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You searched for: Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Remove constraint Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Publication Year 2010 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2010 Source 2010 v.107 no.36 Remove constraint Source: 2010 v.107 no.36
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21. Epigenetic effects of polymorphic Y chromosomes modulate chromatin components, immune response, and sexual conflict

Author:
Lemos, Bernardo; Branco, Alan T.; Hartl, Daniel L.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15826-15831
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Drosophila; Y chromosome; centromeres; epigenetics; evolution; females; gene expression; genes; genotype; heterochromatin; immune response; loci; males; phenotype; phenotypic variation; protein products; satellite DNA; sexual dimorphism; somatic cells; transposons
Abstract:
... Genetic conflicts between sexes and generations provide a foundation for understanding the functional evolution of sex chromosomes and sexually dimorphic phenotypes. Y chromosomes of Drosophila contain multi-megabase stretches of satellite DNA repeats and a handful of protein-coding genes that are monomorphic within species. Nevertheless, polymorphic variation in heterochromatic Y chromosomes of D ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1010383107
PubMed:
20798037
PubMed Central:
PMC2936610

22. Evolutionary origin of a functional gonadotropin in the pituitary of the most primitive vertebrate, hagfish

Author:
Uchida, Katsuhisa; Moriyama, Shunsuke; Chiba, Hiroaki; Shimotani, Toyokazu; Honda, Kaori; Miki, Makoto; Takahashi, Akiyoshi; Sower, Stacia A.; Nozaki, Masumi
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15832-15837
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
anterior pituitary; developmental stages; glycoproteins; jaws; phylogeny; sex hormones; transcription (genetics); vertebrae; vertebrates
Abstract:
... Hagfish, which lack both jaws and vertebrae, are considered the most primitive vertebrate known, living or extinct. Hagfish have long been the enigma of vertebrate evolution not only because of their evolutionary position, but also because of our lack of knowledge on fundamental processes. Key elements of the reproductive endocrine system in hagfish have yet to be elucidated. Here, the presence an ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1002208107
PubMed:
20733079
PubMed Central:
PMC2936635

23. Extracellular DNA traps promote thrombosis

Author:
Fuchs, Tobias A.; Brill, Alexander; Duerschmied, Daniel; Schatzberg, Daphne; Monestier, Marc; Myers, Daniel D. Jr.; Wrobleski, Shirley K.; Wakefield, Thomas W.; Hartwig, John H.; Wagner, Denisa D.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15880-15885
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
DNA; Papio; adhesion; anticoagulants; antimicrobial proteins; blood platelets; cell adhesion; deoxyribonucleases; erythrocytes; fibrin; heparin; histones; inflammation; innate immunity; microorganisms; neutrophils; noninfectious diseases; thrombosis
Abstract:
... Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are part of the innate immune response to infections. NETs are a meshwork of DNA fibers comprising histones and antimicrobial proteins. Microbes are immobilized in NETs and encounter a locally high and lethal concentration of effector proteins. Recent studies show that NETs are formed inside the vasculature in infections and noninfectious diseases. Here we rep ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1005743107
PubMed:
20798043
PubMed Central:
PMC2936604

24. Ezh2, the histone methyltransferase of PRC2, regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in the cerebral cortex

Author:
Pereira, João D.; Sansom, Stephen N.; Smith, James; Dobenecker, Marc-Werner; Tarakhovsky, Alexander; Livesey, Frederick J.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15957-15962
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
cerebral cortex; chromatin; epigenetics; gene expression; histones; lysine; methyltransferases; neurogenesis; neurons; stem cells
Abstract:
... Multipotent progenitor cells of the cerebral cortex balance self-renewal and differentiation to produce complex neural lineages in a fixed temporal order in a cell-autonomous manner. We studied the role of the polycomb epigenetic system, a chromatin-based repressive mechanism, in controlling cortical progenitor cell self-renewal and differentiation. We found that the histone methyltransferase of p ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1002530107
PubMed:
20798045
PubMed Central:
PMC2936600

25. FGF receptor-4 (FGFR4) polymorphism acts as an activity switch of a membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase-FGFR4 complex

Author:
Sugiyama, Nami; Varjosalo, Markku; Meller, Pipsa; Lohi, Jouko; Chan, Kui Ming; Zhou, Zhongjun; Alitalo, Kari; Taipale, Jussi; Keski-Oja, Jorma; Lehti, Kaisa
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15786-15791
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
alleles; collagen; dissociation; fibroblast growth factor receptor 4; gain-of-function mutation; gene expression regulation; gene overexpression; interstitial collagenase; metastasis; mutants; neoplasm cells; neoplasms; phosphorylation; prognosis
Abstract:
... Tumor cells use membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) for invasion and metastasis. However, the signaling mechanisms that underlie MT1-MMP regulation in cancer have remained unclear. Using a systematic gain-of-function kinome screen for MT1-MMP activity, we have here identified kinases that significantly enhance MT1-MMP activity in tumor cells. In particular, we discovered an MT1-MMP/ ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0914459107
PubMed:
20798051
PubMed Central:
PMC2936587

26. Fine-tuning of neuronal architecture requires two profilin isoforms

Author:
Michaelsen, Kristin; Murk, Kai; Zagrebelsky, Marta; Dreznjak, Anita; Jockusch, Brigitte M.; Rothkegel, Martin; Korte, Martin
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15780-15785
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
actin; brain; dendrites; mammals
Abstract:
... Two profilin isoforms (PFN1 and PFN2a) are expressed in the mammalian brain. Although profilins are essential for regulating actin dynamics in general, the specific role of these isoforms in neurons has remained elusive. We show that knockdown of the neuron-specific PFN2a results in a significant reduction in dendrite complexity and spine numbers of hippocampal neurons. Overexpression of PFN1 in P ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1004406107
PubMed:
20798032
PubMed Central:
PMC2936622

27. Fold-change detection and scalar symmetry of sensory input fields

Author:
Shoval, Oren; Goentoro, Lea; Hart, Yuval; Mayo, Avi; Sontag, Eduardo; Alon, Uri
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15995-16000
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
cell communication; chemotaxis; physical properties; vision
Abstract:
... Recent studies suggest that certain cellular sensory systems display fold-change detection (FCD): a response whose entire shape, including amplitude and duration, depends only on fold changes in input and not on absolute levels. Thus, a step change in input from, for example, level 1 to 2 gives precisely the same dynamical output as a step from level 2 to 4, because the steps have the same fold ch ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1002352107
PubMed:
20729472
PubMed Central:
PMC2936624

28. Four-electron oxidation of p-hydroxylaminobenzoate to p-nitrobenzoate by a peroxodiferric complex in AurF from Streptomyces thioluteus

Author:
Li, Ning; Korboukh, Victoria Korneeva; Krebs, Carsten; Bollinger, J. Martin Jr.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15722-15727
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Streptomyces thioluteus; antibiotics; biosynthesis; nitrobenzoic acids; oxidation; oxygen; oxygenases; stoichiometry
Abstract:
... The nonheme di-iron oxygenase, AurF, converts p-aminobenzoate (Ar-NH₂, where Ar = 4-carboxyphenyl) to p-nitrobenzoate (Ar-NO₂) in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic, aureothin, by Streptomyces thioluteus. It has been reported that this net six-electron oxidation proceeds in three consecutive, two-electron steps, through p-hydroxylaminobenzoate (Ar-NHOH) and p-nitrosobenzoate (Ar-NO) intermediates, ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1002785107
PubMed:
20798054
PubMed Central:
PMC2936605

29. Functional interactions between membrane-bound transporters and membranes

Author:
Öjemyr, Linda Näsvik; Lee, Hyun Ju; Gennis, Robert B.; Brzezinski, Peter
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15763-15767
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
active sites; adenosine triphosphate; amino acids; bacteria; cell membranes; cytochrome-c oxidase; electrochemistry; energy conversion; mitochondria; protein-protein interactions; proton pump
Abstract:
... One key role of many cellular membranes is to hold a transmembrane electrochemical ion gradient that stores free energy, which is used, for example, to generate ATP or to drive transmembrane transport processes. In mitochondria and many bacteria, the gradient is maintained by proton-transport proteins that are part of the respiratory (electron-transport) chain. Even though our understanding of the ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1006109107
PubMed:
20798065
PubMed Central:
PMC2936589

30. Ghrelin secretion stimulated by β₁-adrenergic receptors in cultured ghrelinoma cells and in fasted mice

Author:
Zhao, Tong-Jin; Sakata, Ichiro; Li, Robert Lin; Liang, Guosheng; Richardson, James A.; Brown, Michael S.; Goldstein, Joseph L.; Zigman, Jeffrey M.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15868-15873
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
adrenergic agents; antagonists; culture media; epinephrine; fasting; ghrelin; messenger RNA; mice; neurons; neurotransmitters; norepinephrine; receptors; reserpine; secretion; stomach; tissue culture; transgenes
Abstract:
... Ghrelin, an octanoylated peptide hormone produced in the stomach, rises dramatically in mouse plasma during chronic severe calorie deprivation, an event that is essential to maintain life. The mechanism for this increase is not understood. Here, we study the control of ghrelin secretion in tissue culture cells derived from mice bearing ghrelinomas induced by a tissue-specific SV40 T-antigen transg ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1011116107
PubMed:
20713709
PubMed Central:
PMC2936616

31. H-NS forms a superhelical protein scaffold for DNA condensation

Author:
Arold, Stefan T.; Leonard, Paul G.; Parkinson, Gary N.; Ladbury, John E.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15728-15732
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
DNA; DNA packaging; crystallography; dimerization; gene expression; nucleoproteins; oligomerization; osmolarity; pH; scaffolding proteins; temperature
Abstract:
... The histone-like nucleoid structuring (H-NS) protein plays a fundamental role in DNA condensation and is a key regulator of enterobacterial gene expression in response to changes in osmolarity, pH, and temperature. The protein is capable of high-order self-association via interactions of its oligomerization domain. Using crystallography, we have solved the structure of this complete domain in an o ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1006966107
PubMed:
20798056
PubMed Central:
PMC2936596

32. Hyper telomere recombination accelerates replicative senescence and may promote premature aging

Author:
Hagelstrom, R. Tanner; Blagoev, Krastan B.; Niedernhofer, Laura J.; Goodwin, Edwin H.; Bailey, Susan M.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15768-15773
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
DNA; DNA repair; cell senescence; crossing over; fibroblasts; genome; humans; models; mutation; phenotype; telomeres
Abstract:
... Werner syndrome and Bloom syndrome result from defects in the RecQ helicases Werner (WRN) and Bloom (BLM), respectively, and display premature aging phenotypes. Similarly, XFE progeroid syndrome results from defects in the ERCC1-XPF DNA repair endonuclease. To gain insight into the origin of cellular senescence and human aging, we analyzed the dependence of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequenc ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1006338107
PubMed:
20798040
PubMed Central:
PMC2936608

33. Identification of dendritic antigen-presenting cells in the zebrafish

Author:
Lugo-Villarino, Geanncarlo; Balla, Keir M.; Stachura, David L.; Bañuelos, Karina; Werneck, Miriam B.F.; Traver, David
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15850-15855
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Danio rerio; T-lymphocytes; adults; agglutinins; antigen presentation; antigens; dendritic cells; gene expression; immune response; interleukin-12; lectins; mammals; models; pathogens; peanuts; tissues
Abstract:
... In mammals, dendritic cells (DCs) form the key link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. DCs act as immune sentries in various tissues and, upon encountering pathogen, engulf and traffic foreign antigen to secondary lymphoid tissues, stimulating antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Although DCs are of fundamental importance in orchestrating the mammalian immune response, their presence and f ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1000494107
PubMed:
20733076
PubMed Central:
PMC2936643

34. In planta changes in protein phosphorylation induced by the plant hormone abscisic acid

Author:
Kline, Kelli G.; Barrett-Wilt, Gregory A.; Sussman, Michael R.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15986-15991
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; abscisic acid; aquaporins; data collection; dephosphorylation; drought; germination; in vitro studies; leucine zipper; mass spectrometry; models; phosphoproteins; phosphotransferases (kinases); plant response; protein phosphorylation; proteomics; seed dormancy; serine; transcription factors
Abstract:
... Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone that controls seed dormancy and germination as well as the overall plant response to important environmental stresses such as drought. Recent studies have demonstrated that the ABA-bound receptor binds to and inhibits a class of protein phosphatases. To identify more broadly the phosphoproteins affected by this hormone in vivo, we used ¹⁴N/¹⁵N metabolic labeling to ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1007879107
PubMed:
20733066
PubMed Central:
PMC2936636

35. 12/15-lipoxygenase-derived lipid peroxides control receptor tyrosine kinase signaling through oxidation of protein tyrosine phosphatases

Author:
Conrad, Marcus; Sandin, Åsa; Förster, Heidi; Seiler, Alexander; Frijhoff, Jeroen; Dagnell, Markus; Bornkamm, Georg W.; Rådmark, Olof; van Huijsduijnen, Rob Hooft; Aspenström, Pontus; Böhmer, Frank; Östman, Arne
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15774-15779
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
active sites; cysteine; cytoskeleton; etiology; hydrogen peroxide; lipid peroxidation; lipids; oxidation; phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; phosphorylation; platelet-derived growth factor receptors; protein-tyrosine-phosphatase
Abstract:
... Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are regulated through reversible oxidation of the active-site cysteine. Previous studies have implied soluble reactive oxygen species (ROS), like H₂O₂, as the mediators of PTP oxidation. The potential role(s) of peroxidized lipids in PTP oxidation have not been described. This study demonstrates that increases in cellular lipid peroxides, induced by disruption ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1007909107
PubMed:
20798033
PubMed Central:
PMC2936618

36. Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors inhibit pathological pain in mice

Author:
Guan, Yun; Liu, Qin; Tang, Zongxiang; Raja, Srinivasa N.; Anderson, David J.; Dong, Xinzhong
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15933-15938
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
G-protein coupled receptors; adrenal medulla; adverse effects; agonists; analgesic effect; cattle; drugs; electrophysiology; genes; heat; hypersensitivity; inflammation; loci; mice; models; mutation; pain; sensory neurons
Abstract:
... An important objective of pain research is to identify novel drug targets for the treatment of pathological persistent pain states, such as inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) represent a large family of orphan receptors specifically expressed in small-diameter nociceptive primary sensory neurons. To determine the roles of Mrgprs in persistent pathol ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1011221107
PubMed:
20724664
PubMed Central:
PMC2936626

37. Mechanistic constraints from the substrate concentration dependence of enzymatic fluctuations

Author:
Moffitt, Jeffrey R.; Chemla, Yann R.; Bustamante, Carlos
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15739-15744
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
bacteriophages; enzymes; models; packaging; statistics
Abstract:
... The time it takes an enzyme to complete its reaction is a stochastic quantity governed by thermal fluctuations. With the advent of high-resolution methods of single-molecule manipulation and detection, it is now possible to observe directly this natural variation in the enzymatic cycle completion time and extract kinetic information from the statistics of its fluctuations. To this end, the inverse ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1006997107
PubMed:
20729471
PubMed Central:
PMC2936640

38. Metallic ferromagnetism in the Kondo lattice

Author:
Yamamoto, Seiji J.; Si, Qimiao
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15704-15707
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
computers; electrons; magnetism; metals; phase transition; temperature; thermodynamics
Abstract:
... Metallic magnetism is both ancient and modern, occurring in such familiar settings as the lodestone in compass needles and the hard drive in computers. Surprisingly, a rigorous theoretical basis for metallic ferromagnetism is still largely missing. The Stoner approach perturbatively treats Coulomb interactions when the latter need to be large, whereas the Nagaoka approach incorporates thermodynami ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1009498107
PubMed:
20798053
PubMed Central:
PMC2936653

39. miRNA-based mechanism for the commitment of multipotent progenitors to a single cellular fate

Author:
Mann, Mati; Barad, Omer; Agami, Reuven; Geiger, Benjamin; Hornstein, Eran
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15804-15809
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
cell differentiation; gene expression regulation; macrophages; microRNA; monocytes; osteoclasts; stem cells; transcription (genetics); transcription factors
Abstract:
... When stem cells and multipotent progenitors differentiate, they undergo fate restriction, enabling a single fate and blocking differentiation along alternative routes. We herein present a mechanism whereby such unequivocal commitment is achieved, based on microRNA (miRNA)-dependent repression of an alternative cell fate. We show that the commitment of monocyte RAW264.7 progenitors to active macrop ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0915022107
PubMed:
20720163
PubMed Central:
PMC2936650

40. Multidomain assembled states of Hck tyrosine kinase in solution

Author:
Yang, Sichun; Blachowicz, Lydia; Makowski, Lee; Roux, Benoît
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15757-15762
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
X-radiation; phosphotransferases (kinases); signal peptide; tyrosine
Abstract:
... An approach combining small-angle X-ray solution scattering (SAXS) data with coarse-grained (CG) simulations is developed to characterize the assembly states of Hck, a member of the Src-family kinases, under various conditions in solution. First, a basis set comprising a small number of assembly states is generated from extensive CG simulations. Second, a theoretical SAXS profile for each state in ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1004569107
PubMed:
20798061
PubMed Central:
PMC2936629