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1. Ancient and recent patterns of geographic speciation in the oyster mushroom Pleurotus revealed by phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences

Author:
Vilgalys, R.; Sun, B.L.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4599-4603
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
ribosomal DNA; phylogeny; biogeography; sexual reproduction; nucleotide sequences; mating behavior; Pleurotus ostreatus
Abstract:
... Evidence from molecular systematic studies suggests that many mushroom species may be quite ancient. Gene phylogenies were developed to examine the relationship between reproductive isolation, genetic divergence, and biogeography in oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus). Sequence data were obtained for two regions of DNA from populations belonging to eight intersterility groups (biological species). Phylog ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4599
PubMed:
8183955
PubMed Central:
PMC43833

2. An evolutionary approach to folding small alpha-helical proteins that uses sequence information and an empirical guiding fitness function

Author:
Bowie, J.U.; Eisenberg, D.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4436-4440
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
proteins; evolution; computer analysis; amino acid sequences; peptides; molecular conformation; algorithms; prediction
Abstract:
... Three short protein sequences have been guided by computer to folds resembling their crystal structures. Initially, peptide fragment conformations ranging in size from 9 to 25 residues were selected from a database of known protein structures. A fragment was selected if it was compatible with a segment of the sequence to be folded, as judged by three-dimensional profile scores. By linking the sele ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4436
PubMed:
8183927
PubMed Central:
PMC43800

3. Calorie restriction prevents the occlusive coronary vascular disease of autoimmune (NZW x BXSB)F1 mice

Author:
Mizutani, H.; Engelman, R.W.; Kinjoh, K.; Kurata, Y.; Ikehara, S.; Matsuzawa, Y.; Good, R.A.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4402-4406
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
mice; disease prevention; heart diseases; autoimmunity; autoantibodies; animal proteins; low calorie diet
Abstract:
... Male (NZW X BXSB)F1 (W/BF1) mice develop systemic autoimmunity involving autoantibodies, thrombocytopenia, lupus nephritis, and coronary vascular disease (CVD) with myocardial infarction. To determine whether this murine lupus-associated CVD can be prevented by the reduction of dietary calories, male W/BF1 mice were separated into five experimental groups and fed either ad libitum (designated grou ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4402
PubMed:
8183920
PubMed Central:
PMC43793

4. Development of sun compensation by honeybees: how partially experienced bees estimate the sun's course

Author:
Dyer, F.C.; Dickinson, J.A.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4471-4474
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
memory; Apis mellifera; honey bees; flight
Abstract:
... Honeybees and some other insects, in learning the sun's course, behave as if they can estimate the sun's position at times of day when they have never seen it, but there are competing ideas about the computational mechanisms underlying this ability. In an approach to this problem, we provided incubator-reared bees with opportunities to fly and see the sun only during the late afternoon. Then, on a ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4471
PubMed:
11607474
PubMed Central:
PMC43807

5. Genomic organization of Borna disease virus

Author:
Briese, T.; Schneemann, A.; Lewis, A.J.; Park, Y.S.; Kim, S.; Ludwig, H.; Lipkin, W.I.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4362-4366
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
messenger RNA; open reading frames; genome; Borna disease virus; transcription (genetics)
Abstract:
... Borna disease virus is a neurotropic negative-strand RNA virus that infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts, causing disturbances in movement and behavior. We have cloned and sequenced the 8910-nucleotide viral genome by using RNA from Borna disease virus particles. The viral genome has complementary 3' and 5' termini and contains antisense information for five open reading frames. Homology to Fi ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4362
PubMed:
8183914
PubMed Central:
PMC43785

6. Identification of Drosophila cytoskeletal proteins by induction of abnormal cell shape in fission yeast

Author:
Edwards, K.A.; Montague, R.A.; Shepard, S.; Edgar, B.A.; Erikson, R.L.; Kiehart, D.P.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4589-4593
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
genetic transformation; Saccharomycetales; phenotype; complementary DNA; animal proteins; cytoskeleton; binding proteins; actin; fungal anatomy; Drosophila melanogaster
Abstract:
... To clone metazoan genes encoding regulators of cell shape, we have developed a functional assay for proteins that affect the morphology of a simple organism, the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A Drosophila melanogaster cDNA library was constructed in an inducible expression vector and transformed into S. pombe. When expression of the Drosophila sequences was induced, aberrant cell shapes ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4589
PubMed:
8183953
PubMed Central:
PMC43831

7. Molecular cloning, characterization, and elicitation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from alfalfa

Author:
Shorrosh, B.S.; Dixon, R.A.; Ohlrogge, J.B.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4323-4327
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Medicago sativa; complementary DNA; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; nucleotide sequences; amino acid sequences; gene expression; messenger RNA; Colletotrichum lindemuthianum; cell wall components
Abstract:
... Acetyl-CoA carboxylase [ACCase; acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.4.1.2] catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl CoA to produce malonyl CoA. In plants, malonyl CoA is needed for plastid localized fatty acid biosynthesis and for a variety of pathways in the cytoplasm including flavonoid biosynthesis. We have determined the full nucleotide sequence of an ACCase from al ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4323
PubMed:
7910406
PubMed Central:
PMC43777

8. Mutational analysis of yeast mRNA capping enzyme

Author:
Schwer, B.; Shuman, S.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4328-4332
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
messenger RNA; structural genes; chemical reactions; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; phosphotransferases (kinases); site-directed mutagenesis; guanosine monophosphate; enzyme activity
Abstract:
... RNA guanylyltransferase (capping enzyme) catalyzes the transfer of GMP from GTP to the 5'-diphosphate end of mRNA. The capping reaction proceeds via an enzyme-guanylate intermediate in which GMP is linked covalently to a lysine residue of the enzyme. In the capping enzyme of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GMP is attached to a 52-kDa polypeptide, identified as the product of the essential CEG1 gene. The ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4328
PubMed:
8183907
PubMed Central:
PMC43778

9. Prevention of ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation by omega-3 fatty acids

Author:
Billman, G.E.; Hallaq, H.; Leaf, A.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4427-4430
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; myocardial infarction; disease prevention; dogs; fish oils; diet therapy
Abstract:
... A specially prepared dog model of myocardial infarction was used to test the efficacy of the long-chain, polyunsaturated fish oil omega3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6 n-3) acids to prevent ischemia-induced malignant cardiac arrhythmias. The dogs had sustained a prior experimental myocardial infarction from ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4427
PubMed:
8183925
PubMed Central:
PMC43798

10. Protein synthesis elongation factor EF-1 alpha expression and longevity in Drosophila melanogaster

Author:
Shikama, N.; Ackermann, R.; Brack, C.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4199-4203
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Drosophila melanogaster; binding proteins; guanosine triphosphate; structural genes; gene expression; messenger RNA; transgenic animals; recombinant DNA; heat shock proteins; heat stress; longevity; promoter regions
Abstract:
... It has been proposed that the decline in protein synthesis observed in aging organisms may result from a decrease in elongation factor EF-1 alpha. Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster flies carrying an additional copy of the EF-1 alpha gene under control of a heat-inducible promoter have an extended lifespan, further indicating that the EF-1 alpha gene may play an important role in determining longe ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4199
PubMed:
8183891
PubMed Central:
PMC43752

11. Reversal of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in Plutella xylostella

Author:
Tabashnik, B.E.; Finson, N.; Groeters, F.R.; Moar, W.J.; Johnson, M.W.; Luo, K.; Adang, M.J.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4120-4124
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
digestive tract mucosa; strain differences; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki; Plutella xylostella; cell membranes; insecticide resistance; bacterial toxins
Abstract:
... Continued success of the most widely used biopesticide, Bacillus thuringiensis, is threatened by development of resistance in pests. Experiments with Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth), the first insect with field populations resistant to B. thuringiensis, revealed factors that promote reversal of resistance. In strains of P. xylostella with 25- to 2800-fold resistance to B. thuringiensis comp ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4120
PubMed:
8183881
PubMed Central:
PMC43736

12. The sporulation-specific enzymes encoded by the DIT1 and DIT2 genes catalyze a two-step reaction leading to a soluble LL-dityrosine-containing precursor of the yeast spore wall

Author:
Briza, P.; Eckerstorfer, M.; Breitenbach, M.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4524-4528
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
dipeptides; sporulation; cell walls; enzymes; ascospores; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; tyrosine; cytochrome P-450; cell wall components
Abstract:
... Dityrosine is a sporulation-specific component of the yeast ascospore wall that is essential for the resistance of the spores to adverse environmental conditions. Dityrosine in vivo exists in both the LL and DL configurations and is part of an insoluble macromolecule of unknown structure. Here we present data indicating that dityrosine of the yeast spore wall is biosynthesized by a different mecha ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4524
PubMed:
8183942
PubMed Central:
PMC43818

13. The two-receptor model of lipoprotein clearance: tests of the hypothesis in "knockout" mice lacking the low density lipoprotein receptor, apolipoprotein E, or both proteins

Author:
Ishibashi, S.; Herz, J.; Maeda, N.; Goldstein, J.L.; Brown, M.S.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4431-4435
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
mice; low density lipoprotein; receptors; mutagenesis; mutants; cholesterol; blood plasma; hypercholesterolemia; liver; very low density lipoprotein; apolipoproteins
Abstract:
... Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is hypothesized to mediate lipoprotein clearance by binding to two receptors: (i) the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and (ii) a chylomicron remnant receptor. To test this hypothesis, we have compared plasma lipoproteins in mice that are homozygous for targeted disruptions of the genes for apoE [apoE(-/-)], the LDLR [LDLR(-/-)], and both molecules [apoE(-/-); LDLR(- ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4431
PubMed:
8183926
PubMed Central:
PMC43799

14. Top-down construction of an ordered Schizosaccharomyces pombe cosmid library

Author:
Grothues, D.; Cantor, C.R.; Smith, C.L.
Source:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 v.91 no.10 pp. 4461-4465
ISSN:
0027-8424
Subject:
Saccharomycetales; DNA libraries; restriction mapping; DNA probes; clones; nucleic acid hybridization
Abstract:
... A very rapid and efficient method for sorting and ordering large number's of clones is presented. This top-down mapping approach divides the entire ordering problem into many smaller tasks and analyzes in parallel a gridded membrane array of clones by hybridization with probe pools. The strategy was tested on a 15-fold-coverage Schizosaccharomyces pombe cosmid library. About 1600 clones were assig ...
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.91.10.4461
PubMed:
8183932
PubMed Central:
PMC43805