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You searched for: Journal Science Remove constraint Journal: Science Publication Year 2005 Remove constraint Publication Year: 2005 Source 2005 v.310 no.5747 Remove constraint Source: 2005 v.310 no.5747
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1. Air-Stable All-Inorganic Nanocrystal Solar Cells Processed from Solution

Author:
Gur, Ilan; Fromer, Neil A.; Geier, Michael L.; Alivisatos, A. Paul
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 462-465
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
air; nanocrystals; photovoltaic cells; power generation
Abstract:
... We introduce an ultrathin donor-acceptor solar cell composed entirely of inorganic nanocrystals spin-cast from solution. These devices are stable in air, and post-fabrication processing allows for power conversion efficiencies approaching 3% in initial tests. This demonstration elucidates a class of photovoltaic devices with potential for stable, low-cost power generation. ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1117908

2. Assortative Mating as a Mechanism for Rapid Evolution of a Migratory Divide

Author:
Bearhop, Stuart; Fiedler, Wolfgang; Furness, Robert W.; Votier, Stephen C.; Waldron, Susan; Newton, Jason; Bowen, Gabriel J.; Berthold, Peter; Farnsworth, Keith
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 502-504
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
Sylvia atricapilla; assortative mating; breeding; breeding sites; evolution; fledglings; migratory behavior; migratory birds; stable isotopes; sympatry
Abstract:
... There have been numerous recent observations of changes in the behavior and dynamics of migratory bird populations, but the plasticity of the migratory trait and our inability to track small animals over large distances have hindered investigation of the mechanisms behind migratory change. We used habitat-specific stable isotope signatures to show that recently evolved allopatric wintering populat ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1115661

3. Biomarker Evidence for Photosynthesis During Neoproterozoic Glaciation

Author:
Olcott, Alison N.; Sessions, Alex L.; Corsetti, Frank A.; Kaufman, Alan J.; Oliviera, Tolentino Flavio de
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 471-474
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
biomarkers; carbon; eukaryotic cells; euphotic zone; glaciation; ice; latitude; microbial ecology; photosynthesis; photosynthetic bacteria; primary productivity; rocks; surface water; Brazil
Abstract:
... Laterally extensive black shales were deposited on the São Francisco craton in southeastern Brazil during low-latitude Neoproterozoic glaciation [approximately]740 to 700 million years ago. These rocks contain up to 3.0 weight % organic carbon, which we interpret as representing the preserved record of abundant marine primary productivity from glacial times. Extractable biomarkers reflect a compl ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1115769

4. Bridging Dimensions: Demultiplexing Ultrahigh-Density Nanowire Circuits

Author:
Beckman, Robert; Johnston-Halperin, Ezekiel; Luo, Yi; Green, Jonathan E.; Heath, James R.
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 465-468
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
electronic circuits; manufacturing; nanowires; silicon
Abstract:
... A demultiplexer is an electronic circuit designed to separate two or more combined signals. We report on a demultiplexer architecture for bridging from the submicrometer dimensions of lithographic patterning to the nanometer-scale dimensions that can be achieved through nanofabrication methods for the selective addressing of ultrahigh-density nanowire circuits. Order log₂(N) large wires are requir ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1114757

5. Geographic Control of Titan's Mid-Latitude Clouds

Author:
Roe, Henry G.; Brown, Michael E.; Schaller, Emily L.; Bouchez, Antonin H.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 477-479
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
latitude; longitude; methane; photolysis
Abstract:
... Observations of Titan's mid-latitude clouds from the W. M. Keck and Gemini Observatories show that they cluster near 350°W longitude, 40°S latitude. These clouds cannot be explained by a seasonal shift in global circulation and thus presumably reflect a mechanism on Titan such as geysering or cryovolcanism in this region. The rate of volatile release necessary to trigger cloud formation could easi ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1116760

6. Glycine-Rich Antifreeze Proteins from Snow Fleas

Author:
Graham, Laurie A.; Davies, Peter L.
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 461
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
Hypogastrura; insect proteins; cold tolerance; amino acid sequences
Abstract:
... We purified antifreeze proteins from winter-active snow fleas, Hypogastrura harveyi. These 6.5- and 15.7-kilodalton thermolabile proteins are glycine-rich (45% of the residues), and the short isoform is composed of the tripeptide repeat Gly-X-X. This makes them very different from other antifreeze proteins, including two from insects, suggesting independent adaptation to freezing environments. ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1115145

7. Ice-Sheet and Sea-Level Changes

Author:
Alley, Richard B.; Clark, Peter U.; Huybrechts, Philippe; Joughin, Ian
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 456-460
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
climate change; freshwater; greenhouse gases; ice; melting; models; sea level; uncertainty; Antarctic region; Greenland
Abstract:
... Future sea-level rise is an important issue related to the continuing buildup of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, with the potential to raise sea level [approximately]70 meters if completely melted, dominate uncertainties in projected sea-level change. Freshwater fluxes from these ice sheets also may affect oceanic circulation, contributing to clim ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1114613

8. Interlinked Fast and Slow Positive Feedback Loops Drive Reliable Cell Decisions

Author:
Brandman, Onn; Ferrell, James E.; Li, Rong; Meyer, Tobias
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 496-498
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
Xenopus; calcium signaling; oocytes; yeasts
Abstract:
... Positive feedback is a ubiquitous signal transduction motif that allows systems to convert graded inputs into decisive, all-or-none outputs. Here we investigate why the positive feedback switches that regulate polarization of budding yeast, calcium signaling, Xenopus oocyte maturation, and various other processes use multiple interlinked loops rather than single positive feedback loops. Mathematic ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1113834
PubMed:
16239477
PubMed Central:
PMC3175767

9. Movement of Eukaryotic mRNAs Between Polysomes and Cytoplasmic Processing Bodies

Author:
Brengues, Muriel; Teixeira, Daniela; Parker, Roy
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 486-489
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; yeasts; messenger RNA; polyribosomes; cytoplasm; translation (genetics)
Abstract:
... Eukaryotic cells contain nontranslating messenger RNA concentrated in P-bodies, which are sites where the mRNA can be decapped and degraded. We present evidence that mRNA molecules within yeast P-bodies can also return to translation. First, inhibiting delivery of new mRNAs to P-bodies leads to their disassembly independent of mRNA decay. Second, P-bodies decline in a translation initiation-depend ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1115791
PubMed:
16141371
PubMed Central:
PMC1863069

10. Reciprocal Interference Between Specific CJD and Scrapie Agents in Neural Cell Cultures

Author:
Nishida, Noriuki; Katamine, Shigeru; Manuelidis, Laura
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 493-496
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome; coculture; immune system; mice; prions; scrapie; superinfection; virulence
Abstract:
... Infection of mice with an attenuated Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent (SY-CJD) interferes with superinfection by a more virulent human-derived CJD agent (FU-CJD) and does not require pathological prion protein (PrPres). Using a rapid coculture system, we found that a neural cell line free of immune system cells similarly supported substantial CJD agent interference without PrPres. In addition, SY-C ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1118155

11. Selective Logging in the Brazilian Amazon

Author:
Asner, Gregory P.; Knapp, David E.; Broadbent, Eben N.; Oliveira, Paulo J. C.; Keller, Michael; Silva, Jose N.
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 480-482
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
tropical rain forests; logging; tropical forests; remote sensing; deforestation; Brazil; Amazonia
Abstract:
... Amazon deforestation has been measured by remote sensing for three decades. In comparison, selective logging has been mostly invisible to satellites. We developed a large-scale, high-resolution, automated remote-sensing analysis of selective logging in the top five timber-producing states of the Brazilian Amazon. Logged areas ranged from 12,075 to 19,823 square kilometers per year (±14%) between 1 ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1118051

12. The Biochemical Architecture of an Ancient Adaptive Landscape

Author:
Lunzer, Mark; Miller, Stephen P.; Felsheim, Roderick; Dean, Antony M.
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 499-501
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
NAD (coenzyme); NADP (coenzyme); amino acids; evolution; mutation; phenotype; prediction
Abstract:
... Molecular evolution is moving from statistical descriptions of adaptive molecular changes toward predicting the fitness effects of mutations. Here, we characterize the fitness landscape of the six amino acids controlling coenzyme use in isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IMDH). Although all natural IMDHs use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a coenzyme, they can be engineered to use nicotinam ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1115649

13. The Evolution of Titan's Mid-Latitude Clouds

Author:
Griffith, C. A.; Penteado, P.; Baines, K.; Drossart, P.; Barnes, J.; Bellucci, G.; Bibring, J.; Brown, R.; Buratti, B.; Capaccioni, F.; Cerroni, P.; Clark, R.; Combes, M.; Coradini, A.; Cruikshank, D.; Formisano, V.; Jaumann, R.; Langevin, Y.; Matson, D.; McCord, T.; Mennella, V.; Nelson, R.; Nicholson, P.; Sicardy, B.; Sotin, C.; Soderblom, L. A.; Kursinski, R.
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 474-477
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
geology; latitude; longitude; rain; spectrometers; tides; troposphere
Abstract:
... Spectra from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer reveal that the horizontal structure, height, and optical depth of Titan's clouds are highly dynamic. Vigorous cloud centers are seen to rise from the middle to the upper troposphere within 30 minutes and dissipate within the next hour. Their development indicates that Titan's clouds evolve convectively; dissipate through rain; and, o ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1117702

14. The {szligbeta}-Glucuronidase Klotho Hydrolyzes and Activates the TRPV5 Channel

Author:
Chang, Q.; Hoefs, S.; Kemp, A. W. van der; Topala, C. N.; Bindels, R. J.; Hoenderop, J. G.
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 490-493
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
blood; calcium; calcium channels; hydrolysis; kidneys; mammals; oligosaccharides; permeability; plasma membrane
Abstract:
... Blood calcium concentration is maintained within a narrow range despite large variations in dietary input and body demand. The Transient Receptor Potential ion channel TRPV5 has been implicated in this process. We report here that TRPV5 is stimulated by the mammalian hormone klotho. Klotho, a {szligbeta}-glucuronidase, hydrolyzes extracellular sugar residues on TRPV5, entrapping the channel in the ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1114245

15. Transmission of Equine Influenza Virus to Dogs

Author:
Crawford, P. C.; Dubovi, Edward J.; Castleman, William L.; Stephenson, Iain; Gibbs, E. P. J.; Chen, Limei; Smith, Catherine; Hill, Richard C.; Ferro, Pamela; Pompey, Justine; Bright, Rick A.; Medina, Marie-Jo; Johnson, Calvin M.; Olsen, Christopher W.; Cox, Nancy J.; Klimov, Alexander I.; Katz, Jacqueline M.; Donis, Ruben O.
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 482-485
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
dogs; Greyhound; disease transmission; Orthomyxoviridae; vertebrate viruses; viral diseases of animals and humans; dog diseases; respiratory tract diseases; immunohistochemistry; hemagglutinins; amino acid sequences; phylogeny; antibody formation
Abstract:
... Molecular and antigenic analyses of three influenza viruses isolated from outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds revealed that they are closely related to H3N8 equine influenza virus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the canine influenza virus genomes form a monophyletic group, consistent with a single interspecies virus transfer. Molecular changes in the hemagglutinin su ...
DOI:
10.1126/science.1117950

16. Visualization of the Molecular Jahn-Teller Effect in an Insulating K₄C₆₀ Monolayer

Author:
Wachowiak, A.; Yamachika, R.; Khoo, K. H.; Wang, Y.; Grobis, M.; Lee, D.-H.; Louie, Steven G.; Crommie, M. F.
Source:
Science 2005 v.310 no.5747 pp. 468-470
ISSN:
0036-8075
Subject:
chemical structure; deformation; gold; scanning tunneling microscopy
Abstract:
... We present a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of K[subscript x]C₆₀ monolayers on Au(111) for 3
DOI:
10.1126/science.1117303