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You searched for: Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Remove constraint Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Publication Year 2010 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2010 Source 2010 v.107 no.36 Remove constraint Source: 2010 v.107 no.36
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1. Adaptor protein is essential for insect cytokine signaling in hemocytes

Author:
Oda, Yasunori; Matsumoto, Hitoshi; Kurakake, Maiko; Ochiai, Masanori; Ohnishi, Atsushi; Hayakawa, Yoichi
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15862-15867
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Micrococcus luteus; Mythimna separata; RNA interference; Serratia marcescens; cell-mediated immunity; cytokines; double-stranded RNA; hemocytes; immunologic receptors; insects; integrins; larvae; molecular weight; mortality; mutants; pathogens; phosphorylation; signal transduction; tyrosine
Abstract:
... Growth-blocking peptide (GBP) is an insect cytokine that stimulates a class of immune cells called plasmatocytes to adhere to one another and to foreign surfaces. Although extensive structure-activity studies have been performed on the GBP and its mutants in Lepidoptera Pseudaletia separata, the signaling pathway of GBP-dependent activation of plasmatocytes remains unknown. We identified an adapto ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1003785107
PubMed:
20798052
PubMed Central:
PMC2936586

2. A general basis for quarter-power scaling in animals

Author:
Banavar, Jayanth R.; Moses, Melanie E.; Brown, James H.; Damuth, John; Rinaldo, Andrea; Sibly, Richard M.; Maritan, Amos
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15816-15820
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
animals; energy; metabolism; models
Abstract:
... It has been known for decades that the metabolic rate of animals scales with body mass with an exponent that is almost always <1, >2/3, and often very close to 3/4. The 3/4 exponent emerges naturally from two models of resource distribution networks, radial explosion and hierarchically branched, which incorporate a minimum of specific details. Both models show that the exponent is 2/3 if velocity ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1009974107
PubMed:
20724663
PubMed Central:
PMC2936637

3. AMPA receptors are exocytosed in stimulated spines and adjacent dendrites in a Ras-ERK-dependent manner during long-term potentiation

Author:
Patterson, Michael A.; Szatmari, Erzsebet M.; Yasuda, Ryohei
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15951-15956
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; dendrites; exocytosis; fluorescence; image analysis; receptors; signal transduction
Abstract:
... The exocytosis of AMPA receptors is a key step in long-term potentiation (LTP), yet the timing and location of exocytosis and the signaling pathways involved in exocytosis during synaptic plasticity are not fully understood. Here we combine two-photon uncaging with two-photon imaging of a fluorescent label of surface AMPA receptors to monitor individual AMPA receptor exocytosis events near spines ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0913875107
PubMed:
20733080
PubMed Central:
PMC2936631

4. AMPA receptors gate spine Ca²⁺ transients and spike-timing-dependent potentiation

Author:
Holbro, Niklaus; Grunditz, Åsa; Wiegert, J. Simon; Oertner, Thomas G.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15975-15980
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
action potentials; calcium; calcium signaling; memory; receptors
Abstract:
... Spike timing-dependent long-term potentiation (t-LTP) is the embodiment of Donald Hebb's postulated rule for associative memory formation. Pre- and postsynaptic action potentials need to be precisely correlated in time to induce this form of synaptic plasticity. NMDA receptors have been proposed to detect correlated activity and to trigger synaptic plasticity. However, the slow kinetic of NMDA rec ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1004562107
PubMed:
20798031
PubMed Central:
PMC2936625

5. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 attenuates atherosclerotic lesions by targeting vascular cells

Author:
Zhang, Cheng; Zhao, Yu Xia; Zhang, Yue Hui; Zhu, Li; Deng, Bi Ping; Zhou, Zhao Li; Li, Shu Ying; Lu, Xiao Ting; Song, Li Li; Lei, Xue Ming; Tang, Wen Bo; Wang, Nan; Pan, Chun Ming; Song, Huai Dong; Liu, Chun Xi; Dong, Bo; Zhang, Yun; Cao, Yihai
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15886-15891
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
angiotensin II; atherosclerosis; chemokine CCL2; early development; human umbilical vein endothelial cells; low density lipoprotein; macrophages; myocytes; peptidyl-dipeptidase A; proliferating cell nuclear antigen; rabbits; signal transduction; smooth muscle
Abstract:
... Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a newly discovered homolog of ACE whose actions oppose those of angiotensin II (AngII). However, the underlying mechanisms by which ACE2 effectively suppresses early atherosclerotic lesions remain poorly understood. Here, we show, both in vitro and in vivo, that ACE2 inhibited the development of early atherosclerotic lesions by suppressing the growth of va ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1001253107
PubMed:
20798044
PubMed Central:
PMC2936602

6. Aquaporin-3 mediates hydrogen peroxide uptake to regulate downstream intracellular signaling

Author:
Miller, Evan W.; Dickinson, Bryan C.; Chang, Christopher J.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15681-15686
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming); NADP (coenzyme); aquaporins; fluorescence; hydrogen peroxide; image analysis; mammals; oxidative stress; toxicity
Abstract:
... Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) produced by cell-surface NADPH Oxidase (Nox) enzymes is emerging as an important signaling molecule for growth, differentiation, and migration processes. However, how cells spatially regulate H₂O₂ to achieve physiological redox signaling over nonspecific oxidative stress pathways is insufficiently understood. Here we report that the water channel Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) can fac ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1005776107
PubMed:
20724658
PubMed Central:
PMC2936599

7. Assembly of Qβ viral RNA polymerase with host translational elongation factors EF-Tu and -Ts

Author:
Takeshita, Daijiro; Tomita, Kozo
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15733-15738
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Escherichia coli; RNA; RNA folding; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; active sites; crystal structure; genome; hydrophobic bonding; models; polymerization; proteins; transcription (genetics); translation (genetics); viruses
Abstract:
... Replication and transcription of viral RNA genomes rely on host-donated proteins. Qβ virus infects Escherichia coli and replicates and transcribes its own genomic RNA by Qβ replicase. Qβ replicase requires the virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (β-subunit), and the host-donated translational elongation factors EF-Tu and -Ts, as active core subunits for its RNA polymerization activity. Here ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1006559107
PubMed:
20798060
PubMed Central:
PMC2936634

8. Biomimetic cilia arrays generate simultaneous pumping and mixing regimes

Author:
Shields, A.R.; Fiser, B.L.; Evans, B.A.; Falvo, M.R.; Washburn, S.; Superfine, R.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15670-15675
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
biomimetics; cilia; diffusivity; locomotion; mass transfer; mixing; morphogenesis; statistical analysis
Abstract:
... Living systems employ cilia to control and to sense the flow of fluids for many purposes, such as pumping, locomotion, feeding, and tissue morphogenesis. Beyond their use in biology, functional arrays of artificial cilia have been envisaged as a potential biomimetic strategy for inducing fluid flow and mixing in lab-on-a-chip devices. Here we report on fluid transport produced by magnetically actu ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1005127107
PubMed:
20798342
PubMed Central:
PMC2936597

9. Conserved microRNA targeting in Drosophila is as widespread in coding regions as in 3'UTRs

Author:
Schnall-Levin, Michael; Zhao, Yong; Perrimon, Norbert; Berger, Bonnie
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15751-15756
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
3' untranslated regions; 5' untranslated regions; Drosophila; algorithms; genes; mammals; microRNA; non-coding RNA; open reading frames
Abstract:
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short noncoding RNAs that regulate protein-coding genes posttranscriptionally. In animals, most known miRNA targeting occurs within the 3'UTR of mRNAs, but the extent of biologically relevant targeting in the ORF or 5'UTR of mRNAs remains unknown. Here, we develop an algorithm (MinoTar--miRNA ORF Targets) to identify conserved regulatory motifs within protein-codi ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1006172107
PubMed:
20729470
PubMed Central:
PMC2936641

10. Conserved RNaseII domain protein functions in cytoplasmic mRNA decay and suppresses Arabidopsis decapping mutant phenotypes

Author:
Zhang, Weiping; Murphy, Caroline; Sieburth, Leslie E.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15981-15985
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Arabidopsis; exosomes; genes; loci; messenger RNA; mutants; phenotype; scaffolding proteins
Abstract:
... Both transcription and RNA decay are critical for normal gene regulation. Arabidopsis mutants with defects in VARICOSE (VCS), a decapping complex scaffold protein, lack mRNA decapping and 5'-to-3' decay. These mutants show either severe or suppressed phenotypes, depending on the Arabidopsis accession. Here, we show that the molecular basis for this variation is the SUPPRESSOR OF VARICOSE (SOV), a ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1007060107
PubMed:
20798041
PubMed Central:
PMC2936607

11. Cortico-striatal connections predict control over speed and accuracy in perceptual decision making

Author:
Forstmann, Birte U.; Anwander, Alfred; Schäfer, Andreas; Neumann, Jane; Brown, Scott; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan; Bogacz, Rafal; Turner, Robert
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15916-15920
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
brain; cognition; cortex; decision making; magnetic resonance imaging; mathematical models; risk behavior
Abstract:
... When people make decisions they often face opposing demands for response speed and response accuracy, a process likely mediated by response thresholds. According to the striatal hypothesis, people decrease response thresholds by increasing activation from cortex to striatum, releasing the brain from inhibition. According to the STN hypothesis, people decrease response thresholds by decreasing acti ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1004932107
PubMed:
20733082
PubMed Central:
PMC2936628

12. Culture, distress, and oxytocin receptor polymorphism (OXTR) interact to influence emotional support seeking

Author:
Kim, Heejung S.; Sherman, David K.; Sasaki, Joni Y.; Xu, Jun; Chu, Thai Q.; Ryu, Chorong; Suh, Eunkook M.; Graham, Kelsey; Taylor, Shelley E.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15717-15721
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
distress; genes; genotype; genotyping; oxytocin receptors; social environment; social support
Abstract:
... Research has demonstrated that certain genotypes are expressed in different forms, depending on input from the social environment. To examine sensitivity to cultural norms regarding emotional support seeking as a type of social environment, we explored the behavioral expression of oxytocin receptor polymorphism (OXTR) rs53576, a gene previously related to socio-emotional sensitivity. Seeking emoti ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1010830107
PubMed:
20724662
PubMed Central:
PMC2936623

13. Defective membrane expression of the Na⁺-HCO₃⁻ cotransporter NBCe1 is associated with familial migraine

Author:
Suzuki, Masashi; Van Paesschen, Wim; Stalmans, Ingeborg; Horita, Shoko; Yamada, Hideomi; Bergmans, Bruno A.; Legius, Eric; Riant, Florence; De Jonghe, Peter; Li, Yuehong; Sekine, Takashi; Igarashi, Takashi; Fujimoto, Ichiro; Mikoshiba, Katsuhiko; Shimadzu, Mitsunobu; Shiohara, Masaaki; Braverman, Nancy; Al-Gazali, Lihadh; Fujita, Toshiro; Seki, George
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15963-15968
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Xenopus; acidosis; adverse effects; astrocytes; genes; genetic techniques and protocols; glaucoma; heterozygosity; homozygosity; mammals; migraine; mutants; mutation; oocytes; pH; patients; pedigree; sisters; symporters
Abstract:
... Homozygous mutations in SLC4A4, encoding the electrogenic Na⁺-HCO₃⁻ cotransporter NBCe1, have been known to cause proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) and ocular abnormalities. In this study, we report two sisters with pRTA, ocular abnormalities, and hemiplegic migraine. Genetic analysis ruled out pathological mutations in the known genes for familial hemiplegic migraine, but identified a homozy ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1008705107
PubMed:
20798035
PubMed Central:
PMC2936614

14. Detection of MLV-related virus gene sequences in blood of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy blood donors

Author:
Lo, Shyh-Ching; Pripuzova, Natalia; Li, Bingjie; Komaroff, Anthony L.; Hung, Guo-Chiuan; Wang, Richard; Alter, Harvey J.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15874-15879
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
DNA; Murine leukemia virus; leukemia; mice; mononuclear leukocytes; nucleotide sequences; patients; polymerase chain reaction; viruses
Abstract:
... Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a serious systemic illness of unknown cause. A recent study identified DNA from a xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 68 of 101 patients (67%) by nested PCR, as compared with 8 of 218 (3.7%) healthy controls. However, four subsequent reports failed to detect any murine leukemia virus (MLV)-relate ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1006901107
PubMed:
20798047
PubMed Central:
PMC2936598

15. Differentiated Parkinson patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells grow in the adult rodent brain and reduce motor asymmetry in Parkinsonian rats

Author:
Hargus, Gunnar; Cooper, Oliver; Deleidi, Michela; Levy, Adam; Lee, Kristen; Marlow, Elizabeth; Yow, Alyssa; Soldner, Frank; Hockemeyer, Dirk; Hallett, Penelope J.; Osborn, Teresia; Jaenisch, Rudolf; Isacson, Ole
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15921-15926
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Parkinson disease; adults; animal models; autografting; axons; biomedical research; brain; cell adhesion; humans; induced pluripotent stem cells; patients; rats
Abstract:
... Recent advances in deriving induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from patients offer new possibilities for biomedical research and clinical applications, as these cells could be used for autologous transplantation. We differentiated iPS cells from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) into dopaminergic (DA) neurons and show that these DA neurons can be transplanted without signs of neurodegenerat ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1010209107
PubMed:
20798034
PubMed Central:
PMC2936617

16. Discriminating early stage Aβ42 monomer structures using chirality-induced 2DIR spectroscopy in a simulation study

Author:
Zhuang, Wei; Sgourakis, Nikolaos G.; Li, Zhenyu; Garcia, Angel E.; Mukamel, Shaul
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15687-15692
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Alzheimer disease; amyloid; molecular dynamics; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Abstract:
... Elucidating the structural features of the Aβ monomer, the peptide constituent of amyloid fibrils found in Alzheimer's disease, can enable a direct characterization of aggregation pathways. Recent studies support the view that the ensemble of Aβ42 monomers is a mixture of diverse ordered and disordered conformational species, which can be classified according to the formation of a characteristic β ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1002131107
PubMed:
20798063
PubMed Central:
PMC2936593

17. Disruption of HDAC/CoREST/REST repressor by dnREST reduces genome silencing and increases virulence of herpes simplex virus

Author:
Du, Te; Zhou, Guoying; Khan, Shaniya; Gu, Haidong; Roizman, Bernard
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15904-15909
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
stop codon; transcription factors; histone deacetylase; Human alphaherpesvirus 1; innate immunity; neurons; DNA; brain; tandem repeat sequences; ganglia; mice; cornea; viruses; herpes simplex; virulence
Abstract:
... In nonneuronal cells, herpes simplex virus 1 overcomes host defenses, replicates, and ultimately kills the infected cell. Among the host defenses suppressed by the virus is a repressor complex whose key components are histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 or 2, RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), corepressor of REST (CoREST), and lysine-specific demethylase (LSD) 1. In neurons innervating cells at ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1010741107
PubMed:
20798038
PubMed Central:
PMC2936609

18. Distinct 3'UTRs differentially regulate activity-dependent translation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

Author:
Lau, Anthony G.; Irier, Hasan A.; Gu, Jiaping; Tian, Donghua; Ku, Li; Liu, Guanglu; Xia, Mingjing; Fritsch, Brita; Zheng, James Q.; Dingledine, Raymond; Xu, Baoji; Lu, Bai; Feng, Yue
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15945-15950
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
3' untranslated regions; gene expression regulation; hippocampus; neurons; pilocarpine; receptor protein-tyrosine kinase; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is under tight regulation to accommodate its intricate roles in controlling brain function. Transcription of BDNF initiates from multiple promoters in response to distinct stimulation cues. However, regardless which promoter is used, all BDNF transcripts are processed at two alternative polyadenylation sites, generating two pools of mRNAs ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1002929107
PubMed:
20733072
PubMed Central:
PMC2936648

19. Economic contract theory tests models of mutualism

Author:
Weyl, E. Glen; Frederickson, Megan E.; Yu, Douglas W.; Pierce, Naomi E.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15712-15716
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Yucca; evolution; hosts; models; moths; mutualism; social behavior; symbionts
Abstract:
... Although mutualisms are common in all ecological communities and have played key roles in the diversification of life, our current understanding of the evolution of cooperation applies mostly to social behavior within a species. A central question is whether mutualisms persist because hosts have evolved costly punishment of cheaters. Here, we use the economic theory of employment contracts to form ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1005294107
PubMed:
20733067
PubMed Central:
PMC2936620

20. Efficacy of geoengineering to limit 21st century sea-level rise

Author:
Moore, J.C.; Jevrejeva, S.; Grinsted, A.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010 v.107 no.36 pp. 15699-15703
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
aerosols; afforestation; biochar; bioenergy; carbon sequestration; climate; climate change; cost benefit analysis; environmental engineering; greenhouse gas emissions; models; sea level; solar radiation; stratosphere; sulfur dioxide; temperature; volcanic activity
Abstract:
... Geoengineering has been proposed as a feasible way of mitigating anthropogenic climate change, especially increasing global temperatures in the 21st century. The two main geoengineering options are limiting incoming solar radiation, or modifying the carbon cycle. Here we examine the impact of five geoengineering approaches on sea level; SO₂ aerosol injection into the stratosphere, mirrors in space ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1008153107
PubMed:
20798055
PubMed Central:
PMC2936649