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2005 v.307 no.5707
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- Author:
- Andries, Koen; Verhasselt, Peter; Guillemont, Jerome; Göhlmann, Hinrich W. H.; Neefs, Jean-Marc; Winkler, Hans; Van Gestel, Jef; Timmerman, Philip; Zhu, Min; Lee, Ennis; Williams, Peter; de Chaffoy, Didier; Huitric, Emma; Hoffner, Sven; Cambau, Emmanuelle; Truffot-Pernot, Chantal; Lounis, Nacer; Jarlier, Vincent
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 223-227
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- H+/K+-exchanging ATPase; H-transporting ATP synthase; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; World Health Organization; antibacterial properties; drug resistance; drugs; humans; isoniazid; mice; minimum inhibitory concentration; mutants; proton pump; rifampicin; tuberculosis; volunteers
- Abstract:
- ... The incidence of tuberculosis has been increasing substantially on a worldwide basis over the past decade, but no tuberculosis-specific drugs have been discovered in 40 years. We identified a diarylquinoline, R207910, that potently inhibits both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro (minimum inhibitory concentration 0.06 [micro]g/ml). In mice, R207910 exceeded the b ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1106753
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1106753
- Author:
- Bergeron, D. E.; Roach, P. J.; Castleman, A. W.; Jones, N. O.; Khanna, S. N.
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 231-235
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- aluminum; gases; halogens; iodides; models
- Abstract:
- ... Two classes of gas-phase aluminum-iodine clusters have been identified whose stability and reactivity can be understood in terms of the spherical shell jellium model. Experimental reactivity studies show that the Al₁₃I ⁻[subscript x] clusters exhibit pronounced stability for even numbers of I atoms. Theoretical investigations reveal that the enhanced stability is associated with complementary pair ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1105820
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1105820
- Author:
- Bradley, John; Dai, Zu Rong; Erni, Rolf; Browning, Nigel; Graham, Giles; Weber, Peter; Smith, Julie; Hutcheon, Ian; Ishii, Hope; Bajt, Sasa; Floss, Christine; Stadermann, Frank; Sandford, Scott
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 244-247
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- carbon; dust; extinction; silicates; transmission electron microscopes; wavelengths
- Abstract:
- ... The 2175 angstrom extinction feature is the strongest (visible-ultraviolet) spectral signature of dust in the interstellar medium. Forty years after its discovery, the origin of the feature and the nature of the carrier(s) remain controversial. Using a transmission electron microscope, we detected a 5.7-electron volt (2175 angstrom) feature in interstellar grains embedded within interplanetary dus ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1106717
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1106717
- Author:
- Evason, Kimberley; Huang, Cheng; Yamben, Idella; Covey, Douglas F.; Kornfeld, Kerry
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 258-262
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- Caenorhabditis elegans; anticonvulsants; humans
- Abstract:
- ... Genetic studies have elucidated mechanisms that regulate aging, but there has been little progress in identifying drugs that delay aging. Here, we report that ethosuximide, trimethadione, and 3,3-diethyl-2-pyrrolidinone increase mean and maximum life-span of Caenorhabditis elegans and delay age-related declines of physiological processes, indicating that these compounds retard the aging process. T ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1105299
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1105299
- Author:
- Bůttner, Torsten; Geier, Jens; Frison, Gilles; Harmer, Jeffrey; Calle, Carlos; Schweiger, Arthur; Schönberg, Hartmut; Grůtzmacher, Hansjörg
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 235-238
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; free radicals; oxidation
- Abstract:
- ... Metal-stabilized phenoxyl radicals appear to be important intermediates in a variety of enzymatic oxidations. We report that transition metal coordination also supports an aminyl radical, resulting in a stable crystalline complex: [Rh(I)(trop₂N[superscript .])(bipy)]⁺OTf⁻ (where trop is 5-H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5-yl, bipy is 2,2'-bipyridyl, OTf⁻ is trifluorosulfonate). It is accessible under m ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1106070
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1106070
- Author:
- Kent, Dennis V.; Tauxe, Lisa
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 240-244
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- basins; geophysics; igneous rocks; latitude; magnetic fields; models; sedimentary rocks; Europe; Greenland; North America
- Abstract:
- ... We use a method based on a statistical geomagnetic field model to recognize and correct for inclination error in sedimentary rocks from early Mesozoic rift basins in North America, Greenland, and Europe. The congruence of the corrected sedimentary results and independent data from igneous rocks on a regional scale indicates that a geocentric axial dipole field operated in the Late Triassic. The co ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1105826
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1105826
- Author:
- Niess, Jan Hendrik; Brand, Stephan; Gu, Xiubin; Landsman, Limor; Jung, Steffen; McCormick, Beth A.; Vyas, Jatin M.; Boes, Marianne; Ploegh, Hidde L.; Fox, James G.; Littman, Dan R.; Reinecker, Hans-Christian
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 254-258
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- adaptive immunity; antigens; bacteria; chemokine receptors; dendrites; dendritic cells; inflammation; macrophages; mice; pathogens; small intestine
- Abstract:
- ... Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are critical to innate and adaptive immunity to the intestinal bacterial microbiota. Here, we identify a myeloid-derived mucosal DC in mice, which populates the entire lamina propria of the small intestine. Lamina propria DCs were found to depend on the chemokine receptor CX₃CR1 to form transepithelial dendrites, which enable the cells to directly sample lumin ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1102901
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1102901
- Author:
- Komatsu, Koichi; Murata, Michihisa; Murata, Yasujiro
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 238-240
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- chemical reactions; encapsulation; fullerene; hydrogen; surgery; synthesis
- Abstract:
- ... In spite of their importance in fundamental and applied studies, the preparation of endohedral fullerenes has relied on difficult-to-control physical methods. We report a four-step organic reaction that completely closes a 13-membered ring orifice of an open-cage fullerene. This process can be used to synthesize a fullerene C₆₀ encapsulating molecular hydrogen, which can be isolated as a pure prod ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1106185
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1106185
- Author:
- Croxall, John P.; Silk, Janet R. D.; Phillips, Richard A.; Afanasyev, Vsevolod; Briggs, Dirk R.
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 249-250
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- adults; birds; breeding; fisheries; foraging; habitats; home range; Indian Ocean
- Abstract:
- ... Although albatrosses are paradigms of oceanic specialization, their foraging areas and migration routes when not breeding remain essentially unknown. Our continuous remote tracking of 22 adult gray-headed albatrosses for over 30 bird-years reveals three distinct strategies: (i) Stay in breeding home range; (ii) make return migrations to a specific area of the southwest Indian Ocean; and (iii) make ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1106042
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1106042
- Author:
- Tomita, Jun; Nakajima, Masato; Kondo, Takao; Iwasaki, Hideo
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 251-254
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- Synechococcus elongatus; circadian rhythm; messenger RNA; models; phosphorylation; temperature; transcription (genetics); translation (genetics)
- Abstract:
- ... An autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loop is thought to be essential in generating circadian rhythms in any model organism. In the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, the essential clock protein KaiC is proposed to form this type of transcriptional negative feedback. Nevertheless, we demonstrate here temperature-compensated, robust circadian cycling of KaiC phosphorylation even ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1102540
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1102540
- Author:
- Keegan, Brian R.; Feldman, Jessica L.; Begemann, Gerrit; Ingham, Philip W.; Yelon, Deborah
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 247-249
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- Danio rerio; cardiomyocytes; organogenesis; retinoic acid; stem cells
- Abstract:
- ... Organogenesis begins with specification of a progenitor cell population, the size of which provides a foundation for the organ's final dimensions. Here, we present a new mechanism for regulating the number of progenitor cells by limiting their density within a competent region. We demonstrate that retinoic acid signaling restricts cardiac specification in the zebrafish embryo. Reduction of retinoi ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1101573
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1101573
- Author:
- Petkova, Aneta T.; Leapman, Richard D.; Guo, Zhihong; Yau, Wai-Ming; Mattson, Mark P.; Tycko, Robert
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 262-265
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- Alzheimer disease; amyloid; cell culture; chemical structure; electron microscopy; nanomaterials; neurons; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; prion diseases
- Abstract:
- ... Amyloid fibrils commonly exhibit multiple distinct morphologies in electron microscope and atomic force microscope images, often within a single image field. By using electron microscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements on fibrils formed by the 40-residue [beta]-amyloid peptide of Alzheimer's disease (A[beta]₁₋₄₀), we show that different fibril morphologies have different un ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1105850
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1105850
- Author:
- Gu, Chenghua; Yoshida, Yutaka; Livet, Jean; Reimert, Dorothy V.; Mann, Fanny; Merte, Janna; Henderson, Christopher E.; Jessell, Thomas M.; Kolodkin, Alex L.; Ginty, David D.
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 265-268
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- endothelial cells; mice; organogenesis; signal transduction
- Abstract:
- ... The development of a patterned vasculature is essential for normal organogenesis. We found that signaling by semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) and its receptor plexin-D1 controls endothelial cell positioning and the patterning of the developing vasculature in the mouse. Sema3E is highly expressed in developing somites, where it acts as a repulsive cue for plexin-D1-expressing endothelial cells of adjacent in ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1105416
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1105416
- Author:
- Yuan, Zheng-long; Guan, Ying-jie; Chatterjee, Devasis; Chin, Y. Eugene
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 269-273
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- DNA; acetylation; cell cycle; cytokines; dimerization; genes; histone acetyltransferase; histone deacetylase; lysine; mutants; prostatic neoplasms; proteins; serine; signal transduction; transcription (genetics); tyrosine
- Abstract:
- ... Upon cytokine treatment, members of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family of proteins are phosphorylated on tyrosine and serine sites within the carboxyl-terminal region in cells. We show that in response to cytokine treatment, Stat3 is also acetylated on a single lysine residue, Lys⁶⁸⁵. Histone acetyltransferase p300-mediated Stat3 acetylation on Lys⁶⁸⁵ was reversib ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1105166
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1105166
- Author:
- Lipton, Peter
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 219-221
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- prediction; risk; testing
- Abstract:
- ... Observations that fit a hypothesis may be made before or after the hypothesis is formulated. Can that difference be relevant to the amount of support that the observations provide for the hypothesis? Philosophers of science and statisticians are both divided on this question, but there is an argument that predictions ought to count more than accommodations, because of the risk of "fudging" that ac ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1103024
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1103024
- Author:
- Balco, Greg; Rovey, Charles W.; Stone, John O. H.
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 222
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- glacial deposits; ice; nuclides; paleosolic soil types; North America
- Abstract:
- ... Despite marine evidence for at least 50 Pliocene-Pleistocene ice sheet advances, only the most recent one has been accurately reconstructed from terrestrial evidence, because there are few techniques for dating older glacial deposits. Here we show that the cosmic ray-produced nuclides beryllium-10 and aluminum-26 can be used to date tills that overlie paleosols. ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1103406
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1103406
- Author:
- Krivorotov, I. N.; Emley, N. C.; Sankey, J. C.; Kiselev, S. I.; Ralph, D. C.; Buhrman, R. A.
- Source:
- Science 2005 v.307 no.5707 pp. 228-231
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- magnetic fields; nanotechnology; torque
- Abstract:
- ... We present time-resolved measurements of gigahertz-scale magnetic dynamics caused by torque from a spin-polarized current. By working in the time domain, we determined the motion of the magnetic moment throughout the process of spin-transfer-driven switching, and we measured turn-on times of steady-state precessional modes. Time-resolved studies of magnetic relaxation allow for the direct measurem ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1105722
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1105722