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1. (+)-Abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase

Author:
Krochko, J.E.; Abrams, G.D.; Loewen, M.K.; Abrams, S.R.; Cutler, A.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.3 pp. 849-860
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; cell suspension culture; cell membranes; protein composition; cytochrome P-450; oxygenases; abscisic acid; metabolism; enzyme activity; light; oxygen; cytochrome c; carbon monoxide; dose response; chemical reactions; biochemical pathways; NADP (coenzyme)
Abstract:
... Abscisic acid (ABA) 8'-hydroxylase catalyzes the first step in the oxidative degradation of (+)-ABA. The development of a robust in vitro assay has now permitted detailed examination and characterization of this enzyme. Although several factors (buffer, cofactor, and source tissue) were critical in developing the assay, the most important of these was the identification of a tissue displaying high ...

2. (+)-Abscisic acid metabolism, 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme A synthase gene expression, and very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Brassica napus embryos

Author:
Qi, Q.; Rose, P.A.; Abrams, G.D.; Taylor, D.C.; Abrams, S.R.; Cutler, A.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.3 pp. 979-987
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
biosynthesis; enzymes; embryo (plant); long chain fatty acids; coenzyme A; transcription (genetics); gene expression; monounsaturated fatty acids; genes; Brassica napus; abscisic acid; enzyme activity; chemical structure
Abstract:
... Microspore-derived embryos of Brassica napus cv Reston were used to examine the effects of exogenous (+)-abscisic acid (ABA)and related compounds on the accumulation of very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (VLCMFAs), VLCMFA elongase complex activity, and induction of the 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme A synthase (KCS) gene encoding the condensing enzyme of the VLCMFA elongation system. Of the concentr ...

3. (+)-Germacrene A biosynthesis: the committed step in the biosynthesis of bitter sesquiterpene lactones in chicory

Author:
Kraker, J.W. de; Franssen, M.C.R.; Groot, A. de.; Konig, W.A.; Bouwmeester, H.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.4 pp. 1381-1392
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Cichorium intybus; roots; leaves; sesquiterpenoid lactones; biosynthesis; bitterness; ligases; molecular weight; pH; chemical structure; enzyme activity; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... The leaves and especially the roots of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) contain high concentrations of bitter sesquiterpene lactones such as the guianolides lactupicrin, lactucin, and 8-deoxylactucin. Eudesmanolides and germacranolides are present in smalleramounts. Their postulated biosynthesis through the mevalonatefarnesyl diphosphate-germacradiene pathway has now been confirmed by the isolation ...

4. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid transported from roots to shoots promotes leaf abscission in Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan.) seedlings rehydrated after water stress

Author:
Tudela, D.; Primo-Millo, E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.1 pp. 131-137
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Citrus reshni; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; biosynthesis; abscission; irrigation; seedlings; ethylene production; water stress; translocation (plant physiology); 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase; xylem; roots; enzyme activity; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... The effect of water stress and subsequent rehydration on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content, ACC synthase activity, ethylene production, and leaf abscission was studied in Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan.) seedlings. Leaf abscission occurred when drought-stressed plants were allowed to rehydrate, whereas no abscission was observed in plants under water stress condit ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.1.131
PubMed:
16652935

5. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-elicited increase in vacuolar glutathione-S-conjugate transport activity

Author:
Li, Z.S.; Zhen, R.G.; Rea, P.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.1 pp. 177-185
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Vigna radiata; vacuoles; glutathione; glutathione transferase; hypocotyls; seedlings; seedling growth; zymogens; enzyme activity; active transport; magnesium; adenosine triphosphate; kinetics; hydrolases; plasma membrane; translocation (plant physiology)
Abstract:
... Unlike most other characterized organic solute transport in plants, uptake of the model compound S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione (DNP-GS) and related glutathione-S-conjugates by vacuolar membranes is directly energized by MgATP. Here we show that exogenous application of the DNP-GS precursor 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) to seedlings of Vigna radiata (mung bean) increases the capacity of vac ...

6. 12-Oxophytodienoate-10,11-reductase: occurrence of two isoenzymes of different specificity against Stereoisomers of 12-oxophytodienoic acid

Author:
Schaller, F.; Hennig, P.; Weiler, E.W.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.4 pp. 1345-1351
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; metabolism; stearic acid; oxidoreductases; Corydalis; Capnoides sempervirens; enzyme activity; isozymes; stereochemistry; metabolites
Abstract:
... The reduction of 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) to 3-oxo-2(2'[Z]-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid is catalyzed by 12-oxophytodienoate-10,11-reductase (OPR). Analysis of the isomer preference of OPR has indicated that the activity is composed of two isoenzymes exhibiting different stereoselectivities. The two isoforms of OPR have been separated, using protein extracts of Rock Harlequin (Coryd ...

7. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and related chlorinated compounds inhibit two auxin-regulated type-III tobacco glutathione S-transferases

Author:
Droog, F.N.J.; Hooykaas, P.J.J.; Zaal, B.J. van der.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.4 pp. 1139-1146
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; protein composition; glutathione transferase; isozymes; enzyme activity; auxins; enzyme inhibitors; 2,4-D; chlorine; phylogeny
Abstract:
... Two auxin-inducible glutathione S-transferase (GST, EC 2.5.1.18) isozymes from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, White Burley) were partially characterized. GST1-1 and GST2-1 are members of a recently identified new type of plant GST isozymes that we will here refer to as type III. Both enzymes were active, with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as a substrate, when expressed in bacteria as fusion proteins. T ...

8. 3,7-dichloroquinolinecarboxylic acid inhibits cell-wall biosynthesis in maize roots

Author:
Koo, S.J.; Neal, J.C.; DiTomaso, J.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.3 pp. 1383-1389
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; quinclorac; seedlings; roots; duration; dose response; mechanism of action; cell walls; fatty acids; DNA; RNA; biosynthesis; cell growth; herbicidal properties; cell wall components
Abstract:
... The mode of action of the herbicide 3,7-dichloroquinolinecarboxylic acid (quinclorac) was examined by measuring incorporation of [14C]glucose, [14C]acetate, [3H]thymidine, and [3H]uridine into maize (Zea mays) root cell walls, fatty acids, DNA, and RNA, respectively. Among the precursors examined, 10 micromolar quinclorac inhibited [14C]glucose incorporation into the cell wall within 3 h. Fatty ac ...

9. 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase is a component of the mitochondrial leucine catabolic pathway in plants

Author:
Anderson, M.D.; Che, P.; Song, J.; Nikolau, B.J.; Wurtele, E.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.4 pp. 1127-1138
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant development; Glycine max; leucine; metabolism; seedlings; coenzyme A; cotyledons; metabolites; biochemical pathways; mitochondria; carboxy-lyases; hydrolysis; protein degradation; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... 3-Methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (MCCase) is a mitochondrial biotin-containing enzyme whose metabolic function is not well understood in plants. In soybean (Glycine max) seedlings the organ-specific and developmentally induced changes in MCCase expression are regulated by mechanisms that control the accumulation of MCCase mRNA and the activity of the enzyme. During soybean cotyledon develop ...

10. 4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase hybrid poplar. Properties of native enzymes, cDNA cloning, and analysis of recombinant enzymes

Author:
Allina, S.M.; Pri-Hadash, A.; Theilmann, D.A.; Ellis, B.E.; Douglas, C.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.2 pp. 743-754
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Populus deltoides; propionic acid; genes; hybrids; recombinant proteins; Populus trichocarpa; gene expression; protein composition; complementary DNA; sinapic acid; amino acid sequences; ligases; enzyme activity; isozymes; ferulic acid; biosynthesis; caffeic acid; coenzyme A; physicochemical properties
Abstract:
... The enzyme 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is important in providing activated thioester substrates for phenylpropanoid natural product biosynthesis. We tested different hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa X Populus deltoides) tissues for the presence of 4CL isoforms by fast-protein liquid chromatography and detected a minimum of three 4CL isoforms. These isoforms shared similar hydroxycinnamic ...

11. The 5' flanking regions of vicilin and napin storage protein genes are down-regulated by desiccation in transgenic tobacco

Author:
Jiang, L.; Downing, W.L.; Baszczynski, C.L.; Kermode, A.R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.4 pp. 1439-1449
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
gene transfer; vicilin; seeds; protein content; transgenic plants; developmental stages; seed development; gene expression; Nicotiana tabacum; reporter genes; enzyme activity; beta-glucuronidase
Abstract:
... Drying of seeds, when imposed prematurely, elicits a switch in metabolism; events unique to development, such as synthesis of storage protein, are terminated, whereas syntheses associated with germination andgrowth are initiated. To determine the role of desiccation in down-regulating the expression of genes for storage proteins, the desiccation responsiveness of the 5' and 3' regulatory regions o ...

12. 8'-Methylene abscisic acid: an effective and persistent analog of abscisic acid

Author:
Abrams, S.R.; Rose, P.A.; Cutler, A.J.; Balsevich, J.J.; Lei, B.; Walker-Simmons, M.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 89-97
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; Zea mays; chemical reactions; seedlings; cotyledons; biochemical pathways; carbon; transpiration; Triticum aestivum; growth retardation; gene expression; binding sites; abscisic acid; Lepidium sativum; synthesis; cell suspension culture
Abstract:
... We report here the synthesis and biological activity of a new persistent abscisic acid (ABA) analog, 8'-methylene ABA. This ABA analog has one additional carbon atom attached through a double bond to the 8'-carbon of the ABA molecule. (+)-8'-Methylene ABA is more active than the natural hormone (+)-ABA in inhibiting germination of cress seed and excised wheat embryos, in reducing growth of suspens ...

13. The ACA4 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a vacuolar membrane calcium pump that improves salt tolerance in yeast. [Erratum: July 2001. v. 126 (3), p. 1341-1342.]

Author:
Geisler, M.; Frangne, N.; Gomes, E.; Martinoia, E.; Palmgren, M.G.
Source:
Plant physiology 2000 v.124 no.4 pp. 1814-1827
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; salt tolerance; gene transfer; genetic transformation; genetic code; calcium; transgenic plants; ion exchange; vacuoles; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; amino acid sequences; enzyme inhibitors; gene expression; genes; mutants; tonoplast; calmodulin; adenosinetriphosphatase
Abstract:
... Several lines of evidence suggest that regulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels is crucial for adaptation of plants to environmental stress. We have cloned and characterized Arabidopsis auto-inhibited Ca2+ -ATPase, isoform 4 (ACA4), a calmodulin-regulated Ca2+ -ATPase. Confocal laser scanning data of a green fluorescent protein-tagged version of ACA4 as well as western-blot analysis of microsomal f ...

14. The AG dinucleotide terminating introns is important but not always required for pre-mRNA splicing in the maize endosperm

Author:
Lal, S.; Choi, J.H.; Hannah, L.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.120 no.1 pp. 65-72
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Zea mays; alternative splicing; messenger RNA; gene expression; endosperm; mutants; introns
Abstract:
... Previous RNA analysis of lesions within the 15 intron-containing sh2 (shrunken2) gene of maize (Zea mays) revealed that the majority of these mutants affect RNA splicing. Here we decipher further two of these mutants, sh2-i (shrunken2 intermediate phenotype) and sh2-7460. Each harbors a G-to-A transition in the terminal nucleotide of an intron, hence destroying the invariant AG found at the termin ...

15. AINTEGUMENTA and AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 Act Redundantly to Regulate Arabidopsis Floral Growth and Patterning

Author:
Krizek, BethA.
Source:
Plant physiology 2009 v.150 no.4 pp. 1916-1929
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; auxins; flowering; flowers; gene expression; genes; mutants; shoot meristems; transcription factors
Abstract:
... An Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) flower consists of four types of organs arranged in a stereotypical pattern. This complex floral structure is elaborated from a small number of floral meristem cells partitioned from the shoot apical meristem during reproductive development. The positioning of floral primordia within the periphery of the shoot apical meristem depends on transport of the phytoh ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.109.141119
PubMed:
19542297

16. ATP hydrolysis activity and polymerization state of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase activase. Do the effects of Mg2+, K+, and activase concentrations indicate a functional similarity to actin?

Author:
Lilley, R.M.; Portis, A.R. Jr.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 605-613
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; dose response; polymerization; Spinacia oleracea; adenosine triphosphate; magnesium; biochemical pathways; anions; potassium; hydrolysis; actin; enzyme activity; adenosinetriphosphatase
Abstract:
... The ATPase activity and fluorescence of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) activase were determined over a range of MgCl2, KCl, and activase concentrations. Both salts promoted ADP release from ATP and intrinsic fluorescence enhancement by adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio] triphosphate, but Mg2+ was about 10 times more effective than K+. ATPase and fluorescence enhancement both incr ...

17. ATP-dependent formation of phosphatidylserine-rich vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum of leek cells

Author:
Sturbois-Balcerzak, B.; Vincent, P.; Maneta-Peyret, L.; Duvert, M.; Satiat-Jeunemaitre, B.; Cassagne, C.; Moreau, P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.120 no.1 pp. 245-256
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Allium porrum; adenosine triphosphate; endoplasmic reticulum; phosphatidylserines; chemical structure; chemical composition; active transport; phosphatidylinositols; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... Leek (Allium porrum) plasma membrane is enriched in phosphatidylserine (PS) by the vesicular pathway, in a way similar to that already observed in animal cells (B. Sturbois-Balcerzak, D.J. Morre, O. Loreau, J.P. Noel, P. Moreau, C. Cassagne [1995] Plant Physiol Biochem 33: 625-637). In this paper we document the formation of PS-rich small vesicles from leek endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes upo ...

18. Abnormal Chloroplast Development and Growth Inhibition in Rice Thioredoxin m Knock-Down Plants

Author:
Chi, Yong Hun; Moon, Jeong Chan; Park, Jin Ho; Kim, Ho-Seung; Zulfugarov, Ismayil S.; Fanata, Wahyu Indra; Jang, Ho Hee; Lee, Jung Ro; Lee, Young Mee; Kim, Sun Tae; Chung, Yong-Yoon; Lim, Chae Oh; Kim, Jae-Yean; Yun, Dae-Jin; Lee, Choon-Hwan; Lee, Kyun Oh; Lee, Sang Yeol
Source:
Plant physiology 2008 v.148 no.2 pp. 808-817
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Oryza sativa; RNA interference; abnormal development; chlorophyll; gene expression; growth and development; hydrogen peroxide; insulin; leaves; light intensity; messenger RNA; peroxiredoxin; photosynthesis; plant development; recombinant proteins; rice; substrate specificity
Abstract:
... Plant cells contain several thioredoxin isoforms that are characterized by subcellular localization and substrate specificity. Here, we describe the functional characterization of a rice (Oryza sativa) thioredoxin m isoform (Ostrxm) using a reverse genetics technique. Ostrxm showed green tissue-specific and light-responsive mRNA expression. Ostrxm was localized in chloroplasts of rice mesophyll ce ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.108.123547
PubMed:
18723667

19. Abnormal stomatal behavior and hormonal imbalance in flacca, a wilty mutant of tomato. I. Root effect and kinetin-like activity

Author:
Tal, M.; Imber, D.; Itai, C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1970 v.46 no.3 pp. 367-372
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
botany; Plant Science and Plant Products
DOI:
10.1104/pp.46.3.367
PubMed:
16657469

20. Abnormal stomatal behavior and hormonal imbalance in flacca, a wilty mutant of tomato. II. Auxin- and abscisic acidlike activity

Author:
Tal, M.; Imber, D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1970 v.46 no.3 pp. 373-376
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
botany; Plant Science and Plant Products
DOI:
10.1104/pp.46.3.373
PubMed:
16657470

21. Abolition of posttranscriptional regulation of nitrate reductase partially prevents the decrease in leaf NO3(-) reduction when photosynthesis is inhibited by CO2 deprivation, but not in darkness

Author:
Lejay, L.; Quillere, I.; Roux, Y.R.; Tillard, P.; Cliquet, J.B.; Meyer, C.; Morot-Gaudry, J.F.; Gojon, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 623-631
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia; leaves; nitrate reduction; nitrate reductase; enzyme activity; light; photosynthesis; roots; free amino acids; transgenic plants; complementary DNA; gene expression; genetic variation; transcription (genetics); chemical constituents of plants; genotype
Abstract:
... The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) in leaves is regulated by light and photosynthesis at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. To understand the physiological role of these controls, we have investigated the effects of light and CO2 on in vivo NO3- reduction in transgenic plants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia lacking either transcriptional regulation alone or transcriptional and post-t ...

22. Abscisic Acid Has a Key Role in Modulating Diverse Plant-Pathogen Interactions

Author:
Fan, Jun; Hill, Lionel; Crooks, Casey; Doerner, Peter; Lamb, Chris
Source:
Plant physiology 2009 v.150 no.4 pp. 1750-1761
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Alternaria brassicicola; Arabidopsis thaliana; Pseudomonas syringae; abscisic acid; disease resistance; fungi; gene overexpression; genes; jasmonic acid; microbial growth; salicylic acid; systemic acquired resistance; transfer DNA; water stress
Abstract:
... We isolated an activation-tagged Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) line, constitutive disease susceptibility2-1D (cds2-1D), that showed enhanced bacterial growth when challenged with various Pseudomonas syringae strains. Systemic acquired resistance and systemic PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1 induction were also compromised in cds2-1D. The T-DNA insertion adjacent to NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGEN ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.109.137943
PubMed:
19571312

23. Abscisic acid activates a 48-kilodalton protein kinase in guard cell protoplasts

Author:
Mori, I.C.; Muto, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.3 pp. 833-839
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Vicia faba; guard cells; protoplasts; protein composition; enzyme activity; abscisic acid; enzyme inhibitors; kinetics; binding proteins; phosphorylation; stomatal movement; myelin sheath
Abstract:
... A 49- and a 46-kD Ca2+-independent protein kinase and a 53-kD Ca2+-dependent protein kinase were detected in Vicia faba guard cell protoplasts (GCPs) by an in-gel protein kinase assay using myelin basic protein as a substrate. A 48-kD protein kinase designated as abscisicacid (ABA)-responsive protein kinase (ABR kinase) appeared when GCPs were treated with ABA. The activation of ABR kinase was sup ...

24. Abscisic acid elicits the water-stress response in root hairs of Arabidopsis thaliana

Author:
Schnall, J.A.; Quatrano, R.S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.1 pp. 216-218
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; abscisic acid; root hairs; water stress; plant morphology; mutants
Abstract:
... Water stress has been shown to cause root hairs to become short and bulbous. Because abscisic acid (ABA) mediates a variety of water-stress responses, we investigated the response of Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs to ABA. When wild-type root hairs were treated with ABA, they exhibited the water-stress response. The Arabidopsis mutants abi1 and abi2, which are insensitive to ABA at the seedling st ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.1.216
PubMed:
16652949

25. Abscisic acid induction of vacuolar H+-ATPase activity in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is developmentally regulated

Author:
Barkla, B.J.; Vera-Estrella, R.; Maldonado-Gama, M.; Pantoja, O.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.120 no.3 pp. 811-819
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum; plant development; hydrogen ions; cold stress; vacuoles; age; water stress; sodium; sodium chloride; tonoplast; abscisic acid; enzyme activity; adenosinetriphosphatase
Abstract:
... Abscisic acid (ABA) has been implicated as a key component in water-deficit-induced responses, including those triggered by drought, NaCl, and low temperature stress. In this study a role for ABA in mediating the NaCl-stress-induced increases in tonoplast H(+) -translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) and Na(+)/H(+) antiport activity in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, leading to vacuolar Na(+) sequestration ...

26. Abscisic acid-dependent and -independent expression of the carrot late-embryogenesis-abundant-class gene Dc3 in transgenic tobacco seedlings

Author:
Siddiqui, N.U.; Chung, H.J.; Thomas, T.L.; Drew, M.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.4 pp. 1181-1190
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
genetic transformation; gene transfer; promoter regions; seedlings; Agrobacterium radiobacter; Daucus carota; transgenic plants; stress response; gene expression; histochemistry; Nicotiana tabacum; abscisic acid; enzyme activity; roots; beta-glucuronidase; shoots
Abstract:
... We studied the expression of three promoter 5' deletion constructs (-218, -599, and -1312) of the LEA (late embryogenesis abundant)-class gene Dc3 fused to beta-glucuronidase (GUS), where each construct value refers to the number of base pairs upstream of the transcription start site at which the deletion occurred. The Dc3 gene is noted for its induction by abscisic acid (ABA), but its response to ...

27. Absorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (Monuron) by barley roots

Author:
Donaldson, T.W.; Bayer, D.E.; Leonard, O.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1973 v.52 no.6 pp. 638-645
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Hordeum vulgare; barley; roots; 2,4-D; monuron; uptake mechanisms
DOI:
10.1104/pp.52.6.638
PubMed:
16658621

28. Accelerated early growth of rice at elevated CO2. Is it related to developmental changes in the shoot apex?

Author:
Jitla, D.S.; Rogers, G.S.; Seneweera, S.P.; Basra, A.S.; Oldfield, R.J.; Conroy, J.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 15-22
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant development; buds; diameter; dose response; carbon dioxide; Oryza sativa; developmental stages; internodes; crop yield; length; tillers; leaves
Abstract:
... The influence of elevated CO2 on the development of the shoot apex and on subsequent vegetative growth and grain yield investigated using rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Jarrah) grown in flooded soil at either 350 or 700 microliter CO2 L-1. At 8 d after planting (DAP), elevated CO2 increased the height and diameter of the apical dome and lengths of leaf primordia and tiller buds but had no effect on thei ...

29. Acceleration of Flowering during Shade Avoidance in Arabidopsis Alters the Balance between FLOWERING LOCUS C-Mediated Repression and Photoperiodic Induction of Flowering

Author:
Wollenberg, Amanda C.; Strasser, Bárbara; Cerdán, Pablo D.; Amasino, Richard M.
Source:
Plant physiology 2008 v.148 no.3 pp. 1681-1694
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; cold; flowering; genes; loci; models; phytochrome; vernalization
Abstract:
... The timing of the floral transition in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is influenced by a number of environmental signals. Here, we have focused on acceleration of flowering in response to vegetative shade, a condition that is perceived as a decrease in the ratio of red to far-red radiation. We have investigated the contributions of several known flowering-time pathways to this acceleration. Th ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.108.125468
PubMed:
18790998

30. Acclimation of foliar antioxidant systems to growth irradiance in three broad-leaved evergreen species

Author:
Grace, S.C.; Logan, B.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.4 pp. 1631-1640
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
dehydroascorbic acid; acclimation; light intensity; photoinhibition; malate dehydrogenase; metabolites; Mahonia repens; absorbance; electron transfer; peroxidases; carotenoids; oxidation; Vinca major; Schefflera arboricola; leaves; defense mechanisms; net assimilation rate; enzyme activity; antioxidants; glutathione-disulfide reductase; metabolizable energy; chlorophyll
Abstract:
... The protective role of leaf antioxidant systems in the mechanism of plant acclimation to growth irradiance was studied in Vinca major, Schefflera arboricola, and Mahonia repens, which were grown for several months at 20, 100, and 1200 micromoles photons m-2 s-1. As growth irradiance increased, several constituents of the "Mehler-peroxidase" pathway also increased: superoxide dismutase, ascorbate p ...

31. Acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 under low-nitrogen nutrition is affected by the capacity for assimilate utilization. Perennial ryegrass under free-air CO2 enrichment

Author:
Rogers, A.; Fischer, B.U.; Bryant, J.; Frehner, M.; Blum, H.; Raines, C.A.; Long, S.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.2 pp. 683-689
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
acclimation; measurement; source-sink relationships; carbon dioxide; nitrogen content; carbohydrates; photosynthesis; leaves; quantitative analysis; carboxylation; photosynthates; Lolium perenne; nutrient deficiencies; cutting; enzyme activity; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; canopy; nitrogen; fructose-bisphosphatase; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 has previously been shown to be more pronounced when N supply is poor. Is this a direct effect of N or an indirect effect of N by limiting the development of sinks for photoassimilate? This question was tested by growing a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in the field under elevated (60 Pa) and current (36 Pa) partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) at low ...

32. Accumulation of Al in root mucilage of an Al-resistant and an Al-sensitive cultivar of wheat

Author:
Archambault, D.J.; Zhang, G.; Taylor, G.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.4 pp. 1471-1478
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; aluminum; metal tolerance; root tips; metal ions; ion transport; mucilages; kinetics; uptake mechanisms; varietal resistance; symplast
Abstract:
... To estimate rates of Al accumulation within the symplasm, all apoplastic pools of Al need to be eliminated or accounted for. We have developed a revised kinetic protocol that allows us to estimate the contribution of mucilage-bound Al to total, nonexchangeable Al, and to eliminate the mucilage as an apoplastic pool of Al. By comparing the Al content of excised root tips (2 cm) of wheat (Triticum a ...

33. Accumulation of a clock-regulated transcript during flower-inductive darkness in Pharbitis nil

Author:
Sage-Ono, K.; Ono, M.; Harada, H.; Kamada, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.4 pp. 1479-1485
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
far-red light; cultivars; messenger RNA; flowering; Ipomoea nil; quantitative analysis; complementary DNA; cotyledons; transcription (genetics); gene expression; genes; nucleotide sequences; red light; photoperiod; genetic variation; phytochrome; circadian rhythm
Abstract:
... To clarify the molecular basis of the photoperiodic induction of flowering in the short-day plant Pharbitis nil cv Violet, weexamined changes in the level of mRNA in cotyledons during the flower-inductive photoperiod using the technique of differential display by the polymerase chain reaction. A transcript that accumulated during the inductive dark period was identified and a cDNA corresponding to ...

34. Accumulation of potassium and sodium by barley roots in a K-Na replacement series

Author:
Hiatt, A.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1969 v.44 no.11 pp. 1528-1532
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
botany; Plant Science and Plant Products
DOI:
10.1104/pp.44.11.1528
PubMed:
16657235

35. Accumulation of soybean glycinin and its assembly with the glutelins in rice

Author:
Katsube, T.; Kurisaka, N.; Ogawa, M.; Maruyama, N.; Ohtsuka, R.; Utsumi, S.; Takaiwa, F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.120 no.4 pp. 1063-1073
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
plant development; Glycine max; protein synthesis; organelles; Oryza sativa; glutelins; transgenic plants; endosperm; nutrient reserves; solubility; multigene family; promoter regions
Abstract:
... Saline-soluble glycinins and insoluble glutelins are the major storage proteins in soybean (Glycine max) and rice (Oryza sativa), respectively. In spite of their differences in solubility properties, bothproteins are members of the 11S globulin gene family based on their similarities in primary sequences and processing of the coded protein. Wild-type and methionine-modified glycinin coding sequenc ...

36. Accumulation of zeaxanthin in abscisic acid-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis does not affect chlorophyll fluorescence quenching or sensitivity to photoinhibition in vivo

Author:
Hurry, V.; Anderson, J.M.; Chow, W.S.; Osmond, C.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 639-648
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; fluorescence; light harvesting complex; genetic variation; neoxanthin; photoinhibition; zeaxanthin; photosystem II; mutants; photosystem I; abscisic acid; measurement; chlorophyll; violaxanthin; leaves
Abstract:
... Abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis do not synthesize the epoxy-xanthophylls antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, or neoxanthin. However, thylakoid membranes from these mutants contain 3-fold more zeaxanthin than wild-type plants. This increase in zeaxanthin occurs as a stoichiometric replacement of the missing violaxanthin and neoxanthin within the pigment-protein complexes of both phot ...

37. Accuracy of deoxynucleotide incorporation by soybean chloroplast DNA polymerases is independent of the presence of a 3' to 5' exonuclease

Author:
Bailey, J.C. II; Heinhorst, S.; Cannon, G.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.107 no.4 pp. 1277-1284
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; DNA replication; polymerization; nucleotides; nucleases; enzyme activity; isozymes; chloroplasts; DNA-directed DNA polymerase
Abstract:
... DNA polymerase was purified from soybean (Glycine max) chloroplasts that were actively replicating DNA. The main form (form I) of the enzyme was associated with a low level of 3' to 5' exonuclease activity throughout purification, although the ratio of exonuclease to polymerase activity decreased with each successive purification step. A second form (form II) of DNA polymerase, which elutes from D ...

38. Acetaldehyde is a causal agent responsible for ethanol-induced ripening inhibition in tomato fruit

Author:
Beaulieu, J.C.; Peiser, G.; Saltveit, M.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 431-439
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
temperature; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; ripening; ethanol; dose response; acetaldehyde; biosynthesis; quantitative analysis; alcohol dehydrogenase; aldehyde dehydrogenase; enzyme inhibitors
Abstract:
... Inhibition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit ripening by exogenously applied ethanol was shown to be caused by elevated endogenous levels of acetaldehyde (AA). Exposure of excised pericarp discs of mature-green tomato fruit to ethanol or AA vapors produced elevated levels of both compounds in the tissue, but only the levels of AA were associated with ripening inhibition. Ripening inh ...

39. Acid-soluble nucleotides of Pinto bean leaves at different stages of development

Author:
Weinstein, L.H.; McCune, D.C.; Mancini, J.F.; Van Leuken, P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1969 v.44 no.11 pp. 1499-1510
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
botany; Plant Science and Plant Products
DOI:
10.1104/pp.44.11.1499
PubMed:
16657232

40. Actin depolymerization affects stress-induced translational activity of potato tuber tissue

Author:
Morelli, J.K.; Zhou, W.; Yu, J.; Lu, C.; Vayda, M.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.4 pp. 1227-1237
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
anaerobic conditions; biosynthesis; protein synthesis; oxygen requirement; polymerization; stress response; Solanum tuberosum; microfilaments; colchicine; tubers; potatoes; polyribosomes; periderm; actin; metabolic inhibitors; cytochalasin D; postharvest physiology
Abstract:
... Changes in polymerized actin during stress conditions were correlated with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber protein synthesis. Fluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analyses indicated that filamentous actin was nearly undetectable in mature, quiescent aerobic tubers. Mechanical wounding of postharvest tubers resulted in a localized increase of polymerized actin, and microfilament bundles were ...

41. Actin filaments in mature guard cells are radically distributed and involved in stomatal movement

Author:
Kim, M.; Hepler, P.K.; Eun, S.O.; Ha, K.S.; Lee, Y.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.3 pp. 1077-1087
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
stomatal movement; guard cells; protoplasts; cytochalasins; Commelina communis; spatial distribution; antagonists; ion transport; age; microfilaments; structure-activity relationships; microtubules; actin; cell differentiation; abscisic acid
Abstract:
... Stomatal movements, which regulate gas exchange in plants, involve pronounced changes in the shape and volume of the guard cell. To test whether the changes are regulated by actin filaments, we visualized microfilaments in mature guard cells and examined the effects of actin antagonists on stomatal movements. Immunolocalization on fixed cells and microinjection of fluorescein isothiocyanate-phallo ...

42. Actin filaments modulate both stomatal opening and inward K+ -channel activities in guard cells of Vicia faba L

Author:
Hwang, J.U.; Suh, S.; Yi, H.; Kim, J.; Lee, Y.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 335-342
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Vicia faba; stomatal movement; guard cells; protoplasts; volume; potassium; ion transport; actin; polymerization; metabolic inhibitors; electric current; membrane potential; measurement; cytochalasin D
Abstract:
... Actin antagonists have previously been shown to alter responses of Commelina communis stomata to physiological stimuli, implicating actin filaments in the control of guard cell volume changes (M. Kim, P.K. Hepler, S.-O. Eun, K.S. Ha, Y. Lee [1995] Plant Physiol 109:1077-1084). Since K+ channels in the guard cell play an important role in stomatal movements, we examined the possible regulation of K ...

43. Actin-bundling protein isolated from pollen tubes of lily: biochemical and immunocytochemical characterization

Author:
Yokota, E.; Takahara, K.; Shimmen, T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.4 pp. 1421-1429
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
binding proteins; pollen tubes; physicochemical properties; Lilium longiflorum; actin; immunocytochemistry; fluorescent antibody technique; protein composition
Abstract:
... A 135-kD actin-bundling protein was purified from pollen tubes of lily (Lilium longiflorum) using its affinity to F-actin. From a crude extract of the pollen tubes, this protein was coprecipitated with exogenously added F-actin and then dissociated from F-actin by treating it with high-ionic-strength solution. The protein was further purified sequentially by chromatography on a hydroxylapatite col ...

44. Action of phytochrome during prechilling of Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds

Author:
Taylorson, R.B.; Hendricks, S.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1969 v.44 no.6 pp. 821-825
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
botany; Plant Science and Plant Products
DOI:
10.1104/pp.44.6.821
PubMed:
16657136

45. Activation of host defense mechanisms by elevated production of H2O2 in transgenic plants

Author:
Wu, G.; Shortt, B.J.; Lawrence, E.B.; Leon, J.; Fitzsimmons, K.C.; Levine, E.B.; Raskin, I.; Shah, D.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.2 pp. 427-435
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Solanum tuberosum; Verticillium dahliae; plant pathogenic fungi; leaves; pathogenicity; disease resistance; hydrogen peroxide; biosynthesis; salicylic acid; quantitative analysis; gene expression; transgenic plants; messenger RNA; genetic code; glucose oxidase; peroxidases; chitinase; isozymes; enzyme activity; stems; roots; lignin; genetic variation; chemical constituents of plants; genotype
Abstract:
... Active oxygen specieshave been postulated to perform multiple functions in plant defense, but their exact role in plant resistance to diseases is not fully understood. We have recently demonstrated H2O2-mediated disease resistance in transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants expressing a foreign gene encoding glucose oxidase. In this study we provide further evidence that the H2O2-mediated dise ...

46. Activation of plant plasma membrane Ca2+-permeable channels by race-specific fungal elicitors

Author:
Gelli, A.; Higgins, V.J.; Blumwald, E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.1 pp. 269-279
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; calcium; defense mechanisms; ion transport; plant pathogenic fungi; disease resistance; plasma membrane; phosphorylation; enzyme activity; cell suspension culture; leaves; Passalora fulva
Abstract:
... The response of plant cells to invading pathogens is regulated by fluctuations in cytosolic Ca2+ levels that are mediated by Ca2+-permeable channels located at the plasma membrane of the host cell. The mechanisms by which fungal elicitors can induce Ca2+ uptake by the host cell were examined by the application of conventional patch-clamp techniques. Whole-cell and single-channel experiments on tom ...

47. Acylphloroglucinol biosynthesis in strawberry fruit

Author:
Chuankui Song; Ludwig Ring; Thomas Hoffmann; Fong-Chin Huang; Janet P. Slovin; Wilfried Schwab
Source:
Plant physiology 2015 v.169 no.3 pp. 1656-1670
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
isotope labeling; glucosides; genes; malonyl coenzyme A; metabolites; strawberries; diploidy; amino acids; phytopharmaceuticals; anthocyanins; naringenin-chalcone synthase; proteins; naringenin; biosynthesis; fruits; Fragaria ananassa; transgenic plants; catalysts; chalcone; ripening; genetic techniques and protocols; fruit crops; evolutionary adaptation; phenolic compounds
Abstract:
... Phenolics have health-promoting properties and are a major group of metabolites in fruit crops. Through reverse genetic analysis of the functions of four ripening-related genes in the octoploid strawberry, Fragaria ×ananassa, we discovered four acylphloroglucinol (APG)-glucosides as native strawberry fruit metabolites whose levels were differently regulated in the transgenic fruits. The biosynthes ...
Handle:
10113/61438
DOI:
10.1104/pp.15.00794
PubMed:
26169681
PubMed Central:
PMC4634061

48. Adaptation of active proton pumping and plasmalemma ATPase activity of corn roots to low root medium pH. [Erratum: Aug 1998, v. 117 (4), p. 1528.]

Author:
Yan, F.; Feuerle, R.; Schaffer, S.; Fortmeier, H.; Schubert, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.1 pp. 311-319
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
membrane permeability; Zea mays; stress response; ion transport; enzyme inhibitors; pH; vanadium; hydrolysis; plasma membrane; proton pump; measurement; roots; enzyme activity; adenosinetriphosphatase
Abstract:
... Corn (Zea mays L.) root adaptation to pH 3.5 in comparison with pH 6.0 (control) was investigated in long-term nutrient solution experiments. When pH was gradually reduced, comparable root growth was observed irrespective of whether the pH was 3.5 or 6.0. After low-pH adaptation, H+ release of corn roots in vivo at pH 5.6 was about 3 times higher than that of control. Plasmalemma of corn roots was ...

49. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate is required for the assembly of 11A seed proglobulins in vitro

Author:
Nam, Y.W.; Jung, R.; Nielsen, N.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.4 pp. 1629-1639
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; Vicia faba; seeds; globulins; protein synthesis; adenosine triphosphate; binding sites
Abstract:
... Seed protein proglobulins were synthesized from cDNAs in reticulocyte lysates. Most proglobulins were recovered as trimers when translation rates were low, but mostly monomers were recovered at high translation rates. The prevalence of monomers was accompanied by elevated amounts of insoluble protein recovered at the bottom of sucrose density gradients. Apyrase treatment of translation mixtures af ...

50. Adenosine triphosphatase activity associated with mung bean mitochondria

Author:
Blackmon, W.J.; Moreland, D.E.
Source:
Plant physiology 1971 v.47 no.4 pp. 532-536
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
botany; Plant Science and Plant Products
DOI:
10.1104/pp.47.4.532
PubMed:
16657655

51. Adventitious root growth and cell-cycle induction in deepwater rice

Author:
Lorbiecke, R.; Sauter, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.119 no.1 pp. 21-29
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
ethylene; rice; cell growth; Oryza sativa; developmental stages; genes; phosphotransferases (kinases); dose response; stems; histones; cell division; adventitious roots; gene expression; transcription (genetics); auxins; gibberellins; flooded conditions; stress response; cytokinins; plant morphology
Abstract:
... Deepwater rice (Oryza sativa) is adapted to survive conditions of severe flooding over extended periods of time. During such periods adventitious roots develop to provide water, nutrients, and anchorage. In the present study the growth of adventitious roots was induced by treatment with ethylene but not auxin, cytokinin, or gibberellin. Root elongation was enhanced between 8 and 10 h after submerg ...

52. Age-induced protein modifications and increased proteolysis in potato seed-tubers

Author:
Kumar, G.N.M.; Houtz, R.L.; Knowles, N.R.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.119 no.1 pp. 89-99
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cysteine proteinases; glycation; protein synthesis; Solanum tuberosum; proteolysis; biochemical pathways; patatin; oxidation; proteinase inhibitors; seed tubers; enzyme activity; protein composition
Abstract:
... Long-term aging of potato (Solanum tuberosum) seed-tubers resulted in a loss of patatin (40 kD) and a cysteine-proteinase inhibitor, potato multicystatin (PMC), as well as an increase in the activities of 84-, 95-, and 125-kD proteinases. Highly active, additional proteinases (75, 90, and 100 kD) appeared in the oldest tubers. Over 90% of the total proteolytic activity in aged tubers was sensitive ...

53. Aging of dry desiccation-tolerant pollen does not affect protein secondary structure

Author:
Wolkers, W.F.; Hoekstra, F.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.3 pp. 907-915
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
phase transition; viability; rehydration; Typha latifolia; age; microsomes; lipids; denaturation; cell membranes; cytoplasm; spectral analysis; infrared spectroscopy; pollen; molecular conformation
Abstract:
... Protein secondary structure and membrane phase behavior in aging Typha latifolia pollen were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR). Membranes isolated from fresh pollen occurred mainly in the liquid crystalline phase at room temperature, whereas the membrane fluidity of aged pollen was drastically decreased. This decrease did not result in large-scale irreversible ...

54. Al inhibits both shoot development and root growth in als3, an Al-sensitive Arabidopsis mutant

Author:
Larsen, P.B.; Kochian, L.V.; Howell, S.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.4 pp. 1207-1214
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; plant development; biosynthesis; phenotype; callose; phytotoxicity; stress response; aluminum; mutants; genotype; genetic variation; ultrastructure; plant morphology; roots; leaves; shoots
Abstract:
... In als3, an Al-sensitive Arabidopsis mutant, shoot development and root growth are sensitive to Al. Mutant als3 seedlings grown in an Al-containing medium exhibit severely inhibited leaf expansion and root growth. In the presence of Al, unexpanded leaves accumulate callose, an indicator of Al damage in roots. The possibility that the inhibition of shoot development in als3 is due to the hyperaccum ...

55. Al partitioning patterns and root growth as related to Al sensitivity and Al tolerance in wheat

Author:
Samuels, T.D.; Kucukakyuz, K.; Rincon-Zachary, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.2 pp. 527-534
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; quantitative analysis; dose response; phytotoxicity; cultivars; translocation (plant physiology); biological resistance
Abstract:
... Studies of Al partitioning and accumulation and of the effect of Al on the growth of intact wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots of cultivars that show differential Al sensitivity were conducted. The effects of various Al concentrations on root growth and Al accumulation inthe tissue were followed for 24 h. At low external Al concentrations, Al accumulation in the root tips was low and root growth w ...

56. Al toxicity in yeast. A role for Mg?

Author:
MacDiarmid, C.W.; Gardner, R.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.3 pp. 1101-1109
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; aluminum; phytotoxicity; metal tolerance; ion transport; cations; calcium; cobalt; magnesium; organic acids and salts; ionic strength; strain differences; selection criteria; phosphates
Abstract:
... We have established conditions in which soluble Al is toxic to the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The major modifications to a standard synthetic medium were lowering the pH and the concentration of Mg ions. Alterations to the PO4, Ca, or K concentration had little effect on toxicity. Organic acids known to chelate Al reduced its toxicity, suggesting that Al3+ is the toxic Al species. The unique ...

57. Al-induced, 51-kilodalton, membrane-bound proteins are associated with resistance to Al in a segregating population of wheat

Author:
Taylor, G.J.; Basu, A.; Basu, U.; Slaski, J.J.; Zhang, G.; Good, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.1 pp. 363-372
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cultivars; sulfur; protein synthesis; dose response; quantitative analysis; callose; phytotoxicity; radiolabeling; stress response; cytosol; microsomes; Triticum aestivum; aluminum; mitochondria; tonoplast; genetic variation; plasma membrane; genotype; protein composition
Abstract:
... Incorporation of 35S into protein is reduced by exposure to Al in wheat (Triticum aestivum), but the effects are genotype-specific. Exposure to 10 to 75 micromolars Al had little effect on 35S incorporation into total protein, nuclear and mitochondrial protein, microsomal protein, and cytosolic protein in the Al-resistant cultivar PT741. In contrast, 10 micromolars Al reduced incorporation by 21 t ...

58. Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase in a flacca tomato mutant with deficient abscisic acid and wilty phenotype

Author:
Sagi, M.; Fluhr, R.; Lips, S.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.120 no.2 pp. 571-577
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
xanthine dehydrogenase; wilting; biosynthesis; aldehyde oxidoreductases; phenotype; immunohistochemistry; shoots; genotype; mutants; active transport; abscisic acid; xylem; roots; nitrates; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum
Abstract:
... The flacca tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) mutant displays a wilty phenotype as a result of abscisic acid (ABA) deficiency. The Mo cofactor (MoCo)-containing aldehyde oxidases (AO;EC 1.2.3.1) are thought to play a role in the final oxidation step required for ABA biosynthesis. AO and related MoCo-containing enzymes xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH; EC 1.2.1.37) and nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) were ...

59. Algal phylogeny and the origin of land plants

Author:
Bhattacharya, D.; Medlin, L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.1 pp. 9-15
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
land; algae; plastids; phylogeny

60. Allelopathy and grain crop production

Author:
Minorsky, P.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 2002 v.130 no.4 pp. 1745-1746
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Oryza sativa; rice; Triticum aestivum; wheat; Zea mays; corn; grain crops; food crops; Sorghum bicolor; Hordeum vulgare; barley; seedlings; plant development; allelopathy; crop yield; allelochemicals

61. Allocation of S in generative growth of soybean

Author:
Sunarpi; Anderson, J.W.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 687-693
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; leaves; pods; seeds; sulfur; sulfates; nutrient transport; nitrogen; glutathione; cysteine; methionine; seed development; developmental stages; chemical constituents of plants
Abstract:
... Soybean plants (Glycine max L. Merr) were grown with 100 micromolar S and 15 mM N and studied with respect to S allocation during grain development. The grains accounted for 87% of the S taken up after d 42, the balance coming from internal redistribution of S from leaves and pods. Detailed studies of the leaves, pods, and grains associated with leaf axils 6 and 7 showed that sulfate accumulated i ...

62. Alterations in Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi cell membrane function following treatment with an ethylene biosynthesis-inducing endoxylanase

Author:
Bailey, B.A.; Korcak, R.F.; Anderson, J.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 749-755
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
membrane permeability; glycosidases; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; ethylene; biosynthesis; inorganic ions; calcium; Trichoderma viride; ion transport; Nicotiana tabacum; cell membranes; potassium; cell suspension culture; defense mechanisms
Abstract:
... An ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase (EIX) produced by the fungus Trichoderma viride elicited enhanced ethylene biosynthesis and leakage of potassium and other cellular components when applied to leaf disks of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi). Suspension-cultured cells of Xanthi tobacco responded to EIX by rapid efflux of potassium, uptake of calcium, alkalization of the medium, inhi ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.749
PubMed:
16653055

63. Alterations in structural polysaccharides during liquefaction of tomato locule tissue

Author:
Cheng, G.W.; Huber, D.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.111 no.2 pp. 447-457
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
metabolism; hemicellulose; pectins; polygalacturonase; developmental stages; ripening; ultrastructure; enzyme activity; metabolites; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; Florida
Abstract:
... The locule tissue of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.) undergoes extensive liquefaction during ripening. In this study, the solubility, molecular mass, and glycosyl composition of locule pectic and alkali-soluble polysaccharides were examined with the aim of identifying features contributing to the unique properties of this tissue. Ethanol-insoluble solids were prepared from de-seeded locule ...

64. Alterations in the cytoskeleton accompany aluminum-induced growth inhibition and morphological changes in primary roots of maize

Author:
Blancaflor, E.B.; Jones, D.L.; Gilroy, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.1 pp. 159-172
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
cortex; Zea mays; phytotoxicity; polymerization; developmental stages; microfilaments; aluminum; roots; fluorescent antibody technique
Abstract:
... Although Al is one of the major factors limiting crop production, the mechanisms of toxicity remain unknown. The growth inhibition and swelling of roots associated with Al exposure suggest that the cytoskeleton may be a target of Al toxicity. Using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, microtubules and microfilaments in maize (Zea mays L.) roots were visualized and changes in their organization ...

65. Altered Zn compartmentation in the root symplasm and stimulated Zn absorption into the leaf as mechanisms involved in Zn hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens

Author:
Lasat, M.M.; Baker, A.J.M.; Kochian, L.V.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.118 no.3 pp. 875-883
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
nutrient transport; quantitative analysis; zinc; cell walls; seedlings; nutrient uptake; vacuoles; symplast; Thlaspi arvense; xylem; roots; leaves
Abstract:
... We investigated Zn compartmentation in the root, Zn transport into the xylem, and Zn absorption into leaf cells in Thlaspi caerulescens, a Zn-hyperaccumulator species, and compared them with those of arelated nonaccumulator species, Thlaspi arvense. 65Zn-compartmental analysis concluded with roots of the two species indicated that a significant fraction of symplasmic Zn was stored in the root vacu ...

66. Altered growth and wood characteristics in transgenic hybrid aspen expressing Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA indoleacetic acid-biosynthetic genes

Author:
Tuominen, H.; Sitbon, F.; Jacobsson, C.; Sandberg, G.; Olsson, O.; Sundberg, B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.4 pp. 1179-1189
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Populus; hybrids; recombinant DNA; transgenic plants; gene expression; stems; leaves; dimensions; xylem; cell differentiation; wood anatomy; plant morphology; phenotypic variation; tree breeding; wood properties; indole acetic acid
Abstract:
... A key regulator of cambial growth is the plant hormone indoleacetic acid (IAA). Here we report on altered wood characteristics and growth patterns in transgenic hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. X Populus tremuloides Michx.) expressing Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA IAA-biosynthetic iaaM and iaaH genes. Eighteen lines simultaneously expressing both genes were regenerated. Of these, four lines, ver ...

67. Altered middle lamella homogalacturonan and disrupted deposition of (1 to 5)-alpha-L-arabinan in the pericarp of Cnr, a ripening mutant of tomato

Author:
Orfila, C.; Seymour, G.B.; Willats, W.G.T.; Huxham, I.M.; Jarvis, M.C.; Dover, C.J.; Thompson, A.J.; Knox, J.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 2001 v.126 no.1 pp. 210-221
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
pericarp; phenotype; chemical constituents of plants; cell walls; developmental stages; arabinose; ripening; mutants; adhesion; genetic variation; galacturonic acid; Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum
Abstract:
... Cnr (colorless non-ripening) is a pleiotropic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit ripening mutant with altered tissue properties including weaker cell-to-cell contacts in the pericarp (A.J. Thompson, M. Tor, C.S. Barry, J. Vrebalov, C. Orfila, M.C. Jarvis, J.J. Giovannoni, D. Grierson, G.B. Seymour [1999] Plant Physiol 120: 383-390). Whereas the genetic basis of the Cnr mutation is being identi ...

68. Alternative oxidase activity and the ubiquinone redox level in soybean cotyledon and Arum spadix mitochondria during NADH and succinate oxidation

Author:
Hoefnagel, M.H.N.; Wiskich, J.T.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.110 no.4 pp. 1329-1335
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arum maculatum; NAD (coenzyme); Glycine max; succinic acid; pyruvic acid; flowers; cotyledons; oxidoreductases; ubiquinones; mitochondria; oxidation; malonic acid; kinetics; heat production; enzyme activity; measurement
Abstract:
... In Arum and soybean (Glycine max L.) mitochondria, the dependence of the alternative oxidase activity on the redox level of ubiquinone, with NADH and succinate as substrates, was studied, using a voltametric procedure to measure the ubiquinone redox poise in the mitochondrial membrane. The results showed that when the enzyme was activated by pyruvate the relationship between the alternative oxidas ...

69. Alternative oxidase activity in tobacco leaf mitochondria. Dependence on tricarboxylic acid cycle-mediated redox regulation and pyruvate activation

Author:
Vanlerberghe, G.C.; Day, D.A.; Wiskich, J.T.; Vanlerberghe, A.E.; McIntosh, L.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.2 pp. 353-361
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
organic acids and salts; transgenic plants; oxygen consumption; electron transfer; antimycin A; NADP (coenzyme); oxidoreductases; reducing agents; Nicotiana tabacum; mitochondria; enzyme activity; electron transport chain
Abstract:
... Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (cv Petit Havana SR1) containing high levels of mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) protein due to the introduction of a sense transgene(s) of Aox1, the nuclear gene encoding AOX, were used to investigate mechanisms regulating AOX activity. After purification of leaf mitochondria, a large proportion of the AOX protein was present as the oxidized (covalently associa ...

70. Aluminum induces a decrease in cytosolic calcium concentration in BY-2 tobacco cell cultures

Author:
Jones, D.L.; Kochian, L.V.; Gilroy, S.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.116 no.1 pp. 81-89
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; cell suspension culture; aluminum; phytotoxicity; cytosol; chemical composition; calcium; quantitative analysis; membrane permeability; cell growth; lanthanum; chelating agents; verapamil; ion transport; developmental stages; plant anatomy; plasma membrane; stress response
Abstract:
... Al toxicity is a major problem that limits crop productivity on acid soils. It has been suggested that Al toxicity is linked to changes in cellular Ca homeostasis and the blockage of plasma membrane Ca2+-permeable channels. BY-2 suspension-cultured cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) exhibit rapid cell expansion that is sensitive to Al. Therefore, the effect of Al on changes in cytoplasmic fre ...

71. Aluminum induces rigor within the actin network of soybean cells

Author:
Grabski, S.; Schindler, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.3 pp. 897-901
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; cell growth; phytotoxicity; developmental stages; pollen tubes; aluminum; growth retardation; cell wall components; actin; measurement; roots
Abstract:
... Aluminum is toxic to both plants and animals. Root growth and pollen-tube extension are inhibited after aluminum stress in acidic environments. Incubation of cultured neurons with aluminum results in the formation of neurofibrillar tangles reminiscent of the neural pathology observed in Alzheimer's disease. The present communication demonstrate that aluminum induced a rapid and dramatic increase i ...

72. Aluminum tolerance acquired during phosphate starvation in cultured tobacco cells

Author:
Yamamoto, Y.; Masamoto, K.; Rikiishi, S.; Hachiya, A.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Matsumoto, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.1 pp. 217-227
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; cultured cells; aluminum; metal tolerance; phytotoxicity; iron; synergism; nutrient deficiencies; nutrient solutions; lipid peroxidation; antioxidants; beta-carotene; phosphates; plasma membrane; oxidative stress
Abstract:
... Al toxicity in cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL) has been investigated in nutrient medium. In this system, Al and Fe(II) (ferrous ion) in the medium synergistically result in the accumulation of both Al and Fe, the peroxidation of lipids, and eventually death in cells at the logarithmic phase of growth (+P cells). A lipophilic antioxidant, N,N'- ...

73. Aluminum-induced 1 leads to 3-beta-D-glucan inhibits cell-to-cell trafficking of molecules through plasmodesmata. A new mechanism of aluminum toxicity in plants

Author:
Sivaguru, M.; Fujiwara, T.; Samaj, J.; Baluska, F.; Yang, Z.; Osawa, H.; Maeda, T.; Mori, T.; Volkmann, D.; Matsumoto, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 2000 v.124 no.3 pp. 991-1005
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Triticum aestivum; roots; aluminum; phytotoxicity; plasmodesmata; glucans; callose; immunohistochemistry; developmental stages; translocation (plant physiology); symplast; stress response
Abstract:
... Symplastic intercellular transport in plants is achieved by plasmodesmata (PD). These cytoplasmic channels are well known to interconnect plant cells to facilitate intercellular movement of water, nutrients, and signaling molecules including hormones. However, it is not known whether Al may affect this cell-to-cell transport process, which is a critical feature for roots as organs of nutrient/wate ...

74. Amelioration of ozone-induced oxidative damage in wheat plants grown under high carbon dioxide. Role of antioxidant enzymes

Author:
Rao, M.V.; Hale, B.A.; Ormrod, D.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.2 pp. 421-432
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
carbon dioxide; plant nutrition; glutathione-disulfide reductase; ascorbate peroxidase; superoxide dismutase; NADP (coenzyme); isozymes; ozone; environmental exposure; Triticum aestivum; carotenoids; oxidation; biomass production; enzyme activity; chlorophyll; peroxidase; antioxidants; leaves
Abstract:
... O3-induced changes in growth, oxidative damage to protein, and specific activities of certain antioxidant enzymes were investigated in wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L. cv Roblin) grown under ambient or high CO2. High CO2 enhanced shoot biomass of wheat plants, whereas O3 exposure decreased shoot biomass. The shoot biomass was relatively unaffected in plants grown under a combination of high CO2 a ...

75. Amide-linked indoleacetic acid conjugates may control levels of indoleacetic acid in germinating seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris

Author:
Bialek, K.; Cohen, J.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.4 pp. 2002-2007
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Phaseolus vulgaris; amides; cotyledons; seed germination; seedling growth; indole acetic acid
Abstract:
... We have shown that amide-linked IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) conjugates accumulated to high levels during maturation of bean seeds (K. Bialek and J.D. Cohen [1989] Plant Physiol 91: 775-779). In the present study, we were interested in the fate of these and other IAA conjugates during seed germination. The content of amide-linked conjugates of IAA in cotyledons declined dramatically during the first ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.4.2002
PubMed:
16653230

76. Amino Acid Polymorphisms in Strictly Conserved Domains of a P-Type ATPase HMA5 Are Involved in the Mechanism of Copper Tolerance Variation in Arabidopsis

Author:
Kobayashi, Yuriko; Kuroda, Keishi; Kimura, Keisuke; Southron-Francis, Jennafer L.; Furuzawa, Aya; Kimura, Kazuhiko; Iuchi, Satoshi; Kobayashi, Masatomo; Taylor, Gregory J.; Koyama, Hiroyuki
Source:
Plant physiology 2008 v.148 no.2 pp. 969-980
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; adenosinetriphosphatase; alleles; amino acid sequences; amino acid substitution; asparagine; chromosomes; islands; mutants; phenotypic variation; plant nutrition; proline; proteins; quantitative trait loci; root growth; roots; shoots; transfer DNA; yeasts; Cape Verde
Abstract:
... Copper (Cu) is an essential element in plant nutrition, but it inhibits the growth of roots at low concentrations. Accessions of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) vary in their tolerance to Cu. To understand the molecular mechanism of Cu tolerance in Arabidopsis, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and accession studies. One major QTL on chromosome 1 (QTL1) explained 52% of the p ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.108.119933
PubMed:
18701674

77. Amino acid utilization in seeds of loblolly pine during germination and early seedling growth. I. Arginine and arginase activity

Author:
King, J.E.; Gifford, D.J.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.113 no.4 pp. 1125-1135
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Pinus taeda; seed germination; seedling growth; seeds; arginine; metabolism; arginase; enzyme activity; protein degradation; metabolites; free amino acids; developmental stages; quantitative analysis
Abstract:
... The mobilization and utilization of the major storage proteins in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds following imbibition were investigated. Most of the seed protein reserves were contained within the megagametophyte. Breakdown of these proteins occurred primarily following radicle emergence and correlated with a substantial increase in the free amino acid pool in the seedling; the majority of t ...

78. Ammonia flux between oilseed rape plants and the atmosphere in response to changes in leaf temperature, light intensity, and air humidity. Interactions with leaf conductance and apoplastic NH4+ and H+ concentrations

Author:
Husted, S.; Schjoerring, J.K.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.1 pp. 67-74
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Brassica napus; ammonia; gas exchange; leaves; temperature; light intensity; relative humidity; leaf conductance
Abstract:
... NH3 exchange between oilseed rape (Brassica napus) plants and the atmosphere was examined at realistic ambient NH3 levels under controlled environmental conditions. Different leaf conductances to NH3 diffusion were obtained by changing leaf temperature (10 to 40 degrees C), light intensity (0 to 600 micromoles m-2 s-1), and air humidity (20 to 80%), respectively. NH3 adsorption to the cuticle with ...

79. Ammonium ion and the flowering of Lemna perpusilla

Author:
Hillman, W.S.; Posner, H.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1971 v.47 no.4 pp. 586-587
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
botany; Plant Science and Plant Products
DOI:
10.1104/pp.47.4.586
PubMed:
16657665

80. Amylolytic activities in cereal seeds under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Author:
Guglielminetti, L.; Yamaguchi, J.; Perata, P.; Alpi, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.3 pp. 1069-1076
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; starch granules; anaerobic conditions; beta-amylase; aerobic conditions; pullulanase; Hordeum vulgare; biosynthesis; Oryza sativa; seedlings; alpha-glucosidase; Triticum aestivum; hydrolysis; biodegradation; enzyme activity; hypoxia; alpha-amylase
Abstract:
... An adequate carbohydrate supply contributes to the survival of seeds under conditions of limited oxygen availability. The amount of soluble, readily fermentable carbohydrates in dry cereal seeds is usually very limited, with starch representing the main storage compound. Starch breakdown during the germination of cereal seeds is the result of the action of hydrolytic enzymes and only through the c ...

81. Anaerobic metabolism in plants

Author:
Kennedy, R.A.; Rumpho, M.E.; Fox, T.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.1 pp. 1-6
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
seed germination; anaerobic conditions; protein synthesis; seeds; seedlings; electron transfer; mitochondria; glycolysis; tricarboxylic acid cycle; flooding tolerance
Abstract:
... Exposure to oxygen deficits is more widespread in biological systems than is commonly believed. Until recently, the general perception of anaerobic metabolism was often limited to the induction of alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation as the sole biochemical response to hypoxia/anoxia. Developments in the physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of anaerobic responses in invertebrates, lowe ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.1.1
PubMed:
16652929

82. Analysis of 13NH4+ efflux in spruce roots. A test case for phase identification in compartmental analysis

Author:
Kronzucker, H.J.; Siddiqi, M.Y.; Glass, A.D.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.2 pp. 481-490
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Picea glauca; seedlings; roots; nutrient availability; radionuclides; alpha-ketoglutaric acid; methionine; sulfur; oxides; pH; aluminum; kinetics; translocation (plant physiology); inorganic ions; calcium; cell structures; ammonium compounds; ion exchange
Abstract:
... 13NH4+-efflux analyses were conducted with roots of intact Picea glauca (Moench) Voss. seedlings at external NH4+ concentrations of 100 micromolar and 1.5 mM. Three kinetically distinct phases were identified with half-lives of exchange of approximately 2 s, 30 s, and 14 min. The presumed identities of the subcellular compartments corresponding to these phases were confirmed by several techniques, ...

83. Analysis of cytokinin metabolism in ipt transgenic tobacco by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Author:
Redig, P.; Schmulling, T.; Onckelen, H. van.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.1 pp. 141-148
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Nicotiana tabacum; transgenic plants; genetic transformation; callus; cytokinins; metabolism; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; alkyl (aryl) transferases; structural genes; gene expression; isopentenyladenine; zeatin; homeostasis; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... The endogenous levels of the major, naturally occurring cytokinins in Pisum sativum ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit promoter-isopentenyl transferase gene (Pssu-ipt)-transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) callus were quantified using electrospray-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry during a 6-week subcultivation period. An ipt gene was expressed under control of a ...

84. Analysis of indole-3-acetic acid metabolites from Dalbergia dolichopetala by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Author:
Ostin, A.; Monteiro, A.M.; Crozier, A.; Jensen, E.; Sandberg, G.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.1 pp. 63-68
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Dalbergia; metabolism; cotyledons; high performance liquid chromatography; indole acetic acid; mass spectrometry; metabolites
Abstract:
... A mixture of [2-14C1] and [13C6]indole-3-acetic acid was applied to the cotyledons of 6-day-germinated seeds of "jacaranda do cerrado" (Dalbergia dolichopetala) and after 8 hours the seeds were extracted. Analysis of the fractionated extract by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography-radiocounting revealed the presence of five radiolabeled metabolite peaks (I-V). After further purifi ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.1.63
PubMed:
16653001

85. Analysis of promoter activity for the gene encoding pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase in stably transformed C4 Flaveria species

Author:
Rosche, E.; Chitty, J.; Westhoff, P.; Taylor, W.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.3 pp. 821-829
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
orthophosphates; developmental stages; cytosol; phosphotransferases (kinases); roots; promoter regions; stems; gene expression; Flaveria trinervia; photosynthesis; mesophyll; pyruvic acid; genetic code; enzyme activity; vascular bundles; genetic transformation; gene transfer; transgenic plants; reporter genes; beta-glucuronidase; chloroplasts; Flaveria bidentis
Abstract:
... The C4 enzyme pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase is encoded by a single gene, Pdk, in the C4 plant Flaveria trinervia. This gene also encodes enzyme isoforms located in the chloroplast and in the cytosol that do not have a function in C4 photosynthesis. Our goal is to identify cis-acting DNA sequences that regulate the expression of the gene that is active in the C4 cycle. We fused 1.5 kb of a 5' fl ...

86. Analysis of respiratory chain regulation in roots of soybean seedlings

Author:
Millar, A.H.; Atkins, O.K.; Menz, R.I.; Henry, B.; Farquhar, G.; Day, D.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1998 v.117 no.3 pp. 1083-1093
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Glycine max; protein content; seedlings; ontogeny; cytochrome-c oxidase; mitochondria; enzyme activity; roots; measurement
Abstract:
... Changes in the respiratory rate and the contribution of the cytochrome (Cyt) c oxidase and alternative oxidase (COX and AOX, respectively) were investigated in soybean (Glycine max L. cv Stevens) root seedlings using the 18O-discrimination method. In 4-d-old roots respiration proceeded almost entirely via COX, but by d 17 more than 50% of the flux occurred via AOX. During this period the capacity ...

87. Analysis of the expression of anthocyanin pathway genes in developing Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz grape berries and the implications for pathway regulation

Author:
Boss, P.K.; Davies, C.; Robinson, S.P.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.111 no.4 pp. 1059-1066
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
anthocyanins; flowering; biosynthesis; regulator genes; structural genes; biochemical pathways; gene expression; Vitis vinifera; fruiting
Abstract:
... Anthocyanin synthesis in Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz grape berries began 10 weeks postflowering and continued throughout berry ripening. Expression of seven genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (phenylalanine ammonia lyase [PAL], chalcone synthase [CHS], chalcone isomerase [CHI], flavanone-3-hydroxylase [F3H], dihydroflavonol 4-reductase [DFR], leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase [LDOX], and U ...

88. Analysis of the import of carboxyl-terminal truncations of the 23-kilodalton subunit of the oxygen-evolving complex suggests that its structure is an important determinant for thylakoid transport

Author:
Roffey, R.A.; Theg, S.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.111 no.4 pp. 1329-1338
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
thylakoids; photosystem II; plant proteins; amino acids; length; kinetics; translocation (plant physiology)
Abstract:
... A series of deletions from the carboxyl terminus of the 23-kD subunit of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex OE23 revealed that these truncations result in various degrees of inhibition of translocation across thylakoid membranes and their subsequent assembly to the oxygen-evolving complex. Import of in vitro translated precursors across the chloroplast envelopes was not inhibited by these ...

89. Analysis of the relative increase in photosynthetic O2 uptake when photosynthesis in grapevine leaves is inhibited following low night temperatures and/or water stress

Author:
Flexas, J.; Badger, M.; Chow, W.S.; Medrano, H.; Osmond, C.B.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.121 no.2 pp. 675-684
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Vitis vinifera; leaves; night temperature; water stress; photosynthesis; oxygen; air temperature; cold; roots; transpiration; drought; carbon dioxide; stable isotopes; gas exchange; light intensity; electron transfer
Abstract:
... We found similarities between the effects of low night temperatures (5 degrees C-10 degrees C) and slowly imposedwater stress on photosynthesis in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves. Exposure of plants growing outdoors to successive chilling nights caused light- and CO2-saturated photosynthetic O2 evolution to decline to zero within 5 d. Plants recovered after four warm nights. These photosynthe ...

90. Analyzing the light energy distribution in the photosynthetic apparatus of C4 plants using highly purified mesophyll and bundle-sheath thylakoids

Author:
Pfundel, E.; Nagel, E.; Meister, A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.3 pp. 1055-1070
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
NAD (coenzyme); malic enzyme; thylakoids; fluorescence; equations; NADP (coenzyme); biochemical pathways; photosystem II; carbon; spectral analysis; photosystem I; mesophyll; chlorophyll
Abstract:
... The chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of mesophyll and bundle-sheath thylakoids from plant species with the C4 dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthesis were investigated using flow cytometry. Ten species with the NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) biochemical type of C4 photosynthesis were tested: Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Euphorbia maculate L., Portulaca grandiflora Hooker, Saccharum o ...

91. Anion-channel blockers inhibit S-type anion channels and abscisic acid responses in guard cells

Author:
Schwartz, A.; Ilan, N.; Schwarz, M.; Scheaffer, J.; Assmann, S.M.; Schroeder, J.I.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.2 pp. 651-658
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Commelina communis; Vicia faba; leaves; anions; guard cells; stomatal movement; membrane potential; light; metabolic inhibitors; abscisic acid; ion transport; potassium; plasma membrane; duration
Abstract:
... The effects of anion-channel blockers on light-mediated stomatal opening, on the potassium dependence of stomatal opening, or stomatal responses to abscisic acid (ABA), and on current through slow anion channels in the plasma membrane of guard cells were investigated. The anion-channel blockers anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (9-AC) and niflumic acid blocked current through slow anion channels of Vic ...

92. Antagonistic but complementary actions of phytochromes A and B allow optimum seedling de-etiolation

Author:
Smith, H.; Xu, Y.; Quail, P.H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.114 no.2 pp. 637-641
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; seedlings; hypocotyls; phytochrome; dose response; red light; far-red light; genetic variation; genotype; etiolation
Abstract:
... Using dichromatic radiation, we show that the actions of phytochromes A and B (phyA and phyB) in Arabidopsis thaliana are antagonistic in mediating red and far-red radiation effects on seedling de-etiolation and yet act in a complementary manner to regulate de-etiolation, irrespective of spectral composition. At low phytochrome photoequilibria inhibition of hypocotyl extension was strong, because ...

93. Antenna size dependency of photoinactivation of photosystem II in light-acclimated pea leaves

Author:
Park, Y.I.; Chow, W.S.; Anderson, J.M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1997 v.115 no.1 pp. 151-157
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Pisum sativum; leaves; photosystem II; photoinhibition; light intensity; acclimation; oxygen; gas exchange; chlorophyll; fluorescence; anaerobic conditions; light harvesting complex
Abstract:
... Utilization of absorbed light energy by photosystem (PS) II for O2 evolution depends on the light-harvesting antenna size, but the role of antenna size in the photoinactivation of PSII seems controversial. To address this controversy, pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants were grown in low (50 micromole m-2 s-1) or high (650 micromole m-2 s-1) light. The doubled functional antenna size of PSII in low ligh ...

94. Antibodies that distinguish between the serine-158 phospho- and dephospho-form of spinach leaf sucrose-phosphate synthase

Author:
Weiner, H.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.108 no.1 pp. 219-225
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Spinacia oleracea; leaves; serine; phosphorylation; sucrose; glycosyltransferases; isozymes; enzyme activity; antibodies; peptides; immunoassays; cross reaction
Abstract:
... Serum antibodies were raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence surrounding the major inactivating phosphorylation site (serine-158) of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaf sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS). The anti-peptide antibodies precipitated highly activated SPS preferentially to ATP-inactivated SPS and interacted only weakly with the sodium dodecyl sulfate-dena ...

95. Antifreeze protein in winter rye are similar to pathogenesis-related proteins

Author:
Hon, W.C.; Griffith, M.; Mlynarz, A.; Kwok, Y.C.; Yang, D.S.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1995 v.109 no.3 pp. 879-889
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
freezing; evolution; spatial distribution; ice nucleation; acclimation; Secale cereale; freeze-thaw cycles; amino acid sequences; chitinase; beta-glucanase; immunologic techniques; enzyme activity; cold tolerance
Abstract:
... The ability to control extracellular ice formation during freezing is critical to the survival of freezing-tolerant plants. Antifreeze proteins, which are proteins that have the ability to retard ice crystal growth, were recently identified as the most abundant apoplastic proteins in cold-acclimated winter rye (Secale cereale L.) leaves. In the experiments reported here, amino-terminal sequence co ...

96. Antifreeze protein produced endogenously in winter rye leaves

Author:
Griffith, M.; Ala, P.; Yang, D.S.C.; Hon, W.C.; Moffatt, B.A.
Source:
Plant physiology 1992 v.100 no.2 pp. 593-596
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
freezing; protein synthesis; acclimation; Secale cereale; ice; cold tolerance; leaves; plant proteins
Abstract:
... After cold acclimation, winter rye (Secale cereale L.) is able to withstand the formation of extracellular ice at freezing temperatures. We now show, for the first time, that cold-acclimated winter rye plants contain endogenously produced antifreeze protein. The protein was extracted from the apoplast of winter rye leaves, where ice forms during freezing. After partial purification, the protein wa ...
DOI:
10.1104/pp.100.2.593
PubMed:
16653033

97. Antifreeze proteins in winter rye leaves form oligomeric complexes

Author:
Yu, X.M.; Griffith, M.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.119 no.4 pp. 1361-1369
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
freezing; polypeptides; winter; immunochemistry; cell walls; acclimation; Secale cereale; beta-glucanase; chitinase; surfaces; crystallization; ice; pathogenesis; enzyme activity; cold tolerance; chemical structure; leaves
Abstract:
... Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) similar to three pathogenesis-related proteins, a glucanase-like protein (GLP), a chitinase-like protein (CLP), and a thaumatin-like protein (TLP), accumulate during cold acclimation in winter rye (Secale cereale) leaves, where they are thought to modify the growth of intercellular ice during freezing. The objective of this study was to characterize the rye AFPs in their ...

98. Antioxidant response to NaCl stress in a control and an NaCl-tolerant cotton cell line grown in the presence of paraquat, buthionine sulfoximine, and exogenous glutathione

Author:
Gossett, D.R.; Banks, S.W.; Millhollon, E.P.; Lucas, M.C.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.112 no.2 pp. 803-809
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
salt tolerance; glutathione; enzymes; Gossypium hirsutum; stress response; sulfometuron; sodium chloride; cell lines; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... A cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) control and NaCl-tolerant cell line (cv Coker 312) were grown on media with or without NaCl in the presence or absence of paraquat, buthionine sulfoximine, and oxidized glutathione. On medium with 150 mM NaCl the NaCl-tolerant cell line exhibited no reduction in growth, whereas a 96% reduction was observed in the control line. The NaCl-tolerant cell line that was g ...

99. Antioxidative defense system, pigment composition, and photosynthetic efficiency in two wheat cultivars subjected to drought

Author:
Loggini, B.; Scartazza, A.; Brugnoli, E.; Navari-Izzo, F.
Source:
Plant physiology 1999 v.119 no.3 pp. 1091-1099
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
rehydration; lipid peroxidation; drought; neoxanthin; glutathione; zeaxanthin; Triticum aestivum; oxidation; cultivars; antheraxanthin; lutein; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; enzyme activity; fructose-bisphosphatase; biochemical pathways; glutathione peroxidase; photosystem II; chemical constituents of plants; chlorophyll; chloroplasts
Abstract:
... We analyzed antioxidative defenses, photosynthesis, and pigments (especially xanthophyll-cycle components) in two wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars, Adamello and Ofanto, during dehydration and rehydration to determine the difference in their sensitivities to drought and to elucidate the role of different protective mechanisms against oxidative stress. Drought caused a more pronounced inhibiti ...

100. Antisense RNA inhibition of RbcS gene expression reduces Rubisco level and photosynthesis in the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis

Author:
Furbank, R.T.; Chitty, J.A.; Von Caemmerer, S.; Jenkins, C.L.D.
Source:
Plant physiology 1996 v.111 no.3 pp. 725-734
ISSN:
0032-0889
Subject:
Flaveria bidentis; genetic transformation; antisense RNA; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; genes; gene expression; enzyme activity; photosynthesis; light intensity; carbon dioxide; carbon; biochemical pathways; phenotype
Abstract:
... The C4 dicot Flaveria bidentis was genetically transformed with an antisense RNA construct targeted to the nuclear-encoded gene for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; RbcS). RbcS mRNA levels in leaves of transformants were reduced by as much as 80% compared to wild-type levels, and extractable enzyme activity was reduced by up to 85%. There was no signif ...