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body water; compliance; federal government; lakes; managers; monitoring; pollution control; rivers; space and time; surface water; water pollution; water quality; water quality criteria; water quality standards; United States
Abstract:
... Water quality criteria, as a means of distinguishing "good" water from "bad" water, have been employed for over 150 years. During the 1940s and 1950s, the formulation of water quality criteria and their role in water quality management were hotly debated in the United States as each state formulated its own approach to water pollution control. In 1965, when the federal government assumed control o ...
environmental science; experts; issues and policy; managers; risk; stakeholders; uncertainty
Abstract:
... Integrated assessment is an approach that seeks to involve all disciplines in policy-relevant assessment. The process aims to encompass environmental science, technology and policy problems. The aim is to establish an overview of the environmental issue in question that attempts to avoid the mistakes of the past associated with narrow, one-sided or unidimensional approaches. A number of methods ar ...
... How to choose among the dozen policy instruments available to environmental management agencies has been a matter of concern and debate among environmental economists for the entire life of the profession – nearly four decades. The ability, or lack of it, to measure the quantities or observe the actions made "enforceable" by particular policy instruments ought clearly to be central to this choice. ...
decision making; economics; environmental management; issues and policy; monitoring; quality of life; water management; Europe
Abstract:
... This paper addresses the issue of indicators for water management by considering why we need them, what the characteristics of a good indicator should be, how they can add value to policy and decision-making, and what are their limitations. There are a vast quantity of data available on water in Europe from which a range of basic trend indicators has been derived. Most of these indicators address ...
attitudes and opinions; governance; issues and policy; monitoring; people; public works; water management; water utilities
Abstract:
... Specification of information needs is an important step in the design of monitoring networks. Within the framework of Monitoring Strategy 2000+, a programme of the Dutch Directorate General of Public Works and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat) which seeks to provide innovation in the monitoring sector, a method has been developed to link water management policy to monitoring through specification ...
ecosystems; geographic information systems; remote sensing; socioeconomics
Abstract:
... Improvements in remote sensing technologies and the use of geographic information system (GIS), are increasingly allowing us to develop indicators that can be used to monitor and assess ecosystem condition and change at multiple scales. This paper presents global- and regional-level indicators developed by the World Resources Institute and collaborating partners using remote sensing and GIS. Prese ...
... This paper examines the weaknesses in the current understanding of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) from the perspective of livelihoods. Empowering poor people, reducing poverty, improving livelihoods, and promoting economic growth ought to be the basic objectives of IWRM. But as currently understood and used, IWRM often tends to focus on second-generation issues such as cost recovery, ...
governance; learning; local government; monitoring; planning; water management
Abstract:
... The topic is introduced by a short but critical discussion of criteria and needs of Participatory Integrated Assessment (PIA) and participatory local planning. This paper depicts differences of participation in Integrated Assessment and in local level planning but provides also conditions and ideas how PIA can be used for local planning including implementation. A small review of PIA and participa ...
climate change; governance; humans; industry; infrastructure; interviews; issues and policy; models; people; soil; subsidence; systems analysis; water management
Abstract:
... Over the past decades, the Dutch people have been confronted with severe water-related problems, which are the result of an unsustainable water system, arising from human interventions in the physical infrastructure of the water system and the water management style. The claims of housing, industry, infrastructure and agriculture have resulted in increasing pressure on the water system. The contin ...
cost effectiveness; decision making; humans; information dissemination; socioeconomics; surface water; water management; watersheds; Norway
Abstract:
... Consistent and relevant information on the status of water systems is indispensable for rational and cost-effective water management. This statement has general validity for all types of river basins, but is particularly relevant for transboundary water regions. Information is used to support decision-making and to evaluate the effects of water resources management decisions. Information productio ...
El Nino; adverse effects; air pollution; cholera; cities; climate; coasts; eyes; food production; freshwater; global warming; heat; human health; issues and policy; malaria; people; pests; phytoplankton; population; risk; seafoods; smoke; throat; toxins; vector-borne diseases; Latin America
Abstract:
... Many people would be increasingly affected by living under critical conditions in Latin America if, as expected, global warming aggravates disease and pest transmission processes. Heat waves and air pollution would increase heat-related diseases and illness episodes in large cities. Fire smoke has been associated with irritation of the throat, lung and eyes, and respiratory problems. Climate extre ...
... Significant, adverse climatic change and drastically increased demographic pressure have strongly affected, in recent years, the hydrology and environment in the semi-arid Sahel region of West Africa. Marked rain deficits have coincided with increased water runoff, meaning less water availability for the vegetation. Conversely, changes in vegetation cover have had strong repercussions on the hydro ...
... Nutrient flux to the sea through the estuary is important to the health of the sea. Combining natural processes with anthropogenic activities, we discuss the influence on the nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes to the Yangtze River basin, to the estuary and to the sea. The fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) to the estuary through the river/estuary inte ...
... A qualitative model of smallholder agriculture with a few core variables and two allocation rules for labour and investment in agricultural resources was developed to cover spatial heterogeneity in Northeast Brazil. This region is characterised by large natural and socio-economic variance, recurrent droughts and widespread rural poverty. The resulting system dynamics essentially consists of a cycl ...
... Adaptive capacity in a community context has so far mainly been studied in developing countries as well as indigenous communities in the industrialised world. This article adds to that literature through reviewing studies undertaken in the Nordic countries and Russia, highlighting the ways in which general determinants of adaptive capacity play out in Northern, industrialised contexts. The paper i ...
... Climate changes in the Mediterranean region, related to a significant increase in temperature and changes in precipitation patterns, can potentially affect local economies. Agriculture and tourism are undoubtedly the most important economic sources for Greece and these may be more strongly affected by changing future climate conditions. Climate change and their various negative impacts on human li ...
basins; climate; climate change; deforestation; drought; floods; humans; land restoration; land use; play activities; pollution load; rain; runoff; sediments; soil conservation; surveys; watersheds; Yangtze River
Abstract:
... Climate change and human disturbance drive catchment erosion and increase riverine sediment load sensitively in small and medium-sized watersheds. This is not always true in large basins, where aggregation and buffering effects have dampen the ability to determine the driving forces of sedimentation. Even though there are significant responses to sedimentation in large river basins, it is difficul ...
land use change; sediments; nutrient content; carbon; carbon sinks; oxidation; Angiospermae; urbanization; biogeochemical cycles
Abstract:
... Organic geochemical proxies (OC, OC/TN, δ13C, and lignin oxidation products) were measured in a 271 cm long sediment core collected from central Jiaozhou Bay, northern China, to study the response of terrestrial and marine organic carbon burials to the surrounding urbanization. Terrestrial organic carbon content was constantly low from the bottom of the core to ~150 cm depth, indicating a stable a ...
World Health Organization; air pollution; air quality; control methods; environmental sustainability; households; issues and policy; pollutants; urban areas; urban planning; India
Abstract:
... Air pollution is a major environmental problem in urban areas worldwide. Delhi, the capital city of India, is no exception to the universal pattern of deteriorating urban air quality with concentration of pollutants being well above the recommended WHO levels. The magnitude and urgency of the problem as a global environmental issue needs a systematic understanding of the potential causes of pollut ...
... Regional Siberian studies have already registered climate warming over the last several decades. We evaluated ongoing climate change in central Siberia between 1991 and 2010 and a baseline period, 1961â1990, and between 1991 and 2010 and Hadley 2020 climate change projections, represented by the moderate B1 and severe A2 scenarios. Our analysis showed that winters are already 2â3°C warmer in ...
agricultural land; case studies; climate; climate change; climate models; drought; irrigation; land classification; land use; meteorological data; plant-water relations; risk; soil profiles; soil water deficit; water resources; Scotland
Abstract:
... Land capability classification systems define and communicate biophysical limitations on land use, including climate, soils and topography. They can therefore provide an accessible format for both scientists and decision-makers to share knowledge on climate change impacts and adaptation. Underlying such classifications are complex interactions that require dynamic spatial analysis, particularly be ...
... While there are many studies of the impacts of climate change and variability on food production, few studies are devoted to a comprehensive assessment of impacts on food systems. Results of a survey of food systems and household adaptation strategies in three communities in the Afram Plains, Ghana, reveal how extreme climatic events affect rural food production, transportation, processing and sto ...
air temperature; climate change; coasts; dissolved oxygen; drought; floods; hazard characterization; rivers; sea level; storms; surface temperature; time series analysis; water quality; Algeria; Egypt; Mediterranean region; Tunisia
Abstract:
... This paper studies climatic drivers (air and water temperature, precipitation rates, river discharge, sea level and storm patterns) in four Mediterranean regions: the Catalan-Valencia Coast (Spain), the Oran (Algeria) and Gabès (Tunisia) Gulfs and the western Nile Delta (Egypt). The paper also considers the potential hazards that these drivers can induce. It first analyses climatic trends in the ...
Nyssa sylvatica; Taxodium distichum; case studies; forests; hydrology; land use change; landscapes; pastures; silvicultural practices; society; swamps; trees; Georgia
Abstract:
... Cypress domes are non-transient, disconnected, depressional wetland areas scattered about the southern United States. Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.), swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora) and other trees species typically occupy these sites. Even though these areas are relatively fixed on the landscape, given land use changes over the last 60–70 years, the spatial character of t ...
United Nations; gross domestic product; habitat fragmentation; human development; income
Abstract:
... This paper investigates the explanatory power of development, prosperity and regulatory capability as proximate causes of non-indigenous species (NIS) occurrence in different countries, doing this by statistically analysing a global cross-sectional data set. Since the quantification of development is subject to much discussion, two different indicators are tested: gross domestic product (GDP) per ...
... Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems on the earth. They produce various market and non-market goods and services, which have a significant role in human welfare. Despite the great opportunities from sustainable development, wetlands all over the world are under serious threat from a diverse range of non-sustainable activities. One of the major reasons for excessive depletion and the c ...
equations; fuelwood; girls; issues and policy; mothers; school children; schools; Kenya
Abstract:
... This paper presents an empirical study of schooling attendance and collection of environmental resources using cross-sectional data from Kiambu District of Kenya. Because the decision to collect environmental resources and attend school is jointly determined, we used a bivariate probit method to model the decisions. In addition, we corrected for the possible endogeneity of resource-collection work ...
Soil and Water Assessment Tool model; agricultural land; ecosystems; hydrologic data; land cover; land use change; remote sensing; rivers; subsistence farming; temporal variation; watershed management; watersheds; woodlands; Malawi
Abstract:
... A study was conducted to investigate hydrological impacts of land cover changes in the degradation of the hydrological on flow regimes of the Upper Shire river, Malawi. Remote sensing techniques were used to inventory temporal changes of land cover changes in the catchment. Hydrological data were analyzed to reveal the alterations and trends for two periods; 1989 and 2002. The study revealed signi ...
... This paper presents a theoretical framework that can be used to discuss the question of how context, time and different participatory process designs influence the results of participatory monitoring projects in terms of concrete outputs (such as sustainability indicators) and the more intangible social outcomes (such as learning and stakeholder relations). We will discuss and compare four differe ...
... Understanding the impacts of climate change on viticulture is especially essential in those areas producing high-quality wines. In this work, we create an operational framework to investigate climate change impact on viticulture in the Tuscany region (central Italy) the viticulture industry of which relies on producing high-quality wines to compete in a global market. The framework includes (i) st ...
tourism; tourists; winter; professionals; business enterprises; uncertainty; mountains; marketing; surveys; climate change; mass media; snow; climate models; stakeholders; skiing; Germany; German Democratic Republic
Abstract:
... This study deals with regional climate change in five low mountain areas in Eastern Germany and assesses the awareness of tourism professionals towards climate change, its impact on winter tourism and adaptation options. Favourable conditions for winter tourism decreased over the last decades in the Saxon low mountain ranges. A change from predominantly snow-based to a wider variety of winter tour ...
agricultural land; concentration of production; development policy; energy crops; global change; herds; hydrologic cycle; land use; nitrogen; prices; soil nutrient balance; watersheds; world markets
Abstract:
... Agricultural land use has shifted towards more intensified production because the prices of agricultural products have increased during the past years. Just a few years ago, voluntary area set-aside was a lucrative alternative in some regions. But nowadays, land is re-cultivated again, inter alia with biomass crops. Consequently, this affects the soil and nutrient balances in agriculture. The glob ...
agricultural industry; agricultural structures and facilities; business enterprises; coasts; farm programs; farmers; fish culture; fish ponds; groundwater; issues and policy; job training; questionnaires; stakeholders; subsidence; surveys; Taiwan
Abstract:
... Coastal land subsidence is a serious problem in Taiwan. Starting in 1995, the goal of the “Land Subsidence Prevention and Treatment Implementation Program” is to restructure the aquaculture industry to reduce groundwater consumption and reduce coastal land subsidence problems. However, this goal has not been met. This study aims to determine the reasons for its failure through a literature review ...
agricultural land; anthropogenic activities; economic productivity; ecosystem services; ecosystems; humans; land cover; land use change; photosynthesis; primary productivity; urban areas; Czech Republic
Abstract:
... We assessed human impacts on ecosystems by calculating the proportion of aboveground net primary production appropriated by humans (aHANPP) in the territory of the Czech Republic. The human appropriation of aboveground net primary production reached 21.5 Tg C per year in 2006 or 56% of the annual potential natural productivity. Harvested productivity equivalent aNPPH is contributing to the overall ...
... Agriculture is vulnerable to climate change in multiple ways. Here, we use the northern region of the Netherlands as a case study to explore how risk assessments for climate change impacts on crop production can address multiple vulnerabilities. We present a methodology, which we call agro climate calendar (ACC) that (i) includes potential yield losses, as well as loss of product quality, and (ii) ...
coasts; fish; fisheries; food webs; global warming; herbivores; new species; omnivores; species diversity
Abstract:
... Impact of sea-surface warming upon the fish assemblages of the Portuguese coast was assessed under two scenarios, the A2 and the B2 scenarios (Special Report on Emission Scenarios), which when coupled with a regional circulation model HadRM3 predict 1 and 2°C of sea-surface warming until the year 2100. Species richness increased in the Portuguese coast. In both scenarios, there was a latitudinal g ...
biogeography; estuaries; estuarine fish; global warming; latitude; temperate zones; Scotland
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to determine whether the latitudinal distribution of fish species that use estuaries to complete their entire life cycle has shifted northward as an expected consequence of global warming. The mean latitude of past fish species distributions found in 1970s’ literature was compared with the mean latitude of distributions today based on fish density indices collected in 55 ...
land use change; temperature; soil organic carbon; nitrogen; pastures; global change; leaching; soil; carbon sinks; rain; woody plants; ecosystems; ecological invasion; abandoned land; grasslands; biogeochemical cycles; Italy; Sicily; Alps region
Abstract:
... Land use changes represent one of the most important components of global environmental change and have a strong influence on carbon cycling. As a consequence of changes in economy during the last century, areas of marginal agriculture have been abandoned leading to secondary successions. The encroachment of woody plants into grasslands, pastures and croplands is generally thought to increase the ...
islands; seedlings; drought; Quercus cerris; forests; feces; woodlands; forest fires; forest damage; land use change; geographical distribution; ecosystem services; lumber; woody plants; mortality; overgrazing; saplings; sheep; Quercus pubescens; stand basal area
Abstract:
... Eastern Mediterranean silvopastoral oak woodlands have been greatly damaged through forest conversion, illegal lumbering, overgrazing, and forest fires. The aim of this study was to assess land-use changes and the legacies that they have imprinted on the forest structure of Quercus macrolepis and accompanying Quercus pubescens and Quercus cerris woodlands on Lesvos Island, Greece. The size structu ...
... We present climate change projections and apply indices of weather extremes for the Mediterranean island Cyprus using data from regional climate model (RCM) simulations driven by the IPCC A1B scenario within the ENSEMBLES project. Daily time-series of temperature and precipitation were used from six RCMs for a reference period 1976–2000 and for 2026–2050 (‘future‘) for representative locations, ap ...
carbon dioxide; econometric models; elasticities; emissions; sulfur dioxide; China
Abstract:
... This paper examines the issue of ancillary benefits by linking sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission to CO2 emission using a panel of 29 Chinese provinces over the period 1995–2007. In the presence of non-stationarity and cointegrating properties of these two data series, this paper applies the panel cointegration techniques to examine both the long-run and short-run elasticities of SO2 with respect to CO ...
planning; uncertainty; urbanization; farmers; markets; international trade; cash crops; scientists; stakeholders; case studies; issues and policy; experts; France
Abstract:
... Following the request of local stakeholders, a multidisciplinary group of experts was formed to implement a foresight analysis of the cash crop sector in the Midi-Pyrénées region. The group developed a four-step multidisciplinary and participatory methodology that defined the objectives, established a shared diagnosis of the issue raised in the regional cash crop sector, implemented a foresight an ...
cities; environmental degradation; floods; hills; karsts; land use; urban areas; urbanization; China
Abstract:
... Since Chinaâs economic reform in 1978, the cities of China have experienced rapid expansion and urbanization, thereby profoundly transforming the spatial pattern of urban land use in the karst regions, particularly in the urban mountainous area within city, and urbanization has had and continues to have a negative impact on urban mountain area in cities of China. With the rapid development of ur ...
climate; conservation areas; emissions; history; land use change; landscapes; models; planning; prediction; watersheds; Italy
Abstract:
... In the context of environmental change projections at the regional level, not only the climate but also the land use plays a key role. The limited availability of historical information reduces the possibility to calibrate land use change (LUC) models. Even in case of successful calibration, using it both for diagnostic and prognostic studies does not guarantee the reliability of single future sim ...
... Climate variability is an important stress factor for rural livelihoods in most developing countries where households have been adapting to environmental shocks for decades. Climate change results in increased variability and poses new challenges for rural livelihoods, as well as for policymakers in adjusting policies to changing conditions. This paper examines the potential relationships between ...
... In this paper, we assess climate change impacts on an intensively managed grassland system at the Swiss Plateau using the process-based grassland model PROGRASS. Taking the CO2 fertilization into account, we find increasing yield levels (in the range of 10–24%) and sharp increases in production risks for an illustrative climate change scenario that suggests a marked increase in temperature and dec ...
food security; image analysis; issues and policy; landscapes; linear models; markets; paddy soils; rivers; rural development; satellites; social problems; soil management; staple foods; statistics; sustainable development; transportation; urban areas; watersheds; China
Abstract:
... Historically, paddy soils are the most valuable natural resources that produce about 90% of staple food in eastern coastal China. Dispersed patterns of rapid rural settlement expansion, or “exurban”, are recognized as key threats to the region’s food security through paddy soil loss. Analyzing the process of ex-urbanization and its impact has profound implications for the sustainable development o ...
food crops; sea level; agricultural industry; case studies; issues and policy; Indonesia
Abstract:
... Adaptation to climate-change impacts requires understanding of where impacts are to be expected and what their magnitude may be. Adaptation funds are only a limited resource for helping affected parties in coping with climate-change impacts. The application of suitable methods helps to determine the recipients of adaptation aid. A quantification of impacts based on different impact analyses can ai ...
climate; fire regime; forest fires; humans; landscapes; population density; socioeconomic factors; statistics; temperature; Portugal
Abstract:
... Within the changing fire regimes of Portugal, the relative importance of humans and climatic variability for regional fire statistics remains poorly understood. This work investigates the statistical relationship between temporal dynamics of fire events in Portugal and a set of socioeconomic, landscape, and climatic variables for the time periods of 1980â1990, 1991â2000, and extreme fires year ...
... A sensitivity study was performed to investigate the responses of potential natural vegetation distribution in China to the separate and combined effects of temperature, precipitation and [CO2], using the process-based equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model BIOME4. The model shows a generally good agreement with a map of the potential natural vegetation distribution based on a numerical compariso ...