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You searched for: Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Remove constraint Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Publication Year 1994 Remove constraint Publication Year: 1994 Subject structural genes Remove constraint Subject: structural genes
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1. Targeting of the polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthetic pathway to the plastids of Arabidopsis thaliana results in high levels of polymer accumulation

Author:
Nawrath, C.; Poirier, Y.; Somerville, C.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.26 pp. 12760-12764
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; genetic transformation; gene transfer; biosynthesis; structural genes; transgenic plants; oxidoreductases; gene expression; Alcaligenes; acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; polyhydroxybutyrate; chloroplasts
Abstract:
... In the bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus, three genes encode the enzymes necessary to catalyze the synthesis of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) from acetyl-CoA. In order to target these enzymes into the plastids of higher plants, the genes were modified by addition of DNA fragments encoding a pea chloroplast transit peptide, a constitutive plant promoter, and a poly(A) addition sequence. Each of t ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.26.12760
PubMed:
7809117
PubMed Central:
PMC45519

2. The beetle Tribolium castaneum has a fushi tarazu homolog expressed in stripes during segmentation

Author:
Brown, S.J.; Hilgenfeld, R.B.; Denell, R.E.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.26 pp. 12922-12926
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
structural genes; Tribolium castaneum; homeotic genes; amino acid sequences; gene expression; DNA-binding proteins; embryogenesis; introns
Abstract:
... The genetic control of embryonic organization is far better understood for the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster than for any other metazoan. A gene hierarchy acts during oogenesis and embryogenesis to regulate the establishment of segmentation along the anterior-posterior axis, and homeotic selector genes define developmental commitments within each parasegmental unit delineated. One of the most ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.26.12922
PubMed:
7809147
PubMed Central:
PMC45552

3. The methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha contains an inducible import pathway for peroxisomal matrix proteins with an N-terminal targeting signal (PTS2 proteins)

Author:
Faber, K.N.; Haima, P.; Gietl, C.; Harder, W.; AB, G.; Veenhuis, M.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.26 pp. 12985-12989
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Hansenula; protein transport; proteins; peroxisomes; amino acid sequences; amine oxidase (flavin-containing); structural genes; recombinant DNA; genetic transformation; promoter regions
Abstract:
... Two main types of peroxisomal targeting signals have been identified that reside either at the extreme C terminus (PTS1) or the N terminus (PTS2) of the protein. In the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha the majority of peroxisomal matrix proteins are of the PTS1 type. Thus far, for H. polymorpha only amine oxidase (AMO) has been shown to contain a PTS2 type signal. In the present study we ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.26.12985
PubMed:
7809160
PubMed Central:
PMC45565

4. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae FKS1 (ETG1) gene encodes an integral membrane protein which is a subunit of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase

Author:
Douglas, C.M.; Foor, F.; Marrinan, J.A.; Morin, N.; Nielsen, J.B.; Dahl, A.M.; Mazur, P.; Baginsky, W.; Li, W.; El-Sherbeini, M.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.26 pp. 12907-12911
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
hexosyltransferases; proteins; phenotype; structural genes; mutation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; amino acid sequences; enzyme inhibitors; nucleotide sequences; biological resistance; cyclosporins
Abstract:
... In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutations in FKS1 confer hypersensitivity to the immunosuppressants FK506 and cyclosporin A, while mutations in ETG1 confer resistance to the cell-wall-active echinocandins (inhibitors of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase) and, in some cases, concomitant hypersensitivity to the chitin synthase inhibitor nikkomycin Z. The FKS1 and ETG1 genes were cloned by complementation of t ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.26.12907
PubMed:
7528927
PubMed Central:
PMC45549

5. Transcriptional induction of Ty recombination in yeast

Author:
Nevo-Caspi, Y.; Kupiec, M.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.26 pp. 12711-12715
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; retrotransposons; structural genes; gene conversion; genetic recombination; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Families of repeated sequences are present in the genomes of all eukaryotes. Little is known about the mechanism(s) that prevents recombination between repeated sequences. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, recombination between homologous sequences placed at nonhomologous locations in the genome (ectopic recombination) has been shown to occur at high frequencies for artificially created repea ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.26.12711
PubMed:
7809107
PubMed Central:
PMC45509

6. AFC1, a LAMMER kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana, activates STE12-dependent processes in yeast

Author:
Bender, J.; Fink, G.R.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.25 pp. 12105-12109
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
sexual reproduction; mating behavior; Arabidopsis thaliana; structural genes; complementary DNA; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; phosphorylation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; DNA-binding proteins; gene expression; mutation; genetic complementation; transcription factors
Abstract:
... In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae a kinase cascade activates the transcription factor STE12 leading to mating in haploid cells and pseudohyphal growth in diploid cells. To investigate related signal transduction pathways in higher plants, we have isolated a putative protein kinase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana that restores STE12-dependent functions to yeast with mutations in this signal tran ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.25.12105
PubMed:
7991592
PubMed Central:
PMC45385

7. De novo synthesis of an intron by the maize transposable element Dissociation

Author:
Giroux, M.J.; Clancy, M.; Baier, J.; Ingham, L.; McCarty, D.; Hannah, L.C.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.25 pp. 12150-12154
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Zea mays; alternative splicing; messenger RNA; structural genes; complementary DNA; exons; introns; transposons
Abstract:
... The mechanisms by which introns are gained or lost in the evolution of eukaryotic genes remain poorly understood. The discovery that transposable elements sometimes alter RNA splicing to allow partial or imperfect removal of the element from the primary transcripts suggests that transposons are a potential and continuing source of new introns. To date, splicing events that precisely restore the wi ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.25.12150
PubMed:
7991598
PubMed Central:
PMC45394

8. Directing transcription of an RNA polymerase III gene via GAL4 sites

Author:
Marsolier, M.C.; Chaussivert, N.; Lefebvre, O.; Conesa, C.; Werner, M.; Sentenac, A.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.25 pp. 11938-11942
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; structural genes; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; recombinant DNA; nucleotide sequences; DNA-binding proteins; transcription (genetics); transcription factors; binding sites
Abstract:
... A yeast chimeric RNA polymerase III transcription system was constructed to explore the ordered, multistep process of gene activation in vivo. A promoter-deficient U6 RNA gene harboring GAL4-binding sites could be reactivated by fusing the GAL4 DNA-binding domain to components of the general transcription factor TFIIIC (T) or TFIIIB. Expression of chimeric T138 or T131 (but not T95) subunits activ ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.25.11938
PubMed:
7991561
PubMed Central:
PMC45351

9. Interspecific transfer of mitochondrial genes in fungi and creation of a homologous hybrid gene

Author:
Paquin, B.; Laforest, M.J.; Lang, B.F.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.25 pp. 11807-11810
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Blastocladiales; mitochondrial DNA; structural genes; adenosinetriphosphatase; nucleases; gene transfer; interspecific hybridization; hybrids; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; genomics; genetic recombination
Abstract:
... In eukaryotes, horizontal gene transfer is a rare event. Here we show that the mitochondrial genome of a lower fungus, Allomyces macrogynus, has an extra DNA segment not present in a close relative, Allomyces arbusculus. This insert consists of the C terminus of a foreign gene encoding a subunit of the ATP synthetase complex (atp6) plus an open reading frame encoding an endonuclease. The inserted ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.25.11807
PubMed:
7991539
PubMed Central:
PMC45324

10. Retrotransposons in the flanking regions of normal plant genes: a role for copia-like elements in the evolution of gene structure and expression

Author:
White, S.E.; Habera, L.F.; Wessler, S.R.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.25 pp. 11792-11796
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
retrotransposons; Zea mays; structural genes; open reading frames; mutation; amino acid sequences; exons
Abstract:
... The wx-K mutation results from the insertion of a copia-like retrotransposon into exon 12 of the maize waxy gene. This retrotransposon, named Hopscotch, has one long open reading frame encoding all of the domains required for transposition. Computer-assisted database searches using Hopscotch and other plant copia-like retroelements as query sequences have revealed that ancient, degenerate retrotra ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.25.11792
PubMed:
7991537
PubMed Central:
PMC45321

11. The mitochondrial outer membrane protein Mas22p is essential for protein import and viability of yeast

Author:
Lithgow, T.; Junne, T.; Suda, K.; Gratzer, S.; Schatz, G.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.25 pp. 11973-11977
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; structural genes; proteins; cell membranes; mitochondria; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; protein transport; viability; mutants
Abstract:
... We have cloned the gene encoding the protein Mas22p, which spans the outer membrane of yeast mitochondria. Cells that completely lack Mas22p are inviable. The plasmid-borne MAS22 gene suppresses several defects resulting from the deletion of one or more of the mitochondrial protein import receptors. Defects of Mas20p-deficient cells are explained by the reduced level of Mas22p in these mutants. Ma ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.25.11973
PubMed:
7991567
PubMed Central:
PMC45358

12. Chimeric conundra: are nucleomorphs and chromists monophyletic or polyphyletic?

Author:
Cavalier-Smith, T.; Allsopp, M.T.E.P.; Chao, E.E.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.24 pp. 11368-11372
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
ribosomal RNA; structural genes; algae; phylogeny; nucleotide sequences
Abstract:
... All algae with chloroplasts located not freely in the cytosol, but inside two extra membranes, probably arose chimerically by the permanent fusion of two different eukaryote cells: a protozoan host and a eukaryotic algal symbiont. Two such groups, cryptomonads (phylum Cryptista) and Chlorarachniophyta, still retain a DNA-containing relic of the nucleus of the algal endosymbiont, known as the nucle ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.24.11368
PubMed:
7972066
PubMed Central:
PMC45232

13. Gene conversion is involved in the transfer of genetic information between naturally occurring inversions of Drosophila

Author:
Rozas, J.; Aguade, M.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.24 pp. 11517-11521
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
structural genes; inversion polymorphism; phylogeny; gene conversion; ribosomes; ribosomal proteins; Drosophila subobscura; nucleotide sequences
Abstract:
... The DNA sequences of the ribosomal protein 49 (rp49) region were determined for 34 isochromosomal strains of Drosophila subobscura representing two chromosomal arrangements, the OST and the O3+4 gene arrangements, which differ by two overlapping inversions. The data reveal that gene conversion is a mechanism responsible for the transfer of genetic information between naturally occurring inversions ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.24.11517
PubMed:
7972094
PubMed Central:
PMC45262

14. Identification of genes that interact with the sina gene in Drosophila eye development

Author:
Carthew, R.W.; Neufeld, T.P.; Rubin, G.M.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.24 pp. 11689-11693
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Drosophila melanogaster; structural genes; DNA-binding proteins; gene interaction; photoreceptors; cell differentiation; mutation; transcription factors
Abstract:
... The sina gene encodes a nuclear protein that is required for the correct development of R7 photoreceptor cells in the Drosophila eye. We conducted a genetic screen for mutations that reduce the activity of sina and found mutations that define nine genes whose products may be required for normal sina activity. Three of these genes also appear to be essential for signaling by the Sevenless-Ras pathw ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.24.11689
PubMed:
7972125
PubMed Central:
PMC45297

15. Low levels of exogenous histone H1 in yeast cause cell death

Author:
Miloshev, G.; Venkov, P.; Van Holde, K.; Zlatanova, J.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.24 pp. 11567-11570
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; histones; structural genes; recombinant DNA; gene expression; cell biology; genetic transformation; promoter regions; Echinoidea
Abstract:
... To elucidate the function of lysine-rich histone, yeast cells, which are believed to lack this histone, were transformed with an expression vector carrying the sea urchin histone H1 gene under control of an inducible promoter. Expression of full-length protein was tested by immunoblotting and the intracellular distribution was monitored by immunoelectron microscopy. Even low amounts of exogenous H ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.24.11567
PubMed:
7972103
PubMed Central:
PMC45272

16. Reporter genes and highly regulated promoters as tools for transformation experiments in Volvox carteri

Author:
Hallmann, A.; Sumper, M.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.24 pp. 11562-11566
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
genetic transformation; messenger RNA; recombinant DNA; structural genes; sex pheromones; arylsulfatase; Chlorophyta; gene expression; reporter genes; glycoproteins
Abstract:
... The multicellular alga Volvox is an attractive model for the study of developmental processes. With the recent report of successful transformation, regulated promoters as well as reporter genes working in this organism are now required. The Volvox genes encoding arylsulfatase and the extracellular glycoprotein ISG are strictly regulated. The former is transcribed only under conditions of sulfur st ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.24.11562
PubMed:
7972102
PubMed Central:
PMC45271

17. Three discrete classes of Arabidopsis cyclins are expressed during different intervals of the cell cycle

Author:
Ferreira, P.; Hemerly, A.; Almeida Engler, J. de.; Bergounioux, C.; Burssens, S.; Montagu, M. van.; Engler, G.; Inze, D.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.24 pp. 11313-11317
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; mitosis; messenger RNA; complementary DNA; structural genes; amino acid sequences; gene expression; nucleotide sequences; roots; plant proteins
Abstract:
... We have isolated cDNAs encoding four additional mitotic-like cyclins from Arabidopsis: cyc2aAt, cyc2bAt, cyc3aAt, and cyc3bAt. Examination of amino acid sequences deduced from plant cyclin cDNAs isolated so far showed that they can be grouped into three distinct classes. The members of each plant cyclin family are more related to each other than to any animal or yeast cyclin. Reverse transcription ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.24.11313
PubMed:
7972055
PubMed Central:
PMC45221

18. Abnormal class I assembly and peptide presentation in the nonobese diabetic mouse

Author:
Li, F.; Guo, J.; Fu, Y.; Yan, G.; Faustman, D.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.23 pp. 11128-11132
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
mice; diabetes; major histocompatibility complex; histocompatibility antigens; autoimmunity; autoimmune diseases; structural genes; alleles; gene expression; animal models; T-lymphocytes
Abstract:
... Presentation of self-antigens by major histocompatibility compatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules requires the function MHC class II-linked genes Tap-1 and Tap-2. Evidence suggests that interruption of self-peptide presentation results in reduced cell surface expression of MHC class I molecules and the interruption correlates with progression to diabetic autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic (NO ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.23.11128
PubMed:
7972022
PubMed Central:
PMC45180

19. Activity of the Chlamydomonas chloroplast rbcL gene promoter is enhanced by a remote sequence element

Author:
Klein, U.; Salvador, M.L.; Bogorad, L.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.23 pp. 10819-10823
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; structural genes; ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase; recombinant DNA; reporter genes; beta-glucuronidase; gene expression; promoter regions; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... The chloroplast gene rbcL encodes the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this gene is transcribed more actively than any other protein-encoding chloroplast gene studied to date. To delineate the rbcL gene promoter, chimeric reporter genes containing fragments of the 5' region of the rbcL gene fused to the coding sequence of the bacterial uidA gene. en ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.23.10819
PubMed:
7971968
PubMed Central:
PMC45117

20. Characterization of ech-42, a Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase gene expressed during mycoparasitism

Author:
Carsolio, C.; Gutierrez, A.; Jimenez, B.; Montagu, M. van.; Herrera-Estrella, A.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.23 pp. 10903-10907
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
parasitism; messenger RNA; complementary DNA; structural genes; Botrytis cinerea; amino acid sequences; gene expression; transcription (genetics); nucleotide sequences; Trichoderma lixii; chitinase
Abstract:
... A gene (ech-42; previously named ThEn-42) coding for one of the endochitinases produced by the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum IMI206040 was cloned and characterized. Expression of the cDNA clone in Escherichia coli resulted in bacteria with chitinase activity. This chitinase has been shown to have Iytic activity on Botrytis cinerea cell walls in vitro. The ech-42 gene was assigned to a dou ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.23.10903
PubMed:
7971981
PubMed Central:
PMC45134