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1. Bipolar pollen germination in blue spruce (Picea pungens)

Author:
Breygina, M.; Maksimov, N.; Polevova, S.; Evmenyeva, A.
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 941-949
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
exine; turgor; gametophytes; hydroxyl radicals; sucrose; nutrition; pollen; mechanical properties; Picea pungens; pollen tubes; scanning electron microscopy; spermatozoa; fluorescence microscopy; prediction
Abstract:
... Direct growth of a pollen tube is an effective mechanism of sperm delivery characteristic for the majority of seed plants. In most cases, only one tube grows from one grain to perform the delivery function; meanwhile in Picea the appearance of two tubes from a single pollen grain is quite common during in vitro germination. Here, we describe the phenomenon of bipolar germination and test two hypot ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-018-01333-3

2. Cellulases and pectinases act together on the development of articulated laticifers in Ficus montana and Maclura tinctoria (Moraceae)

Author:
Marinho, Cristina Ribeiro; Teixeira, Simone Pádua
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1093-1107
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Ficus montana; Maclura tinctoria; cell growth; cell walls; endo-1,4-beta-glucanase; endoplasmic reticulum; enzyme activity; exocytosis; latex; meristems; polygalacturonase; transmission electron microscopy; vacuoles
Abstract:
... The presence of articulated laticifers in the Moraceae family was recently discovered, which means that the location of pectinase and cellulase activities must be of great importance for their growth. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the role of these enzymes in the laticifer growth in Ficus montana and Maclura tinctoria. Reproductive meristems were collected and fixed in Karnovsky. Pect ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01367-1

3. Comparative analysis of remodelling of the plant–microbe interface in Pisum sativum and Medicago truncatula symbiotic nodules

Author:
Tsyganova, Anna V.; Seliverstova, Elena V.; Brewin, Nicholas J.; Tsyganov, Viktor E.
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 983-996
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Medicago truncatula; Pisum sativum; arabinogalactan proteins; cell walls; epitopes; meristems; monoclonal antibodies; mutants; nitrogen fixation; plasma membrane; polygalacturonic acid; soil bacteria
Abstract:
... Infection of host cells by nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria, known as rhizobia, involves the progressive remodelling of the plant–microbe interface. This process was examined by using monoclonal antibodies to study the subcellular localisation of pectins and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in wild-type and ineffective nodules of Pisum sativum and Medicago truncatula. The highly methylesterified homog ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01355-5

4. Cytosolic calcium localization and dynamics during early endosperm development in the genus Agave (Asparagales, Asparagaceae)

Author:
Barranco-Guzmán, Angel Martín; González-Gutiérrez, Alejandra G.; Rout, Nutan Prasad; Verdín, Jorge; Rodríguez-Garay, Benjamín
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1079-1092
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Agave salmiana; Agave tequilana; calcium; endosperm; microfilaments; mitosis; second messengers
Abstract:
... Calcium is a secondary messenger that regulates and coordinates the cellular responses to environmental cues. Despite calcium being a key player during fertilization in plants, little is known about its role during the development of the endosperm. For this reason, the distribution, abundance, and dynamics of cytosolic calcium during the first stages of endosperm development of Agave tequilana and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01366-2

5. Development of efficient protocol for rice transformation overexpressing MAP kinase and their effect on root phenotypic traits

Author:
Singh, Pallavi; Ara, Hussain; Tayyeba, Sumaira; Pandey, Chandana; Sinha, Alok Krishna
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 997-1011
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
cultivars; gene overexpression; genes; genetically modified organisms; growth and development; mitogen-activated protein kinase; phenotype; plant development; plant growth; plant response; proteins; rice; root systems
Abstract:
... Exhaustive studies on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) have reported the importance in regulating a variety of responses during plant growth and development. In particular, the potential MAPK genes, MPK3 and MPK6, seem to regulate a plethora of responses, conferring tolerance to varied abiotic, biotic, and developmental stimuli. This makes both MPK3 and MPK6 potential targets for further st ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01359-1

6. Distribution of plastids and mitochondria during male gametophyte formation in Tinantia erecta (Jacq.) Fenzl

Author:
Marciniec, Rafał; Zięba, Emil; Winiarczyk, Krystyna
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1051-1063
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
cytoplasmic inheritance; gametophytes; males; meiosis; metaphase; microspores; microsporogenesis; mitochondria; plastids; pollen; telophase; transmission electron microscopes; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... During meiosis in microsporogenesis, autonomous cellular organelles, i.e., plastids and mitochondria, move and separate into daughter cells according to a specific pattern. This process called chondriokinesis is characteristic for a given plant species. The key criterion for classification of the chondriokinesis types was the arrangement of cell organelles during two meiosis phases: metaphase I an ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01363-5
PubMed:
30852672
PubMed Central:
PMC6579867

7. Gene expression and localization of arabinogalactan proteins during the development of anther, ovule, and embryo in rice

Author:
Ma, Tengfei; Dong, Fang; Luan, Die; Hu, Hengjin; Zhao, Jie
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 909-922
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
quantitative polymerase chain reaction; panicles; plumule; megaspores; rice; embryo sac; ova; Oryza sativa; fluorescence; arabinogalactan proteins; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; gene expression; monoclonal antibodies; stigma; genes; sexual reproduction; pollen
Abstract:
... Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are hyperglycosylated members of the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) superfamily and are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. In Oryza sativa (rice), the gene expression and biological function of AGPs only have received minimal research attention. Here, we used qRT-PCR to detect the expression patterns of OsAGP genes in various organs, and found ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01349-3

8. Glutamate signaling enhances the heat tolerance of maize seedlings by plant glutamate receptor-like channels-mediated calcium signaling

Author:
Li, Zhong-Guang; Ye, Xin-Yu; Qiu, Xue-Mei
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1165-1169
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Zea mays; antagonists; calcium; calcium channels; calcium chloride; calcium signaling; calmodulin; chelating agents; corn; glutamic acid; heat stress; heat tolerance; magnesium chloride; metabolism; neurotransmitters; plant growth; plasma membrane; seed germination; seedlings; trifluoperazine
Abstract:
... Glutamate (Glu), a neurotransmitter in animal, is a novel signaling molecule in plants, which takes part in cellular metabolism, seed germination, plant growth, development, and long-distance information transfer. However, whether Glu can enhance the heat tolerance in maize seedlings and its relation to calcium signaling is still elusive. In this study, maize seedlings were pretreated with Glu and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01351-9

9. Grafting improves tomato drought tolerance through enhancing photosynthetic capacity and reducing ROS accumulation

Author:
Zhang, Zhihuan; Cao, Bili; Gao, Song; Xu, Kun
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1013-1024
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum; antioxidant enzymes; cultivars; drought; drought tolerance; enzyme activity; grafting (plants); leaves; photosynthesis; phytotoxicity; plant growth; reactive oxygen species; roots; rootstocks; seedlings; shoots; tomatoes; water stress
Abstract:
... Drought is the main meteorological threat to plants and limits plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental changes. However, root-shoot communication plays a vital role in improving tomato plant drought tolerance, especially when cultivars are grafted onto drought-tolerant rootstock. In this study, the relationship between photosynthetic capacity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01357-3

10. Gynoecium with carpel dimorphism in Tricomaria usillo, comparison with other genera of the Carolus clade (Malpighiaceae)

Author:
Aliscioni, Sandra Silvina; Gotelli, Marina; Torretta, Juan Pablo
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1133-1144
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Centris; Malpighiaceae; carpels; dimorphism; flowers; fruits; insects; ovules; pollination; pollinators; scanning electron microscopy; stigma
Abstract:
... We analyzed the gynoecium morphology and anatomy of Tricomaria usillo in young and mature flowers from diverse populations in order to analyze the differentiation of structure and function of the parts of the carpel. We also aimed to find the potential pollinators and associate the morphology of the gynoecium with its role. We compare the characteristics of the gynoecium of T. usillo and discuss t ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01373-3

11. Identification, classification, and evolution of putative xylosyltransferases from algae

Author:
Han, Wentao; Fan, Xiao; Teng, Linhong; Kaczurowski, Michelle Joyce Slade; Zhang, Xiaowen; Xu, Dong; Yin, Yanbin; Ye, Naihao
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1119-1132
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Bacillariophyceae; Charophyta; Chlorophyta; Choanoflagellatea; Cryptista; Echinodermata; Eustigmatophyceae; Pelagophyceae; Phaeophyceae; Rhodophyta; algae; ancestry; biosynthesis; endosymbionts; fucoidan; fucose; genes; phylogeny; sequence analysis; transferases; xylan; xyloglucans; xylose
Abstract:
... Xylosyltransferases (XylTs) play key roles in the biosynthesis of many different polysaccharides. These enzymes transfer D-xylose from UDP-xylose to substrate acceptors. In this study, we identified 30 XylTs from primary endosymbionts (green algae, red algae, and glaucophytes) and secondary or higher endosymbionts (brown algae, diatoms, Eustigmatophyceae, Pelagophyceae, and Cryptophyta). We perfor ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01358-2

12. Insights into the maternal pathway for Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus infection of cucurbit seeds

Author:
Shargil, Dorit; Zemach, Hanita; Belausov, Eduard; Lachman, Oded; Luria, Neta; Molad, Ori; Smith, Elisheva; Kamenetsky, Rina; Dombrovsky, Aviv
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1109-1118
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
plant viruses; fluorescence in situ hybridization; Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus; geographical distribution; flowering; fruits; ovules; plant diseases and disorders; seed crop production; fluorescence; watermelons; cucumbers; female flowers; viruses; disinfection; seed coat; Cucurbitaceae; crops
Abstract:
... Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), genus Tobamovirus, is a major pathogen of cucurbits that primarily affects cucumber, melon, and watermelon crops. The aim of this study was to reveal the contribution of CGMMV-infected female flowers to disease spread. Using a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, we show that ovaries and ovules of CGMMV-infected cucumber and melon plants s ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01370-6

13. Interspecies comparative features of trichomes in Ocimum reveal insights for biosynthesis of specialized essential oil metabolites

Author:
Maurya, Shiwani; Chandra, Muktesh; Yadav, Ritesh K.; Narnoliya, Lokesh K.; Sangwan, Rajender S.; Bansal, Shilpi; Sandhu, Pankajpreet; Singh, Umesh; Kumar, Devender; Sangwan, Neelam Singh
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 893-907
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Ocimum basilicum; Ocimum gratissimum; Ocimum kilimandscharicum; Ocimum tenuiflorum; biochemical pathways; biosynthesis; chemical constituents of plants; comparative study; cultivars; essential oils; eugenol; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; gene expression regulation; genes; genetic improvement; leaf area; leaves; messenger RNA; metabolites; methyl chavicol; odors; terpenoids; trichomes
Abstract:
... Ocimum species commonly referred to as “Tulsi” are well-known for their distinct medicinal and aromatic properties. The characteristic aroma of Ocimum species and cultivars is attributed to their specific combination of volatile phytochemicals mainly belonging to terpenoid and/or phenylpropanoid classes in their essential oils. The essential oil constituents are synthesized and sequestered in spec ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-018-01338-y

14. Mesopore structure in Camellia Oleifera shell

Author:
Wang, Qianqian; Chang, Shanshan; Tan, Yujing; Hu, Jinbo
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1145-1151
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Camellia oleifera; agricultural wastes; biomass; biomimetic materials; byproducts; cell walls; cooking fats and oils; nitrogen; raw materials; vascular bundles
Abstract:
... Generally, Camellia oleifera shells are byproducts of edible oil production and are often incinerated or discarded as agricultural waste without any sustainable uses. Although numerous studies have focused on the C. oleifera shell, few studies have examined its biological characteristics, particularly its internal mesoporosity. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the microscopic biologic ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01371-5

15. New trends in Passiflora L. pollen grains: morphological/aperture aspects and wall layer considerations

Author:
Richardo, Jaiana; Silvério, Adriano
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 923-939
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Neotropics; Passiflora; cluster analysis; exine; natural history; palynology; phylogeny; pollen; pollinators; ultrastructure; South America
Abstract:
... Passifloraceae shows a huge variability of pollen wall characteristics, most still little described. Passiflora is the largest genus with about 580 species with tropical distribution. Few studies in palynological approaches have described the intine layer which can fill existent gaps. Passiflora L. present four subgenera, from which Passiflora, Astrophea, and Decaloba were described in this study. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01350-w

16. Osmophores of Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae): a particular structure of the androecium that releases an unusual scent

Author:
Paiva, Elder Antônio Sousa; Dötterl, Stefan; De-Paula, Orlando Cavalari; Schlindwein, Clemens; Souto, Letícia Silva; Vitarelli, Narah Costa; da Silva, Claudia Inês; Mateus, Sidnei; Alves-dos-Santos, Isabel; Oliveira, Denise Maria Trombert
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 971-981
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Caryocar brasiliense; Chiroptera; androecium; cell walls; cerrado; cytosol; droplets; fatty acids; flagship species; flowering; flowers; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; moths; mouthparts; odors; oils; plasma membrane; pollination; pollinators; ultrastructure
Abstract:
... Caryocar brasiliense is a flagship species of the Brazilian Cerrado. It produces flowers with a strong peculiar scent, which are pollinated by bats and occasionally moths with short mouthparts. However, the cues responsible for attracting these nocturnal pollinators remain unknown. We aimed to identify osmophores of C. brasiliense, describe the ultrastructure of the cells involved in the synthesis ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01356-4

17. Polyphosphate accumulation dynamics in a population of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells under phosphate overplus

Author:
Voronkov, Alexander; Sinetova, Maria
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1153-1164
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803; autotrophs; cold; cold stress; dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; dyes; formaldehyde; granules; heat stress; phosphorus; polyphosphates; temperature
Abstract:
... In this study, a simple and rapid DAPI-based protocol was developed and optimized to visualize polyphosphates (polyPs) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The optimum dye concentration and incubation time were determined, and formaldehyde fixation was shown to significantly improve polyP detection in Synechocystis cells. Using the developed protocol, for the first time, it was shown ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01374-2

18. SlNAC2 overexpression in Arabidopsis results in enhanced abiotic stress tolerance with alteration in glutathione metabolism

Author:
Borgohain, Pankaj; Saha, Bedabrata; Agrahari, Rajkishan; Chowardhara, Bhaben; Sahoo, Smita; van der Vyver, Christell; Panda, Sanjib Kumar
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1065-1077
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
Arabidopsis thaliana; DNA; Solanum lycopersicum; biosynthesis; disulfides; drought; gene overexpression; genes; glutathione; glutathione-disulfide reductase; nucleotides; osmotic stress; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; reactive oxygen species; salinity; sodium chloride; soil; stakeholders; stress response; stress tolerance; transcription factors; transgenic plants
Abstract:
... Plant NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factors (TF) have important roles to play in abiotic stress responses through activation of a battery of functional genes/transcriptional regulators responsible for stress tolerance. Here we report the cloning of a novel Solanum lycopersicum L., NAC2 TF having 960 nucleotides long CDS (GenBank: KT740994.1). Phylogenetic analysis depicted the similarity ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01368-0

19. Synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence shows sulfur accumulation in the middle cortex of N2-fixing legume nodules

Author:
Rivard, Camille; Amenc, Laurie; Benlahrech, Samia; Makoudi, Bouchra; Teffahi, Mustapha; Castillo-Michel, Hiram A.; Cotte, Marine; Lassalle-Kaiser, Benedikt; Drevon, Jean-Jacques
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1025-1035
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
cortex; flowering; fluorescence; freeze drying; legumes; magnesium; metabolism; nitrogen fixation; oxygen; permeability; phosphorus; plant growth; sulfur
Abstract:
... Sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P) are essential elements for plant growth and physiological functioning. Their deficiency can limit N₂ fixation and nodule development in nodulated legumes. The location of S within nodule tissues could provide insights into S metabolism and its little-known relationship with N₂ fixation. Determinate and indeterminate nodules were inoculated with specific rhizobia and g ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01360-8

20. Topological traits of a cellular pattern versus growth rate anisotropy in radish roots

Author:
Piekarska-Stachowiak, Anna; Szymanowska-Pułka, Joanna; Potocka, Izabela; Lipowczan, Marcin
Source:
Protoplasma 2019 v.256 no.4 pp. 1037-1049
ISSN:
0033-183X
Subject:
animal organs; anisotropy; plant organs; radishes; root cap; stele; tissues; topology
Abstract:
... The topology of a cellular pattern, which means the spatial arrangement of cells, directly corresponds with cell packing, which is crucial for tissue and organ functioning. The topological features of cells that are typically analyzed are the number of their neighbors and the cell area. To date, the objects of most topological studies have been the growing cells of the surface tissues of plant and ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00709-019-01362-6
PubMed:
30834467
PubMed Central:
PMC6579784