You searched for:
Journal name
Science
Remove constraint Journal name: Science
Source
2011 v.331 no.6017
Remove constraint Source: 2011 v.331 no.6017
PubAg
Main content area
Limit your search
Search
15 Search Results
1 - 15 of 15
Search Results
- Author:
- Büntgen, Ulf; Tegel, Willy; Nicolussi, Kurt; McCormick, Michael; Frank, David; Trouet, Valerie; Kaplan, Jed O.; Herzig, Franz; Heussner, Karl-Uwe; Wanner, Heinz; Luterbacher, Jürg; Esper, Jan
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 578-582
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- anthropogenic activities; climate; climate change; humans; politics; risk; summer; temperature
- Abstract:
- ... Climate variations influenced the agricultural productivity, health risk, and conflict level of preindustrial societies. Discrimination between environmental and anthropogenic impacts on past civilizations, however, remains difficult because of the paucity of high-resolution paleoclimatic evidence. We present tree ring-based reconstructions of central European summer precipitation and temperature ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1197175
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197175
- Author:
- Riehle, Michelle M.; Guelbeogo, Wamdaogo M.; Gneme, Awa; Eiglmeier, Karin; Holm, Inge; Bischoff, Emmanuel; Garnier, Thierry; Snyder, Gregory M.; Li, Xuanzhong; Markianos, Kyriacos; Sagnon, N'Fale; Vernick, Kenneth D.
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 596-598
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- Anopheles gambiae; Plasmodium falciparum; adults; biological resistance; habitats; humans; insect vectors; larvae; malaria; oviposition sites; parasites; savannas; surveys; sympatry; Western Africa
- Abstract:
- ... Population subgroups of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae have not been comprehensively characterized owing to the lack of unbiased sampling methods. In the arid savanna zone of West Africa, where potential oviposition sites are scarce, widespread collection from larval pools in the peridomestic human habitat yielded a comprehensive genetic survey of local A. gambiae population subgroup ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1196759
- PubMed:
- 21292978
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3065189
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1196759
- Author:
- Djuranovic, Sergej; Nahvi, Ali; Green, Rachel
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 550-553
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- genes; messenger RNA; microRNA; models; proteins; small interfering RNA; translation (genetics)
- Abstract:
- ... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) act with the Argonaute family of proteins to regulate target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) posttranscriptionally. SiRNAs typically induce endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNA with near-perfect complementarity. For targets with less complementarity, both translational repression and mRNA destabilization mechanisms have been implicated in miRNA-mediated ge ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1191138
- PubMed:
- 21292970
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3955125
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1191138
- Author:
- Ting, David T.; Lipson, Doron; Paul, Suchismita; Brannigan, Brian W.; Akhavanfard, Sara; Coffman, Erik J.; Contino, Gianmarco; Deshpande, Vikram; Iafrate, A. John; Letovsky, Stan; Rivera, Miguel N.; Bardeesy, Nabeel; Maheswaran, Shyamala; Haber, Daniel A.
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 593-596
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- adenocarcinoma; animal ovaries; biomarkers; colon; epithelium; gene overexpression; gene silencing; genes; heterochromatin; humans; kidneys; mice; microsatellite repeats; non-coding RNA; plant ovary; retrotransposons; satellites; transcription (genetics)
- Abstract:
- ... Satellite repeats in heterochromatin are transcribed into noncoding RNAs that have been linked to gene silencing and maintenance of chromosomal integrity. Using digital gene expression analysis, we showed that these transcripts are greatly overexpressed in mouse and human epithelial cancers. In 8 of 10 mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs), pericentromeric satellites accounted for a mean ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1200801
- PubMed:
- 21233348
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3701432
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1200801
- Author:
- Sasaki, Takuya; Matsuki, Norio; Ikegaya, Yuji
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 599-601
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- action potentials; adenosine; antagonists; astrocytes; axons; calcium; fluorescence; geometry; glutamate receptors; glutamic acid; synaptic transmission; travel
- Abstract:
- ... Once initiated near the soma, an action potential (AP) is thought to propagate autoregeneratively and distribute uniformly over axonal arbors. We challenge this classic view by showing that APs are subject to waveform modulation while they travel down axons. Using fluorescent patch-clamp pipettes, we recorded APs from axon branches of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons ex vivo. The waveforms of axo ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1197598
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197598
- Author:
- Wörsdörfer, Bigna; Woycechowsky, Kenneth J.; Hilvert, Donald
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 589-592
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- Escherichia coli; Human immunodeficiency virus; capsid; catalytic activity; directed evolution; encapsulation; mutagenesis; proteinases; toxicity
- Abstract:
- ... Confinement of enzymes in protein nanocompartments represents a potentially powerful strategy for controlling catalytic activity in cells. By using a simple electrostatically based tagging system for protein encapsulation, we successfully sequestered HIV protease, a toxic enzyme when produced cytoplasmically, within an engineered lumazine synthase capsid. The growth advantage resulting from protec ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1199081
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1199081
- Author:
- Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Ragozzine, Darin; Holman, Matthew J.; Quinn, Samuel N.; Latham, David W.; Buchhave, Lars A.; Van Cleve, Jeffrey; Cochran, William D.; Cote, Miles T.; Endl, Michael; Ford, Eric B.; Haas, Michael R.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Koch, David G.; Li, Jie; Lissauer, Jack J.; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Middour, Christopher K.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Rowe, Jason F.; Steffen, Jason H.; Welsh, William F.
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 562-565
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- light; mass; models; monitoring
- Abstract:
- ... The Kepler spacecraft has been monitoring the light from 150,000 stars in its primary quest to detect transiting exoplanets. Here, we report on the detection of an eclipsing stellar hierarchical triple, identified in the Kepler photometry. KOI-126 [A, (B, C)], is composed of a low-mass binary [masses MB = 0.2413 ± 0.0030 solar mass (M[middle dot in circle]), MC = 0.2127 ± 0.0026 M[middle dot in ci ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1201274
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201274
- Author:
- Brodribb, Tim J.; McAdam, Scott A.M.
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 582-585
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- stomatal movement; turgor; vascular plants; water flow; carbon; ferns and fern allies; abscisic acid; photosynthesis; Spermatophytina; stomata
- Abstract:
- ... Carbon and water flow between plants and the atmosphere is regulated by the opening and closing of minute stomatal pores in surfaces of leaves. By changing the aperture of stomata, plants regulate water loss and photosynthetic carbon gain in response to many environmental stimuli, but stomatal movements cannot yet be reliably predicted. We found that the complexity that characterizes stomatal cont ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1197985
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197985
9. Protein Native-State Stabilization by Placing Aromatic Side Chains in N-Glycosylated Reverse Turns
- Author:
- Culyba, Elizabeth K.; Price, Joshua L.; Hanson, Sarah R.; Dhar, Apratim; Wong, Chi-Huey; Gruebele, Martin; Powers, Evan T.; Kelly, Jeffery W.
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 571-575
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- N-acetylglucosamine; asparagine; glycosylation; phenylalanine; proteins
- Abstract:
- ... N-glycosylation of eukaryotic proteins helps them fold and traverse the cellular secretory pathway and can increase their stability, although the molecular basis for stabilization is poorly understood. Glycosylation of proteins at naïve sites (ones that normally are not glycosylated) could be useful for therapeutic and research applications but currently results in unpredictable changes to protein ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1198461
- PubMed:
- 21292975
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3099596
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1198461
- Author:
- Hansen, C.J.; Bourke, M.; Bridges, N.T.; Byrne, S.; Colon, C.; Diniega, S.; Dundas, C.; Herkenhoff, K.; McEwen, A.; Mellon, M.; Portyankina, G.; Thomas, N.
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 575-578
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- carbon dioxide; climate; dunes; environmental factors; image analysis; ravines; sand; spring; sublimation; wind
- Abstract:
- ... Despite radically different environmental conditions, terrestrial and martian dunes bear a strong resemblance, indicating that the basic processes of saltation and grainfall (sand avalanching down the dune slipface) operate on both worlds. Here, we show that martian dunes are subject to an additional modification process not found on Earth: springtime sublimation of Mars' CO₂ seasonal polar caps. ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1197636
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197636
- Author:
- Lewis, Simon L.; Brando, Paulo M.; Phillips, Oliver L.; van der Heijden, Geertje M.F.; Nepstad, Daniel
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 554
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- biomass; carbon; confidence interval; drought; dry season; drying; emissions; forests; meteorological data; rain; statistical analysis; tree mortality; Amazonia
- Abstract:
- ... In 2010, dry-season rainfall was low across Amazonia, with apparent similarities to the major 2005 drought. We analyzed a decade of satellite-derived rainfall data to compare both events. Standardized anomalies of dry-season rainfall showed that 57% of Amazonia had low rainfall in 2010 as compared with 37% in 2005 ([less-than or equal to]-1 standard deviation from long-term mean). By using relatio ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1200807
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1200807
- Author:
- Colbourne, John K.; Pfrender, Michael E.; Gilbert, Donald; Thomas, W. Kelley; Tucker, Abraham; Oakley, Todd H.; Tokishita, Shinichi; Aerts, Andrea; Arnold, Georg J.; Basu, Malay Kumar; Bauer, Darren J.; Cáceres, Carla E.; Carmel, Liran; Casola, Claudio; Choi, Jeong-Hyeon; Detter, John C.; Dong, Qunfeng; Dusheyko, Serge; Eads, Brian D.; Fröhlich, Thomas; Geiler-Samerotte, Kerry A.; Gerlach, Daniel; Hatcher, Phil; Jogdeo, Sanjuro; Krijgsveld, Jeroen; Kriventseva, Evgenia V.; Kültz, Dietmar; Laforsch, Christian; Lindquist, Erika; Lopez, Jacqueline; Manak, J. Robert; Muller, Jean; Pangilinan, Jasmyn; Patwardhan, Rupali P.; Pitluck, Samuel; Pritham, Ellen J.; Rechtsteiner, Andreas; Rho, Mina; Rogozin, Igor B.; Sakarya, Onur; Salamov, Asaf; Schaack, Sarah; Shapiro, Harris; Shiga, Yasuhiro; Skalitzky, Courtney; Smith, Zachary; Souvorov, Alexander; Sung, Way; Tang, Zuojian; Tsuchiya, Dai; Tu, Hank; Vos, Harmjan; Wang, Mei; Wolf, Yuri I.; Yamagata, Hideo; Yamada, Takuji; Ye, Yuzhen; Shaw, Joseph R.; Andrews, Justen; Crease, Teresa J.; Tang, Haixu; Lucas, Susan M.; Robertson, Hugh M.; Bork, Peer; Koonin, Eugene V.; Zdobnov, Evgeny M.; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Lynch, Michael; Boore, Jeffrey L.
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 555-561
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- Daphnia pulex; biochemical pathways; environmental factors; gene duplication; gene expression; loci; multigene family; proteome
- Abstract:
- ... We describe the draft genome of the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex, which is only 200 megabases and contains at least 30,907 genes. The high gene count is a consequence of an elevated rate of gene duplication resulting in tandem gene clusters. More than a third of Daphnia's genes have no detectable homologs in any other available proteome, and the most amplified gene families are specific to the Da ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1197761
- PubMed:
- 21292972
- PubMed Central:
- PMC3529199
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197761
- Author:
- Yanagitani, Kota; Kimata, Yukio; Kadokura, Hiroshi; Kohno, Kenji
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 586-589
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- endoplasmic reticulum; mammals; messenger RNA; transcription factors; translation (genetics)
- Abstract:
- ... Upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, an endoribonuclease, inositol-requiring enzyme-1α, splices the precursor unspliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 messenger RNA (XBP1u mRNA) on the ER membrane to yield an active transcription factor (XBP1s), leading to the alleviation of the stress. The nascent peptide encoded by XBP1u mRNA drags the mRNA-ribosome-nascent chain (R-RNC) complex to the membr ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1197142
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197142
- Author:
- Coleman, Jonathan N.; Lotya, Mustafa; O'Neill, Arlene; Bergin, Shane D.; King, Paul J.; Khan, Umar; Young, Karen; Gaucher, Alexandre; De, Sukanta; Smith, Ronan J.; Shvets, Igor V.; Arora, Sunil K.; Stanton, George; Kim, Hye-Young; Lee, Kangho; Kim, Gyu Tae; Duesberg, Georg S.; Hallam, Toby; Boland, John J.; Wang, Jing Jing; Donegan, John F.; Grunlan, Jaime C.; Moriarty, Gregory; Shmeliov, Aleksey; Nicholls, Rebecca J.; Perkins, James M.; Grieveson, Eleanor M.; Theuwissen, Koenraad; McComb, David W.; Nellist, Peter D.; Nicolosi, Valeria
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 568-571
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- crystals; dispersions; electron microscopy; electronics; energy; films (materials); mixing; nanosheets; nanotubes; polymers; solvents
- Abstract:
- ... If they could be easily exfoliated, layered materials would become a diverse source of two-dimensional crystals whose properties would be useful in applications ranging from electronics to energy storage. We show that layered compounds such as MoS₂, WS₂, MoSe₂, MoTe₂, TaSe₂, NbSe₂, NiTe₂, BN, and Bi₂Te₃ can be efficiently dispersed in common solvents and can be deposited as individual flakes or fo ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1194975
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1194975
- Author:
- Bolinger, Joshua C.; Traub, Matthew C.; Adachi, Takuji; Barbara, Paul F.
- Source:
- Science 2011 v.331 no.6017 pp. 565-567
- ISSN:
- 0036-8075
- Subject:
- energy transfer; geometry; polymers; spectroscopy
- Abstract:
- ... In conjugated polymers, radiative recombination of excitons (electron-hole pairs) competes with nonradiative thermal relaxation pathways. We visualized exciton quenching induced by hole polarons in single-polymer chains in a device geometry. The distance-scale for quenching was measured by means of a new subdiffraction, single-molecule technique--bias-modulated intensity centroid spectroscopy--whi ...
- DOI:
- 10.1126/science.1199140
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1199140