but does not affect epoxide hydrolase activities in Vicia sativa seedlings

Author:
Pinot, F.; Benveniste, I.; Salaun, J.P.; Durst, F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.4 pp. 1481-1486
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Vicia sativa; seedlings; cytochrome P-450; stearic acid; hydrolysis; dodecanoic acid; oxygenases; epoxide hydrolase; enzyme activity; jasmonic acid; dose response; chemical constituents of plants; transcription (genetics); etiolation
Abstract:
... Treatment of etiolated Vicia sativa seedlings by the plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MetJA) led to an increase of cytochrome P450 content. Seedlings that were treated for 48 h in a 1 mM solution of MetJA stimulated omega-hydroxylation of 12:0 (lauric acid) 14-fold compared with the control (153 versus 11 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively). Induction was dose dependent. The increase of acti ...

70. Nitrogenase activity is affected by reduced partial pressures of N2 and NO3-

Author:
Blumenthal, J.M.; Russelle, M.P.; Vance, C.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1405-1412
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
nitrogen fixation; dose response; symbiosis; nitrogen; Medicago sativa; Ensifer meliloti; ion transport; nitrogenase; enzyme activity; nitrates; measurement
Abstract:
... Optimal use of legumes in cropping systems requires a thorough understanding of the interaction between inorganic N nutrition and symbiotic N2 fixation. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that increased NO3(-) uptake by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) would compensate for lower N2 fixation caused by low partial pressure of N2. Root systems of hydroponically grown alfalfa at 2 mg L-1 NO3(-)-N we ...

71. Opposite effects on Spodoptera littoralis larvae of high expression level on a trypsin proteinase inhibitor in transgenic plants

Author:
De Leo, F.; Bonade-Bottino, M.A.; Ceci, L.R.; Gallerani, R.; Jouanin, L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.3 pp. 997-1004
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; insect pests; dose response; Spodoptera littoralis; trypsin inhibitors; transgenic plants; gene expression; Nicotiana tabacum; larvae; pest resistance; leaves
Abstract:
... This work illustrates potential adverse effects linked with the expression of proteinase inhibitor (PI) in plants used as a strategy to enhance pest resistance. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi) and Arabidopsis [Heynh.] ecotype Wassilewskija) transgenic plants expressing the mustard trypsin PI 2 (MTI-2) at different level were obtained. First-instar larvae of the Egyptian cotton worm (Spodo ...

72. Parallel changes in H2O2 and catalase during thermotolerance induced by salicylic acid or heat acclimation in mustard seedlings

Author:
Dat, J.F.; Lopez-Delgado, H.; Foyer, C.H.; Scott, I.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.4 pp. 1351-1357
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Sinapis alba; seedlings; heat stress; hydrogen peroxide; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; catalase; enzyme activity; heat tolerance; salicylic acid; dose response; acclimation; stress response
Abstract:
... Spraying mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings with salicylic acid (SA) solutions between 10 and 500 micromolar significantly improved their tolerance to a subsequent heat shock at 55 degrees C for 1.5 h. The effects of SA were concentration dependent, with higher concentrations failing to induce thermotolerance. The time course of thermotolerance induced by 100 micromolar SA was similar to that obt ...

73. Partitioning of electrons between the cytochrome and alternatives pathways in intact roots

Author:
Atkin, O.K.; Villar, R.; Lambers, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.3 pp. 1179-1183
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Poa pratensis; Poa compressa; dose response; electron transfer; Phaseolus vulgaris; Poa trivialis; Poa alpina; cytochromes; potassium cyanide; Festuca ovina; salicylic acid; hydroxamic acids; measurement; roots
Abstract:
... To test the hypothesis that the cytochrome pathway is not invariably saturated when the alternative pathway is engaged, we titrated root respiration of several species with KCN (an inhibitor of the cytochrome pathway), both in the absence and presence of an inhibitor of the alternative pathway (salicylhydroxamic acid, SHAM). The slopes of the resultant KCN rho plots (rho cyt) were then used to det ...

74. Photosynthesis and carbohydrate partitioning for the C3 desert shrub Encelia farinosa under current and doubled CO2 concentrations

Author:
Zhang, H.; Nobel, P.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.110 no.4 pp. 1361-1366
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Encelia; photosynthesis; leaves; fructose; glucose; sucrose; starch; nutrient transport; source-sink relationships; dose response; net assimilation rate; diurnal variation; acclimation; carbon; radiolabeling; chemical constituents of plants; translocation (plant physiology); carbon dioxide; xerophytes; photosynthates
Abstract:
... Changes in photosynthesis (A) and carbohydrate partitioning were studied for Encelia farinosa, a common C3 desert shrub in the southwestern United States, after a 3-month exposure to the current or a doubled CO2 concentration (750 microliter L-1). A remained unchanged under the current CO2 concentration but decreased during the day under the doubled CO2 concentration, resulting in a 46% enhancemen ...

75. Photosynthesis in salt-adapted heterotrophic tobacco cells and regenerated plants

Author:
Locy, R.D.; Chang, C.C.; Nielsen, B.L.; Singh, N.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.110 no.1 pp. 321-328
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
gas exchange; dose response; starch; Nicotiana tabacum; oxygen; adenosinetriphosphatase; quantitative analysis; sucrose; sodium chloride; enzyme activity; culture media; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; salt tolerance; salinity; thylakoids; photophosphorylation; cultured cells; chemical constituents of plants; chlorophyll; light
Abstract:
... Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cells growing heterotrophically in the light on supplied sucrose (SO) have previously been adapted to grow in 428 mM NaCl (S25). Among the changes occurring in salinity-adapted cell cultures are (a) elevated levels of chlorophyll compared to unadapted cells; (b) decreased levels of starch; (c) alterations in chloroplast ultrastructure, including loss of starch grains ...

76. Photosystem II excitation pressure and development of resistance to photoinhibition. I. Light-harvesting complex II abundance and zeaxanthin content in Chlorella vulgaris

Author:
Maxwell, D.P.; Falk, S.; Huner, N.P.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.3 pp. 687-694
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Chlorella vulgaris; photosystem II; net assimilation rate; temperature; light intensity; dose response; photoinhibition; zeaxanthin; chlorophyll; fluorescence; measurement; light harvesting complex; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... The basis of the increased resistance to photoinhibition upon growth at low temperature was investigated. Photosystem II (PSII) excitation pressure was estimated in vivo as 1 - qP (photochemical quenching). We established that Chlorella vulgaris exposed to either 5 degrees C/150 micromoles m-2 s-1 or 27 degrees C/2200 micromoles m-2 s-1 experienced a high PSII excitation pressure of 0.70 to 0.75. ...

77. Photosystem II excitation pressure and development of resistance to photoinhibition. II. Adjustment of photosynthetic capacity in winter wheat and winter rye

Author:
Gray, G.R.; Savitch, L.V.; Ivanov, A.G.; Huner, N.P.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.110 no.1 pp. 61-71
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; winter wheat; Secale cereale; photosystem II; photoinhibition; solar radiation; dose response; temperature; net assimilation rate; chlorophyll; hexosyltransferases; enzyme activity; lutein; cultivars; genetic variation; light harvesting complex; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Monopol), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Katepwa), and winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv Musketeer) grown at 5 degrees C and moderate irradiance (250 micromoles m-2 s-1) (5/250) exhibit an increased tolerance to photoinhibition at low temperature in comparison to plants grown at 20 degrees C and 250 micromoles m-2 s-1 (20/250). However, 5/250 plants exhi ...

78. Photosystem II excitation pressure and photosynthetic carbon metabolism in Chlorella vulgaris

Author:
Savitch, L.V.; Maxwell, D.P.; Huner, N.P.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.111 no.1 pp. 127-136
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
temperature; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; solar radiation; dose response; quantitative analysis; cell growth; photosynthates; fluorescence; fructose-bisphosphatase; metabolites; photosystem II; Chlorella vulgaris; measurement; chlorophyll; enzyme activity; sucrose synthase
Abstract:
... Chlorella vulgaris grown at 5 degrees C/150 micromoles m-2 s-1 mimics cells grown under high irradiance (27 degrees C/2200 micromoles m-2 s-1). This has been rationalized through the suggestion that both populations of cells were exposed to comparable photosystem II (PSII) excitation pressures measured as the chlorophyll a fluorescence quenching parameter, 1 - qP (D.P. Maxwell, S. Falk, N.P.A. Hun ...

79. Plasma membrane redox enzyme is involved in the synthesis of O2- and H2O2 by Phytophthora elicitor-stimulated rose cells

Author:
Auh, C.K.; Murphy, T.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.4 pp. 1241-1247
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Rosa damascena; cultured cells; Phytophthora; plant extracts; dose response; plant pathogenic fungi; disease resistance; biosynthesis; oxygen; gas exchange; peroxides; superoxide dismutase; enzyme activity; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... An elicitor prepared from the autoclaved cell walls of Phytophthora sp. induced O2- generation and H2O2 accumulation by cultured cells of Rosa damascena Mill. cv Gloire de Guilan. N,N-Diethyldithiocarbamate, a superoxide dismutase inhibitor, blocked H2O2 accumulation and caused a dramatic accumulation of O2- by elicitor-treated rose cells. In the absence of N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate no detectable ...

80. Preincubation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with genistein accelerates nodule development of soybean at suboptimal root zone temperatures

Author:
Zhang, F.; Smith, D.L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.3 pp. 961-968
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; Bradyrhizobium; symbiosis; root nodules; nodulation; genistein; dose response; root zone temperature; nitrogen fixation; gene expression; genes; pathogenicity
Abstract:
... In the soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) N2-fixing symbiosis, suboptimal root zone temperatures (RZTs) slow nodule development, especially at temperatures below 17 degrees C. A step in the infection process that occurs within the first 24 h is particularly sensitive to suboptimal RZT. The first phase in the establishment of the soybean-Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiosis is the exchange of recogniti ...

81. Pretreatment of parsley suspension cultures with salicylic acid enhances spontaneous and elicited production of H2O2

Author:
Kauss, H.; Jeblick, W.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.3 pp. 1171-1178
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Petroselinum crispum; cell suspension culture; pretreatment; biosynthesis; hydrogen peroxide; salicylic acid; dose response
Abstract:
... Suspension-cultured cells of parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) were used to study the regulation of extracellular H2O2. After resuspension, the washed cells regulated the H2O2 concentration spontaneously to a constant level that was greatly increased when the cultures were pretreated for 1 d with salicylic acid (SA). The H2O2 level was further increased on addition of a fungal elicitor preparation ...

82. Products of proline catabolism can induce osmotically regulated genes in rice

Author:
Iyer, S.; Caplan, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.1 pp. 203-211
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Oryza sativa; osmotic pressure; genes; roots; metabolites; dose response; proline; gene expression; leaves; NAD (coenzyme); quantitative analysis; glutamine; adenosylmethionine; sodium chloride; carboxylic acids; protein synthesis; biosynthesis; stress response; NADP (coenzyme); osmoregulation; abscisic acid
Abstract:
... Many plants accumulate high levels of free proline (Pro) in response to osmotic stress. This imino acid is widely believed to function as a protector or stabilizer of enzymes or membrane structures that are sensitive to dehydration or ionically induced damage. The present study provides evidence that the synthesis of Pro may have an additional effect. We found that intermediates in Pro biosynthesi ...

83. Quantum yields and rate constants of photochemical and nonphotochemical excitation quenching. Experiment and model

Author:
Laisk, A.; Oja, V.; Rasulov, B.; Eichelmann, H.; Sumberg, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 803-815
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Helianthus annuus; ion transport; light intensity; photoinhibition; measurement; carbon dioxide; dose response; Gossypium hirsutum; light harvesting complex; electron transfer; Sorghum bicolor; Nicotiana tabacum; leaves; Amaranthus cruentus; mathematical models; equations; net assimilation rate; temperature; prediction; cytochrome b
Abstract:
... Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench.), amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.), and cytochrome b6f complex-deficient transgenic tobacco leaves were used to test the response of plants exposed to different light intensities and CO2 concentrations before and after photoinhibition at 4000 micromoles photons m-2 s- ...

84. Regulation of leaf senescence by cytokinin, sugars, and light. Effects on NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase

Author:
Wingler, A.; Schaewen, A. von.; Leegood, R.C.; Lea, P.J.; Quick, W.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.1 pp. 329-335
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; protein synthesis; dose response; NAD (coenzyme); pyruvic acid; chemical constituents of plants; glucose; transgenic plants; light intensity; oxidoreductases; cytokinins; Nicotiana tabacum; fructose; photosynthesis; enzyme activity; leaves
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between cytokinin, sugar repression, and light in the senescence-related decline in photosynthetic enzymes of leaves. In transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants that induce the production of cytokinin in senescing tissue, the age-dependent decline in NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase ...

85. Regulation of nitrite reductase activity under CO2 limitation in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7942

Author:
Suzuki, I.; Sugiyama, T.; Omata, T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.3 pp. 791-796
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Synechococcus; nitrite reductase; enzyme activity; carbon dioxide; dose response; nitrates; ion transport; enzyme inhibitors; chlorophyll; net assimilation rate; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... During photoautotrophic growth under CO2-limited conditions, cells of Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 excreted into the medium about 30% of the nitrite produced by reduction of nitrate. No nitrite was excreted under CO2-sufficient conditions. After transfer of high-CO2-grown cells to CO2-limited conditions, nitrite reductase activity started to decline within 0.5 h and decreased to 50% of the initial le ...

86. Regulation of the accumulation and reduction of nitrate by nitrogen and carbon metabolites in maize seedlings

Author:
Sivasankar, S.; Rothstein, S.; Oaks, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 583-589
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; seedlings; roots; shoots; nitrate reduction; nitrogen; carbon; metabolites; asparagine; glutamine; sucrose; dose response; nutrient uptake; nitrate reductase; enzyme activity; nitrite reductase; aspartate-ammonia ligase; genes; gene expression; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... The accumulation and reduction of nitrate in the presence of the nitrogen metabolites asparagine (Asn) and glutamine (Gln) and the carbon metabolite sucrose (Suc) were examined in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings in an attempt to separate their effects on the nitrate uptake system and the nitrate reduction system. After 8 h of exposure to nitrate in the presence of 1 mM Asn, tissue nitrate accumulati ...

87. Regulation of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (CYP73A1) in Jerusalem artichoke tubers in response to wounding and chemical treatments

Author:
Batard, Y.; Schalk, M.; Pierrel, M.A.; Zimmerlin, A.; Durst, F.; Werck-Reichhart, D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 951-959
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
protein synthesis; dose response; phytochrome; genetic code; oxygenases; stress response; phenobarbital; cinnamic acid; tubers; gene expression; transcription (genetics); genes; clofibrate; enzyme activity; chemical treatment; benzopyrenes; Helianthus tuberosus
Abstract:
... trans-Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) is a plant-specific cytochrome (P450) that is encoded by the gene CYPZ3A and catalyzes the second step of the multibranched phenylpropanoid pathway. Increases in C4H activity in response to physical and chemical stresses have been well documented, but the mechanism of these increases has never been studied in detail. This paper reports on the regulatory mechanis ...

88. Regulation of tomato fruit polygalacturonase mRNA accumulation by ethylene: a re-examination

Author:
Sitrit, Y.; Bennett, A.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.3 pp. 1145-1150
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; ripening; protein composition; pectins; metabolism; polygalacturonase; enzyme activity; ethylene; dose response; messenger RNA; gene expression; transgenic plants; antisense DNA
Abstract:
... Polygalacturonase (PG) is the major enzyme responsible for pectin disassembly in ripening fruit. Despite extensive research on the factors regulating PG gene expression in fruit, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of ethylene in mediating its expression. Transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits in which endogenous ethylene production was suppressed by the expression of an a ...

89. Salicylic acid is needed in hypersensitive cell death in soybean but does not act as a catalase inhibitor

Author:
Tenhaken, R.; Rubel, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 291-298
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
metabolism; Glycine max; dose response; catalase; necrosis; hydrogen peroxide; virulence; enzyme inhibitors; cultured cells; genes; salicylic acid; oxidation; disease resistance; Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea; peroxidase; metabolites; ascorbic acid
Abstract:
... The function of salicylic acid (SA) in hypersensitive cell death was studied in a soybean (Glycine max)-Pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea system. The infection of cell cultures with bacteria leads to a hypersensitive reaction (HR), which is dependent on an appropriate avirulence gene and on low concentrations of SA. The requirements for SA is essential for a process shortly before the onset of the ...

90. Selective inhibition of auxin-stimulated NADH oxidase activity and elongation growth of soybean hypocotyls by thiol reagents

Author:
Morre, D.J.; Brightman, A.O.; Hidalgo, A.; Navas, P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.4 pp. 1285-1291
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; hypocotyls; cell growth; oxidoreductases; enzyme activity; 2,4-D; enzyme inhibitors; thiols; benzoates; benzoic acid; dose response; kinetics; plasma membrane; NAD (coenzyme); indole acetic acid
Abstract:
... The NADH oxidase activity of isolated vesicles of soybean (Glycine max cv Williams 82) plasma membranes and elongation growth of 1-cm-long hypocotyl segments were stimulated by auxins (indole-3-acetic acid or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D]). The auxin-induced stimulations of both NADH oxidase and growth were prevented by the thiol reagents N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate, 5,5'-di ...

91. Signaling in soybean phenylpropanoid responses. Dissection of primary, secondary, and conditioning effects of light, wounding, and elicitor treatments

Author:
Graham, T.L.; Graham, M.Y.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.110 no.4 pp. 1123-1133
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; dose response; glutathione; Phytophthora sojae; glucans; jasmonic acid; biochemical pathways; propionic acid; disease resistance; cell wall components; pathogenesis; abscisic acid; light; defense mechanisms
Abstract:
... The spatial and temporal deployment of plant defense responses involves a complex interplay of signal events, often resulting in superimposition of signaling processes. We have employed a minimal-wound protocol to clearly separate and characterize the specific contributions of light, wounding, and a wall glucan elicitor preparation (PWG) from Phytophthora sojae (Kauf. and Gerde.) to the regulation ...

92. Solubilization and separation of a plant plasma membrane NADPH-O2- synthase from other NAD(P)H oxidoreductases

Author:
Gestelen, P. van.; Asard, H.; Caubergs, R.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 543-550
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
quinacrine; dose response; seedlings; gas exchange; pyridines; Phaseolus vulgaris; peroxidases; cytochrome c; adenosinetriphosphatase; oxaloacetic acid; plasma membrane; imidazoles; solubility; oxygen; protein composition; cyanides
Abstract:
... Solubilization and ion-exchange chromatography of plasma membrane proteins obtained from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlingsresulted in a single NAD(P)H-O2(-)-synthase protein peak. This enzyme showed a high preference toward NADPH as a substrate (reaction rate, 27.4 nmol O2- produced min-1 mg-1 protein), whereas NADH reactions ranged from 0 to maximally 15% of the NADPH reactions. The protein ...

93. Spermine is a salicylate-independent endogenous inducer for both tobacco acidic pathogenesis-related proteins and resistance against tobacco mosaic virus infection

Author:
Yamakawa, H.; Kamada, H.; Satoh, M.; Ohashi, Y.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.4 pp. 1213-1222
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; Tobacco mosaic virus; leaves; pathogenicity; protein synthesis; spermine; dose response; disease resistance; salicylates; gene expression; biochemical pathways; pathogenesis-related proteins
Abstract:
... Intercellular spaces are often the first sites invaded by pathogens. In the spaces of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-infected and necrotic lesion-forming tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves, we found that an inducer for acidic pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins was accumulated. The induction activity was recovered in gel-filtrated fractions of low molecular mass with a basic nature, into which authe ...

94. Spinach leaf sucrose-phosphate synthase and nitrate reductase are phosphorylated/inactivated by multiple protein kinases in vitro

Author:
McMichael, R.W. Jr.; Bachmann, M.; Huber, S.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.3 pp. 1077-1082
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
dose response; nitrate reductase; glycosyltransferases; sucrose; calcium; molecular weight; Spinacia oleracea; peptides; leaves; phosphates; light; binding sites; glucose 6-phosphate; phosphorylation; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... The regulation of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) and nitrate reductase (NR) activities from mature spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves share many similarities in vivo and in vitro. Both enzymes are light/dark modulated by processes that involve, at least in part, reversible protein phosphorylation. Experiments using desalted crude extracts show that the ATP-dependent inactivation of spinach SP ...

95. Stability of the apoproteins of light-harvesting complex I and II during biogenesis of thylakoids in the chlorophyll b-less barley mutant Chlorina f2

Author:
Preiss, S.; Thornber, J.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.3 pp. 709-717
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; seedlings; thylakoids; biosynthesis; apoproteins; chlorophyll; light intensity; dose response; photosystem I; photosystem II; genes; gene expression; mutants; genetic variation; messenger RNA; light harvesting complex; transcription (genetics); etiolation
Abstract:
... Transcription and translation of Lhc (cab) genes have been compared in the chlorina f2 mutant of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and its wildtype to study the effect of chlorophyll b's absence on the regulation of assembly of the light-harvesting complexes (LHC). All tested genes were transcribed and the amount of their respective mRNAs increased rhythmically upon illumination of etiolated mutant plants. ...

96. Sterol modulation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity from corn roots reconstituted into soybean lipids

Author:
Grandmougin-Ferjani, A.; Schuler-Muller, I.; Hartmann, M.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 163-174
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ion transport; measurement; dose response; morpholine fungicides; hydrogen; plasma membrane; adenosinetriphosphatase; protein composition; phospholipids; Zea mays; Glycine max; adenosine triphosphate; enzyme inhibitors; hydrolysis; proton pump; enzyme activity; stigmasterol; cholesterol; pH; binding sites; triazole fungicides
Abstract:
... A partially purified H+-ATPase from the plasma membrane (PM) of corn (Zea mays L.) roots was inserted into vesicles prepared with soybean (Glycine max L.) phospholipids and various concentrations of individual sterols using either a freeze-thaw sonication or an octylglucoside dilution procedure. Both methods yielded a functional enzyme that retained its native characteristics. We have investigated ...

97. Stimulation by light of rapid pH regulation in the chloroplast stroma in vivo as indicated by CO2 solubilization in leaves

Author:
Hauser, M.; Eichelmann, H.; Oja, V.; Heber, U.; Laisk, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.3 pp. 1059-1066
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Brassica oleracea; Helianthus annuus; Nicotiana tabacum; leaves; chloroplasts; pH; light; carbon dioxide; dose response; solubility; oxygen; gas exchange; quantitative analysis; bicarbonates
Abstract:
... Leaves of Brassica oleracea, Helianthus annuus, and Nicotiana rustica were exposed for 20 s to high concentrations of CO2. CO2 uptake by the leaf, which was very fast, was measured as a transient increase in the concentration of oxygen. Rapid solubilization of CO2 in excess of that which is physically dissolved in aqueous phases is proposed to be caused by bicarbonate formation in the stroma of ch ...

98. Stimulation of the alternative pathway by succinate and malate

Author:
Wagner, A.M.; Bergen, C.W.M. van den.; Wincencjusz, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.3 pp. 1035-1042
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Solanum tuberosum; tubers; callus; mitochondria; cyanide-sensitive respiration; oxidation; succinic acid; malic acid; pyruvic acid; oxidoreductases; dose response; ubiquinones; quantitative analysis; osmotic pressure; temperature; NAD (coenzyme)
Abstract:
... Stimulation of the cyanide-resistant oxidation of exogenous NADH in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv Bintje) tuber callus mitochondria was obtained with succinate, malate, and pyruvate. Half-maximal stimulation was observed at a succinate or malate concentration of 3 to 4 mM, which is considerably higher than that found for pyruvate (0.128 mM). No effect of succinate or malate addition was found wh ...

99. Substrate kinetics of the plant mitochondrial alternative oxidase and the effects of pyruvate

Author:
Hoefnagel, M.H.N.; Rich, P.R.; Zhang, Q.; Wiskich, J.T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.3 pp. 1145-1153
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
inflorescences; Glycine max; dose response; pyruvic acid; cotyledons; oxidoreductases; ubiquinones; mitochondria; oxidation; Arum italicum; kinetics; enzyme activity; protein composition; measurement
Abstract:
... The kinetics of alternative oxidase (AOX) of Arum italicum spadices and soybean (Glycine max L.) cotyledons were studied both with intact mitochondria and with a solubilized, partially purified enzyme. Ubiquinone analogs were screened for their suitability as substrates and ubiquinol-1 was found to be most suitable. The kinetics of ubiquinol-1 oxidation via AOX in both systems followed Michaelis-M ...

100. Sugar repression of mannitol dehydrogenase activity in celery cells

Author:
Prata, R.T.N.; Williamson, J.D.; Conkling, M.A.; Pharr, D.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 307-314
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
dose response; fructokinase; galactitol; galactose; enzyme activity; glucose; sorbitol; fructose; mannose; oxidoreductases; enzyme inhibitors; mannitol; glucokinase; cell suspension culture; Apium graveolens
Abstract:
... We present evidence that the activity of the mannitol-catabolizing enzyme mannitol dehydrogenase (MTD) is repressed by sugars in cultured celery (Apium graveolens L.) cells. Furthermore, this sugar repression appears to be mediated by hexokinases (HKs) in a manner comparable to the reported sugar repression of photosynthetic genes. Glucose (Glc)-grown cell cultures expressed little MTD activity du ...