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at-risk population; climate; color; global warming; heat stress; mixing; population density; summer; temperature; Europe; Mediterranean region; Southern European region
Abstract:
... Assessing multiple climatic and non-climatic variables affecting one region at the same time is a crucial aspect to support climate adaptation action. This publication presents a method to display relevant measures of any three adaptation relevant parameters (or optionally their projected future changes) at once on a map by allocating them to multiple transparency levels of the three primary color ...
... In Eastern Mediterranean history, 1200 BCE is a symbolic date. Its significance is tied to the important upheavals that destabilised regional-scale economic systems, leading to the dislocation of mighty Empires and, finally, to the “demise” of a societal model (termed “the Crisis Years”). Recent studies have suggested that a centuries-long drought, of regional scale, termed the 3.2 ka BP event, co ...
Samuel Robert; Dennis Fox; Guilhem Boulay; Antoine Grandclément; Marie Garrido; Vanina Pasqualini; Aurélie Prévost; Alexandra Schleyer-Lindenmann; Marie-Laure Trémélo
coasts; environmental protection; issues and policy; urban planning; urbanization; Europe; Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... As in many other European countries, urbanisation and urban sprawl along the French Mediterranean coast are a major concern. Understanding this phenomenon requires both multi-level and multi-disciplinary approaches. In this perspective, this article presents a framework for the observation and analysis of urban sprawl in the French Mediterranean coastal zone. Developed in the context of a scientif ...
community gardens; cooperatives; economic impact; energy; environmental impact; human capital; local food systems; purchasing; recycling; social capital; social impact; Europe
Abstract:
... The contribution of community-based initiatives towards sustainability transitions is of growing interest. However, systematic, quantitative, and comparative assessments of their potential impact across different environmental, social, and economic dimensions are scarce. In this paper, we present a multi-dimensional assessment of 37 initiatives grouped in the following typologies: community garden ...
climate; climate models; global warming; greenhouse gases; simulation models; summer; temperature; uncertainty; Europe; Mediterranean region; Middle East; Northern Africa
Abstract:
... Observation and model-based studies have identified the Mediterranean region as one of the most prominent climate change “hot-spots.” Parts of this distinctive region are included in several Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) domains such as those for Europe, Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East/North Africa. In this study, we compile and analyze monthly temperature and ...
analytical methods; climate change; coastal zone management; decentralization; decision making; empirical research; environmental policy; models; planning; risk; sea level; social environment; England
Abstract:
... Understanding social-ecological system (SES) feedbacks and interactions is crucial to improving societal resilience to growing environmental challenges. Social-ecological systems are usually researched at one of two spatial scales: local placed-based empirical studies or system-scale modelling, with limited efforts to date exploring the merits of combining these two analytical approaches and scale ...
biodiversity; climate change; collaborative management; data quality; economic development; fisheries; ice; monitoring; pollution; risk; tourism; Arctic region
Abstract:
... Marine social-ecological conditions in the Arctic are rapidly changing. With many transboundary issues, such as shifting ranges of fisheries, biodiversity loss, sea ice retreat, economic development and pollution, greater pan-Arctic assessment and co-management are necessary. We adapted the Ocean Health Index (OHI) to compile pan-Arctic data and evaluate ocean health for nine regions above the Arc ...
... Assessment of potential forests’ threats due to multiple global change components is urgently needed since increasing exposure to them could undermine their future persistence. We aim to assess the risks to the persistence of monospecific forests in Western Mediterranean Europe posed by climate change, fire, and land-use changes (i.e., deforestation) in the short and medium terms (horizon 2040). W ...
Streptopelia; buildings; doves; habitat preferences; indicator species; issues and policy; land use; landscapes; models; regression analysis; roads; synanthropes; Italy; Mediterranean Islands; Southern European region
Abstract:
... We studied the habitat preferences at three different landscape scales of Eurasian collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto), a bird which recently colonized the Western and Southern Europe, with the aim to corroborate their synanthropic ecology and to propose it as indicator of human-induced landscape change. We carried out this study in a small circum-Sardinian island (Italy) of high conservation co ...
altitude; amphibians; arable soils; climate change; climatic factors; community structure; coniferous forests; deciduous forests; herpetofauna; land cover; land use; pastures; planning; reptiles; Carpathian region
Abstract:
... Understanding how climate and land cover currently shape species distributions and community structure is crucial to inform conservation decisions. Unfortunately, limited information is available for the relative importance of climatic and land use variables in determining the distribution of amphibians and reptiles. Here, we studied amphibian and reptile communities from the Carpathian Mountains, ...
... Recent criticisms of, and financial limits on, payment for hydrologic services (PHS) programs suggest that rigorous, spatially explicit evaluations are urgently needed to improve their effectiveness in conserving forest cover and to justify payments. To evaluate the effectiveness of Mexico’s PHS programs in the Pixquiac and Gavilanes subwatersheds in central Veracruz state, we used a grid-based ap ...
case studies; cropland; crops; data collection; land suitability; polders; China
Abstract:
... Global historical cropland datasets allocate cropland areas into grids above on the assumption that land suitable for crops is similar to that in the present or changeless over time. However, land suitability has changed over time. The Dongting Plain, which is full of polders, is characterized by changing land suitability for crops over the past 300 years and provides a case study of the impact of ...
Johanna Jacobi; Stellah Mukhovi; Aymara Llanque; Daniela Toledo; Chinwe Ifejika Speranza; Fabian Käser; Horacio Augstburger; José Manuel Freddy Delgado; Boniface P. Kiteme; Stephan Rist
farmers; food supply chain; issues and policy; pastoralism; risk perception; risk reduction; uncertainty; Bolivia; Kenya
Abstract:
... Food system sustainability depends, among other aspects, on the resilience of different components of food systems. By resilience, we mean the ability of a food system to withstand stress and shocks, recover, and adapt to change. In this study, we examined the resilience of food systems, firstly, by compiling the risks perceived by different food system actors in the Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia ...
farm management; farmers; farms; geographic information systems; irrigated farming; market access; models; poverty; rain; resource management; rural areas; semiarid zones; socioeconomic factors; systematic review; temperature; water management; water shortages; Mediterranean region
Abstract:
... In order to meet future food demand while sustainably managing available land and water resources, irrigated agriculture in semi-arid regions needs to adapt as a response to climate and socio-economic change. In this study, we focus on the Mediterranean region, a dynamic region, which is highly dependent on irrigated agriculture. We provide insight on adaptation strategies implemented on farm leve ...
biodiversity; capital; climate change; freshwater fisheries; homeowners; income; littoral zone; livelihood; social environment; surveys; Lake Tanganyika; Tanzania
Abstract:
... Fisheries around the world are declining due to growing anthropogenic pressures including climate change and overexploitation. Understanding how small-scale fishers respond to this unprecedented challenge is critical for developing more effective management strategies in vulnerable socio-ecological systems. While considerable research is focused on adaptation to change in marine contexts, greater ...
USDA Forest Service; decision making; forest management; forests; governance; information management; interviews; issues and policy; monitoring; social networks; Western United States
Abstract:
... Scholarship on adaptive governance emphasizes the importance of institutional flexibility, collaboration, and social networks for linking knowledge to action across scales of socio-ecological organization. However, a major gap in our knowledge exists around the design of policies that can support the generation and application of knowledge across levels of decision-making in natural resource manag ...
climate change; drought; farmers; information services; infrastructure; irrigation; issues and policy; risk reduction; China
Abstract:
... Growing evidence indicates that climate change will exacerbate the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, particularly drought. The North China plain is an important agricultural production region that is subject to a significant shortage of water and is often hit by extreme weather events, particularly drought. Therefore, this study aims to examine how farmers in the North China plain ...
attitudes and opinions; citizen participation; ecological value; ecosystem services; estuaries; floods; governance; learning; model validation; models; planning; shorelines; wetlands; willingness to pay; Scotland
Abstract:
... Managed realignment of shorelines to manage floods and restore wetland can be difficult to implement without the support and involvement of local communities. Ecosystem service valuation tools, such as choice experiments, can be used to engage citizens in planning these sustainable transitions, yet citizens need to know their local shoreline and the pressures it is facing. Otherwise, people’s abil ...
... Transformations to sustainability for addressing climate change are now more urgent than ever. This paper argues that such transformations are firstly required in modernist practices that militate against sustainability due to their constitution by the fallacy of human control. The latter points to the conceit of suppressing uncertainties in knowledge, commandeering agency from ‘above’, standardis ...
altitude; animals; biodiversity; conservation areas; ecosystem services; forest restoration; land use; lowland forests; phenology; planning; plantations; plants (botany); prices; rubber; shifting cultivation; tea; tropical forests; valleys; China; South East Asia
Abstract:
... The expansion of rubber plantations in northern Southeast Asia over the last 20 years displaced shifting cultivation and tropical forests. In Xishuangbanna, SW China, rubber occupied 22% of the area by 2010, reducing lowland forest to scattered fragments, with severe impacts on plants, animals, and ecosystem services. The rubber price has declined steeply since 2011, but consequences for forest bi ...
agroecosystems; case studies; climate change; development planning; drought; ecosystem services; human development; humans; landscapes; livelihood; risk assessment; supply chain; water management; watersheds; Rwanda
Abstract:
... Sustaining multiple ecosystem service benefits in transboundary river basins is a complex and challenging task in the developing world. This can be attributed to conflicting conservation and human development needs and exacerbated by climate change impacts, especially episodic drought and flooding events. We use a case study from Rwanda in the Kagera River Basin in Eastern Africa to contextualize ...
... Worldwide, there are at least 12 ILTER sites with an emphasis on karst, landforms arising from the combination of high rock solubility and well-developed solutional channel porosity underground, but the study of cave ecosystems has been largely neglected. Only two ILTER sites, both in Slovenia, are primarily caves. Caves are under-represented for several reasons, but especially because of the over ...
European Union; coasts; experts; global change; infrastructure; stakeholders; urbanization; France
Abstract:
... In the context of global change, the South of Gard coastal region in southern France is building up an adaptation plan in order to reduce vulnerability to several external drivers, including demographic growth, sea rise, and a new environmental directive from the European Union. However, adaptations which would reduce the vulnerability of some stakeholders might increase that of others. To explore ...
European Union; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; case studies; climate; climate change; decision making; socioeconomics; temperature; uncertainty; Hungary; Portugal; Scotland
Abstract:
... Despite the Paris Agreement target of holding global temperature increases 1.5 to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, high-end climate change (HECC) scenarios going beyond 4 °C are becoming increasingly plausible. HECC may imply increasing climate variability and extremes as well as the triggering of tipping points, posing further difficulties for adaptation. This paper compares the outcomes of four ...
... Mountains host high biological and cultural diversity, generating ecosystem services providing benefits over multiple scales but also suffering significant poverty and vulnerabilities. Case studies in two contrasting village communities in the Indian Middle Himalayas explore linkages between people and adjacent forest and river ecosystems. Interviews with local people and direct observations revea ...
... In order to improve the understanding of the carbon cycle in the Pyrenean region, two atmospheric monitoring mountain stations were set up within the Long-Term Ecological Research node of Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici at Central Pyrenees, Spain. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) was measured over 2008–2014 and 2010–2014 at Estany Llong (ELL) site and Centre de Recerca d ...
Common Agricultural Policy; agricultural industry; agricultural land; basins; eutrophication; farms; fertilizer application; hydrology; issues and policy; land use; nitrogen; phosphorus; simulation models; Baltic Sea
Abstract:
... Agriculture is an important source of nitrogen and phosphorous loads to the Baltic Sea. We study how the European Union’s (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), and in particular how its first pillar, containing most of the budget and the decoupled farm payments, affects eutrophication. To aid our study, we use three simulation models, covering the agricultural sector in the EU, a hydrological nut ...
abandoned land; altitude; birds; geographic information systems; humans; land use; landscapes; livelihood; rural areas; shrublands; species richness; subsistence farming; surveys; villages; Spain
Abstract:
... Land use affects diversity in human-dominated landscape mosaics. Thus, bird species richness may be affected by the balance between agriculture and rural abandonment in long-term human-dominated landscapes. We explored whether land abandonment is related to species richness and abundance of birds in a rural area of SW Europe. We conducted avian point count surveys and landscape characterization us ...
Sven Lautenbach; Anne-Christine Mupepele; Carsten F. Dormann; Heera Lee; Stefan Schmidt; Samantha S. K. Scholte; Ralf Seppelt; Astrid J. A. van Teeffelen; Willem Verhagen; Martin Volk
biodiversity; case studies; ecosystem services; ecosystems; issues and policy; models; stakeholders
Abstract:
... Ecosystem service research is high on the policy agenda. Strategies to synthesize individual success stories and derive generalized results to provide guidance for policymakers and stakeholder is central to many science-policy initiatives, such as Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity. However, generalizati ...
biodiversity; databases; ecological function; ecosystem services; ecosystems; experimental design; issues and policy; linear models; meta-analysis; social welfare; stakeholders; statistical analysis; surveys; systematic review
Abstract:
... Through changes in policy and practice, the inherent intent of the ecosystem services (ES) concept is to safeguard ecosystems for human wellbeing. While impact is intrinsic to the concept, little is known about how and whether ES science leads to impact. Evidence of impact is needed. Given the lack of consensus on what constitutes impact, we differentiate between attributional impacts (transitiona ...
Gabriela Marques Di Giulio; Roger Rodrigues Torres; David M. Lapola; Ana Maria Bedran-Martins; Maria da Penha Vasconcellos; Diego Rafael Braga; Marcos Paulo Fuck; Yohanna Juk; Veruska Nogueira; Ana Carolina Penna; Tiago Jacaúna; Marcelo Fetz; Zoraide Pessoa; Rylanneive Pontes; Marize Schons; Adriano Premebida
cities; climate; climate change; local government; politics; urban areas; urban planning; Brazil
Abstract:
... All over the world, there is a pressing need to better understand how climate change has been incorporated into governmental agendas, and evaluate the status of adaptation planning and interventions at the local level. In this paper, we seek to contribute towards bridging this gap by identifying local practices connected to climate adaptation in six large Brazilian cities, and presenting a framewo ...
center of gravity; climate change; models; probability distribution; stakeholders; uncertainty
Abstract:
... Uncertainties in our understanding of current and future climate change projections, impacts and vulnerabilities are structured by scientists using scenarios, which are generally in qualitative (narrative) and quantitative (numerical) forms. Although conceptually strong, qualitative and quantitative scenarios have limited complementarity due to the lack of a fundamental bridge between two differen ...
... Remote sensing data can be used to improve our understanding of environmental change over longer periods. Here, we used a series of orthorectified aerial photographs of 1938–1940 and 1957 and recent satellite images of 2014–2016 to explore trends and patterns of woody vegetation cover in the Lake Tana Basin of northwestern Ethiopia, and to understand how land cover changes influence gully dynamics ...
cannibalism; data collection; disasters; drought; statistical analysis; wavelet; China
Abstract:
... Despite the effort made by historians and archaeologists to investigate cannibalism in human societies, large-N statistical analysis of cannibalism and its triggering factors in pre-industrial societies is still missing in the literature. In this study, I base on 1194 cannibalism incidents in northern China in 1470–1911, together with other fine-grained paleo-climate and historical war datasets, t ...
case studies; climate change; coastal zone management; coasts; collective action; decentralization; decision making; governance; land use planning; politics; social environment; France
Abstract:
... In coastal areas around the world, actors are responding to multiple global changes by implementing adaptation plans, often confined within a single-focal perspective with few explanations of targeted changes and cross-scale interactions. To better anticipate the raising coordination issues and the potential feedbacks generated by adaptation in these complex social-ecological systems where governa ...
climate change; economic development; financial economics; income; landscapes; mortality; China
Abstract:
... Studies have reported that economic development can contribute to reducing vulnerability to natural hazards. However, there exist considerable variations in the association between economic growth and vulnerability, especially at the sub-country scale. Based on climatic hazard impact (indicated by mortality and direct economic losses (DEL)) and economic development data for 31 provinces in the mai ...
... This study investigates changes in wind power potential by 2060 over the Mediterranean Basin under two future scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) using wind simulations from the EURO-CORDEX project (12.5 km). An annual and seasonal increase in wind power was observed over the Aegean Sea and the Gulf of Lion in both scenarios, with significant values obtaining only over the former region. The most sign ...
air temperature; climatic factors; disasters; glaciers; highlands; landscapes; mountains; remote sensing; risk; topographic maps; Russia
Abstract:
... Mountain glaciers currently exist in 18 mountainous regions of the continental part of Russia. They occupy a total area of about 3480 km². Almost all the glaciers in these mountainous areas have receded over the past few decades. The process of glacier retreat leads to landscape change in the glacier zone and can also lead to increased risks of hazards and natural disasters. The existing research ...
agropastoralism; climate change; drought; infrastructure; market economy; markets; water supply; Israel
Abstract:
... Marginalized resource-dependent groups (MRDGs) are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and weather extremes. However, research on MRDGs tends to analyze their vulnerability in a specific point in time, thereby neglecting the examination of changes that evolve over time spans that are similar to those on which climatic changes occur. This study adopts a long-term perspective, examini ...
assets; climate change; drought; ecology; human health; livelihood; socioeconomics; statistics; summer; water supply; Germany
Abstract:
... Drought directly and indirectly affects the entire socio-economic and environmental sectors in southwestern Germany. Such impacts are a result of the drought hazard and an underlying vulnerability of the systems. With respect to climate change and the dynamics of vulnerability over time, it becomes crucial to investigate the preceding components, in order to understand possible future magnitudes o ...
global change; humans; issues and policy; meta-analysis; primary productivity; research programs; risk; rural areas; systematic review; New Zealand
Abstract:
... The concept of ‘resilience’ has recently gained traction in a range of contexts. Its various interpretations and framings are now used to examine a variety of issues, particularly relating to the human dimensions of global change. This can pose challenges to scholars, practitioners, and policy-makers seeking to develop focused research programmes, design targeted interventions, and communicate acr ...
climate; climate change; issues and policy; planning; risk; Caribbean
Abstract:
... Climate change adaptation planning has rapidly expanded to assist with reducing vulnerability to current and projected impacts of climate change. In Caribbean small island developing states (SIDS), planned adaptation is viewed as essential to address their high vulnerability to climate change, and planning has begun in earnest across the region. However, there has been limited analysis of adaptati ...
altitude; climate; climate change; developing countries; geophysics; hills; infrastructure; issues and policy; livelihood; mountains; society; socioeconomics; surveys; temperature; uncertainty; weather; Central Asia
Abstract:
... Mountain societies in developing and low-income countries are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, which can severely threaten their livelihoods. The situation of mountain communities in the Pamir and Tien Shan mountains in Central Asia is exacerbated by remote location, difficult access, and poorly maintained infrastructure as well as by a distinctly continental climate. Designing ...
climate; climate change; humans; issues and policy; models; socioeconomics; uncertainty; India
Abstract:
... Climate-related uncertainty refers to the inability to predict the scale, intensity, and impact of climate change on human and natural environments. Debates of uncertainty in climate change have emerged as a ‘super wicked’ problem for scientists and policy makers alike. The article draws on ongoing research in different socio-ecological and cultural settings in India (Kutch, the Sundarbans and Mum ...
General Circulation Models; altitude; climate change; habitats; linear models; risk; species diversity; temperate forests; trees; uncertainty; wood; Iran
Abstract:
... This study aimed to assess the impacts of climate change on the distribution of major tree species in the temperate forests of Northern Iran (also known as Hyrcanian forests). We analyzed the current distributions of the eleven major tree species using an ensemble approach involving five different species distribution models (generalized linear model, generalized additive model, generalized boosti ...
Henry P. Huntington; Mark Carey; Charlene Apok; Bruce C. Forbes; Shari Fox; Lene K. Holm; Aitalina Ivanova; Jacob Jaypoody; George Noongwook; Florian Stammler
climate; climate change; education; indigenous peoples; issues and policy; poverty; Arctic region
Abstract:
... Climate change is a major challenge to Arctic and other Indigenous peoples, but not the only and often not the most pressing one. We propose re-framing the treatment of climate change in policy and research, to make sure health, poverty, education, cultural vitality, equity, justice, and other topics highlighted by the people themselves and not just climate science also get the attention they dese ...
carbon footprint; climate change; emissions factor; empirical research; energy; greenhouse gas emissions; greenhouse gases; organic foods; pollution control; public services and goods; social cohesion; transportation; wastes; Europe
Abstract:
... There is a growing recognition that a transition to a sustainable low-carbon society is urgently needed. This transition takes place at multiple and complementary scales, including bottom-up approaches such as community-based initiatives (CBIs). However, empirical research on CBIs has focused until now on anecdotal evidence and little work has been done to quantitatively assess their impact in ter ...
... Recent studies have estimated that climate-generated extreme weather disasters have reduced crop yields globally by up to 10%. By incorporating indicators of adaptive capacity and sensitivity, we develop empirical models of the relationship between extreme weather disasters and agricultural output between 1995 and 2010. Using panel data models, we find that the greater the adaptive capacity of a c ...
climate; climate change; decision making; ecology; information needs; information sources; interviews; issues and policy; meteorological data; new products; planning; wetlands; wildlife; wildlife management; Midwestern United States
Abstract:
... This paper investigates what is needed to make climate and weather information more usable for the wildlife management practitioners and ecological researchers in the Prairie Potholes Region (PPR) of the North Central United States. Using interviews, policy document analysis, and participant observation, we identify climate and weather information needs, barriers to use, and opportunities to provi ...
climate; climate change; issues and policy; scientists; uncertainty
Abstract:
... In climate change science, the existence of a high degree of uncertainty seems to be the cause of anxiety for many scientists because it appears to undermine the authority of the science. One of the assertions made by the so-called sceptics against the scientific consensus on climate change is that because the science is so uncertain, there is no basis for taking action. The response of the climat ...